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General Schedule Qualification Standards

This section contains the group coverage qualification standards, associated individual occupational requirements (IOR), and individual qualification standards covering white collar occupations in the Federal competitive service. These standards describe the minimum qualification requirements (for example, educational, medical, age, experience, etc.) for each occupational series. You may search for information about specific qualification requirements using either the Index by Series Number or Index by Series Title.

The standards are written broadly for Governmentwide application and are not intended to provide detailed information about specific qualification requirements for individual positions at a particular agency. Such information (i.e., a description of the specialized experience requirements for a particular position) should be included in the vacancy announcements issued by the agency. Information about the work performed in a General Schedule occupational series is contained in the Handbook of Occupational Groups & Families and the Introduction to the Position Classification Standards , and is not repeated on this site.

Many occupations or positions that are covered by a group coverage qualification standard also have Individual Occupation Requirements (IOR). Some series are covered by a separate stand-alone individual qualification standard.

Each of the following Group Coverage Qualification Standards includes a list of covered occupations:

Professional and Scientific Positions ;
Administrative and Management Positions ;
Technical and Medical Support Positions ;
Clerical and Administrative Support Positions ; and
Competitive Service Student Trainee Positions .

An occupational series has not been assigned to the following:

Supervisory Guide ;
Policy Analysis and Administrative Analysis Positions ;
Positions Involving Equal Employment Opportunity Collateral Assignments ; and
Positions Requiring Collateral Correctional Skills .

They should be used in conjunction with the appropriate qualification standard for the specific occupational series. For example, an agency may plan to recruit for a supervisory computer scientist position. In this situation, the agency should use the qualification standard for the 1550 occupational series in conjunction with the Supervisory Guide.

The following links may be helpful in locating additional qualification-related information.

Recent Issuances of Revised or New Qualification Standards
Draft Qualification Standards

Test Requirements

OPM posts draft versions of qualification standards on this site. Draft qualification standards may not be used to qualify applicants.

The following standards apply to white collar positions.

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Draft Qualification Standards
Draft Title / Description	Comment Period

Comments due by October 18, 2013 Comment period extended to November 8, 2013.
	Comments due 1/20/2012
	Comments due 1/20/2012
	Comments due 11/18/2011
	Comments due 11/18/2011
	Comments due 9/30/2011
	Comments due 9/30/2011
	Comments due 9/30/2011
	Comments due 9/30/2011
	Comments due 10/12/2012
	Comments due 6/29/2012
	Comments due 6/29/2012
	Comments due 6/29/2012
	Comments due 6/29/2012
	Comments due 6/29/2012
	Comments due 6/29/2012

Recently Revised or New Qualification Standards

Final Standard	Issuance Date
	May 19, 2022
	May 19, 2022
	November 7, 2019
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
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	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017
	September 27, 2017

Group Coverage Qualification Standards

Clerical and Administrative Support Positions

This qualification standard covers positions in the General Schedule that involve the performance of one-grade interval clerical and administrative support work. It contains common patterns of creditable experience and education to be used in making qualifications determinations.

A list of the occupational series covered by this standard is provided below .

This standard may also be used for one-grade interval positions other than those listed if the education and experience pattern is determined to be appropriate.

Experience and Education Requirements

The following table shows the amounts of education and/or experience required to qualify for positions covered by this standard.

GRADE/ POSITIONS	EXPERIENCE		EDUCATION
GRADE/ POSITIONS	GENERAL	SPECIALIZED	EDUCATION
GS-1 All positions	None	None	None
GS-2 All positions	3 months	None	High school graduation or equivalent
GS-3 Clerk-Steno ----------------- All other positions	6 months	None	High school graduation or equivalent ----------------- 1 year above high school
GS-4 All positions	1 year	None	2 years above high school
GS-5 Clerk-Steno --------------- All other positions	2 years --------------- none	None --------------- 1 year equivalent to at least GS-4	4 years above high school (except Reporting Stenographer)
GS-6 and All positions	None	1 year equivalent to at least next lower grade level	Generally, not applicable

NOTE: Equivalent combinations of education and experience are qualifying for all grade levels and positions for which both education and experience are acceptable. Proficiency requirements are described below .

Some of the occupational series covered by this standard include both one- and two-grade interval work. The qualification requirements described in this standard apply only to those positions that typically follow a one-grade interval pattern. While the levels of experience shown for most positions covered by this standard follow the grade level progression pattern outlined in the table, users of the standard should refer to E.3. (o) in the "Policies and Instructions" section for guidance on crediting experience for positions with different lines of progression.

General Experience (All positions except Reporting Stenographer, Shorthand Reporter, and Closed Micro-phone Reporter)--Progressively responsible clerical, office, or other work that indicates ability to acquire the particular knowledge and skills needed to perform the duties of the position to be filled.

Specialized Experience (All positions except Reporting Stenographer, Shorthand Reporter, and Closed Micro-phone Reporter)--Experience that equipped the applicant with the particular knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA's) to perform successfully the duties of the position, and that is typically in or related to the position to be filled. To be creditable, specialized experience must have been equivalent to at least the next lower grade level. Applicants who have the 1 year of appropriate specialized experience, as indicated in the table, are not required by this standard to have general experience, education above the high school level, or any additional specialized experience to meet the minimum qualification requirements.

Experience for Reporting Stenographer, Shorthand Reporter, and Closed Microphone Reporter -- One year of experience equivalent to at least the next lower grade level using the skills and equipment appropriate to the position to be filled is required for all positions. Following is a description of qualifying experience for these positions.

Reporting Stenographer, GS-5: Experience as a clerk-stenographer, secretary, reporting stenographer, or in other positions that included application of stenography and typing skills as a significant part of the work.
Reporting Stenographer, Shorthand Reporter, and Closed Microphone Reporter, GS-6:Experience as a reporting stenographer, hearing reporter, or in other positions in which the primary duty was to make and transcribe manual or machine-written shorthand records of hearings, interviews, or similar proceedings.
Shorthand Reporter and Closed Microphone Reporter, GS-7 and above: Experience as a court reporter, or hearing reporter, or in other positions in which the primary duty was to make verbatim records of proceedings.

Education: High school graduation or the equivalent is creditable at the GS-2 level for the occupations listed, except Clerk-Stenographer, where it is creditable at the GS-3 entry level.

Successfully completed education above the high school level in any field for which high school graduation or the equivalent is the normal prerequisite is creditable at grades GS-3 through GS-5 for all positions except Reporting Stenographer, GS-5. This education must have been obtained in an accredited business, secretarial or technical school, junior college, college or university. One year of full-time academic study is defined as 30 semester hours, 45 quarter hours, or the equivalent in a college or university, or at least 20 hours of classroom instruction per week for approximately 36 weeks in a business, secretarial, or technical school.

As a general rule, education is not creditable above GS-5 for most positions covered by this standard; however, graduate education may be credited in those few instances where the graduate education is directly related to the work of the position.

Intensive Short-Term Training -- Completion of an intensive, specialized course of study of less than 1 year may meet in full the experience requirements for GS-3. Courses of this type normally require completion of up to 40 hours per week of instruction rather than the usual 20 hours per week, and are usually of at least 3 months duration. Such courses may have been obtained through a variety of programs such as those offered by business or technical schools, and through military training programs. To be creditable, such a course must have been designed specifically as career preparation for the work of the position being filled, and must have provided the applicant with the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to do the work.

Combining Education and Experience: Equivalent combinations of successfully completed post-high school education and experience may be used to meet total experience requirements at grades GS-5 and below, except for Reporting Stenographer, GS-5.

For GS-3 and GS-4 level positions, determine the applicant's total qualifying experience as a percentage of the experience required for the grade level; then determine the applicant's education as a percentage of the education required for the grade level; then add the two percentages. The total percentage must equal at least 100 percent to qualify an applicant for that grade level.
For GS-5 level positions (except Clerk-Stenographer, which does not require specialized experience), only education in excess of the first 60 semester hours (i.e., beyond the second year) is creditable toward meeting the specialized experience requirement. One full academic year of study (30 semester hours) beyond the second year is equivalent to 6 months of specialized experience.

The following are examples of how education and experience may be combined. They are examples only, and are not all inclusive:

The position to be filled is a Payroll Clerk, GS-4. An applicant has 8 months of qualifying experience and 20 semester hours of college. The applicant meets 67 percent of the required experience and 33 percent of the required education. The applicant meets 100 percent of the total requirements and is qualified for the position.
The position to be filled is a Clerk-Typist, GS-4. The applicant has 4 months of qualifying experience and 1 year of business school. The applicant meets 33 percent of the required experience and 50 percent of the required education. The applicant meets 83 percent of the total requirements and is not qualified for the position.
The position to be filled is a Clerk-Stenographer, GS-5. An applicant has 1 year of qualifying experience and 90 semester hours of college. The applicant meets 50 percent of the required experience and 75 percent of the required education. The applicant exceeds 100 percent of the total requirements and is qualified for the position.
The position to be filled is an Editorial Assistant, GS-5. The applicant has 9 months of specialized experience and 75 semester hours of college (15 semester hours beyond the second year and the equivalent of 3 months of specialized experience). The applicant meets 75 percent of the required experience and 25 percent of the required education. The applicant meets 100 percent of the requirement for 1 year of specialized experience and is qualified for the position.

Proficiency Requirements

Clerk-Typist, Office Automation Clerk/Assistant, Clerk-Stenographer, Data Transcriber, and Positions with Parenthetical Titles of (Typing), (Office Automation), (Stenography), or (Data Transcription)

In addition to meeting experience or education requirements, applicants for these positions must show possession of the following skills, as appropriate. Applicants may meet these requirements by passing the appropriate performance test, presenting a certificate of proficiency from a school or other organization authorized to issue such certificates by the Office of Personnel Management local office, or by self-certifying their proficiency. Performance test results and certificates of proficiency are acceptable for 3 years. Agencies may verify proficiency skills of self-certified applicants by administering the appropriate performance test.

