a case study of pollution in river arkavathy

UC Berkeley

The drying of the Arkavathy river: understanding hydrological change in a human-dominated watershed

• Penny, Gopal
• Advisor(s): Thompson, Sally E

Human interventions in the hydrologic cycle have intensified to the extent that water resources cannot be managed and understood in isolation from anthropogenic influences. New approaches are needed to understand the effects of humans on hydrology, especially in regions of the world with limited hydrologic records. This dissertation focuses on a case study of the Arkavathy watershed adjacent to Bangalore, India, which has been transformed by rapid urbanization, intensification of agriculture, and over-exploitation of water resources over the last 50 years. During this time, the disappearance of streamflow in the watershed was largely overlooked as Bangalore shifted from Arkavathy-sourced water supply to imported water and farmers from surface water to groundwater irrigation. With Bangalore continuing to expand its water footprint and local groundwater resources drying up, moving towards sustainable water resources management in the Arkavathy requires overcoming the general absence of local hydrological records to develop an understanding of the changing hydrology of the watershed. To this end, a multifaceted research approach is developed and applied to the Arkavathy watershed to identify the dominant hydrologic dynamics within the watershed and understand the conditions under which hydrologic change occurred. This research reveals a number of important findings. First, humans are the primary drivers of change in this watershed, as neither precipitation variability nor increases in temperature can explain the observed changes in hydrology. Second, hydrologic change within the watershed is spatially heterogeneous, with drying occurring in the northern part of the watershed and increased surface water availability downstream of Bangalore. Third, streamflow decline in the northern Arkavathy has most likely been caused by extensive groundwater depletion driven by groundwater irrigated agriculture. And finally, management strategies designed to reverse groundwater depletion by constructing check dams within the surface water network are unlikely to succeed on the scales pertinent to watershed management. In addition to understanding water resources within the Arkavathy, this work serves as a foundation for understanding the trajectory of water resources in the region. This research also presents an approach for investigating historical hydrologic change in a poorly monitored watershed, understanding human-water interactions, and supporting long-term predictions for sustainable water management.

Enter the password to open this PDF file:

Information

• Author Services

Initiatives

You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Original Submission Date Received: .

• Active Journals
• Find a Journal
• Proceedings Series
• For Authors
• For Reviewers
• For Editors
• For Librarians
• For Publishers
• For Societies
• For Conference Organizers
• Open Access Policy
• Institutional Open Access Program
• Special Issues Guidelines
• Editorial Process
• Research and Publication Ethics
• Article Processing Charges
• Testimonials
• Preprints.org
• SciProfiles
• Encyclopedia

Article Menu

• Subscribe SciFeed
• Recommended Articles
• Google Scholar
• on Google Scholar
• Table of Contents

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.

Please let us know what you think of our products and services.

Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.

JSmol Viewer

Surface water quality assessment of the arkavathi reservoir catchment and command area, india, through multivariate analysis: a study in seasonal and sub-watershed variations.

1. Introduction

1.1. multivariate analysis of surface water, 1.2. geogenic contamination analysis of groundwater, 1.3. significance of the present study, 2. materials and methods, 2.1. study area, 2.2. geology and geomorphological features, 2.3. land use and landcover of the study area, 2.4. sample collection and testing, 2.5. data suitability, 2.6. multivariate analysis, 2.6.1. factor analysis, 2.6.2. cluster analysis, 2.6.3. two-way and three-way anova and t -tests, 3. results and discussion, 3.1. factor groupings, 3.2. clustering, 3.3. two-way and three-way anova: effects due to years, seasons and locations, 3.4. groundwater quality of the study area—piper trilinear diagrams, 4. conclusions.

• Considering the many townships along the Arkavathi River in SW1, domestic sewage needs to be treated effectively at the border region of SW1 and SW5 and within SW6, especially during the Post-Monsoon season.
• Usage of fertilizers, especially in the agricultural lands in command area SW6, should be closely monitored and controlled.
• Erosion control plans need to be put in place in SW3, SW4 and SW5, as indicated by high TDS in SW6.
• Quarry activities in SW4 and SW3 need to be monitored for potential contamination of smaller streams.

