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Mastering the Phrase: How to Say Homework in Japanese

Are you looking to expand your Japanese language skills? Learning how to express academic tasks like “homework” in Japanese is a great place to start. In this section, we will guide you through the different ways to say “homework” in Japanese, providing you with the necessary tools to communicate more effectively in the language.

Although it may seem simple, expressing “homework” in Japanese is not as straightforward as you may think. Japanese has multiple words and expressions for this concept, depending on the context and level of formality. But fear not! By the end of this article, you will know how to say “homework” in Japanese like a pro.

So, are you ready to learn the Japanese word for homework and other relevant phrases? Let’s get started!

How to Say Homework in Japanese

When it comes to expressing the concept of homework in Japanese, there are various phrases and expressions you can use. Here are some common ways to say “homework” in Japanese:

Note that the word “宿題” (shukudai) is the most commonly used term for “homework” in Japanese. However, the other phrases can also be used depending on the context and level of formality.

How to Say Homework in Japanese in Different Contexts

Depending on the situation, the appropriate Japanese phrase for “homework” may vary. Here are some examples:

• If you want to ask your teacher about the homework: 「今日の宿題は何ですか？」(Kyou no shukudai wa nan desu ka?) which means “What is today’s homework?”
• If you want to tell a friend that you have homework to do: 「宿題があるんだよ」(Shukudai ga aru n da yo) which means “I have homework to do.”
• If you want to express that the homework is difficult: 「宿題が難しいです」(Shukudai ga muzukashii desu) which means “The homework is difficult.”

By using these phrases in the appropriate context, you can effectively communicate about homework in Japanese.

Japanese Vocabulary for Homework

As mentioned earlier, the Japanese language has multiple words and expressions for “homework”, depending on the context and level of formality. Here are some of the most commonly used vocabulary words and phrases related to homework in Japanese:

It’s important to note that the pronunciation of each word and phrase can vary depending on the speaker’s region and dialect, so it’s best to listen to native speakers for proper pronunciation.

Homework Phrase in Japanese

The most commonly used phrase for “homework” in Japanese is “shukudai” (宿題), which is also the most casual and familiar. For a more formal or academic context, “kadai” (課題) can be used instead.

In addition to these phrases, Japanese educators may use the term “jishu gakushu” (自主学習) when referring to self-study or homework outside of class. Students may also use the phrases “yoshu” (予習) for preparing for a lesson and “fukushu” (復習) for reviewing material covered in class or for exams.

By familiarizing yourself with these vocabulary words and phrases, you can accurately express and discuss homework in Japanese conversations.

Ways to Express Homework in Japanese

Japanese has multiple words and expressions for “homework” depending on the context and level of formality. Here are some common ways to express homework in Japanese :

In addition to the words listed above, there are also many expressions commonly used to talk about homework in Japanese. Here are some examples:

• しゅくだいのりょうがおおい
• The amount of homework is large
• まいばんしゅくだいをする
• To do homework every night
• しゅくだいをほうちする
• To leave homework undone

By learning these variations for expressing homework in Japanese, you can showcase your language prowess and effectively communicate about academic tasks in various contexts.

Pronunciation and Usage Tips

Now that you know how to say homework in Japanese and have familiarized yourself with the related vocabulary and expressions, it’s important to understand how to pronounce these phrases correctly.

The Japanese word for homework is しゅくだい (shukudai). To pronounce it correctly, begin with the “shu” sound, which is similar to the English “shoe” sound, but with a slightly shorter duration. Next, move on to the “ku” sound, which is similar to the English “koo” sound. Finally, say “dai” with a long “i” sound, similar to the English word “die.”

Another word commonly used for homework in Japanese is 宿題 (shukudai). To pronounce this word, start with “shu” as before, then say “ku” and “dai” as you did previously. The final syllable “kai” is pronounced with a long “i” sound as in the English word “high.”

It’s important to note that Japanese has different levels of politeness and formality, and the appropriate word choice and expressions will depend on the context and situation. For example, if you want to ask a friend if they have any homework, you might use the phrase “shukudai aru?” which means “Do you have homework?” In a more formal setting, you may use “shukudai ga arimasu ka?” which has the same meaning, but with a higher level of politeness.

By paying attention to pronunciation and using the appropriate level of formality, you can effectively communicate about homework in Japanese. Keep practicing and soon you’ll be a master of the phrase!

Summary and Conclusion

In conclusion, learning the various ways to express “homework” in Japanese is an essential part of mastering the language. The Japanese language has multiple words for homework, and it’s important to understand the context and level of formality when choosing which phrase to use.

By familiarizing yourself with the specific vocabulary and expressions related to homework in Japanese, you can effectively communicate about academic tasks in various contexts. Additionally, understanding the correct pronunciation of these phrases will enhance your language skills and improve your overall communication in Japanese.

We hope this article has provided you with valuable insights into the different ways to say “homework” in Japanese and has helped you improve your language proficiency. Remember to practice and use these phrases in your Japanese conversations to further enhance your skills!

Q: How do you say “homework” in Japanese?

A: The word for “homework” in Japanese is “宿題” (しゅくだい, shukudai).

Q: Are there any other ways to express “homework” in Japanese?

A: Yes, besides “宿題” (しゅくだい, shukudai), you can also use the phrases “宿題をする” (しゅくだいをする, shukudai o suru) which means “to do homework,” or “宿題を出す” (しゅくだいをだす, shukudai o dasu) which means “to assign homework.”

Q: How do you pronounce “宿題”?

A: “宿題” (しゅくだい, shukudai) is pronounced as “shoo-koo-die” in English.

Q: Can you provide an example sentence using the word “宿題”?

A: Sure! An example sentence could be “毎晩、宿題をします” (まいばん、しゅくだいをします, Maiban, shukudai o shimasu) which means “I do homework every night.”

Q: Are there any other words or phrases related to homework in Japanese?

A: Yes, some related words and phrases include “テストの勉強” (てすとのべんきょう, tesuto no benkyou) for “studying for a test” and “レポートを書く” (れぽーとをかく, repooto o kaku) for “writing a report.”

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How to Say Homework in Japanese: A Comprehensive Guide

Welcome to our guide on how to say “homework” in Japanese! Whether you are a student looking to communicate with Japanese classmates or simply interested in expanding your vocabulary, this article will provide you with formal and informal ways to express this concept. We will also explore regional variations, share useful tips, and provide plenty of examples to help you grasp the nuances of this term. Let’s dive in!

Informal Ways to Say Homework

In everyday casual conversations, the Japanese language offers a few expressions for referring to homework. These include:

• Kudamono : This informal term is derived from “くだもの,” which means “fruit” in Japanese. While it literally translates to “fruit,” it is used colloquially by some younger individuals to refer to homework.
• Benkyou no shuu : “勉強の週,” or “study week” in English, is another common informal phrase to describe homework. It implies a period of time dedicated to studying and completing assignments.