40 words per minute typing speed 1

skill in operating an alphanumeric data transcribing machine, or 20 words per minute typing speed 1 for GS-2 transcription duties or 25 words per minute typing speed 1 for GS-3 and GS-4 transcription duties

40 words per minute typing speed 1 and 80 words per minute dictation speed 2

40 words per minute typing speed 1 and 120 words per minute dictation speed 2

40 words per minute typing speed 1 and either 80 words per minute dictation speed 2 for GS-3 and GS-4 stenographic duties or 120 words per minute dictation speed 2 for GS-5 stenographic duties

NOTE: The level of proficiency for stenographic and data transcribing duties required by positions with parenthetical titles is based on the grade level of those duties and not necessarily on the overall grade of the position. For example, a position classified as Secretary (Stenography), GS-318-5, may require either 80 or 120 words per minute dictation speed depending upon the level of difficulty of the stenographic duties. A position classified as Payroll Clerk (Data Transcription), GS-544-4, may require either 20 or 25 words per minute typing speed depending upon the level of difficulty of the transcribing duties. Therefore, before filling positions of this type, first determine the grade level of the duties that require the additional skill, and then determine the skill level required.

Reporting Stenographer, Shorthand Reporter, and Closed Microphone Reporter

In addition to meeting the experience requirements, applicants for these positions must show possession of the following skills with equipment appropriate to the specific position.

Reporting Stenographer, GS-5/6: 120 words per minute dictation speed 3

Shorthand Reporter and Closed Microphone Reporter, GS-6: 160 words per minute dictation speed 3

Shorthand Reporter and Closed Microphone Reporter, GS-7 and above: 175 words per minute dictation speed 3

Applicants must also be able to produce accurate typewritten transcripts of recorded proceedings.

Applicants for competitive appointment and inservice applicants for initial assignment to these three positions at all grade levels must demonstrate the specific skill and level of proficiency required by the position to be filled. Also, inservice applicants for promotion to positions that have a higher proficiency requirement than the position previously held must demonstrate the higher level of proficiency. Applicants may demonstrate that proficiency by either passing a dictation test at the required speed or presenting a certificate of proficiency showing speed and accuracy equivalent to those used in the Office of Personnel Management performance tests for these positions. The certificate must show that the candidate demonstrated the required proficiency, i.e., dictation speed and accuracy, to a teacher of stenography, shorthand reporting, or closed microphone reporting, within the past year. Applicants for these positions may not self-certify dictation proficiency.

Using Selective Factors For Positions Covered by this Standard

Selective factors must represent knowledge, skills, or abilities that are essential for successful job performance and cannot reasonably be acquired on the job during the period of orientation/training customary for the position being filled. It is unlikely, for example, that a requirement for experience with a particular brand of word processing software could be justified as a selective factor for an Office Automation Clerk position. Since knowledge of that software may be desirable, such knowledge could be appropriately used as a quality ranking factor. On the other hand, proficiency in the correct use of medical terminology may be needed immediately to perform the duties of a Medical Records Technician position to provide continuity in an agency's medical records program. If that is the case, knowledge of medical terminology could be used as a selective factor in filling the position.

Words per minute are based on a 5 minute sample with three or fewer errors.

The maximum number of errors allowed in a dictation sample equals 10 percent of the required dictation speed (80 words per minute or 120 words per minute) multiplied by the number of minutes in the sample.

The maximum number of errors allowed in a dictation sample for these three positions equals 5 percent of the required dictation speed multiplied by the number of minutes in the sample.

Occupational Coverage

A list of the occupational series covered by this qualification standard is provided below. The occupational series marked with an asterisk have individual occupational requirements.

GS-029 Environmental Protection Assistant GS-072 Fingerprint Identification GS-086 Security Clerical and Assistance GS-134 Intelligence Aid and Clerk GS-203 Human Resources Assistance GS-302 Messenger* GS-303 Miscellaneous Clerk and Assistant GS-304 Information Receptionist GS-305 Mail and File GS-309 Correspondence Clerk GS-312 Clerk-Stenographer and Reporter GS-318 Secretary GS-319 Closed Microphone Reporting GS-322 Clerk-Typist GS-326 Office Automation Clerical and Assistance GS-332 Computer Operation GS-335 Computer Clerk and Assistant GS-344 Management and Program Clerical and Assistance GS-350 Equipment Operator GS-351 Printing Clerical GS-356 Data Transcriber GS-357 Coding GS-359 Electric Accounting Machine Operation GS-361 Equal Opportunity Assistance GS-382 Telephone Operating GS-390 Telecommunications Processing GS-392 General Telecommunications GS-394 Communications Clerical GS-503 Financial Clerical and Assistance GS-525 Accounting Technician GS-530 Cash Processing GS-540 Voucher Examining

GS-544 Civilian Pay GS-545 Military Pay GS-561 Budget Clerical and Technician GS-592 Tax Examining GS-593 Insurance Accounts GS-675 Medical Records Technician GS-679 Medical Support Assistance GS-962 Contact Representative GS-963 Legal Instruments Examining GS-986 Legal Assistance GS-998 Claims Assistance and Examining GS-1001 General Arts and Information GS-1046 Language Clerical* GS-1087 Editorial Assistance GS-1101 General Business and Industry GS-1105 Purchasing GS-1106 Procurement Clerical and Technician GS-1107 Property Disposal Clerical and Technician GS-1152 Production Control GS-1411 Library Technician GS-1421 Archives Technician GS-1531 Statistical Assistant GS-1603 Equipment, Facilities, and Services Assistance GS-1702 Education and Training Technician GS-1802 Compliance Inspection and Support GS-2005 Supply Clerical and Technician GS-2091 Sales Store Clerical GS-2102 Transportation Clerk and Assistant GS-2131 Freight Rate GS-2135 Transportation Loss and Damage Claims Examining GS-2151 Dispatching

Technical and Medical Support Positions

This qualification standard covers positions in the General Schedule that involve the performance of one-grade interval technical or medical support work. It contains common patterns of creditable experience and education to be used in making qualifications determinations.

Experience and education requirements

GRADE	EXPERIENCE		EDUCATION
GRADE	GENERAL	SPECIALIZED	EDUCATION
GS-1	None	None	None
GS-2	3 months	None	High school graduation or equivalent
GS-3	6 months	None	1 year above high school with course(s) related to the occupation, if required
GS-4	6 months	6 months	2 years above high school with courses related to the occupation, if required
GS-5	None	1 year equivalent to at least GS-4	4-year course of study above high school leading to a bachelor's degree with courses related to the occupation, if required
GS-6 and above	None	1 year equivalent to at least next lower grade level	See the under the Education section

Equivalent combinations of education and experience are qualifying for all grade levels and positions for which both education and experience are acceptable.

While the levels of experience shown for most positions covered by this standard follow the grade level progression pattern outlined in the table, users of the standard should refer to E.3. (o) in the "General Policies and Instructions" for guidance on crediting experience for positions with different lines of progression.

General Experience: (l) Any type of work that demonstrates the applicant's ability to perform the work of the position, or (2) experience that provided a familiarity with the subject matter or processes of the broad subject area of the occupation.

Specialized Experience: Experience that equipped the applicant with the particular knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA's) to perform successfully the duties of the position, and that is typically in or related to the work of the position to be filled. To be creditable, specialized experience must have been equivalent to at least the next lower grade level. Applicants who have the 1 year of appropriate specialized experience, as indicated in the table, are not required by this standard to have general experience, education above the high school level, or any additional specialized experience to meet the minimum qualification requirements.

Education: High school graduation or the equivalent is qualifying for GS-2.

Successfully completed post-high school education is qualifying for grades GS-3 through GS-5. This education must have been obtained in an accredited business or technical school, junior college, college or university for which high school graduation or the equivalent is the normal prerequisite. One year of full-time undergraduate study is defined as 30 semester hours, 45 quarter hours, or the equivalent in a college or university or at least 20 hours of classroom instruction per week for approximately 36 weeks in a business or technical school.

For some occupations covered by this standard, 6 semester hours of specific courses are included in the l year of education that meets the GS-3 requirements. The 6 semester hours allow for subjects that are common to a broad range of degree programs, e.g., subjects in the mathematical, physical, or biological sciences. This inclusion corresponds to the second part of the description of general experience, i.e., the subjects provide evidence of a familiarity with the subject matter or processes of the broad subject area of the occupation. At grades GS-4 and above, a portion of the education is usually directly related to the work of the position to be filled. Examples of related courses are provided in the individual occupational requirements where applicable. However, agencies may require other courses if they are considered to be more related to the position to be filled.

NOTE: Graduate education or an internship meets the specialized experience required above GS-5 only in those instances where it is directly related to the work of the position. One full year of graduate education meets the requirements for GS-7. Two full years of graduate education or a master's degree meets the requirements for GS-9. One year of full-time graduate education is considered to be the number of credit hours that the school attended has determined to represent 1 year of full-time study. If that information cannot be obtained from the school, 18 semester hours should be considered as satisfying the 1 year of full-time study requirement. Part-time graduate education is creditable in accordance with its relationship to a year of full-time study at the school attended.

Training: Completion of appropriate training such as inservice training programs, training acquired while serving in the Armed Forces, and government-sponsored developmental training programs will be allowed credit on a month-for-month basis, generally through the GS-5 level. Such training meets general or specialized experience requirements depending upon its applicability.

Completion of an intensive, specialized course of study of less than l year may meet in full the experience requirements for GS-3. Courses of this type normally require completion of up to 40 hours per week of instruction rather than the usual 20 hours per week, and are usually of at least 3 months duration. Such courses may have been obtained through a variety of programs such as those offered by technical schools and military training programs. To be creditable, such a course must have been designed specifically as career preparation for the work of the position being filled, and must have provided the applicant with the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to do the work.

Combining Experience and Education: Equivalent combinations of successfully completed post-high school education and experience are also qualifying. The combinations described below are those most typical for these positions, i.e., for grades GS-3 through GS-5. If education is used to meet specialized experience requirements, then such education must include courses directly related to the work of the position. (When crediting education, prorate the number of hours of related courses required as a proportion of the total education to be used.)