Supplementary Materials

Author contributions, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

Click here to enlarge figure

• Iticescu, C.; Georgescu, L.P.; Murariu, G.; Topa, C.; Timofti, M.; Pintilie, V.; Arseni, M. Lower Danube Water Quality Quantified through WQI and Multivariate Analysis. Water 2019 , 11 , 1305. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Wang, X.; Zhang, F. Multi-Scale Analysis of the Relationship between Landscape Patterns and a Water Quality Index (WQI) Based on a Stepwise Linear Regression (SLR) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) in the Ebinur Lake Oasis. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2018 , 25 , 7033–7048. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Olsen, R.L.; Chappell, R.W.; Loftis, J.C. Water Quality Sample Collection, Data Treatment and Results Presentation for Principal Components Analysis—Literature Review and Illinois River Watershed Case Study. Water Res. 2012 , 46 , 3110–3122. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Cheng, G.; Wang, M.; Chen, Y.; Gao, W. Source Apportionment of Water Pollutants in the Upstream of Yangtze River Using APCS–MLR. Environ. Geochem. Health 2020 , 42 , 3795–3810. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Matamoros, V.; Arias, C.A.; Nguyen, L.X.; Salvadó, V.; Brix, H. Occurrence and Behavior of Emerging Contaminants in Surface Water and a Restored Wetland. Chemosphere 2012 , 88 , 1083–1089. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• González, S.; López-Roldán, R.; Cortina, J.L. Presence and Biological Effects of Emerging Contaminants in Llobregat River Basin: A Review. Environ. Pollut. 2012 , 161 , 83–92. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Boyacioglu, H. Surface Water Quality Assessment Using Factor Analysis. Water SA 2006 , 32 , 43. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Dani, A.; Bărbulescu, A. Statistical Analysis of the Water Quality of the Major Rivers in India. In Frontiers in Water-Energy-Nexus—Nature-Based Solutions, Advanced Technologies and Best Practices for Environmental Sustainability, Proceedings of the 2nd WaterEnergyNEXUS Conference, Salerno, Italy, 14–17 November 2018 ; Naddeo, V., Balakrishnan, M., Choo, K.-H., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; pp. 281–283. [ Google Scholar ]
• Hamil, S.; Bouchelouche, D.; Arab, S.; Doukhandji, N.; Smaoune, G.; Baha, M.; Arab, A. Statistical Multivariate Analysis Assessment of Dams’ Water Quality in the North-Central Algeria. In Advances in Sustainable and Environmental Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Hydrochemistry and Water Resources, Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Sousse, Tunisia, 12–15 November 2018 ; Chaminé, H.I., Barbieri, M., Kisi, O., Chen, M., Merkel, B.J., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2019; pp. 381–383. [ Google Scholar ]
• Bhat, S.A.; Meraj, G.; Yaseen, S.; Pandit, A.K. Statistical Assessment of Water Quality Parameters for Pollution Source Identification in Sukhnag Stream: An Inflow Stream of Lake Wular (Ramsar Site), Kashmir Himalaya. J. Ecosyst. 2014 , 2014 , 1–18. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Garizi, A.Z.; Sheikh, V.; Sadoddin, A. Assessment of Seasonal Variations of Chemical Characteristics in Surface Water Using Multivariate Statistical Methods. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011 , 8 , 581–592. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Najar, I.A.; Basheer, A. Assessment of Seasonal Variation in Water Quality of Dal Lake (Kashmir, India) Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques. WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. 2012 , 164 , 123–134. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Ouyang, Y.; Nkedi-Kizza, P.; Wu, Q.T.; Shinde, D.; Huang, C.H. Assessment of Seasonal Variations in Surface Water Quality. Water Res. 2006 , 40 , 3800–3810. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Saha, N.; Rahman, M.S. Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Metal Contamination in Surface Water around Dhaka Export Processing Industrial Zone, Bangladesh. Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag. 2018 , 10 , 206–211. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Sun, X.; Zhang, H.; Zhong, M.; Wang, Z.; Liang, X.; Huang, T.; Huang, H. Analyses on the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Water Quality in a Seagoing River Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques: A Case Study in the Duliujian River, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019 , 16 , 1020. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ] [ Green Version ]