Example sentences:

“明日の授業のために、くだものが山ほどあります。” (For tomorrow’s class, I have a mountain of homework.) “この週末は、勉強の週を過ごそうと思います。” (I am planning to spend this weekend doing my homework.)

Formal Ways to Say Homework

If you are in a more formal setting, it is important to use suitable language. Below are some formal ways to express the idea of homework:

• Shukudai : This is the most commonly used term for homework in Japanese. It is a straightforward and neutral word that can be used in any context.
• Gakushu Shukudai : By adding the word “gakushu” before “shukudai,” you emphasize that it is a learning-related assignment.
• Kadai : “課題” is an alternative word for homework that is often used in academic settings. It signifies assignments or tasks given by teachers for students to complete outside of class.

“毎晩、しゅくだいをするのは大変ですが、頑張ります。” (Doing homework every night is tough, but I will do my best.) “学習しゅくだいを提出するのを忘れないようにしましょう。” (Let’s make sure not to forget to submit our learning assignments.) “今夜の宿題は数学のレポートを書くことです。” (Tonight’s homework is to write a math report.)

Regional Variations

While the terms mentioned above are universally understood throughout Japan, there may be regional variations in pronunciation or colloquialism. However, such variations are minimal when it comes to the word “homework.” Thus, it is not necessary to focus on regional differences for this specific term.

Tips for Expressing Homework

Here are some useful tips to keep in mind when discussing homework in Japanese:

• When in doubt, using the term “shukudai” is always a safe option. It is widely recognized and understood across all settings.
• If you feel more comfortable with an informal group, you can opt for “kudamono” or “benkyou no shuu.”
• Remember to adjust your language based on the formality of the situation. Using formal language in academic and professional environments shows respect and politeness.
• Practice using different words for homework to diversify your vocabulary and become more fluent in Japanese.

By following these tips, you will be able to navigate various situations confidently and effectively convey the concept of homework in Japanese.

Congratulations! You now have a comprehensive understanding of how to say “homework” in Japanese. From informal expressions like “kudamono” and “benkyou no shuu” to formal terms like “shukudai” and “kadai,” you can choose the most appropriate word based on the context and level of formality. Remember to adapt your language to the situation and always aim for clear and polite communication. With practice, you will continue to enhance your Japanese language skills. Ganbatte kudasai (Good luck)!

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Classroom Expressions

The expressions in this lesson are specific to the school environment, and can safely be skipped if you are an adult learner studying on your own.

Recommended background:

• A Guide to Japanese Pronunciation

Starting and Ending Class

When starting class in a Japanese classroom (up through high school), every student stands up and bows to show respect to the teacher. When the bell rings, a predesignated student will lead the process with the following instructions.

Note: some of the vowels in these expressions are devoiced – can you figure out which ones?

The teacher will generally bow too, and then begin class. When the bell rings to end class, the ritual repeats.

Note that there is some variance – ki o tsuke  or chakuseki might be omitted, and in some areas the phrases themselves may be different.

Also, if you are taking a college Japanese course, you may never encounter these expressions at all. Why? Because they aren’t used in college in Japan either – there’s less of a perceived need for imposing order in a college classroom.

You’ll learn how to make commands out of any verb later on, but for now here are a few you should know.

In case you’re wondering where these phrases come from:

• kurikaesu  means to repeat
• ki o tsukeru  is an idomatic expression meaning “to pay attention”
• shizuka ni suru means “to make something quiet” (yourself in this case)
• dasu  means “to put/take out”

Don’t concern yourself with the conjugation pattern right now, but you should be aware that a verb ending with “te” can be used as a command (among other things), and the “kudasai” afterwords means something like “do for me” and makes the command polite.

Other Expressions

Here are a few common requests that you might make as a student.

Here, the adjective  ii  means “good” or “OK”, and  dame  means “no good”. The te mo (or de mo ) part literally means “even if I…” and ii desu ka  means “is it alright?”. So a request in Japanese is always of the form “Is it alright if I…”.

Finally, here’s one expression that you will hopefully hear a lot.

Names and Introductions

Greetings and Other Expressions

The Structure of a Japanese Sentence

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Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Japanese and How To Use Them Never mix them up again!

April 17, 2018 • words written by Kristen Dexter • Art by Aya Francisco

Transitive and intransitive verbs can seem like one of the most difficult parts of learning Japanese. Just below kanji and keigo , these verb types lurk in a murky confusing place, but are found in the very earliest of Japanese lessons. Even as a super beginner, if you've learned your first verb, you've already been exposed to them. But the truth is, transitive and intransitive verbs are pretty simple to understand. You just need to have the right foundation first.

Prerequisites: This article contains basic Japanese vocabulary and grammar as well as hiragana , katakana , and some kanji with furigana. All English grammar will be explained.

私は ドア を 開けました 。

• ドアが 開きました 。

飲む To Drink

生きる to live, transitivity pairs, is transitive and intransitive the same as active and passive voice, does が always means the verb is intransitive, aren't there simple patterns to memorize pairs, 1. learning in pairs, 2. learn as you go, 3. don't worry about it.

To start, let's break down what these words mean in English:

Based on this information, the first step to learning transitive and intransitive verbs is understanding direct objects. A direct object is whatever the verb of the sentence is acting upon . It's doing something to something else. It can be anything from a noun to an entire phrase, as long as it's what the verb is doing itself to.

Let's look at some basic examples:

Sam kicked the ball . Noun verb direct object .

We can find the direct object by asking a "what" question.

Sam kicked what? The ball . What did Sam kick ? The ball .

Sam is doing the verb kicked to the ball . That means the ball is the direct object of the sentence.

Let's look at another example:

My dad read the newspaper . Pronoun noun verb direct object .

My dad read what? The newspaper . What did my dad read ? The newspaper .

A direct object is whatever the verb of the sentence is acting upon. It's doing something to something else.

My dad is doing the verb read to the newspaper . The newspaper is the direct object.

Earlier, I said that transitive verbs have a "direct object," whereas intransitive verbs do not. Because of that, you know the above verbs were transitive verbs. They were doing something to something else. Sam kicked the ball and my dad read the newspaper .

So what does it look like when a verb does not take a direct object? When the verb is not acting upon something, or directly doing something to something else?

Sam slept . Noun verb .

You can't ask the questions "Sam slept what?" or "What did Sam sleep ?" because you can't "sleep" something, like you could kick or read something.

How about this one:

My dad worked . Pronoun noun verb .

Again, the questions "My dad worked what?" or "What did my dad work?" don't make sense here. They sound like strange questions because worked isn't a verb that can do itself to something else.

In both of these cases, slept and worked function without direct objects. This makes them intransitive verbs.

Transitive vs Intransitive in Japanese

Usually, in English, we can tell which type of verb is which through the context of the sentence and asking "what" questions, like I did above. But most verbs in English aren't solely one type or the other. For example, the verb open is a common one that can be both transitive and intransitive in English.