For GS-3 level positions, determine the applicant's total qualifying experience as a percentage of the 6 months' experience required for GS-3; then deter-mine the applicant's education as a percentage of the l year of education that meets the requirements for GS-3. Add the two percentages. The total percentage must equal at least 100 percent to qualify an applicant for GS-3.

For GS-4 level positions, determine the applicant's total qualifying experience as a percentage of the 1 year of experience required for GS-4; then determine the applicant's education as a percentage of the 2 years of education that meets the requirements for GS-4. Add the two percentages. The total percentage must equal at least 100 percent to qualify an applicant for GS-4.

For GS-5 level positions, only education in excess of the first 60 semester hours of a course of study leading to a bachelor's degree is creditable toward meeting the specialized experience requirements. Two full academic years of study, or 60 semester hours, beyond the second year is equivalent to l year of specialized experience. Determine the applicant's total qualifying experience as a percentage of the year of specialized experience required at the GS-5 level. Then determine the applicant's education as a percentage of the education that meets the requirements for GS-5. Add the two percentages. The total percentage must equal at least 100 percent to qualify an applicant for GS-5.

The following are examples of how education and experience may be combined. They are examples only, and are not all-inclusive.

The position to be filled is a Pharmacy Aid, GS-3. An applicant has 2 months of experience and 20 semester hours of college. The applicant meets 33 percent of the required experience and 67 percent of the required education. The applicant meets 100 percent of the total requirements and is qualified for the position.

The position to be filled is an Industrial Engineering Technician, GS-4. An applicant has 5 months of general experience and 36 semester hours of college. The applicant meets 42 percent of the required experience and 60 percent of the required education. The applicant exceeds 100 percent of the total requirements and is qualified for the position. (This example assumes that education is being used to meet the specialized experience requirements, and that at least 7 of the 36 semester hours are in courses directly related to the work of the position.) Examples of such courses are provided in the individual occupational requirements for the Industrial Engineering Technician Series, GS-895 .

The position to be filled is a Recreation Assistant, GS-5. An applicant has 8 months of GS-4 level specialized experience and 80 semester hours of college. The applicant meets 67 percent of the required experience and 33 percent of the required education (i.e., 20 semester hours in excess of the first 60 semester hours). The applicant meets 100 percent of the total requirements and is qualified for the position. At least 8 of the 20 semester hours must be directly related to the work of the position. Examples of such courses are provided in the individual occupational requirements for the Recreation Aid and Assistant Series, GS-189 .

Using selective factors for positions covered by this standard

Using individual occupational requirements with this standard

General experience requirements at the GS-2 and GS-3 levels are described in the group coverage standard so that the applicant pool at those "trainee" levels will be as generally inclusive as possible. Thus, examples of qualifying general experience are not included in the "Individual Occupational Requirements" for positions covered by this qualification standard.

Positions at GS-4 and above require specialized experience, education, or training related to the occupation. Examples of qualifying specialized experience are provided for those occupations where such information is currently available. Examples of qualifying post-high school education or training are also provided.

GS-019 Safety Technician* GS-021 Community Planning Technician GS-090 Guide* GS-102 Social Science Aid and Technician GS-119 Economics Assistant* GS-181 Psychology Aid and Technician* GS-186 Social Services Aid and Assistant* GS-189 Recreation Aid and Assistant* GS-404 Biological Science Technician* GS-421 Plant Protection Technician* GS-455 Range Technician* GS-458 Soil Conservation Technician* GS-459 Irrigation System Operation* GS-462 Forestry Technician* GS-621 Nursing Assistant* GS-622 Medical Supply Aide and Technician* GS-625 Autopsy Assistant* GS-636 Rehabilitation Therapy Assistant* GS-640 Health Aid and Technician* GS-642 Nuclear Medicine Technician* GS-645 Medical Technician* GS-646 Pathology Technician* GS-647 Diagnostic Radiologic Technologist* GS-648 Therapeutic Radiologic Technologist*

GS-649 Medical Instrument Technician* GS-651 Respiratory Therapist* GS-661 Pharmacy Technician* GS-681 Dental Assistant* GS-683 Dental Laboratory Aid and Technician* GS-698 Environmental Health Technician* GS-704 Animal Health Technician* GS-802 Engineering Technician* GS-809 Construction Control Technical* GS-817 Survey Technical* GS-856 Electronics Technician* GS-895 Industrial Engineering Technical* GS-1021 Office Drafting* GS-1202 Patent Technician GS-1311 Physical Science Technician* GS-1316 Hydrologic Technician* GS-1341 Meteorological Technician* GS-1371 Cartographic Technician* GS-1374 Geodetic Technician* GS-1521 Mathematics Technician* GS-1541 Cryptanalysis* GS-1862 Consumer Safety Inspection* GS-1981 Agricultural Commodity Aid* GS-2144 Cargo Scheduling*

Administrative and Management Positions

This qualification standard covers positions in the General Schedule that involve the performance of two-grade interval administrative and management work. It contains common patterns of creditable experience and education to be used in making qualifications determinations.

This standard may also be used for two-grade interval positions other than those listed if the education and experience pattern is determined to be appropriate.

Education and experience requirements

GRADE	EDUCATION	EXPERIENCE
GRADE	EDUCATION	GENERAL	SPECIALIZED
GS-5	4-year course of study leading to a bachelor's degree	3 years, 1 year of which was equivalent to at least GS-4	None
GS-7	1 full year of graduate level education superior academic achievement	None	1 year equivalent to at least GS-5
GS-9	master's or equivalent graduate degree 2 full years of progressively higher level graduate education leading to such a degree LL.B. or J.D., if related	None	1 year equivalent to at least GS-7
GS-11	Ph.D. or equivalent doctoral degree 3 full years of progressively higher level graduate education leading to such a degree LL.M., if related	None	1 year equivalent to at least GS-9
GS-12 and above	None	None	1 year equivalent to at least next lower grade level

NOTE: Equivalent combinations of education and experience are qualifying for all grade levels for which both education and experience are acceptable.

Some of the occupational series covered by this standard include both one- and two-grade interval work. The qualification requirements described in this standard apply only to those positions that typically follow a two-grade interval pattern. While the levels of experience shown for most positions covered by this standard follow the grade level progression pattern outlined in the table, users of the standard should refer to E.3. (p) in the "Policies and Instructions" for guidance on crediting experience for positions with different lines of progression.

Undergraduate Education: Successful completion of a full 4-year course of study in any field leading to a bachelor's degree, in an accredited college or university, meets the GS-5 level requirements for many positions covered by this standard. Others have individual occupational requirements that specify that applicants must, in general, (1) have specific course work that meets the requirements for a major in a particular field(s) , or (2) have at least 24 semester hours of course work in the field(s) identified. Course work in fields closely related to those specified may be accepted if it clearly provides applicants with the background of knowledge and skills necessary for successful job performance. One year of full-time undergraduate study is defined as 30 semester hours or 45 quarter hours.

Superior Academic Achievement: The superior academic achievement provision is applicable to all occupations covered by this standard. See the "General Policies and Instructions" for specific guidance on applying the superior academic achievement provision.

Graduate Education: Education at the graduate level in an accredited college or university in the amounts shown in the table meets the requirements for positions at GS-7 through GS-11. Such education must demonstrate the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to do the work.

One year of full-time graduate education is considered to be the number of credit hours that the school attended has determined to represent 1 year of full-time study. If that information cannot be obtained from the school, 18 semester hours should be considered as satisfying the 1 year of full-time study requirement.

Part-time graduate education is creditable in accordance with its relationship to a year of full-time study at the school attended.

For certain positions covered by this standard, the work may be recognized as sufficiently technical or specialized that graduate study alone may not provide the knowledge and skills needed to perform the work. In such cases, agencies may use selective factors to screen out applicants without actual work experience.

General Experience: For positions for which individual occupational requirements do not specify otherwise, general experience is 3 years of progressively responsible experience, 1 year of which was equivalent to at least GS-4, that demonstrates the ability to:

Analyze problems to identify significant factors, gather pertinent data, and recognize solutions;
Plan and organize work; and
Communicate effectively orally and in writing.

Such experience may have been gained in administrative, professional, technical, investigative, or other responsible work. Experience in substantive and relevant secretarial, clerical, or other responsible work may be qualifying as long as it provided evidence of the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA's) necessary to perform the duties of the position to be filled. Experience of a general clerical nature (typing, filing, routine procedural processing, maintaining records, or other nonspecialized tasks) is not creditable. Trades or crafts experience appropriate to the position to be filled may be creditable for some positions.

For some occupations or positions, applicants must have had work experience that demonstrated KSA's in addition to those identified above. Positions with more specific general experience requirements than those described here are shown in the appropriate individual occupational requirements.

Specialized Experience: Experience that equipped the applicant with the particular knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform successfully the duties of the position, and that is typically in or related to the work of the position to be filled. To be creditable, specialized experience must have been equivalent to at least the next lower grade level in the normal line of progression for the occupation in the organization. Applicants who have the 1 year of appropriate specialized experience, as indicated in the table, are not required by this standard to have general experience, education above the high school level, or any additional specialized experience to meet the minimum qualification requirements.

Combining Education and Experience: Combinations of successfully completed post-high school education and experience may be used to meet total qualification requirements for the grade levels specified in the table, and may be computed by first determining the applicant's total qualifying experience as a percentage of the experience required for the grade level; then determining the applicant's education as a percentage of the education required for the grade level; and then adding the two percentages. The total percentages must equal at least 100 percent to qualify an applicant for that grade level. Only graduate education in excess of the amount required for the next lower grade level may be used to qualify applicants for positions at grades GS-9 and GS-11. (When crediting education that requires specific course work, prorate the number of hours of related courses required as a proportion of the total education to be used.)

The position to be filled is a Quality Assurance Specialist, GS-1910-5. An applicant has 2 years of general experience and 45 semester hours of college that included 9 semester hours in related course work as described in the individual occupational requirements. The applicant meets 67 percent of the required experience and 38 percent of the required education. Therefore, the applicant exceeds 100 percent of the total requirement and is qualified for the position.