• Bu, H.; Tan, X.; Li, S.; Zhang, Q. Temporal and Spatial Variations of Water Quality in the Jinshui River of the South Qinling Mts., China. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2010 , 73 , 907–913. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Noori, R.; Sabahi, M.S.; Karbassi, A.R.; Baghvand, A.; Zadeh, H.T. Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Surface Water Quality Based on Correlations and Variations in the Data Set. Desalination 2010 , 260 , 129–136. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Noori, R.; Karbassi, A.; Khakpour, A.; Shahbazbegian, M.; Badam, H.M.K.; Vesali-Naseh, M. Chemometric Analysis of Surface Water Quality Data: Case Study of the Gorganrud River Basin, Iran. Environ. Model. Assess. 2012 , 17 , 411–420. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Sasakova, N.; Gregova, G.; Takacova, D.; Mojzisova, J.; Papajova, I.; Venglovsky, J.; Szaboova, T.; Kovacova, S. Pollution of Surface and Ground Water by Sources Related to Agricultural Activities. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2018 , 2 , 42. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Schwarzenbach, R.P.; Egli, T.; Hofstetter, T.B.; von Gunten, U.; Wehrli, B. Global Water Pollution and Human Health. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2010 , 35 , 109–136. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Fuoco, I.; Marini, L.; de Rosa, R.; Figoli, A.; Gabriele, B.; Apollaro, C. Use of Reaction Path Modelling to Investigate the Evolution of Water Chemistry in Shallow to Deep Crystalline Aquifers with a Special Focus on Fluoride. Sci. Total Environ. 2022 , 830 , 154566. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Fuoco, I.; de Rosa, R.; Barca, D.; Figoli, A.; Gabriele, B.; Apollaro, C. Arsenic Polluted Waters: Application of Geochemical Modelling as a Tool to Understand the Release and Fate of the Pollutant in Crystalline Aquifers. J. Environ. Manag. 2022 , 301 , 113796. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Apollaro, C.; di Curzio, D.; Fuoco, I.; Buccianti, A.; Dinelli, E.; Vespasiano, G.; Castrignanò, A.; Rusi, S.; Barca, D.; Figoli, A.; et al. A Multivariate Non-Parametric Approach for Estimating Probability of Exceeding the Local Natural Background Level of Arsenic in the Aquifers of Calabria Region (Southern Italy). Sci. Total Environ. 2022 , 806 , 150345. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Ma, T.; Xie, X.; Deng, Y.; Gan, Y. Genesis of Geogenic Contaminated Groundwater: As, F and I. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021 , 51 , 2895–2933. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• 1, 9-11, 14-15, 21, 24, 31, 38, 40, 42, 45-47, 49, 52-54. Part 1 to 63 Public Safety Standards of the Republic of India: Chemical: Environmental Protection and Waste Management (CHD 32). Bureau of Indian Standards: Chennai, India, 1983–2003.
• Subhash Chandra, K.C.; Hegde, G.V. Bengaluru Water Resource Management: Challenges and Remedies ; Institute for Natural Resources Conservation, Education, Research and Training (INCERT): Bengaluru, India, 2015. [ Google Scholar ]
• Cerny, B.A.; Kaiser, H.F. A Study of A Measure of Sampling Adequacy For Factor-Analytic Correlation Matrices. Multivar. Behav. Res. 1977 , 12 , 43–47. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Pallant, J. SPSS Survival Manual ; Routledge: London, UK, 2020; ISBN 9781003117452. [ Google Scholar ]
• XLSTAT. XLSTAT: Statistical Software for Excel. Available online: https://www.xlstat.com (accessed on 24 June 2022).
• Abdi, H.; Williams, L.J. Principal Component Analysis. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat. 2010 , 2 , 433–459. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Jolliffe, I. Principal Component Analysis , 2nd ed.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2002. [ Google Scholar ]
• Williams, B.; Onsman, A.; Brown, T. Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Five-Step Guide for Novices. Australas. J. Paramed. 2010 , 8 , 3. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Yeung, I.M.H. Multivariate Analysis of the Hong Kong Victoria Harbour Water Quality Data. Environ. Monit. Assess. 1999 , 59 , 331–342. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Solidoro, C.; Pastres, R.; Cossarini, G.; Ciavatta, S. Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Water Quality Parameters in the Lagoon of Venice. J. Mar. Syst. 2004 , 51 , 7–18. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Hocking, R.R. Methods and Applications of Linear Models ; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2003; ISBN 9780471434153. [ Google Scholar ]
• Gelman, A.; Tjur, T.; McCullagh, P.; Hox, J.; Hoijtink, H.; Zaslavsky, A.M. Discussion Paper Analysis of Variance—Why It Is More Important than Ever. Ann. Stat. 2005 , 33 , 1–53. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Bellos, D.; Sawidis, T. Chemical Pollution Monitoring of the River Pinios (Thessalia—Greece). J. Environ. Manag. 2005 , 76 , 282–292. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Varol, M.; Li, S. Biotic and Abiotic Controls on CO2 Partial Pressure and CO2 Emission in the Tigris River, Turkey. Chem. Geol. 2017 , 449 , 182–193. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Hiraishi, A.; Saheki, K.; Horie, S. Relationships of Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform, and Organic Pollution Levels in the Tamagawa River. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 1984 , 50 , 991–997. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Tong, H.; Zhao, P.; Huang, C.; Zhang, H.; Tian, Y.; Li, Z. Development of Iron Release, Turbidity, and Dissolved Silica Integrated Models for Desalinated Water in Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Desalination Water Treat. 2016 , 57 , 398–407. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Todd, D.K.; Mays, L.W. Groundwater Hydrology , 3rd ed.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2005. [ Google Scholar ]