I opened the door . Pronoun verb direct object .

The door opened . Noun phrase verb .

The verb " open ," by itself, is not inherently more transitive than it is intransitive or vice versa. It can be used in both situations:

• A door being opened by someone or something
• A door opening by itself (like an automatic door)

Most English verbs are flexible like this, with a single word that goes both ways. In the Japanese language, however, there is a unique verb for each type of usage. It's like you have to learn two separate verbs: one transitive and one intransitive. Luckily, they are similar to each other, so it might be better to say you have to learn two different versions of the same verb, but my point is, unlike English, transitive and intransitive verbs are different from each other.

Let's look at the same " open " example above, but in Japanese this time.

私はドアを 開けました 。 Pronoun は direct object を verb .

ドアが 開きました 。 Noun が verb .

The Japanese sentences give us a little more information than their English counterparts thanks to the particles. Yes, Japanese particles are finally here to help you!

In the first sentence, we know from the particle を that there is a direct object. So when we ask the question, "What is being opened?" The answer is ドア (the door). From your studies of the particle を, you probably already know this particle always comes after a direct object. It's telling us what we are doing the verb to. Hopefully this sounds familiar, because this is exactly how we defined transitive verbs!

Put two and two together and you'll realize that if you see を, the verb following it is going to be a transitive verb! It's acting upon the direct object: ドアを開けました。

開ける is a transitive verb.

The other particle in the sentence (私は ドア を 開けました ) is は, the topic marker. I (私) am the topic of the sentence and I opened the door. "I" am what we're talking about, here. However, it's important to remember that Japanese sentences omit the topic of the sentence, unless it's absolutely necessary. So it is more common to see ドアを開けました, even though we actually mean 私はドアを開けました. The は, or the topic, is not required for you to know whether a verb is transitive or intransitive.

In this second sentence, the only particle is が, which marks the subject as new or important information. This makes ドア the subject. The subject does the verb 開きました. The door opened. The door is doing the verb, but the verb is not acting upon anything.

開く is an intransitive verb.

Looking at these two verbs side-by-side, they may even seem like the same word, except for the okurigana 送り仮名 （ ） , or the kana characters that stick outside of the kanji.

They share the same kanji and kanji reading (あ), but they don't actually have the same meaning. (While rare, not all of these pairs share the same kanji reading though, so keep that in mind.)

開ける is inherently a transitive verb. Something is doing something to something else. Without context or particles this word still means "to open something." It's almost like the word is を開ける with the particle attached and the idea that it is always acting upon a direct object is forever sticking out of the front.

開く is inherently an intransitive verb. It never does something to something else (i.e. it doesn't take a direct object). And could be thought of as meaning は/が開く or "something opens" because it's always the subject (and very rarely, the topic) that's opening.

There is one, final clue as to which verb is which in Japanese and it's in the terms for the verbs themselves.

Transitive Verb: tadōshi 他動詞 （ ） 他 (other) + 動詞 (verb) A verb done to other things.

Intransitive Verb: jidōshi 自動詞 （ ） 自 (oneself) + 動詞 (verb) A verb done by itself .

If you know the Japanese words for transitive and intransitive verbs, it's a lot easier to remember which is which. Those of you who are at Level 21 on WaniKani know what I'm talking about. If you're not there yet, here's a mnemonic to help you to remember which is which based off the English versions of the words:

A trans itive verb trans fers its action to something else. An intransitive verb does not.

Easy-peasy!

Examples of Transitive / Intransitive Verbs in Action

Let's look at some basic Japanese verbs that are easy to see as transitive or intransitive, thanks to their usage and English translations. Then we'll get into some of the more complicated examples after.

Transitive Verbs:

Remember: a transitive verb transfers its action to a direct object. It is doing something to something else.

• コーヒー を 飲みます 。
• I drink coffee .

First, ask the what question. What do you drink ?

Since you are doing the action of drinking to coffee (the direct object), you know this is a transitive verb. You have to drink something: the coffee.

• 本 を 読みました 。
• I read the book .

Let's ask that question again. What do you read ? The book !

You're doing the action of reading to the book (the direct object). You can't read nothing, so you know this is a transitive verb.

Now that you have some practice, I want you to try to do the process we did for the above two examples on your own. After all, you need to be able to do this out in the wild. I'll hold your hand a little bit, but get ready to spread your wings when I let go, little birdie. It's a long ways down and I built our nest in a broken glass factory.

• パン を 食べませんでした 。
• I didn't eat the bread .

What did you (not) eat?

What does the answer tell you about the verb?

• デパートで 新しいセーター を 買いました 。
• I bought a new sweater at the department store.

Ask your "what question."

Now, what kind of verb is it?

• 日本料理 を 作り たいです。
• I want to make Japanese food .

I think at this point you know the drill.

These were all quite easy, because the answer was always the same: these are transitive verbs, because they are trans ferring their action onto something. They all have a direct object, that thing that they are doing the verb to.

Intransitive Verbs:

Ask yourself the "what question." What are you going? Oops, that doesn't make sense.

Now that you've read all this, and you've gone through the transitive verb examples, can you define for me what an intransitive verb is? Or at the very least, can you tell me what it isn't? You'll need to be able to pull this from your brain if you want to use this knowledge in the wild, so I want you to try.

Did you do it?

Hopefully you said something along the lines of: an intransitive verb does not take a direct object. Or, an intransitive verb isn't doing something to something else.

• I'm going to school.

Ask yourself the "what question." What are you going ? Oops, that doesn't make sense. You could try to ask "where are you going" and that would make sense, but that's not a what question, meaning there's no direct object. You're not doing something to something else. 行っています is an intransitive verb.

• 東京で 働く つもりです。
• I plan to work in Tokyo.

Do you know what the "what question" is? The answer is:

"What are you work ?"

Now ask, did that make any sense? The answer is of course "no," so you know there is no direct object. This means you know that 働く is an intransitive verb.

I'm going to let go of your hand again so you can practice doing this on your own. See if you can ask the "what question" for the rest of the examples. Ask yourself if it makes sense and see if you can find a direct object. Go through the process of identifying why these are intransitive verbs.

• 今、彼が 生きている のかすら分かりません。
• I don't even know if he's alive now.
• 泣かないで ください！
• Please don't cry !
• ここで 泳いで はいけません。
• Do not swim here.

None of these sentences have direct objects and I hope you were able to figure out why.

• What do you live?
• What do you cry?
• What do you swim?

If you try to ask any of these "what" questions it won't make much sense. Give it a try and feel how unnatural the question sounds with these verbs. Just make sure you don't change the "what" to a different type of question. Sure, you will be able to ask questions that make sense, but this won't help you to identify if there's a direct object or not.

Now you know how transitive and intransitive verbs work, so let's go back to the verb "open." In English, we use open when there is a direct object and when there is not:

I opened the door. The door opened .

