Critical Thinking
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- What Is Critical Thinking? | Definition & Examples
What Is Critical Thinking? | Definition & Examples
Published on May 30, 2022 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on May 31, 2023.
Critical thinking is the ability to effectively analyze information and form a judgment .
To think critically, you must be aware of your own biases and assumptions when encountering information, and apply consistent standards when evaluating sources .
Critical thinking skills help you to:
- Identify credible sources
- Evaluate and respond to arguments
- Assess alternative viewpoints
- Test hypotheses against relevant criteria
Table of contents
Why is critical thinking important, critical thinking examples, how to think critically, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about critical thinking.
Critical thinking is important for making judgments about sources of information and forming your own arguments. It emphasizes a rational, objective, and self-aware approach that can help you to identify credible sources and strengthen your conclusions.
Critical thinking is important in all disciplines and throughout all stages of the research process . The types of evidence used in the sciences and in the humanities may differ, but critical thinking skills are relevant to both.
In academic writing , critical thinking can help you to determine whether a source:
- Is free from research bias
- Provides evidence to support its research findings
- Considers alternative viewpoints
Outside of academia, critical thinking goes hand in hand with information literacy to help you form opinions rationally and engage independently and critically with popular media.
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Critical thinking can help you to identify reliable sources of information that you can cite in your research paper . It can also guide your own research methods and inform your own arguments.
Outside of academia, critical thinking can help you to be aware of both your own and others’ biases and assumptions.
Academic examples
However, when you compare the findings of the study with other current research, you determine that the results seem improbable. You analyze the paper again, consulting the sources it cites.
You notice that the research was funded by the pharmaceutical company that created the treatment. Because of this, you view its results skeptically and determine that more independent research is necessary to confirm or refute them. Example: Poor critical thinking in an academic context You’re researching a paper on the impact wireless technology has had on developing countries that previously did not have large-scale communications infrastructure. You read an article that seems to confirm your hypothesis: the impact is mainly positive. Rather than evaluating the research methodology, you accept the findings uncritically.
Nonacademic examples
However, you decide to compare this review article with consumer reviews on a different site. You find that these reviews are not as positive. Some customers have had problems installing the alarm, and some have noted that it activates for no apparent reason.
You revisit the original review article. You notice that the words “sponsored content” appear in small print under the article title. Based on this, you conclude that the review is advertising and is therefore not an unbiased source. Example: Poor critical thinking in a nonacademic context You support a candidate in an upcoming election. You visit an online news site affiliated with their political party and read an article that criticizes their opponent. The article claims that the opponent is inexperienced in politics. You accept this without evidence, because it fits your preconceptions about the opponent.
There is no single way to think critically. How you engage with information will depend on the type of source you’re using and the information you need.
However, you can engage with sources in a systematic and critical way by asking certain questions when you encounter information. Like the CRAAP test , these questions focus on the currency , relevance , authority , accuracy , and purpose of a source of information.
When encountering information, ask:
- Who is the author? Are they an expert in their field?
- What do they say? Is their argument clear? Can you summarize it?
- When did they say this? Is the source current?
- Where is the information published? Is it an academic article? Is it peer-reviewed ?
- Why did the author publish it? What is their motivation?
- How do they make their argument? Is it backed up by evidence? Does it rely on opinion, speculation, or appeals to emotion ? Do they address alternative arguments?
Critical thinking also involves being aware of your own biases, not only those of others. When you make an argument or draw your own conclusions, you can ask similar questions about your own writing:
- Am I only considering evidence that supports my preconceptions?
- Is my argument expressed clearly and backed up with credible sources?
- Would I be convinced by this argument coming from someone else?
If you want to know more about ChatGPT, AI tools , citation , and plagiarism , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
- ChatGPT vs human editor
- ChatGPT citations
- Is ChatGPT trustworthy?
- Using ChatGPT for your studies
- What is ChatGPT?