Share and Cite

Surendra Kumar, J.R.; Pakka, V.H. Surface Water Quality Assessment of the Arkavathi Reservoir Catchment and Command Area, India, through Multivariate Analysis: A Study in Seasonal and Sub-Watershed Variations. Water 2022 , 14 , 2359. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152359

Surendra Kumar JR, Pakka VH. Surface Water Quality Assessment of the Arkavathi Reservoir Catchment and Command Area, India, through Multivariate Analysis: A Study in Seasonal and Sub-Watershed Variations. Water . 2022; 14(15):2359. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152359

Surendra Kumar, Jyothi Roopa, and Vijayanarasimha Hindupur Pakka. 2022. "Surface Water Quality Assessment of the Arkavathi Reservoir Catchment and Command Area, India, through Multivariate Analysis: A Study in Seasonal and Sub-Watershed Variations" Water 14, no. 15: 2359. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152359

Article Metrics

Article access statistics, supplementary material.

• Externally hosted supplementary file 1 Doi: 10.17632/rwcw59p9g2.7 Link: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/rwcw59p9g2/7

Further Information

Mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.

Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals

• Corpus ID: 132838724

Water Management in Arkavathy basin: a situation analysis

• S. Lele , V. Srinivasan , +3 authors T. Zuhail
• Published 1 March 2013
• Environmental Science, Geography

30 Citations

Session title: urbanizing watersheds: a basin-level approach to water stress in developing cities, enhancing resilience or furthering vulnerability responses to water stress in an urbanizing basin in southern india 1, proximate and underlying drivers of socio-hydrologic change in the upper arkavathy watershed, india, adapting to climate change in rapidly urbanizing river basins: insights from a multiple-concerns, multiple-stressors, and multi-level approach, why is the arkavathy river drying a multiple-hypothesis approach in a data-scarce region, adapting or chasing water crop choice and farmers' responses to water stress in peri‐urban bangalore, india, water crisis through the analytic of urban transformation: an analysis of bangalore’s hydrosocial regimes.