But in Japanese we use two verbs that look and sound similar:

私はドアを 開けました 。 ドアが 開きました 。

Each verb has its own inherent transitivity, so 開ける can only be used as a transitive verb, with a direct object, and 開く can only be used as an intransitive verb without a direct object. They both share the same concept of "open" but express slightly different meanings of "open something" and "something opens."

To break this down, let's look at some pairs that happen to have unique words in the English language too!

The first sentence is pretty simple—you dropped a glass. But let's ask a "what" question anyway.

What did you drop ? A glass .

In the second sentence a boy fell off of his chair. This is the same concept as the "drop" in the first sentence, in that something is falling through the air and hitting the floor. But in English we don't use "dropped" here, we use "fell."

Let's ask a "what" question for the second sentence.

What did he fall ?

Hmm, that doesn't make sense. And it shouldn't, because this is an intransitive verb.

The first sentence is one you'd see in a recipe book, telling you that the next step is to put water into a pot or a kettle. Let's ask our "what" questions again.

What do you put in next? The water .

The second sentence is something you'd say if you haven't bathed in a while. Let's ask a "what" question for this sentence.

What do you want to take ? A bath .

That worked. Uh oh, I said it's an intransitive verb.

But wait, this isn't what it's saying in Japanese. The particle に does not mark the direct object, instead it's expressing movement. In this case, it's your body wanting to go into a bathtub. You're entering the bath. Imagine "bath" as more of a place than an object and think back to this sentence:

• 学校に 行っています 。

It doesn't make sense to ask "What are you going ?" remember?

So let's simplify this bath sentence and ask the same question.

• お風呂に 入りたい 。
• I want to enter a bath.

What do you want to enter ?

That sentence may sound right but it should be "where" if the bath is the place you're going with に. You're entering that bath. Just like you'd go to school.

This one is a little tricky, but it's important to know that there are exceptions like this. Just remember that without を, there is no direct object, even if the English sentence makes it seem like there is. What we care about is the Japanese sentence.

Let's look at a few more examples, but this time I want you to try to make the connections yourself. See if you can identify which verb is transitive, which is intransitive, and why .

These pairs are a little easier to figure out, because in English the words actually change (sort of like in Japanese!). But there are many English words that can be both. That makes things a little more difficult. But now that you've seen the above examples, I don't think it's too big a leap for you to understand there can be different verbs for the transitive and intransitive versions of one English verb in Japanese.

Let's look at some examples of this.

Let's ask "what" for the first sentence.

What do I want to change ? My Life .

Change is being done upon my life (and I want it). My life is the direct object and this is a transitive verb.

For the second sentence it's just something my eyes do. I'm not changing my eye color, they change on their own. Let's ask our question anyway.

What does my eye color change ?

I mean, you could say "itself" but isn't that just a meta way of saying it isn't acting upon something else? This is an intransitive verb.

Instead of relying on "what" questions, let's think about these situations.

In the first sentence, you built your own house, presumably, with your own two hands. Congratulations! You have a house now and you are the one who made it happen.

In the second sentence a new apartment is being built in your neighborhood, but you're not doing it. You might not even know who's doing it. It could be aliens for all you know. And what you do know is this: being built does not have a direct object after it. It's an intransitive verb.

I'm going to let you try to figure out the rest yourself. Look at the Japanese sentence, look at the particles, and pay close attention to what's actually happening in the scenarios these sentences are explaining. Try not to rely on the "what" question anymore, because… surprise! It's a crutch.

So there you have it. To wrap all this information up in a nice bow, the differences between transitive and intransitive verbs are:

• take a direct object
• the direct object is marked with the particle を
• you can make an easy "what" question to find the direct object
• do not take a direct object
• almost always follow the particle が
• usually don't make sense with a "what" question
• there are always exceptions, especially with particles
• に and で do not mark direct objects
• English makes it harder than it needs to be so look at the Japanese sentence, not the translation

Transitive and Intransitive Verb Misconceptions

It's time to set the record straight.

I hate to even bring these up, but over my decade+ of learning and teaching Japanese I've run into the same misconceptions about transitive and intransitive verbs for what feels like hundreds of times. It's time to set the record straight.

No. Let's go over this again (or just like, scroll up a little):

Here's the definition of active voice and passive voice:

They're completely different concepts, but there can be some overlap, which seems to cause confusion. Let's look at each type of sentence to clear everything up once and for all!

• コウイチさんは ドア を 開けました 。
• Koichi opened the door .

The verb is transitive because it's doing its action to the direct object. This sentence is also in the active voice because the subject (Koichi) is doing the action of the verb (opened).

• The door opened .

The verb is intransitive because it's not affecting a direct object and this sentence is in the active voice because the subject (the door) is doing the action of the verb (opened).

コウイチさんは and ドアが are both the topic and subject of these sentences. They're both performing their verbs. They are both in the active voice.

• ドア は、コウイチさんに 開け られました 。
• The door was opened by Koichi.

The verb is transitive because it's doing its action to the direct object. But the sentence is in the passive voice because of the special verb ender られました. In English and in Japanese, we can see the direct object's placement has now been switched with the subject. It is now the subject (the door) that is being acted upon (開けられました).

So where did this misunderstanding come from?

You can thank English dictionaries for this one. If you've tried to do other reading on this subject before, or simply looked up some English translations in your Japanese dictionary, you've probably seen definitions like this from Jisho.org :

If you don't look at the example sentences (or have any idea what transitivity is) you may see "to be decided" as the only counterpoint to its partner 決める :

To decide and to be decided look like the active and passive voice versions of the verb:

Active: I need to decide on the menu . Passive: The menu was to be decided by me.

However, both of these sentences have a direct object. They are both transitive verbs.

The real meaning of these Japanese verbs are:

決める: To decide something. 決まる: Something is decided.

If you wanted to write the two active and passive sentences above in Japanese you would use 決める for both, because in both you are deciding something (the menu).

But you can't have a nice "to verb" for both of them, which is the preferred way to present information in English dictionaries. This need to fit the format, if you will, creates weird passive voice entries for Japanese words that can cause some major confusion.

As I said earlier, the passive voice is expressed by a completely different grammatical pattern in Japanese (開ける→開けられる), one that most people don't learn until the intermediate level of their studies. We aren't going to worry about it for now, but just keep in mind that transitive and intransitive verbs are not the same as active and passive voice.

No. While it's not always the case, remember the Japanese language loves to omit information. This includes implied direct objects. Sometimes you will see transitive verbs used in a sentence with the particle が but without the particle を.

• 私が高校生のころに読みました。
• When I was in high school, I read [it].

This is a perfectly grammatical Japanese sentence. It just happens to mark the subject with が and excludes the direct object [it]. However, we know 読む can only be transitive in Japanese. It needs a direct object, so even though we can't see it, the direct object is implied. Something was read in high school.