The position to be filled is a Management Analyst, GS-343-9. An applicant has 6 months of specialized experience equivalent to GS-7 and 1 year of graduate level education. The applicant meets 50 percent of the required experience but none of the required education, since he or she does not have any graduate study beyond that which is required for GS-7. Therefore, the applicant meets only 50 percent of the total requirement and is not qualified for the position. (The applicant's first year of graduate study is not qualifying for GS-9.)

The position to be filled is a Music Specialist, GS-1051-11. An applicant has 9 months of specialized experience equivalent to GS-9 and 2 1/2 years of creditable graduate level education in music. The applicant meets 75 percent of the required experience and 50 percent of the required education, i.e., the applicant has 1/2 year of graduate study beyond that required for GS-9. Therefore, the applicant exceeds the total requirement and is qualified for the position. (The applicant's first 2 years of graduate study are not qualifying for GS-11.)

Selective factors must represent knowledge, skills, or abilities that are essential for successful job performance and cannot reasonably be acquired on the job during the period of orientation/training customary for the position being filled. For example, while the individual occupational requirements for Recreation Specialist provide for applicants to meet minimum qualifications on the basis of education or experience in any one of a number of recreational fields, a requirement for knowledge of therapeutic recreation may be needed to perform the duties of a position providing recreation services to persons with physical disabilities. If that is the case, such knowledge could be justified as a selective factor in filling the position.

GS-006 Correctional Institution Administration* GS-011 Bond Sales Promotion* GS-017 Explosives Safety GS-018 Safety and Occupational Health Management* GS-023 Outdoor Recreation Planning* GS-028 Environmental Protection Specialist GS-030 Sports Specialist* GS-062 Clothing Design* GS-080 Security Administration GS-089 Emergency Management Series GS-105 Social Insurance Administration GS-106 Unemployment Insurance* GS-107 Health Insurance Administration GS-132 Intelligence GS-136 International Cooperation GS-142 Workforce Development GS-160 Civil Rights Analysis GS-188 Recreation Specialist* GS-201 Human Resources Management GS-244 Labor Management Relations Examining* GS-260 Equal Employment Opportunity GS-301 Miscellaneous Administration and Program GS-334 Computer Specialist* (Replaced by GS-2210) GS-0306, Government Information Series GS-0308 Records and Information Management GS-340 Program Management GS-341 Administrative Officer GS-343 Management and Program Analysis GS-346 Logistics Management GS-360 Equal Opportunity Compliance GS-362 Electric Accounting Machine Project Planning GS-391 Telecommunications* GS-501 Financial Administration and Program GS-505 Financial Management* GS-526 Tax Specialist* GS-560 Budget Analysis GS-570 Financial Institution Examining* GS-669 Medical Records Administration* GS-670 Health System Administration* GS-671 Health System Specialist* GS-672 Prosthetic Representative GS-673 Hospital Housekeeping Management* GS-685 Public Health Program Specialist* GS-828 Construction Analyst* GS-901 General Legal and Kindred Administration GS-920 Estate Tax Examining GS-930 Hearings and Appeals GS-950 Paralegal Specialist GS-958 Pension Law Specialist* GS-965 Land Law Examining* GS-967 Passport and Visa Examining* GS-991 Workers' Compensation Claims Examining GS-993 Railroad Retirement Claims Examining GS-996 Veterans Claims Examining GS-1001 General Arts and Information* GS-1008 Interior Design* GS-1010 Exhibits Specialist* GS-1020 Illustrating* GS-1035 Public Affairs GS-1040 Language Specialist* GS-1051 Music Specialist* GS-1054 Theater Specialist* GS-1056 Art Specialist* GS-1071 Audiovisual Production* GS-1082 Writing and Editing

GS-1083 Technical Writing and Editing* GS-1084 Visual Information* GS-1101 General Business and Industry* GS-1103 Industrial Property Management* GS-1104 Property Disposal GS 1109 Grants Management GS-1130 Public Utilities Specialist GS-1140 Trade Specialist* GS-1144 Commissary Store Management* GS-1145 Agricultural Program Specialist* GS-1146 Agricultural Marketing* GS-1147 Agricultural Market Reporting GS-1150 Industrial Specialist* GS-1160 Financial Analysis* GS-1161 Crop Insurance Administration* GS-1162 Crop Insurance Underwriting* GS-1163 Insurance Examining* GS-1165 Loan Specialist* GS-1169 Internal Revenue Officer* GS-1170 Realty GS-1171 Appraising GS-1173 Housing Management GS-1176 Building Management GS-1361 Navigational Information* GS-1397 Document Analysis* GS-1421 Archives Specialist GS-1601 Equipment, Facilities, and Services GS-1630 Cemetery Administration GS-1640 Facility Management* GS-1654 Printing Management* GS-1658 Laundry Operations Services GS-1667 Food Services GS-1670 Equipment Specialist* GS-1702 Education and Training Technician GS-1712 Training Instruction* GS-1715 Vocational Rehabilitation* GS-1801 General Inspection, Investigation, Enforcement, and Compliance Series* GS-1805 Investigative Analysis Series GS-1810 General Investigation GS-1811 Criminal Investigation* GS-1849 Wage and Hour Investigation Series* GS-1850 Agricultural Warehouse Inspection Series * GS-1860 Equal Opportunity Investigation GS-1889 Import Compliance Series* GS-1894 Customs Entry and Liquidating* GS-1910 Quality Assurance* GS-1980 Agricultural Commodity Grading* GS-2001 General Supply GS-2003 Supply Program Management GS-2010 Inventory Management GS-2030 Distribution Facilities and Storage Management GS-2032 Packaging GS-2050 Supply Cataloging GS-2101 Transportation Specialist* GS-2110 Transportation Industry Analysis* GS-2123 Motor Carrier Safety* GS-2125 Highway Safety* GS-2130 Traffic Management* GS-2150 Transportation Operations* GS-2161 Marine Cargo*

Professional and Scientific Positions

This qualification standard covers positions in the General Schedule that involve the performance of two-grade interval professional and scientific work. The specific requirements for entry into each occupation covered by this standard are described in individual occupational requirements. Subsection E.4. (g) of the "Policies and Instructions" provides guidance on interpreting minimum educational requirements.

Basic requirements for all grades

Applicants who meet the basic requirements described in the individual occupational requirements are fully qualified for the specified entry grade (generally grade GS-5). Applicants who wish to qualify for positions at higher grade levels (generally grade GS-7 and above) must also meet the requirements shown in the table on page IV-A-22, in addition to meeting the basic requirements.

The individual occupational requirements typically provide at least two methods for applicants to meet the basic requirements of the occupations covered by this standard:

Successful completion of a full 4-year course of study in an accredited college or university leading to a bachelor's or higher degree that included a major field of study or specific course requirements generally as stated in paragraph A in the individual occupational requirements.

Where specific course requirements are not indicated in paragraph A, the number of semester hours required to constitute a major field of study is the amount specified by the college or university attended. If this number cannot be obtained, 24 semester hours will be considered as equivalent to a major field of study. The nature and quality of this required course work must have been such that it would serve as a prerequisite for more advanced study in the field or subject-matter area. Related course work generally refers to courses that may be accepted as part of the program major.

Appropriate combination of education and experience that is typically specified in paragraph B of the individual occupational requirements. The "paragraph B" method generally requires that an applicant possess a core of educational credit, such as described in paragraph A above, plus additional education and/or experience. The method of determining the number of semester hours required to constitute a major field of study is the same as described in paragraph A.

The quality of the combination of education and experience must be sufficient to demonstrate that the applicant possesses the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to perform work in the occupation, and is comparable to that normally acquired through the successful completion of a full 4-year course of study with a major in the appropriate field. In addition to courses in the major and related fields, a typical college degree would have included courses that involved analysis, writing, critical thinking, research, etc. These courses would have provided an applicant with skills and abilities sufficient to perform progressively more responsible work in the occupation. Therefore, creditable experience should have demonstrated similarly appropriate skills or abilities needed to perform the work of the occupation.

The individual occupational requirements for some series make no provision for combining experience and education. Therefore, they do not include paragraph B provisions.

For a small number of occupations or positions covered by this standard, applicants may possess certain kinds of experience in lieu of education. In such cases, applicants may meet minimum qualification requirements through experience equivalent to a 4-year degree. These situations are generally described in paragraph C of the individual occupational requirements.

Applicants whose experience is used to meet the basic requirements through a paragraph B or C provision may qualify for grades above the entry level if that experience includes 1 year of specialized experience. In such cases, the specialized experience would have to be evaluated to determine if it is at the appropriate grade level in the normal line of progression.

Experience and education requirements for GS-7 and above

In addition to meeting the basic entry qualification requirements, applicants must have specialized experience and/or directly related education in the amounts shown in the table below.

GRADE/ POSITIONS	EDUCATION	SPECIALIZED EXPERIENCE
GS-7	1 year of graduate-level education superior academic achievement	1 year equivalent to at least GS-5
GS-9	2 years of progressively higher level graduate education leading to a master's degree master's or equivalent graduate degree	1 year equivalent to at least GS-7
GS-11	3 years of progressively higher level graduate education leading to a Ph.D. degree Ph.D. or equivalent doctoral degree	1 year equivalent to at least GS-9
GS-12 and above		1 year equivalent to at least next lower grade level

GS-11 research positions	Master's or equivalent graduate degree	1 year equivalent to at least GS-9
GS-12 research positions	Ph.D. or equivalent doctoral degree	1 year equivalent to at least GS-11
GS-13 and above research positions		1 year equivalent to at least next lower grade level

NOTE: Education and experience may be combined for all grade levels for which both education and experience are acceptable.

While the levels of experience shown for most positions covered by this standard follow the grade level progression pattern outlined in the table, users of the standard should refer to E.3. (p) in the "Policies and Instructions" for guidance on crediting experience for positions with different lines of progression.