• Highly Influenced

Addressing water stress through wastewater reuse: Complexities and challenges in Bangalore, India

Against the current: rewiring rigidity trap dynamics in urban water governance through civic engagement, contribution of sewage treatment to pollution abatement of urban streams, 58 references, an urban water scenario: a case study of the bangalore metropolis, karnataka, india.

• Highly Influential

Changes in Public Commons as a Consequence of Urbanization: The Agara Lake in Bangalore, India

Access to water rights, obligations and the bangalore situation, groundwater depletion and coping strategies of farming communities in hard rock areas of southern peninsular india, bacteriological assessment of groundwater in arkavathi and vrishabhavathi basins, bangalore, karnataka, hydrochemical assessment of the pollutants in groundwaters of vrishabhavathi valley basin in bangalore (india)., urban water supply in india: status, reform options and possible lessons, emerging ground water crisis in urban areas - a case study of ward no. 39, bangalore city, toxicity of vrishabhavathy river water and sediment to the growth of phaseolus vulgharis (french beans), norms and standards of municipal basic services in india, related papers.

Showing 1 through 3 of 0 Related Papers

Geographical analysis

Department of Geography & GIS

• Full-Text PDF
• Full-Text ePUB
• Full-Text XML
• How to Cite

DOI : 10.53989/bu.ga.v10i1.1

Year : 2021, Volume : 10, Issue : 1, Pages : 1-7

Original Article

Land Use Analysis in Arkavathy Watershed of Karnataka, India Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Shahnin Irfan​ ✉ 1 , Ashok D Hanjagi 2

Received Date: 02 January 2021, Accepted Date: 12 March 2021

According to FAO, World’s 33% of land has been degraded and continue to degrade even in the future. At the same time, world’s population has crossed 8 billion putting more stress on land resources. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, infrastructure development has led to shrink earths land resources. There is huge challenge how the existing land has been used in logistic way. Bangalore which is one of the fastest rising metropolitan hubs in the world is facing major crisis regarding land use. The Arkavathy river that flows through Bangalore Metropolitan is also facing the difficulties in scientific use of land. The watershed lies in the western part of Bangalore Metropolitan Region in Karnataka. Land-Use change has a noteworthy influence on watershed developments such as hydrology, soil loss, carbon confiscation, etc. Hence, the study emphases on the Land use of Arkavathy watershed of Karnataka, India. This study tries to attempt and highlight the change in Land use of the watershed in last three decades. The drastic change in the watershed in last few many years has wider ramification on the environment on regional scale. Multispectral satellite data obtained from Landsat 4 for 2001, IRS P6 LISS IV for and Sentinel-2 for 2018 to classify the watershed. The watershed has been classified into six major classes viz. Agricultural Land, Forest or vegetation cover, Built-up, Wastelands, grazingland and waterbodies. The overall, set-up presented by the study discloses that the land use change is quite visible throughout the study area.

Keywords:  Land use, watershed, Change, development

• Rawat  JS,  MK.   Monitoring land use/cover change using remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study of Hawalbagh block, district Almora, Uttarakhand, India .  The Egyptian journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science .  2015;18 (1) : 77 – 84 . Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2015.02.002
• Dinka  MO.   Analysing decadal land use/cover dynamics of the Lake Basaka catchment (Main Ethiopian Rift) using LANDSAT imagery and GIS .  Lakes & Reservoirs Research & Management .  2012;17 (1) . Available from:  10.1111/j.1440-1770.2012.00493.x
• Shah  AI,  Sen  S,  MUDD,  Kumar  V.   Land-Use/ Land-Cover Change Detection and Analysis in Aglar Watershed, Uttarakhand .  Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology .  2017;24 (1) : 1 – 11 . Available from:  https://doi.org/10.9734/CJAST/2017/36019
• Skidmore  AK.   Expert system classifies eucalypt forest types using thematic mapper data and a digital terrain model .  Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing .  1989;55 (10) : 1149 – 1464 .