This sentence could also look like this:

• 私が高校生のころにその本を読みました。
• When I was in high school, I read the book.

Here it's easier to see the verb 読む is transitive thanks to the particles pointing out その本 as the direct object. But because of the common habit of omitting information in Japanese it's important that we don't rely solely on them. All verbs have inherent transitivity, so we don't need the direct object to tell us, because as Japanese speakers, we already know 読む is transitive.

But you're even more likely to see this:

• 高校生のころに読みました。
• [When I was] in high school, I read [it].

Now 私が and その本 are gone. But a Japanese person can still tell everything that's going on in this sentence.

Another thing to watch out for is intransitive verbs that don't take が. One example of this, that you may have noticed earlier, is this sentence:

• I want to take a bath.

The verb 入る is an intransitive verb, but it isn't using が here. In fact, 入る uses the particle に far more than the particle が and we talked more about it earlier. But we know 入る is intransitive and it isn't taking a direct object, even though the particle が is not in this sentence.

No. I can't tell you how many websites and resources try to make perfect lists showing patterns so you can memorize which verb is transitive and which is intransitive based on its okurigana.

The truth is, they're are all wrong.

They'll usually try to say things like, "If a verb ends in す it's always transitive!" Or "ある verbs are intransitive most of the time! And they change to える" and blah blah blah. But this is completely unreliable. Let's just look at the most common pattern people recommend you study:

Transitive える → Intransitive ある

This states that if you see a verb that ends in える it's transitive and if it ends in ある it's intransitive. This works with verb pairs like:

But guessing like this will only work… 20% of the time. Which means 80% of the time you're getting it wrong.

Other patterns say, okay, well then if that first pattern didn't work, then use this:

Oh oops, did we tell you える endings were transitive? They're actually intransitive sometimes too. Too bad it can also be:

And don't forget:

This is a mess.

Even making these lists was a pain in the butt and I already know these words!

Why would you torture yourself like this, trying to study weird, useless lists when you can just learn them in context? If you learn in context, you get all those wonderful markers in the original Japanese!

So please don't go looking for a list or fall for one of those "easy guess" pattern guides.

How to Learn Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

So now that you know all about transitive and intransitive verbs in Japanese, how do you go about learning them? There are a few different methods that we like. Some of them may work for you, some of them may not. Just make sure you figure out what works best for you and don't worry about the rest!

One of the simplest ways to learn the differences between these verb pairs is learning them together. Now, not all verbs have a transitive/intransitive counterpart, but there are at least 300 or so unique pairs that are commonly used in Japanese.

When you're adding them to your normal study routine, keep these points in mind:

• Make sure their meanings are accurate and different from each other
• Find collocations and study them in context (with particles!)
• Use pictures to visualize the actions taking place

If you aren't the type of person who can sit down with a list and memorize, then the next best thing is to have some simple awareness. When you're learning a new verb, look it up in the dictionary. I'd recommend looking it up in a dictionary that offers example sentences instead of simply relying on a marker for transitive or intransitive.

Then check to see if it is a part of a pair by looking up other words that use the same kanji. You don't have to learn both of them, but make sure you're using the word you are trying to learn the correct way. And as always, try to focus on native material so you can become familiar with set phrases that are used with that specific verb.

Over time you'll develop a framework around these words. As you add more information, this web of information will grow larger and connections will be made.

If you're already putting in the time and effort to study Japanese, you're going to make mistakes. Mixing up which verb is which isn't that big of a deal, in the long run. But as long as you fix those mistakes, pay attention to real world examples, use the language as much as you can, and you'll probably start automatically using the right verbs in the right places.

Over time you'll develop a framework around these words. As you add more information, it becomes an interconnected web, and this web will grow larger and more connections will be created and strung together. Like many things in Japanese (kanji, to name one) the more you know the easier it gets, thanks to the fact that your brain is excellent at identifying patterns after you input enough data. But inputting that initial data is really difficult and you just have to slog through it, little by little. Transitive and intransitive verbs fall into this category. The first handful you learn will be extra difficult, but those words will provide a foundation that will make learning future words much easier.

This is especially true if you study using sentences, collocations, and focus on native material as much as possible. The more content you're exposed to, the more things will start feeling right and wrong to you. Just like how you can tell by asking "I slept what?" that the verb "slept" isn't transitive.

No matter what method you choose, hopefully you never have trouble knowing whether a verb is transitive (direct object!) or intransitive (no direct object!) again. ❤

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How to say "You do your homework." in Japanese.

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Japanese Name Converter

Your name in Japanese katakana.

• Popular female names
• Popular male names
• Christopher

To get started, enter your name in English.

最初に、英語の名前を入力しなさい。, how does it work.

The Japanese Name Converter uses a combination of dictionary lookup, substitution rules, and machine learning to convert English characters into katakana .

Essentially, given a list of English/Japanese name pairs, the system learns a series of substitution rules to apply to the English input in order to get the Japanese output. For instance, the first rule the system learns is to replace the letter "L" with the letter "R", because there is no "L" in Japanese. Later on. more subtle rules are applied, such as "replace G with J if it's followed by an E." Here is the full list of rules .

This blog post gives more details, for those interested in a complete answer.

Hey, doofus, you messed up my name! I'm Daenerys Targaryen, and you got the last vowel wrong!

Congratulations, you took high-school Japanese. This web site was not designed for you.

The machine learning method sometimes makes mistakes. In my own tests, it had an accuracy of about 95% on a per-character basic, but your mileage may vary.

In my defense, transliteration is not an easy task, especially with a language as orthographically challenged as English. The vowel system is very irregular, and some names are even ambiguous. For instance, is Jaime pronounced /'jeɪmi:/ (JAY-mee) or /'haɪmeɪ/ (HIGH-may)?

In any case, always check with a Japanese friend before getting any badass tattoos based on this web site. And check with Mom too. Mom always knows best.

Your app fascinates me. How can I contribute to this wonderful project?

Now stop, you're going to make me blush. The code is open-source on GitHub and awaits your modifications.

You can download the Japanese Name Converter Android app from the Google Play Store.

It boasts a lot more features than this web site, including pronunciation guides, writing guides, and Kanji conversion.

Ancestry website to catalogue names of Japanese Americans incarcerated during WWII

The names of thousands of people held in Japanese American incarceration camps during World War II have been digitized and made available for free on Ancestry

LOS ANGELES -- The names of thousands of people held in Japan ese American incarceration camps during World War II have been digitized and made available for free, genealogy company Ancestry announced Wednesday.

The website, known as one of the largest global online resources of family history, is collaborating with the Irei Project, which has been working to memorialize more than 125,000 detainees. It's an ideal partnership as the project's researchers were already utilizing Ancestry. Out of over 60 billion records Ancestry holds, nearly 350,000 have been found to be pertinent to camp detainees and their families.