Combining Education and Experience: When combining education with experience, first determine the applicant's total qualifying education as a percentage of the education required for the grade level; then determine the applicant's experience as a percentage of the experience required for the grade level; finally, add the two percentages. The total percentage must equal at least 100 percent to qualify an applicant for that grade level. For example, an applicant for a GS-184, Sociology, position has successfully completed 60 undergraduate semester hours, including 24 semester hours in sociology, and, in addition, has 2 full-time years of appropriate experience that demonstrates that the applicant possesses the necessary analytical and communication skills. The applicant would qualify for GS-5, since the 60 semester hours (the equivalent of 2 years of undergraduate education, or 50 percent of the total requirement) were supplemented by 2 additional years of appropriate experience that provided the remaining 50 percent of the total required education and experience.

Graduate Education: Completion of graduate level education in the amounts shown in the table, in addition to meeting the basic requirements, is qualifying for positions at grades GS-7 through GS-11, and GS-12 research positions if it provided the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to do the work. One year of full-time graduate education is considered to be the number of credit hours that the school attended has determined to represent 1 year of full-time study. If that number cannot be obtained from the school, 18 semester hours should be considered an academic year of graduate study. Part-time graduate education is creditable in accordance with its relationship to a year of full-time study at the school attended.

Research Positions: Positions that primarily involve scientific inquiry or investigation, or research-type exploratory development of a creative or advanced scientific nature, where the knowledge required to perform the work successfully is typically and primarily acquired through graduate study (master's or equivalent degree for GS-11, Ph.D. or equivalent for GS-12). The work is such that the academic preparation will equip the applicant to perform the full range of professional work of the position after a short orientation period.

Qualification on the basis of education--Applicants for such research positions can be considered qualified for GS-11 if they possess an appropriate master's or equivalent graduate degree, and qualified for GS-12 if they possess a Ph.D. or equivalent doctoral degree.

Qualification on the basis of experience--Applicants who furnish positive evidence that they have performed highly creative or outstanding research that has led or can lead to major advances in a specific area of research, to a major advance in the discipline or field of science involved, or to major advances in science in general, can be rated under this provision for highly demanding research positions requiring similar abilities. Under these circumstances, applicants can be rated eligible for the next higher grade level above that for which they would normally be rated, provided they have not been rated eligible at this higher grade on the basis of meeting the graduate study requirements described in paragraph 1 above. To receive this rating, the work must have been creative in the sense that it developed a basic principle, product, concept, method, approach, or technique, or provided a body of basic information that opened the way for a major advance in the discipline or field of science involved, or to advances in science in general, by providing a method of solving other problems, opening areas of research, or providing the means of exploiting the application of science in a major area.

Applicants cannot receive an "extra" grade for education, and an additional "extra" grade for appropriate experience.

Combination of Graduate Education and Professional Experience: Combinations of successfully completed graduate level education and specialized experience may be used to meet total experience requirements. Only graduate level education in excess of the amount required for the next lower grade level may be combined with experience. For example, an applicant with 6 months of appropriate experience equivalent to GS-7 (50 percent of the experience requirement for GS-9) and 27 semester hours of appropriate graduate education (50 percent of the education requirement for GS-9, in excess of that required for GS-7) would be qualified for a GS-9 position (assuming that there is no evidence that the attended college or university requires more than 18 semester hours as equivalent to a year of graduate study).

There are a variety of situations where agencies would be warranted in limiting consideration to applicants who possess the particular qualifications required to perform the work of positions covered by this standard. For example, an agency may require specific kinds of training appropriate for filling positions concerned with scientific research and development activities, or may require specific educational courses or combinations of courses (where the individual occupational requirements permit applicants to qualify based on several combinations of educational course work) to meet other specialized agency requirements. An agency filling an international economist position may require knowledge of international economics. In this case, since applicants can qualify on the basis of education, the agency may require certain types of educational courses. Similarly, in some cases, consideration may be limited only to those applicants who possess an appropriate license, registration, or certification, if possession of such is determined to be necessary for carrying out the responsibilities of a position and/or required by statute.

A list of the occupational series covered by this qualification standard is provided below. All occupational series covered by this standard have individual occupational requirements.

GS-020 Community Planning GS-101 Social Science GS-110 Economist GS-130 Foreign Affairs GS-131 International Relations GS-140 Workforce Research and Analysis GS-150 Geography GS-170 History GS-180 Psychology GS-184 Sociology GS-185 Social Work GS-190 General Anthropology GS-193 Archeology GS-401 General Biological Science GS-403 Microbiology GS-405 Pharmacology GS-408 Ecology GS-410 Zoology GS-413 Physiology GS-414 Entomology GS-415 Toxicology GS-430 Botany GS-434 Plant Pathology GS-435 Plant Physiology GS-436 Plant Protection and Quarantine GS-437 Horticulture GS-440 Genetics GS-454 Rangeland Management GS-457 Soil Conservation GS-460 Forestry GS-470 Soil Science GS-471 Agronomy GS-480 General Fish and Wildlife Administration GS-482 Fishery Biology GS-485 Wildlife Refuge Management GS-486 Wildlife Biology GS-487 Animal Science GS-510 Accounting GS-511 Auditing GS-512 Internal Revenue Agent GS-601 General Health Science GS-630 Dietitian and Nutritionist GS-631 Occupational Therapist GS-633 Physical Therapist GS-635 Corrective Therapist GS-637 Manual Arts Therapist GS-638 Recreation/Creative Arts Therapist GS-639 Educational Therapist GS-644 Medical Technologist GS-665 Speech Pathology and Audiology GS-690 Industrial Hygiene GS-696 Consumer Safety GS-801 General Engineering GS-803 Safety Engineering

GS-804 Fire Protection Engineering GS-806 Materials Engineering GS-807 Landscape Architecture GS-808 Architecture GS-810 Civil Engineering GS-819 Environmental Engineering GS-830 Mechanical Engineering GS-840 Nuclear Engineering GS-850 Electrical Engineering GS-854 Computer Engineering GS-855 Electronics Engineering GS-858 Biomedical Engineering GS-861 Aerospace Engineering GS-871 Naval Architecture GS-880 Mining Engineering GS-881 Petroleum Engineering GS-890 Agricultural Engineering GS-892 Ceramic Engineering GS-893 Chemical Engineering GS-894 Welding Engineering GS-896 Industrial Engineering GS-1015 Museum Curator GS-1221 Patent Adviser GS-1223 Patent Classifying GS-1224 Patent Examining GS-1226 Design Patent Examining GS-1301 General Physical Science GS-1306 Health Physics GS-1310 Physics GS-1313 Geophysics GS-1315 Hydrology GS-1320 Chemistry GS-1321 Metallurgy GS-1330 Astronomy and Space Science GS-1340 Meteorology GS-1350 Geology GS-1360 Oceanography GS-1370 Cartography GS-1372 Geodesy GS-1373 Land Surveying GS-1380 Forest Products Technology GS-1382 Food Technology GS-1384 Textile Technology GS-1386 Photographic Technology GS-1420 Archivist GS-1510 Actuary GS-1515 Operations Research GS-1520 Mathematics GS-1529 Mathematical Statistician GS-1530 Statistician GS-1550 Computer Science GS-1701 General Education and Training GS-1710 Education and Vocational Training GS-1720 Education Program GS-1725 Public Health Educator GS-1730 Education Research GS-1740 Education Services GS-1750 Instructional Systems

Competitive Service Student Trainee Positions

This standard describes the qualification requirements for student trainee positions made under career-conditional or career appointments in the competitive service. This standard is not applicable to students who are temporarily employed during summer vacations and who have not been appointed to a student trainee program in the competitive service as described above.

A student may be appointed to any position that leads to qualification in a two-grade interval professional, administrative, or technical occupational series and that provides an opportunity for the student's growth and development toward the target position.

A list of the occupational series covered by this standard is provided below and on page IV-A-25.

Requirements for initial appointment

Student trainees qualify as described below.

GRADE	LEVEL OF EDUCATION
GS-2	High school diploma or equivalent
GS-3	Completion of 1 academic year of post-high school study
GS-4	Completion of 2 academic years of post-high school study or associate's degree

The required education must lead to a bachelor's degree with specialization in or directly related to the field in which the student trainees will receive training on the job. The degree of specialization in this field must satisfy on graduation the specific educational requirements in the qualification standard for the corresponding two-grade interval positions.

Promotion Requirements

Student trainees may be promoted to higher-graded trainee positions based on completion of portions of the education and student trainee work experience.

To GS-3: Completion of one full semester or the equivalent of post-high school study and one period of student trainee work experience.

To GS-4: (a) Completion of 1 academic year of study and two periods of student trainee work experience; or (b) completion of 1½ academic years of study and one period of student trainee work experience.

Upon completion of all the requirements for a bachelor's degree in an appropriate field, student trainees may be reassigned or promoted in the appropriate target series to GS-5 or GS-7 if they meet the qualification requirements of the target occupation, including minimum educational requirements, if any.

Explanation of terms

An academic year of undergraduate education is defined as 30 semester hours, 45 quarter hours, or the equivalent in an accredited college or university.

For purposes of this standard, a period of student trainee work experience is the equivalent of 2 months (320 hours) of full-time work experience.

A written test is not required for these positions.

A list of the occupational series covered by this qualification standard is provided below.

GS-099 General Student Trainee GS-199 Social Science Student Trainee GS-299 Personnel Management Student Trainee GS-399 Administration and Office Support Student Trainee GS-499 Biological Science Student Trainee GS-599 Financial Management Student Trainee GS-699 Medical and Health Student Trainee GS-799 Veterinary Student Trainee GS-899 Engineering and Architecture Student Trainee GS-999 Legal Occupations Student Trainee GS-1099 Information and Arts Student Trainee GS-1199 Business and Industry Student Trainee

GS-1299 Copyright and Patent Student Trainee GS-1399 Physical Science Student Trainee GS-1499 Library and Archives Student Trainee GS-1599 Mathematics and Statistics Student Trainee GS-1699 Equipment and Facilities Management Student Trainee GS-1799 Education Student Trainee GS-1899 Investigation Student Trainee GS-1999 Quality Inspection Student Trainee GS-2099 Supply Student Trainee GS-2199 Transportation Student Trainee GS-2299 Information Technology Management Student Trainee

Pathways Internship Positions

This standard describes the qualification requirements for Schedule D, Internship appointments under the Pathways Programs authorized by Executive Order 13562 and applies to the white collar occupations listed below under the section, "Occupational Coverage." For student trainee appointments in the competitive service, refer to the Student Trainee Qualification Standard for Competitive Service Positions.