© 2021 Irfan & Hanjagi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Published By Bangalore University , Bengaluru, Karnataka

• 30 May 2022

How to cite this paper

Irfan S, Hanjagi AD. (2021). Land Use Analysis in Arkavathy Watershed of Karnataka, India Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Geographical Analysis. 10(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.53989/bu.ga.v10i1.1

More articles

Geographical Analysis of Slums: A Case Study of Venkateshwara Slum ...

12 March 2024

GENDER BASED ASSESSMENT OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN MYSORE CITY

10 December 2021

LAND UTILIZATION CHANGES IN RAMANAGARA DISTRICT: A GEOGRAPHICAL APP...

22 December 2021

LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGES IN MYDANAHALLI VILLAGE

23 December 2021

WATER AVALIBILITY CALENDAR AND CROP MANAGEMENT OF THE PENNAR RIVER ...

08 February 2022

GROWTH AND CHANGES OF LITERACY AND SEX RATIO IN SATARA DISTRICT, MA...

02 June 2024

Impact Analysis of Urbanization and Industrialization on Water Qual...

03 April 2023

EMERGING MICRO-IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMING SYSTEM...

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS FOR INTEGRATED LAND...

11 February 2022

A Geographical Analysis of Agricultural Conditions in Chamarajanaga...

27 October 2021

DON'T MISS OUT!

Subscribe now for latest articles and news.

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Water management in Arkavathy basin: A situation analysis

Related Papers

E&D Discussion Paper

Veena Srinivasan , Priyanka Jamwal

Dr. Amartya Kumar Bhattacharya

Dr.Aravinda P T

Vrishabhavathi Watershed is a constituent of the Arkavathi River Basin, Bangalore Urban and Ramanagara District and covers an area of 360.62 Km2, representing seasonally dry tropical climate. In Vrishabhavathi catchment Vrishabhavathi River is the main source of surface water source which is tributary of River Arkavathy, which joins the Cauvery River at Mekedatu near sangama. Earlier this holy water was mainly used for agricultural purpose and drinking purpose. The Catchment lies in Bangalore urban and Bangalore rural area. The stream which flows in urban region receives a lot of waste water released from industrial and domestic areas. The water is highly polluted and generates lot of foul smell in the flow stretch in urban region. An attempt has been made to identify the potential sites for detention ponds along the Vrishabhavathi River which will be used to maintain the acceptable water quality for sewage Irrigation. For this analysis we need the Base map and thematic maps such as Drainage map, Land use /land cover map and Vrishabhavathi River geometry map. Remote sensing and GIS is useful tool to identify the suitable sites for detention ponds along the River. By assigning the weights to point feature in Vrishabhavathi River geometry map, then calculating suitability indices potential sites for detention ponds are identified .The water stored in the detention ponds are continuously treated with minimum cost and allowed to flow in the downstream for further oxidation. At suitable location water can be lifted up to suitable near water body and used for sewage irrigation.

Geological Society of India Special Publication No. 3

Sunando Bandyopadhyay , Sayantan Das , Nabendu Sekhar Kar , Jayanta Sen

West Bengal (88,752 km²) is the only Indian state that stretches from the Himalaya to the Bay of Bengal. It can be divided into nine physiographic provinces of which the Himalayas, the western plateaus, the northern and western alluvial fans and the Ganga delta are most important. The development of the river system of the state was largely governed by tectonic evolution of the eastern Himalaya and western edges of the Bengal basin. The characteristics of the rivers as well as a number of aspects of water resources of the state can be linked to its physiographic regions. The principal issues associated with water in West Bengal include river degeneration, channel shifting, flood, urban waterlogging, drought, pollution, groundwater depletion and inland navigation. The management of water is practised by river impoundment projects in various scales and by drainage schemes. It is estimated that the western and eastern parts of the state are most water stressed regions due to climatic and human factors, respectively. The solution to many of the water-related problems of West Bengal, progressive or cyclic, can be addressed by putting emphasis on participatory management besides government intervention.