People will be able to look at more than just names and tell “a bigger story of a person,” said Duncan Ryūken Williams, the Irei Project director.

"Being able to research and contextualize a person who has a longer view of family history and community history, and ultimately, American history, that's what it's about — this collaboration,” Williams told told The Associated Press exclusively.

In response to the 1941 attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on Feb. 19, 1942, to allow for the incarceration of people of Japanese ancestry. The thousands of citizens — two-thirds of whom were Americans — were unjustly forced to leave their homes and relocate to camps with barracks and barbed wire. Some detainees went on to enlist in the U.S. military.

Through Ancestry, people will be able to tap into scanned documents from that era such as military draft cards, photographs from WWII and 1940s and ’50s Census records. Most of them will be accessible outside of a paywall.

Williams, a religion professor at the University of Southern California and a Buddhist priest, says Ancestry will have names that have been assiduously spell-checked. Irei Project researchers went to great efforts to verify names that were mangled on government camp rosters and other documents.

“So, our project, we say it's a project of remembrance as well as a project of repair,” Williams said. “We try to correct the historical record.”

The Irei Project debuted a massive book at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles that contains a list of verified names the week of Feb. 19, which is a Day of Remembrance for the Japanese American Community. The book, called the Ireichō, will be on display until Dec. 1. The project also launched its own website with the names as well as light installations at old camp sites and the museum.

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Where to Eat

The 25 Best Restaurants in Austin Right Now

There’s plenty of barbecue and Mexican — as you’d expect — but also world-class Japanese, Korean and more. Comments welcome, as always.

Credit... Courtney Pierce

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By Priya Krishna and Brett Anderson

• April 22, 2024

In the Where to Eat: 25 Best series, we’re highlighting our favorite restaurants in cities across the United States. These lists will be updated as restaurants close and open, and as we find new gems to recommend. As always, we pay for all of our meals and don’t accept free items.

East Austin | Wine bar

Birdie’s is not just another wine bar. Chalk that up to the partnership of Tracy Malechek-Ezekiel and her husband, Arjav Ezekiel — she’s a highly skilled chef, and he has the energy and affability of the dancing tableware in “Beauty and the Beast.” Birdie’s is the place to be whether you just want to drink something interesting or you’re planning the big night out. In Ms. Malechek-Ezekiel’s hands, simple food — a creamy vegetable soup, roasted carrots with pesto — feels anything but simple. Add to that an electric atmosphere and wine glasses that seem to magically refill themselves — you’ll want to return just to see what the couple might cook or pour next. PRIYA KRISHNA

2944 East 12th Street, Unit A; no phone; birdiesaustin.com

East Austin | Caribbean

The chef Tavel Bristol-Joseph made a name for himself in Austin with the pastries at Emmer & Rye and Hestia , which he co-owns. Here at Canje — an ode to his Guyanese roots, with a menu that also stretches across the Caribbean — he has switched gears, with brilliant results. The food is a tangy, spicy, coconutty dreamscape. Tilefish soaked in tamarind and rum butter. Prawns brushed with a verdant green seasoning and smoked chiles. A tres leches cake drenched in coconut milk. What makes the jerk chicken so supercharged with flavor? Mr. Bristol-Joseph ferments his seasoning. And plan on at least one order of the buttery Guyanese-style roti per person. PRIYA KRISHNA

1914 East Sixth Street, Suite C; 512-706-9119; canjeatx.com

Comadre Panadería

East Austin | Bakery

Hidden in an unassuming building in a residential neighborhood is the concha-meets-funfetti-pastry fever dream that is Comadre Panadería. Here, conchas dusted with Barbie-pink strawberry jamaica powder share space with a sheet cake topped with prickly-pear buttercream and a black-bean honey bun. Every creation from the baker Mariela Camacho feels simultaneously innovative and nostalgic — as if a panadería took a trip through the snack aisle of an American grocery store. PRIYA KRISHNA

1204 Cedar Avenue; no phone; comadre-panaderia.square.site

Cuantos Tacos

East Austin | Mexican, Tacos

In a city of superlative tacos, the ones that Luis “Beto” Robledo (above) makes at Cuantos stand out. It’s the choricera — a round pot with deep sides and a shallow center, commonly used for cooking the meats in their own fat — that makes the difference in these Mexico City-style tacos. The standout is the suadero, in which brisket is plucked from the pot, still dripping with juices, sliced into thick slabs and then loaded into fresh, two-bite tortillas with plenty of cilantro and onion. These tacos demand to be eaten immediately, messily and with the understanding that you’ll be ordering three more. PRIYA KRISHNA

1108 East 12th Street; 512-905-0533; cuantostacosaustin.com

Cherrywood/East Austin | Modern Texas

Locavore restaurant iconography tends toward still-life-worthy artichokes, tomatoes and gourds. Dai Due is different. Its commitment to Texas ingredients, extending from produce to its wine list, is all but unrivaled, yet the image that best captures the restaurant’s ethos is meat sizzling over live fire. The chef and owner, Jesse Griffiths, channeled his passion for Texas’ great outdoors — and more specifically the animals he hunts there — into this lusty, idiosyncratic butcher shop and chophouse. The seasonal vegetables are often very good, in no small part because they’re often cooked in tallow (as are the seasonal fried crawfish hand-pies, which are wonderful). But you’re here for what the chef de cuisine, Janie Ramirez, is grilling over Texas post oak: coffee-cured antelope leg fillets, aoudad meatballs, memorably flavorful pork chops, and quail stuffed with boudin and plated with pickled blueberries. BRETT ANDERSON

2406 Manor Road; 512-524-0688; daidue.com

South Lamar | Thai

If the chef Lakana Sopajan-Trubiana’s zippy, herbaceous and deeply comforting northeastern Thai food tastes farm-fresh, that’s because it is. Ms. Sopajan-Trubiana, who was raised on a farm in Isaan, grows many of the vegetables and herbs used in her restaurant, and her green thumb makes the Thai flavors sing. Dishes you’ve seen at other Thai restaurants, like laab or red curry, seem far more interesting here. The om gai, a chicken soup heady with lemongrass and dill, is comfort in a takeout container. PRIYA KRISHNA

4204 Menchaca Road; no phone; deedeeatx.com

Discada serves one type of taco, and it’s unforgettable. The restaurant uses the discada method, also known as “cowboy wok” cooking, that’s popular in Mexico City. In this style, various chopped meats and aromatics are cooked in a plow disc from a tractor and added in layers, to build on the rendered fat and flavor from each one. The tacos, brought to Austin by the high-school friends and co-owners Anthony Pratto and Xose Velasco, are dainty but pack a big punch. Even in a taco-saturated city, there’s truly nothing else like Discada. PRIYA KRISHNA