Agencies may:

establish agency-specific qualification requirements,
use this OPM qualification standard, or
use the OPM qualification requirements for the competitive service.

Requirements for Internship Appointments

Appointments may be at the highest grade level for which the Intern is qualified. Interns with no previous related education or experience may qualify as described below.

GRADE	LEVEL OF EDUCATION
GS-1	Enrollment in a high school diploma or General Education Diploma (GED) program.
GS-2	Completion of high school or GED diploma.
GS-3	Completion of I full academic year of post-high school study.
GS-4	Completion of 2 full academic years of post-high school study or an associate's degree.
GS-5	Completion of 4 academic years of post-high school leading to a bachelor's degree or equivalent degree.
GS-7	Completion of 1 full academic year of graduate level education; or Eligibility under the Superior Academic Achievement Provision and completion of a bachelor's degree.
GS-9	Completion of 2 academic years of graduate level education, or a master's degree or equivalent graduate degree.
GS-11	For research positions, completion of all requirements for a master's or equivalent graduate degree. For non-research positions, completion of all requirements for a PhD or equivalent degree.

One full academic year of undergraduate; graduate; vocational; trades; technical or high school education is the number of credit hours determined by the college, university or school to represent 1 year of full-time study. The high school curriculum must be approved by a State or local governing body. All education beyond high school must be accredited by an accrediting body or organization recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.

Special Provisions/or Interns with Previous Related Education or Experience. Previous education and/or experience may be evaluated to determine the highest grade level for which the individual is qualified.

Assessment Requirements

Agencies are required to assess/evaluate the qualifications of applicants for positions covered under Schedule D.

Agencies may use selective factors to identify special requirements needed to perform the work of individual positions.

Agencies may waive OPM test requirements for both initial appointment and non-competitive conversion to the competitive service

The advancement of Interns to higher-graded positions, prior to conversion, is strictly at the agency's discretion. To qualify for promotions, the Interns must have the same level and type of experience and/or education usually required for an initial appointment.

Interns may be non-competitively converted to a term, career-conditional or career appointment within 120 days following successful completion of all of their educational and work experience requirements in accordance with 5 CFR 362.204.

0099 General Intern (covers occupations in the 0006 through 0095 series) 0199 Social Science, Psychology, and Welfare Intern 0299 Human Resources Intern 0399 General Administrative and Office Services Intern 0499 Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Intern 0599 Accounting and Budget Intern 0699 Medical, Hospital, Dental and Public Health Intern 0799 Veterinary Medical Science Intern 0899 Engineering and Architecture Intern 0999 Legal and Kindred Intern 1099 Information and Arts Intern 1199 Business and Industry Intern 1299 Copyright, Patent, and Trade-Mark Intern 1399 Physical Sciences Intern 1499 Library and Archives Intern 1599 Mathematics and Statistics Intern 1699 Equipment, Facilities, and Service Intern 1799 Education Intern 1899 Inspection, Investigation, Enforcement, and Compliance Intern 1999 Quality Assurance, Inspection, and Grading Intern 2099 Supply Intern 2199 Transportation Intern 2299 Information Technology Intern

Standards by occupational series.

0000 - 0099 - Miscellaneous Occupations
0100 - 0199 - Social Science, Psychology, and Welfare
0200 - 0299 - Human Resources Management
0300 - 0399 - General Administrative, Clerical, and Office Services
0400 - 0499 - Biological Sciences
0500 - 0599 - Accounting and Budget
0600 - 0699 - Medical, Hospital, Dental, and Public Health
0700 - 0799 - Veterinary Medical Science
0800 - 0899 - Engineering and Architecture
0900 - 0999 - Legal and Kindred
1000 - 1099 - Information and Arts
1100 - 1199 - Business and Industry
1200 - 1299 - Copyright, Patent, and Trade-Mark
1300 - 1399 - Physical Sciences
1400 - 1499 - Library and Archives
1500 - 1599 - Mathematics and Statistics
1600 - 1699 - Equipment, Facilities, and Service
1700 - 1799 - Education
1800 - 1899 - Inspection, Investigation, Enforcement, and Compliance
1900 - 1999 - Quality Assurance, Inspection and Grading
2000 - 2099 - Supply
2100 - 2199 - Transportation
2200 - 2299 - Information Technology Management

Occupational Series -- 0000 - 0099 - Miscellaneous Occupations
Position Title	Min. Ed.
		X
		X




X






	X
(No OPM-issued Qualification Standard)




		X
		X
		X
		X
		X
		X
		X



(No OPM-issued Qualification Standard)

Occupational Series -- 0100 - 0199 - Social Science, Psychology, and Welfare
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

	X			X




	X





	(There is no OPM-issued Qualification Standard for this Position)

	X

	X

	X
	X

	X
	X




	X some positions.

Occupational Series -- 0200 - 0299 - Human Resources Management
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

Occupational Series -- 0300 - 0399 - General Administrative, Clerical, and Office Services
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

Occupational Series -- 0400 - 0499 - Biological Sciences
Position Title	Min. Ed.
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X


X
X
X
X

X
X	X for Pilot duties	X for Pilot duties
X
X

Occupational Series -- 0500 - 0599 - Accounting and Budget
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate



	X
	X
	X

Occupational Series -- 0600 - 0699 - Medical, Hospital, Dental, and Public Health
Position Title	Min. Ed.
X
X	X
X	X
X	X
	X


X	X
X	X
X	X
X	X

X

	X
X


	X
	X


X	X	X

X	X
X	X

X	X







X	X	X
	X
X Comm. Health	X



X
X

Occupational Series -- 0700 - 0799 - Veterinary Medical Science
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate
	X

Occupational Series -- 0800 - 0899 - Engineering and Architecture
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate
	X
	X

	X
	X
	X
	X
	X

	X

	X

	X
	X
	X
	X
	X

	X
	X
	X

	X
	X
	X
	X

	X

Occupational Series -- 0900 - 0999 - Legal and Kindred
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

	(There are No OPM Issued Qualification Standards for this position)
	(There are No OPM Issued Qualification Standards for this position)

Occupational Series -- 1000 - 1099 - Information and Arts
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

Occupational Series -- 1100 - 1199 - Business and Industry
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

Occupational Series -- 1200 - 1299 - Copyright, Patent, and Trade-Mark
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

	(There are No OPM Issued Qualification Standards for this position)
	(There are No OPM Issued Qualification Standards for this position)
	(There are No OPM Issued Qualification Standards for this position)

	(There are No OPM Issued Qualification Standards for this position)
	X
	X

Occupational Series -- 1300 - 1399 - Physical Sciences
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate
	X
	X
	X

	X
	X

	X
	X
	X
	X

	X
	X

	X

	X
	X

	X
	X
	X

Occupational Series -- 1400 - 1499 - Library and Archives
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.
	X
1411
1412
1420		X
1421
1421
1499

Occupational Series -- 1500 - 1599 - Mathematics and Statistics
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate
	X
	X
	X
	X

	X
	X


	X
	X

Occupational Series -- 1600 - 1699 - Equipment, Facilities, and Service
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

Occupational Series -- 1700 - 1799 - Education
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate
	X


	X



	X
	X
	X
	X

Occupational Series -- 1800 - 1899 - Inspection, Investigation, Enforcement, and Compliance
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

				X
				X



				X
				X
		X		X
				X
		X Some Positions		X

				X


				X
				X


				X
				X

Occupational Series -- 1900 - 1999 - Quality Assurance, Inspection, and Grading
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate
1910
1980
1980
1981
1999

Occupational Series -- 2000 - 2099 - Supply
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

Occupational Series -- 2100 - 2199 - Transportation
Position Title	Min. Ed.












		X


	X	X

Mostly military reserve technician positions

Occupational Series -- 2200 - 2299 - Information Technology Management
Series	Position Title	Min. Ed.	License or Certificate

Standards by Title

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Accounting Series, 510 Accounting Technician Series, 525 Actuarial Science Series, 1510 Administration and Office Support Student Trainee Series, 399 Administrative Law Judge Positions Administrative Officer Series, 341 Advanced Practice Nurse, 610 Aerospace Engineering Series, 861 Agricultural Commodity Aid Series, 1981 Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain) / (Dept. of Agriculture) Series, 1980 Agricultural Commodity Grading Series, 1980 Agricultural Engineering Series, 890 Agricultural Market Reporting Series, 1147 Agricultural Marketing Series, 1146 Agricultural Program Specialist Series, 1145 Agricultural Warehouse Inspection Series, 1850 Agronomy Series, 471 Air Navigation Series, 2183 Air Safety Investigating Series, 1815

Air Traffic Assistance Series, 2154 Air Traffic Control Series, 2152 Aircraft Operation Series, 2181 Aircrew Technician Series, 2185 Airway Transportation Systems Specialist / (Dept. of Transportation) Series, 2101 Animal Health Technician Series, 704 Animal Science Series, 487 Appraising Series, 1171 Apprenticeship and Training Series, 243 Archeology Series, 193 Architecture Series, 808 Archives Technician Series, 1421 Archivist Series, 1420 Art Specialist Series, 1056 Astronomy and Space Science Series, 1330 Audiologist, 665 Audiovisual Production Series, 1071 Auditing Series, 511 Aviation Safety Series, 1825

Biological Science Student Trainee Series, 499 Biological Science Technician Series, 404 Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering Series, 858 Bond Sales Promotion Series, 011 Border Patrol Agent Series, 1896