Sharachchandra (Sharad) Lele

vladimir smakhtin

SUSANTA BISWAS

Sharachchandra (Sharad) Lele , Veena Srinivasan

Water planning decisions are only as good as our ability to explain historical trends and make reasonable predictions of future water availability. But predicting water availability can be a challenge in rapidly growing regions, where human modifications of land and waterscapes are changing the hydrologic system. Yet, many regions of the world lack the long-term hydrologic monitoring records needed to understand past changes and predict future trends. We investigated this “predictions under change” problem in the data-scarce Thippagondanahalli (TG Halli) catchment of the Arkavathy sub-basin in southern India. Inflows into TG Halli reservoir have declined sharply since the 1970s. The causes of the drying are poorly understood, resulting in misdirected or counter-productive management responses. Five plausible hypotheses that could explain the decline were tested using data from field surveys and secondary sources: (1) changes in rainfall amount, seasonality and intensity; (2) increases in temperature; (3) groundwater extraction; (4) expansion of eucalyptus plantations; and (5) fragmentation of the river channel. Our results suggest that groundwater pumping, expansion of eucalyptus plantations and, to a lesser extent, channel fragmentation are much more likely to have caused the decline in surface flows in the TG Halli catchment than changing climate. The multiple-hypothesis approach presents a systematic way to quantify the relative contributions of proximate anthropogenic and climate drivers to hydrological change. The approach not only makes a meaningful contribution to the policy debate but also helps prioritize and design future research. The approach is a first step to conducting use-inspired socio-hydrologic research in a watershed.

dinesh marothia , adikant Pradhan

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 01 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Topographical and other constraints further limit the utilizable quantity of water which rapid growth in the demand for water due to rise in population, increased pace of urbanization and industrialization is posing serious challenges in providing food and water security. King Dalpatdev Kaktiya was a king from the Kakatiya dynasty who made reservoir in north-west part of Jagdalpur and named Dalpatsagar is now being affected badly by city expansion and draining sewage into the reservoir. Earlier the people settled at top of the toposequence which supported for run off flow but expansion of city on catchment areas created problem. For assessing effect of Dalpatsagar on water resource, the data on 121 dugwells and borewells were taken under consideration of depth pre (April-May) and post (October-November) monsoon observations during 2015-16 along with locations in Jagdalpur city. In which 121 dugwells, 6...

Strategic Analyses of the …

Luna Bharati

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

RELATED PAPERS

IOSR Journals

Malcolm Cooper

ssknaidu Naidu

TJPRC Publication

International Journal of Water Resources Development

Jayanta Bandyopadhyay

Prasad Thenkabail

Current Science

Archana Pandey

Sreedhar Acharya

satish kolluru

Journal of Sustainable Urbanization, Planning and Progress

Seema Mundoli

Rethinking the Mosaic: …

Dr Srinivas Mudrakartha

Andrew M. Bauer

Applied Geology Gandhigram

Environmental Geology

Wahab Salami

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research

Prathima Reddy

Quaestiones Geographicae

Kshitij Mohan

European Review of Agricultural Economics

Ashok Swain

pandith madhnure

Shyamal Dutta

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

Article  

• Volume 19, issue 4
• HESS, 19, 1905–1917, 2015
• Peer review
• Related articles
• Predictions under change: water, earth, and biota in the anthropocene...