1319 Rosewood Avenue; 512-920-5473; discadatx.com

South Lamar| Oaxacan

El Naranjo’s story — from food truck to brick-and-mortar restaurant to its current incarnation inside a slick, window-lined space on South Lamar Boulevard — mirrors that of Austin’s restaurant scene over the past dozen years. But the restaurant’s roots are in Mexico. Iliana de la Vega and Ernesto Terrealba opened the first El Naranjo in Oaxaca City in 1997, and the Austin restaurant’s food, now overseen by their daughter Ana Torrealba, still reflect those origins. The daily-changing ceviches, huitlacoche-queso empanadas and blistered octopus will make you fall in love with the cooking. But it would be a mistake to miss the moles: the dark, raspy, 30-plus ingredient mole negro; or the nutty, relatively lean mole blanco, sparked with a drizzle of habanero oil. Either pairs well with a refreshing mezcal cocktail. BRETT ANDERSON

2717 South Lamar Boulevard, Suite 1085; 512-520-5750; elnaranjorestaurant.com

East Austin | Coastal Mexican

Este is inspired by the seafood dishes of the Mexican coast, but it’s not strictly limited to them. The menu isn’t filled with faithful recreations of the aguachiles and tostadas found in cities like Ensenada or Veracruz. Instead, the chef Fermín Núñez isn’t afraid to go off-road in the name of uncovering something delicious. Grilled turbot with salsa verde shines even brighter with a rich slick of hummus on the bottom. Hazelnuts and brown butter enliven the salsa macha in the grilled squid. “You wouldn’t find it in Mexico,” Mr. Nuñez said of his cooking. “But it is Mexican.” PRIYA KRISHNA

2113 Manor Road; 512-522-4047; esteatx.com

Holly | Israeli Texan

Ezov’s food features Texas ingredients in dishes that are colorful, sprightly spiced and inspired by the chef Berty Richter’s upbringing in Tel Aviv. There are audibly crisp falafel riding a swirl of tahini, amba and schug; cubes of pomegranate-stained raw snapper, scattered with chopped pistachios; and juicy, skewered kofta riding a bed of fire roasted eggplant and topped with charred, oil-slicked pine nuts. If you’re interested in wines from the Eastern Mediterranean, especially Lebanon, ask to see the bottle list. That said, if you dare to order the everything bagel martini, consider yourself warned. BRETT ANDERSON

2708 East Cesar Chavez; 512-305-1118; ezovatx.com

Franklin BBQ

East Austin | Barbecue

Why wait hours for barbecue in a city where there are excellent alternatives? Fair question. The answer is that Franklin’s barbecue is as good, if not better, today than it was when Aaron and Stacy Franklin graduated in 2011 from a food truck to this cinder block building. Mr. Franklin has since become one of the country’s most recognizable pitmasters. His buttery-tender brisket, juicy sausage and weekend-only beef ribs remain consistently exceptional. And the hospitality, extended even in the pre-opening hours to customers waiting on the sidewalk, bears none of the entitlement or cynicism typically found at restaurants where the demand for seats so vastly exceeds the supply. All of which makes Franklin a rare breed: a restaurant that has become a tourist attraction, while upholding the standards that made it famous in the first place. BRETT ANDERSON

900 East 11th Street, Austin; 512-653-1187; franklinbbq.com

InterStellar BBQ

Anderson Mill | Barbecue

Texas barbecue has always been great. It has also never been better . Get yourself to this northwest Austin joint for a taste of how both things can be true. The brisket and pork spare ribs are as good as any you’ll find, traditionally prepared and reminiscent of what Texans have been eating for generations. But the owner and co-pitmaster John Bates also applies the techniques and creative license of fine dining to expand the Texas barbecue repertoire, which here includes pulled lamb shoulder, pork belly glazed with peach tea and turkey breast marinated in hefeweizen. The sides are so delicious — smoked scalloped potatoes, a citrusy beet salad topped with pumpkin seeds — you could even post a sign once unthinkable near Texas barbecue: vegetarians welcome. BRETT ANDERSON

12233 Ranch Road 620 North, Suite 105; 512-382-6248; theinterstellarbbq.com

Joe’s Bakery & Coffee Shop

Holly| Tex-Mex

Are you the type of person who finds outsize comfort in short-order cafes and diners, preferably with a bit of age on them? Perhaps you feel the same about Mexican restaurants where you can get a pork chop with your huevos, the taco selection runs to nearly 20 and refried beans are effectively unavoidable? You’ll love Joe’s, which also happens to be a time capsule from the era when East Austin was a working-class Mexican American stronghold. The breakfast-and-lunch restaurant has been run by the women of the Avila family for most of the years since Joe Avila opened it in 1962. You’ll undoubtedly want more of the fluffy, housemade flour tortillas; extras are 50 cents apiece. BRETT ANDERSON

2305 East Seventh Street; 512-472-0017; joesbakery.com

Kemuri Tatsu-Ya

Holly | Barbecue Izakaya

Kemuri is arguably (along with Blood Bros. BBQ , outside Houston) the state’s most fully realized Asian-influenced barbecue place. What the chef-owners Tatsu Aikawa and Takuya Matsumoto call a Texas izakaya is also a full-service restaurant that imagines what a Japanese chef might have been cooking at a Texas roadhouse 100 years ago. The answer covers a lot of ground, from smoked eel, hamachi collar and brisket to rayfin jerky, karaage with egg salad and a daily-changing sashimi. Mr. Aikawa and Mr. Matsumoto are innovative tastemakers who operate a number of popular Texas-inspired Japanese restaurants in Austin. This restaurant and bar, first opened in 2017 and decorated with Texas flags, taxidermy and vintage signs in Japanese, is their crowning achievement, at least thus far. BRETT ANDERSON

2713 East Second Street, Austin; 512-803-2224; kemuri-tatsuya.com

LeRoy and Lewis

South Manchaca | Barbecue

The pitmaster Evan LeRoy has been building a following for his open-minded take on Texas barbecue since 2017, when he opened the first LeRoy and Lewis as a food truck with his wife, Lindsey, and partners Sawyer and Nathan Lewis. So it’s no surprise to find crowds at the brick-and-mortar location that opened this winter. Established favorites (Citra hop pork sausage, brisket burger, cauliflower “burnt ends”) are on a menu that also expands on L and L’s freewheeling style. Lamb kofta tacos and smoked Italian beef sandwiches are among the new additions that will leave diners grateful to live in the age when Texas barbecue is so open to experimentation. (Note: The original LeRoy and Lewis is still parked outside the South Austin Cosmic Coffee + Beer Garden .) BRETT ANDERSON

5621 Emerald Forest Drive; 512-962-7805; leroyandlewisbbq.com

Micklethwait

For those who come to Austin for great barbecue but don’t want to wait in a certain hourslong line , Micklethwait remains reliably great. The owner, Tom Micklethwait, specializes in the oak-fired Central Texas-style, and unlike many Texas pitmasters who have expanded into multiple locations, he has kept his operation lean — you can taste the attention and care that goes into the meats. The bright, balanced sides and dreamy oatmeal cream pie are a bonus. PRIYA KRISHNA