Botany Series, 430 Budget Analysis Series, 560 Budget Clerical and Assistance Series, 561 Building Management Series, 1176 Business and Industry Student Trainee Series, 1199 Business Opportunity Specialist (Small Business Administration), Series 1101

Canine Enforcement Officer / (Dept. of the Treasury) Series, 1801 Cargo Scheduling Series, 2144 Cartographic Technician Series, 1371 Cartography Series, 1370 Cash Processing Series, 530 Cemetery Administration Services Series, 1630 Chaplain Series, 060 Chemical Engineering Series, 893 Chemistry Series, 1320 Civil Engineering Series, 810 Civil Rights Analysis Series, 160 Civilian Pay Series, 544 Claims Assistance and Examining Series, 998 Clerk-Typist Series, 322 Closed Microphone Reporting Series, 319 Clothing Design Series, 062 Commissary Store Management Series, 1144 Communications Clerical Series, 394 Community Planning Series, 020 Community Planning Technician Series, 021 Compliance Inspection and Support Series, 1802 Computer Clerk and Assistant Series, 335

Computer Engineering Series, 854 Computer Operation Series, 332 Computer Science Series, 1550 Construction Analyst Series, 828 Construction Control Technical Series, 809 Consumer Safety Series, 696 Consumer Safety Inspection Series, 1862 Contact Representative Series, 962 Contracting Series, 1102 Copyright Series, 1210 Copyright and Patent Student Trainee Series, 1299 Copyright Technician Series, 1211 Correctional Institution Administration Series, 006 Correctional Officer Series, 007 Correctional Treatment Specialist / (Dept. of Justice) Series, 101 Correspondence Clerk Series, 309 Criminal Investigation Series, 1811 Crop Insurance Administration Series, 1161 Crop Insurance Underwriting Series, 1162 Cryptanalysis Series, 1541 Customs and Border Protection Series, 1895 Customs and Border Protection Interdiction Series, 1881 Customs Entry and Liquidating Series, 1894

Data Science Series, 1560 Data Transcriber Series, 356 Dental Assistant Series, 681 Dental Hygiene Series, 682 Dental Laboratory Aid and Technician Series, 683 Dentistry Series, 680

Diagnostic Radiologic Technologist Series, 647 Dietetics And Nutrition Series, 630 Dispatching Series, 2151 Distribution Facilities and Storage Management Series, 2030 Document Analysis Series, 1397 Design Patent Examining Series, 1226

Ecology Series, 408 Economics Assistant Series, 119 Economist Series, 110 Editorial Assistance Series, 1087 Education and Training Technician Series, 1702 Education and Vocational Training Series, 1710 Education Program Series, 1720 Education Research Series, 1730 Education Services Series, 1740 Education Student Trainee Series, 1799 Electric Accounting Machine Operation Series, 359 Electric Accounting Machine Project Planning Series, 362 Electrical Engineering Series, 850 Electronics Engineering Series, 855 Electronics Technical Series, 856 Emergency Management Series, 0089 Engineering and Architecture Student Trainee Series, 899 Engineering Technician Series, 802

Entomology Series, 414 Environmental Engineering Series, 819 Environmental Health Technician Series, 698 Environmental Protection Assistant Series, 029 Environmental Protection Specialist Series, 028 Equal Employment Opportunity Series, 260 Equal Opportunity Assistance Series, 361 Equal Opportunity Compliance Series, 360 Equal Opportunity Investigation Series, 1860 Equipment, Facilities, and Services Series, 1601 Equipment, Facilities, and Services Assistance Series, 1603 Equipment and Facilities Management Student Trainee Series, 1699 Equipment Operator Series, 350 Equipment Services Series, 1670 Exhibits Specialist Series, 1010 Explosives Safety Series, 0017

Facility Operations Services 1640 Financial Administration and Program Series, 501 Financial Analysis Series, 1160 Financial Clerical and Technician Series, 503 Financial Institution Examining Series, 570 Financial Management Series, 505 Financial Management Student Trainee Series, 599 Fingerprint Identification Series, 072 Fire Protection and Prevention Series, 081 Fire Protection Engineering Series, 804 Fishery Biology Series, 482

Food Inspection Series, 1863 Food Services Series, 1667 Food Technology Series, 1382 Foreign Affairs Series, 130 Foreign Agricultural Affairs Series, 135 Foreign Law Specialist Series, 095 Forest Products Technology Series, 1380 Forestry Series, 460 Forestry Technician Series, 462 Freight Rate Series, 2131 Funeral Directing Series, 050

General Anthropology Series, 190 General Arts and Information Series, 1001 General Attorney Series, 905 General Business and Industry Series, 1101 General Education and Training Series, 1701 General Engineering Series, 801 General Facilities and Equipment Series, 1601 General Fish and Wildlife Administration Series, 480 General Medical and Healthcare Series, 601 General Inspection, Investigation, Enforcement, and Compliance Series, 1801 General Investigation Series, 1810 General Legal and Kindred Administration Series, 901

General Mathematics and Statistics Series, 1501 General Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Series, 401 General Physical Science Series, 1301 General Student Trainee Series, 099 General Supply Series, 2001 General Telecommunications Series, 392 Genetics Series, 440 Geodesy Series, 1372 Geodetic Technician Series, 1374 Geography Series, 150 Geology Series, 1350 Geophysics Series, 1313 Government Information Series, 0306 Grain Marketing Specialist / (Dept. of Agriculture) Series, 1146 Grants Management Series, 1109 Guide Series, 090

Health Aid and Technician Series, 640 Health Insurance Administration Series, 107 Health Physics Series, 1306 Health System Administration Series, 670 Health System Specialist Series, 671 Hearings and Appeals Series, 930 Highway Safety Series, 2125 History Series, 170 Horticulture Series, 437

Hospital Housekeeping Management Series, 673 Housing Management Series, 1173 Human Resources Assistance Series, 203 Human Resources Management Series, 201 Human Resources Management Student Trainee Series, 299 Hydrologic Technician Series, 1316 Hydrology Series, 1315

Illustrating Series, 1020 Import Compliance Series, 1889 Industrial Engineering Series, 896 Industrial Engineering Technical Series, 895 Industrial Hygiene Series, 690 Industrial Property Management Series, 1103 Industrial Specialist Series, 1150 Information and Arts Student Trainee Series, 1099 Information Receptionist Series, 304 Information Technology Management Series, 2210 (Alternative A) Information Technology Management Series, 2210 (Alternative B) Information Technology Management Student Trainee Series, 2299 Instructional Systems Series, 1750 Insurance Examining Series, 1163

Intelligence Series, 132 Intelligence Aid and Clerk Series, 134 Interior Design Series, 1008 Internal Revenue Agent Series, 512 Internal Revenue Officer Series, 1169 International Cooperation Series, 136 International Radio Broadcaster / (U.S. Information Agency) Series, 1001 International Relations Series, 131 International Trade Analyst / (U.S. International Trade Commission) Series, 1101 International Trade Specialist / (Dept. of Commerce) Series, 1140 Inventory Management Series, 2010 Investigation Student Trainee Series, 1899 Investigative Analysis Series, 1805 Irrigation System Operation Series, 459

Kinesiotherapy Series, 635

Labor Management Relations Examining Series, 244 Land Law Examining Series, 965 Land Surveying Series, 1373 Landscape Architecture Series, 807 Language Clerical Series, 1046 Language Specialist Series, 1040 Laundry Operations Services Series, 1658 Law Clerk Series, 904 Legal Clerical and Assistance Series, 986

Legal Instruments Examining Series, 963 Legal Occupations Student Trainee Series, 999 Librarian Series, 1410 Library and Archives Student Trainee Series, 1499 Library Technician Series, 1411 Loan Specialist Series, 1165 Logistics Management Series, 346

Mail and File Series, 305 Management and Program Analysis Series, 343 Management and Program Clerical and Assistance Series, 344 Marine Cargo Series, 2161 Marine Survey Technical Series, 873 Materials Engineering Series, 806 Mathematical Statistics Series, 1529 Mathematics Series, 1520 Mathematics and Statistics Student Trainee Series, 1599 Mathematics Technician Series, 1521 Mechanical Engineering Series, 830 Mediation Series, 241 Medical and Health Student Trainee Series, 699 Medical Support Assistance Series, 679 Medical Instrument Technician Series, 649 Physician Series, 602 Medical Records Administration Series, 669 Medical Records Technician Series, 675

Medical Supply Aide and Technician Series, 622 Medical Technician Series, 645 Clinical Laboratory Science Series, 644 Messenger Series, 302 Metallurgy Series, 1321 Meteorological Technician Series, 1341 Meteorology Series, 1340 Microbiology Series, 403 Military Pay Series, 545 Mine Safety and Health Inspection Series, 1822 Mining Engineering Series, 880 Miscellaneous Administration and Program Series, 301 Miscellaneous Clerk and Assistant Series, 303 Motor Carrier Safety Series, 2123 Museum Curator Series, 1015 Museum Specialist and Technician Series, 1016 Music Specialist Series, 1051

Naval Architecture Series, 871 Navigational Information Series, 1361 Nuclear Engineering Series, 840 Nuclear Materials Courier Series, 084

Nuclear Medicine Technician Series, 642 Nursing Series, 610 Nursing Assistant Series, 621 Nutritionist, 630

Occupational Therapy Series, 631 Oceanography Series, 1360 Office Automation Clerical and Assistance Series, 326 Open Mess Manager / (Dept. of the Air Force) Series, 1101

Operations Research Series, 1515 Optometry Series, 662 Orthotist and Prosthetist Series, 667 Outdoor Recreation Planning Series, 023