Why is the Arkavathy River drying? A multiple-hypothesis approach in a data-scarce region

V. srinivasan, s. thompson, k. madhyastha, g. penny, k. jeremiah, s. lele.

Abstract. Water planning decisions are only as good as our ability to explain historical trends and make reasonable predictions of future water availability. But predicting water availability can be a challenge in rapidly growing regions, where human modifications of land and waterscapes are changing the hydrologic system. Yet, many regions of the world lack the long-term hydrologic monitoring records needed to understand past changes and predict future trends. We investigated this "predictions under change" problem in the data-scarce Thippagondanahalli (TG Halli) catchment of the Arkavathy sub-basin in southern India. Inflows into TG Halli reservoir have declined sharply since the 1970s. The causes of the drying are poorly understood, resulting in misdirected or counter-productive management responses. Five plausible hypotheses that could explain the decline were tested using data from field surveys and secondary sources: (1) changes in rainfall amount, seasonality and intensity; (2) increases in temperature; (3) groundwater extraction; (4) expansion of eucalyptus plantations; and (5) fragmentation of the river channel. Our results suggest that groundwater pumping, expansion of eucalyptus plantations and, to a lesser extent, channel fragmentation are much more likely to have caused the decline in surface flows in the TG Halli catchment than changing climate. The multiple-hypothesis approach presents a systematic way to quantify the relative contributions of proximate anthropogenic and climate drivers to hydrological change. The approach not only makes a meaningful contribution to the policy debate but also helps prioritize and design future research. The approach is a first step to conducting use-inspired socio-hydrologic research in a watershed.

• Article (PDF, 1679 KB)
• Article (1679 KB)

• Full-text XML

• Communities
• Nation / World

Pollution from East Palestine derailment last year spread as far as Wisconsin, study finds

Pollution from last year's fiery train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio carried to more than a dozen states — reaching as far as Wisconsin, new research shows.

The Feb. 3, 2023, accident, in which about 50 Norfolk Southern train cars crashed into each other and started a fire, had massive environmental impacts on the surrounding community because some of the cars released toxic materials into the air and water .

A study released this week by researchers from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, housed at Wisconsin's state hygiene lab, tracked contaminants that rose into the air and fell across other parts of the country by rain or snow.

That process happens because of a process called atmospheric deposition, which occurs when pollutants in the air get absorbed by precipitation. When rain or snow comes through, it effectively washes the atmosphere clean, said program coordinator David Gay, the lead researcher on the study. It's why the sky usually looks bluer afterward.

Gay said he was "bowled over" when his analysis showed traces of the fire in the snow that fell in Wisconsin the week of the derailment. Though the contaminant concentrations were low enough they wouldn't have done damage to people or the environment, he called it a good reminder to the public.

"It's more evidence that we're all tied together," he said. "Just because an accident happens in Ohio doesn't mean it can't make it to Wisconsin."

More: Rail merger means more hazardous materials shipped along upper Mississippi River

The National Atmospheric Deposition Program collects rain and snow before it hits the ground at 260 sites across North America, helping researchers determine where pollution is coming from and where it goes. In this case, Gay said, the team was looking for chloride, because train cars containing vinyl chloride had been set on fire to avert a larger explosion.

The concentrations of chloride they found in the rain and snow samples were much higher than normal the week of the accident, as were the pH of the samples and concentrations of sodium and calcium, which are common in fire suppressants. These elevated concentrations ranged as far east as Maine, as far south as Virginia and North Carolina, and as far west as Wisconsin. (Gay said he set Wisconsin as the western boundary of the samples he examined, so it's possible the pollutants actually could have traveled further.)

The researchers also examined the direction of the wind that week to back up their findings. Modeling from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration showed the air flowed both northeast and southeast from the site of the derailment and there was a low-pressure center over Lake Michigan, Gay said. The low-pressure center would have blown air from Ohio north, and then west.

Finally, researchers ruled out other factors that could have caused the higher chloride concentrations, like road salt. The concentrations fell back into normal range a few weeks after the derailment.

Gay said detailed monitoring is critical to tracking how far these pollutants can travel. In 2011, when a tsunami flooded Japan's Fukushima Daichii Nuclear Power Plant and caused radioactive material to leak into the atmosphere, dustings of radionuclides were found in about one-fifth of rain and snow samples across the U.S.

Madeline Heim is a  Report for America  corps reporter who writes about environmental issues in the Mississippi River watershed and across Wisconsin. Contact her at 920-996-7266 or  [email protected] .