1309 Rosewood Avenue; 512-791-5961; craftmeatsaustin.com

Windsor Park/East Austin | Barbecue, Deli

Giving Jewish deli food the barbecue treatment is one of those ideas that feels obvious as soon as you chow down on peppery, smoky slabs of pastrami between two thick pieces of toast with a big smear of mustard. But you didn’t think of it. The chef Geoffrey Ellis did. Mum Foods — which operates as a brick-and-mortar as well as a farmers’ market stall — is a sandwich lover’s dream, a place where the ratio of meat to bread to condiments feels obsessively considered. PRIYA KRISHNA

5811 Manor Road; 512-270-8021; mumfoodsatx.com

Nixta Taqueria

East Austin | Mexican

At Nixta, Edgar Rico and Sara Mardanbigi are throwing a big backyard party, and you’re invited. Mr. Rico, the chef, uses heirloom varieties of corn that he grinds himself to make the outstanding tortillas, and his arsenal of vibrant salsas and sauces can make even a plate of raw vegetables feel cutting-edge. Ms. Mardanbigi’s warm service makes the place seem more like a friend’s house than a restaurant, and her Iranian heritage occasionally finds its way into dishes like sholeh zard, a marriage between the Persian rice pudding and arroz con leche. PRIYA KRISHNA

2512 East 12th Street; no phone; nixtataqueria.square.site

North Side | Southern

Many people consider Texas part of the Deep South. Olamaie embraces this, with buttermilk biscuits that are the stuff of county-fair blue ribbons (albeit offered with sturgeon caviar), oysters Rockefeller and gumbo z’herbes that would bring nods of approval in New Orleans. Nevertheless, Olamaie, housed in a renovated bungalow, is not defined by its exacting takes on traditional dishes. Amanda Turner, the chef de cuisine, nimbly stretches the boundaries of Southern cuisine. The smoked amberjack crudo sparkles with leche de tigre and chile crunch. The grilled pork chop is redolent of jerk spices. This is expansive Southern cooking, befitting a native Texan who was raised in the diverse kitchens of its capital city. BRETT ANDERSON

610 San Antonio Street; 512-474-2796; olamaieaustin.com

Ramen Del Barrio

North Austin | Mexican Japanese

The chef Christopher Krinsky probably isn’t the first person to put taco toppings on ramen, but he certainly won’t be the last. In his tiny shop tucked inside a grocery store, the bowls of ramen are flavor bombs whose blending of Mexican and Japanese tradition works brilliantly — mole serves as the dipping sauce for tsukemen, while carnitas and charred chiles swim in the tonkotsu. And no, the restaurant doesn’t serve birria ramen, so don’t even think about asking. PRIYA KRISHNA

1700 West Parmer Lane, Suite 100; no phone; ramendelbarrio.com

What, exactly, did they put in this snapper to make it taste this good? And the cabbage? And the beans? At this Mexican-inspired restaurant, practically every dish inspires that level of wonder. Only a chef as wildly creative as Fermín Núñez could think to give beans the aligot treatment and slather them on a tlayuda, or reinvent the Choco Taco with cinnamon semifreddo and peanut caramel. Mr. Núñez is charting a distinctive path for himself in Mexican cooking. PRIYA KRISHNA

1800 East Sixth Street; 512-522-3031; suerteatx.com

Bouldin Creek | Japanese

In 1995, Tyson Cole, a white, Florida-born sushi novice, was hired by Takehiko Fuse, a revered Japanese chef working in Austin, on the condition that he learn to speak, read and write Japanese. That discipline is still evident in the food at Uchi, the restaurant Mr. Cole opened eight years later. This sequence of events helps explain how Austin, a landlocked city where people of Japanese descent make up only 0.2 percent of the population, became home to one of the country’s most dynamic Japanese restaurant scenes. Dishes that partner raw or lightly cooked seafood with non-Japanese marinades and sauces, fruits and even goat cheese are emblematic of Uchi’s locally influential cross-culture style — now found at Uchi locations around the country. Nevertheless, dinner here is a uniquely Austin experience. BRETT ANDERSON

801 South Lamar Boulevard; 512-916-4808; uchi.uchirestaurants.com

Bouldin Creek | Korean

Underdog is a wine bar and shop combined with a Korean American restaurant. The appeal of eating here is as simple and direct as the concept. The menu is filled with successfully playful takes on Korean cuisine, including a steamy egg soufflé covered in bonito flakes, Korean fried chicken with shiso ranch, and thick-cut galbi that showcases Texas beef. The worldly wine list is smartly curated and offers glasses (and even half-glasses) of wines (like a 2010 Il Poggione Brunello di Montalcino) that are normally only available by the bottle. The co-owners, Claudia Lee and Richard Hargreave, a sommelier, bring a personal touch to their fashionable place. The business is named after their dog, Squid, in case you’re wondering. BRETT ANDERSON

1600 South First Street, Suite 100; 512-367-2441; underdog-atx.com

Veracruz All Natural

Various locations | Mexican

In the Texas breakfast-taco wars, Veracruz All Natural remains one of Austin’s stalwart champions. And it’s not just because of the restaurant’s beloved migas taco, a delightful mess of tortilla chips, scrambled eggs and pico de gallo wrapped in a fresh corn tortilla. The sisters and owners Maritza and Reyna Vazquez have created a mini-chain of taquerias, inspired by their coastal Mexican hometown, that helped move the city beyond Tex-Mex, toward Mexican fare that emphasizes fresh produce, bright flavors and pressed juices. Austin is a better food town for it. PRIYA KRISHNA

Various locations; veracruzallnatural.com

Wee’s Cozy Kitchen

Downtown | Malaysian

In Texas, it’s not unusual to find exceptional food in a gas station or convenience store. Wee’s Cozy Kitchen, which recently located from a Shell station to the downtown corner store Royal Blue Grocery is the perfect example. The food by owner Wee Fong Ehlers is as good as ever, and the scene is still the same: satisfied locals digging into bowls of curry laksa that are heady with herbs and chiles. From her tiny kitchen, Ms. Ehlers cooks every dish to order, even freshly chopping the lemongrass. Wee’s provides all the warmth of home cooking, and yes, you can pick up a six pack of beer, too. PRIYA KRISHNA

609 Congress Avenue; 512-577-8626; wees-cozy-kitchen.square.site

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Priya Krishna is a reporter in the Food section of The Times. More about Priya Krishna

Brett Anderson joined the Food desk as a contributor in July 2019. He was restaurant critic and features writer at The Times-Picayune, in New Orleans, from 2000 to 2019. He has won three James Beard awards, including the Jonathan Gold Local Voice Award, and was named Eater's Reporter of the Year in 2017 for his reporting on sexual harassment in the restaurant industry. More about Brett Anderson

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