Packaging Series, 2032 Paralegal Specialist Series, 950 Park Ranger Series, 025 Passport and Visa Examining Series, 967 Patent Administration Series, 1220 Patent Adviser Series, 1221 Patent Attorney Series, 1222 Patent Classifying Series, 1223 Patent Examining Series, 1224 Patent Technician Series, 1202 Pathology Technician Series, 646 Pension Law Specialist Series, 958 Petroleum Engineering Series, 881 Pharmacy Series, 660 Pharmacology Series, 405 Pharmacy Technician Series, 661 Photography Series, 1060 Physical Science Student Trainee Series, 1399 Physical Science Technician Series, 1311 Physical Therapy Series, 633 Physician Assistant Series, 603 Physics Series, 1310 Physiology Series, 413

Plant Pathology Series, 434 Plant Physiology Series, 435 Plant Protection Technician Series, 421 Podiatry Series, 668 Police Series, 083 Practical Nurse Series, 620 Printing Services Series, 1654 Procurement Clerical and Technician Series, 1106 Production Control Series, 1152 Program Management Series, 340 Property Disposal Series, 1104 Property Disposal Clerical and Technician Series, 1107 Prosthetic Representative Series, 672 Psychology Series, 180 Psychology Aid and Technician Series, 181 Public Affairs Series, 1035 Public Health Educator Series, 1725 Public Health Program Specialist Series, 685 Public Utilities Specialist Series, 1130 Purchasing Series, 1105

Quality Assurance Series, 1910

Quality Inspection Student Trainee Series, 1999

Railroad Retirement Claims Examining Series, 993 Railroad Safety Series, 2121 Rangeland Management Series, 454 Range Technician Series, 455 Realty Series, 1170 Records and Information Management Specialist, 308 Recreation Aid and Assistant Series, 189 Recreation/Creative Arts Therapy Series, 638

Recreation Specialist Series, 188 Regulatory Impact Analyst (Research), Series, 11/above / (Environmental Protection Agency) GS-301 Rehabilitation Therapy Assistant Series, 636 Respiratory Therapist Series, 651

Safety and Occupational Health Management Series, 018 Safety Engineering Series, 803 Safety Technician Series, 019 Sales Store Clerical Series, 2091 Sanitarian Series, 688 Secretary Series, 318 Security Administration Series, 080 Security Clerical and Assistance Series, 086 Security Guard Series, 085 Social Insurance Administration Series, 105 Social Science Series, 101 Social Science Aid and Technician Series, 102 Social Science Student Trainee Series, 199 Social Services Series, 187 Social Services Aid and Assistant Series, 186

Social Work Series, 185 Sociology Series, 184 Soil Conservation Series, 457 Soil Conservation Technician Series, 458 Soil Science Series, 470 Speech/Language Pathology and Audiology Series, 665 Sports Specialist Series, 030 Statistical Assistant Series, 1531 Statistics Series, 1530 Supply Clerical and Technician Series, 2005 Supply Program Management Series, 2003 Supply Student Trainee Series, 2099 Support Services Administration Series, 342 Surface Mining Reclamation Specialist / (Dept. of the Interior) Series, 1801 Surveying Technical Series, 817

Tax Examining Series, 592 Tax Law Specialist Series, 987 Tax Specialist Series, 526 Technical Information Services Series, 1412 Technical Writing and Editing Series, 1083 Telecommunications Series, 391 Telecommunications Processing Series, 390 Telephone Operating Series, 382 Textile Technology Series, 1384 Theater Specialist Series, 1054 Therapeutic Radiologic Technologist Series, 648 Toxicology Series, 415

Trade Specialist Series, 1140 Traffic Management Series, 2130 Training Instruction Series, 1712 Transportation Clerk and Assistant Series, 2102 Transportation Industry Analysis Series, 2110 Transportation Operations Series, 2150 Transportation Specialist Series, 2101 Transportation Student Trainee Series, 2199 Treasury Enforcement Agent / (Dept. of the Treasury) Series, 1811

Unemployment Compensation Claims Examining Series, 994 Unemployment Insurance Series, 106

United States Marshal Series, 082

Veterans Claims Examining Series, 996 Veterinary Medical Science Series, 701 Veterinary Student Trainee Series, 799

Visual Information Series, 1084 Vocational Rehabilitation Series, 1715 Voucher Examining Series, 540

Wage and Hour Investigation Series, 1849 Wildlife Biology Series, 486 Wildlife Refuge Management Series, 485 Workforce Development Series, 142

Workforce Research and Analysis Series, 140 Work Unit Supervising Series, 313 Workers' Compensation Claims Examining Series, 991 Writing and Editing Series, 1082

Zoology Series, 410

Specialty Areas

Qualification Standard for Administrative Law Judge Positions
Supervisory Positions
Policy Analysis and Administrative Analysis Positions
Positions Involving Equal Employment Opportunity Collateral Assignments
Positions Requiring Collateral Correctional Skills

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The goldman sachs group, inc. (gs).

Previous Close 474.06
Open 475.99
Bid 475.00 x 800
Ask 483.00 x 800
Day's Range 475.50 - 482.10
52 Week Range 289.36 - 517.26
Volume 1,775,520
Avg. Volume 2,213,220
Market Cap (intraday) 151.265B
Beta (5Y Monthly) 1.35
PE Ratio (TTM) 15.36
EPS (TTM) 31.18
Earnings Date Oct 15, 2024
Forward Dividend & Yield 12.00 (2.51%)
Ex-Dividend Date Aug 30, 2024
1y Target Est 517.11

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Overview Capital Markets / Financial Services

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., a financial institution, provides a range of financial services for corporations, financial institutions, governments, and individuals worldwide. It operates through Global Banking & Markets, Asset & Wealth Management, and Platform Solutions segments. The Global Banking & Markets segment provides financial advisory services, including strategic advisory assignments related to mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, corporate defense activities, restructurings, and spin-offs; and relationship lending, and acquisition financing, as well as secured lending, through structured credit and asset-backed lending and involved in financing under securities to resale agreements. This segment also offers client execution activities for cash and derivative instruments; credit and interest rate products; and provision of mortgages, currencies, commodities, and equities related products, as well as underwriting services. The Asset & Wealth Management segment manages assets across various classes, including equity, fixed income, hedge funds, credit funds, private equity, real estate, currencies, and commodities; and provides customized investment advisory solutions, wealth advisory services, personalized financial planning, and private banking services, as well as invests in corporate equity, credit, real estate, and infrastructure assets. The Platform Solutions segment offers credit cards and point-of-sale financing for purchase of goods or services. This segment also provides cash management services, such as deposit-taking and payment solutions for corporate and institutional clients. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. was founded in 1869 and is headquartered in New York, New York.

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Performance overview: gs.

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Statistics: GS

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Research Analysis: GS

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Basic Requirements: Degree: in operations research; or at least 24 semester hours in a combination of operations research, mathematics, probability, statistics, mathematical logic, science, or subject-matter courses requiring substantial competence in college-level mathematics or statistics. At least 3 of the 24 semester hours must have been in ...
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The Research Grade Evaluation Guide (RGEG) provides grading criteria for nonsupervisory professional research work in the engineering and biological, medical, agricultural, physical, mathematical, and social sciences occupational groups for General Schedule (GS) and other "white collar" pay plans.
Research Grants Grade-Evaluation Guide
COVERAGE. This guide provides criteria for evaluating the grade level of professional and scientific positions primarily concerned with the analysis, evaluation, planning, organizing, coordination, and approval of scientific research programs and projects that are carried out in educational, research, and other institutions.
Reports
Goldman Sachs Research Goldman Sachs Research features original insights on the economy, markets and industries, drawn from research teams around the world. See All Goldman Sachs Research Top of Mind Allison Nathan of Goldman Sachs Research dives into macro developments that are top of mind for investors, executives and policymakers.
Careers in Global Investment Research
Your work in Global Investment Research will make an impact. Our research has helped influence economic policy and continues to address critical challenges around climate change, racial and gender inequality, and the integration of emerging markets into the global economy. Explore our thought leadership, press coverage and market-leading ...
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. Research & Ratings
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. research and ratings by Barron's. View GS revenue estimates and earnings estimates, as well as in-depth analyst breakdowns.
Financial Intermediary Home
The views and opinions expressed may differ from those of Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research or other departments or divisions of Goldman Sachs and its affiliates. Investors are urged to consult with their financial advisors before buying or selling any securities. This information may not be current and Goldman Sachs Asset Management has ...
Google Scholar
Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. Search across a wide variety of disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions.
General Schedule Qualification Standards
Research Positions: Positions that primarily involve scientific inquiry or investigation, or research-type exploratory development of a creative or advanced scientific nature, where the knowledge required to perform the work successfully is typically and primarily acquired through graduate study (master's or equivalent degree for GS-11, Ph.D ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (GS)
Research Reports: GS View More . Goldman Sachs: Increasing Our Fair Value Estimate to $460 . Goldman Sachs is a leading global investment banking and asset management firm. Approximately 20% of ...
Research
Research across Social Science and Humanities Fields: Alumni/ae and Graduate Student Panel. Event.
PDF Global Macro S Research TOP MIND IS CHINA INVESTABLE?
Email: [email protected]. Tel: 212-357-7504 Goldman Sachs and Co. LLC. Interview with Fred Hu. Fred Hu is Founder, Chairman and CEO of Primavera Capital Group, a China-based investment firm focused on innovative industries. Previously, he was Partner and Chairman of Greater China at Goldman Sachs.
Goldman Sachs (GS) Advances But Underperforms Market: Key Facts
Goldman Sachs (GS) ended the recent trading session at $471.03, demonstrating a +0.83% swing from the preceding day's closing price. The stock trailed the S&P 500, which registered a daily gain of ...
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Gold prices forecast to climb to record high
Goldman Sachs Research expects the buying spree to persist amid concerns about US financial sanctions and the growing US sovereign debt burden. Fed rate cuts: Higher interest rates tend to make gold, which doesn't offer a yield, less attractive to investors. Rate cuts by the Fed will likely bring Western investors back into the gold market ...
Insights
The newest generation of GLP-1 drugs are being hailed by some as "miracle drugs" for the treatment of obesity. But GLP-1s are expensive, insurance coverage is limited, and not everyone with obesity can or wants to take them. Just how large the addressable market for GLP-1s actually is, and what that means for the drug companies developing ...

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