- Chicago style
- Paraphrasing
 Plagiarism
- Types of plagiarism
- Self-plagiarism
- Avoiding plagiarism
- Academic integrity
- Consequences of plagiarism
- Common knowledge
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
Critical thinking skills include the ability to:
You can assess information and arguments critically by asking certain questions about the source. You can use the CRAAP test , focusing on the currency , relevance , authority , accuracy , and purpose of a source of information.
Ask questions such as:
- Who is the author? Are they an expert?
- How do they make their argument? Is it backed up by evidence?
A credible source should pass the CRAAP test  and follow these guidelines:
- The information should be up to date and current.
- The author and publication should be a trusted authority on the subject you are researching.
- The sources the author cited should be easy to find, clear, and unbiased.
- For a web source, the URL and layout should signify that it is trustworthy.
Information literacy refers to a broad range of skills, including the ability to find, evaluate, and use sources of information effectively.
Being information literate means that you:
- Know how to find credible sources
- Use relevant sources to inform your research
- Understand what constitutes plagiarism
- Know how to cite your sources correctly
Confirmation bias is the tendency to search, interpret, and recall information in a way that aligns with our pre-existing values, opinions, or beliefs. It refers to the ability to recollect information best when it amplifies what we already believe. Relatedly, we tend to forget information that contradicts our opinions.
Although selective recall is a component of confirmation bias, it should not be confused with recall bias.
On the other hand, recall bias refers to the differences in the ability between study participants to recall past events when self-reporting is used. This difference in accuracy or completeness of recollection is not related to beliefs or opinions. Rather, recall bias relates to other factors, such as the length of the recall period, age, and the characteristics of the disease under investigation.
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PHIL 103: Critical Thinking: Introduction
- Introduction
- Selecting a topic
- Turning your topic into a search strategy
- Searching for information resources
- Evaluating your sources
- Citing your sources
- Getting help
Your assignment
- identify a controversial topic currently under discussion in your local or wider community;
- research the topic you are going to write about;
- use at least 5 different sources for your research paper, including newspaper articles, opinion papers, interviews, or academic articles;
- make sure your sources are reliable;
- cite your sources using a citation style of your choice.
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PHI 103: Critical Thinking_Spring 2020 Exam 1. Premise Indicators: - practice: p7. Click the card to flip 👆. list 5. Premise: statements that set forth the reasons / evidence in an argument. Since. As indicated by. Because.
Phi 103 Exam 1 -. Definitions or explanations of "what is philosophy?" Click the card to flip 👆. Thinking of the world and of the big questions in life with critical thinking. It is something one does; an activity that engages and sharpens our reasoning.
A judgment about a person or thing based solely on the person or thing being a member of a group or of a certain type.
This course introduces students to the elements of logical reasoning and aims to develop students' analytical and critical thinking abilities. Students will develop reasoning skills to rigorously analyze, identify, and evaluate different types of arguments found in ordinary language. Basic concepts include deduction, induction, soundness, validity, invalidity, formal and informal fallacies ...
critical thinking ANSWERS jadira vargas phi 103 professor favia february 2019 exercise is critical thinking primarily concerned with what you think or how you. ... Critical Thinking (PHI 103) University Nassau Community College. Academic year: 2017/2018. Uploaded by: AM. Andrew Monteserrato. Nassau Community College. 0 followers.
PHI 103 NOTES CHAPTERS 1-Analytical thinking is the kind of thinking mostly used in academia, science, and law When we think strategically, our focus is to first lay out a master plan of action and then break it down into smaller goals that are organized in such a way as to support our outcomes. critical thinking= The activity of careful assessment and self-assessment that employs logical ...
3 credits. $122 per credit. in-county, fees apply. Online. Is a course that focuses on fundamental principles of reasoning and rationality, with emphasis on logic, argumentation, and real-world applications. Students explore reasoning strategies to analyze and construct effective, evidence-based arguments in dynamic social, ethical, scientific ...
The PHI 103 lecture notes 1 document discusses the power of critical thinking, defining it as the process of analyzing and evaluating information in order to ... and evaluate information in a way that is logical, clear, and accurate. Critical thinking helps individuals to make sound decisions, solve problems effectively, and communicate their ...
Critical thinking is the ability to effectively analyze information and form a judgment. To think critically, you must be aware of your own biases and assumptions when encountering information, and apply consistent standards when evaluating sources. Critical thinking skills help you to: Identify credible sources. Evaluate and respond to arguments.
Phi 103 exam 5. 98 terms. ashley_beth45. Preview. Motivation and Leadership Concepts. 38 terms. kellyapple692. Preview. Arabic Grammar Notes. 14 terms. maddo_ali. ... truth *Acquiring the power to choose what we accept based on the best available reasoning Applying the principles of critical thinking to life can have many benefits. Among those ...
Your assignment. identify a controversial topic currently under discussion in your local or wider community; research the topic you are going to write about; use at least 5 different sources for your research paper, including newspaper articles, opinion papers, interviews, or academic articles; make sure your sources are reliable;
Includes methods for analyzing various types of claims and arguments; the connections between language and logic; deductive, inductive, and abductive patterns of inference; sources of bias; and fallacies or errors of reasoning. Emphasizes writing with attention to the methods and standards of critical thinking. Units: 3. Degree Credit.
PHIL 103: Critical Reasoning Instructor: Rebekah Sinclair E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Course Description: It will come as no surprise that we tend to be the kind of beings who really, really like having and sharing opinions, discussing things, and making arguments. Technically and philosophically, an
Shutter Island EC - This was an Extra Credit Assignment. Flexi Quiz - Exam 1 PHI - 103 Into to Philosophy and Ethics Fall 2023. Show 6 more documents. Show all 14 documents... Studying PHI-103 Intro to Philosophy and Ethics at Grand Canyon University? On Studocu you will find 342 assignments, 220 coursework, 217 essays and much more for.
Used to sway thinking by masquerading a claim as a definition. Too broad, narrow, or persuasive. It negatively affects the claim the definition is supposed to be helping. An attempt to convince someone that a claim (conclusion) is true. The other claims are the premises and are provided as reasons for believing that the conclusion is true.
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PHIL 103 - Critical Thinking. Credits 3 Introduction to critical thinking. This course helps students use key distinctions to think critically about concepts, evidence, and inferences so they can distinguish good from bad reasoning in a wide variety of contexts and disciplines. Critical thinking skills are taught through the analysis of ...
Final paper PHI 103 Informal Logic; Week 4 - Learning Activity; PHI103Assignments Week 5 - Final Paper ... A guide to critical thinking. Bridgepoint Education. Chapter 3: Deductive Reasoning o 3: Basic Concepts in Deductive Reasoning o 3: Evaluating Deductive Arguments o 3: Types of Deductive Arguments o Chapter 3 Summary and Resources The full ...
an argument that reasons from known premises to an inevitable conclusion. intended to establish the truth with absolute certainty. inductive argument. an argument that is supposed to offer probable support to its conclusion. confer an added likelihood to the truth of the conclusion; these are called. analytically.
PHI 1103. Critical and Creative Thinking. In this course, students learn and apply the concepts and principles of good reasoning and critical thinking in natural language. Students identify logical and critical thinking concepts. They gain practical experience by applying these concepts in engaging discussions and compelling papers, where they ...
A set of premises given in support of a conclusion. The principle of charity in logic is __________. the idea that we should interpret the argument or objection in the strongest way possible. What fallacy is committed by the following: "You can either invest in this company or you can be a fool." False Dilemma.
Related documents. Mind Body Essay Philosophy 103; 00132215 - What is critical thinking essay; PHI-103-Radical Skepticism and Scientism; Radical Skepticism and Scientism Reflection