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30 Logical Thinking Test Questions and Answers
Logical thinking, also known as rational or critical thinking, refers to the ability to analyze information, reason logically, and draw valid conclusions based on evidence and facts. It involves employing objective and systematic approaches to problem-solving, decision-making, and evaluating arguments or situations.
Logical thinking relies on several key components, including:
1. Reasoning: The process of drawing conclusions or making inferences based on available information, facts, and evidence. It involves evaluating relationships between ideas, identifying patterns, and making logical connections.
2. Analysis: Breaking down complex information or problems into smaller, more manageable parts to understand their individual components and their relationships. This allows for a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
3. Evaluation: Assessing the validity, credibility, and relevance of information, arguments, or claims. It involves critically examining evidence and sources to determine their reliability and potential biases.
4. Decision-making: The process of selecting the most suitable course of action among various alternatives. Logical thinking helps in considering the available options, evaluating their potential outcomes, and making informed decisions based on evidence and logical analysis.
5. Objectivity: Approaching information and situations without personal biases, emotions, or preconceived notions. Logical thinking encourages individuals to focus on facts and evidence rather than subjective opinions or beliefs.
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Developing logical thinking skills is essential in various aspects of life, including academics, professional settings, problem-solving tasks, and everyday decision-making. It enables individuals to think critically, make informed choices, and effectively analyze and solve complex problems. Logical thinking helps individuals become better communicators, more effective leaders, and more proficient in understanding and navigating the world around them.
In this article
- Part 1: 30 logical thinking test questions & answers
Certainly! Here are 30 multiple-choice questions and answers to test your logical thinking skills:
Part 1: 30 multiple-choice questions and answers to test your logical thinking skills
1. Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? a) All mammals have fur. A dog is a mammal. Therefore, a dog has fur. b) Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly. c) Apples are a type of fruit. Oranges are a type of fruit. Therefore, apples are oranges. d) None of the above Answer: a) All mammals have fur. A dog is a mammal. Therefore, a dog has fur.
2. If all cats have whiskers and Fluffy is a cat, what can we conclude? a) Fluffy does not have whiskers. b) Fluffy has whiskers. c) All animals with whiskers are cats. d) None of the above Answer: b) Fluffy has whiskers.
3. Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning? a) Every time I eat strawberries, I get a headache. Therefore, strawberries cause headaches. b) All birds have wings. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins have wings. c) All trees are green. This tree is green. Therefore, this tree is a tree. d) None of the above Answer: a) Every time I eat strawberries, I get a headache. Therefore, strawberries cause headaches.
4. If A implies B and B implies C, what can we conclude? a) A implies C. b) C implies A. c) B implies A. d) None of the above Answer: a) A implies C.
5. Which of the following is an example of logical reasoning? a) If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet, so it must be raining. b) If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is dry, so it must be raining. c) If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet, so it cannot be raining. d) None of the above Answer: a) If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet, so it must be raining.
6. If all dogs have tails, and Max is a dog, what can we conclude? a) Max does not have a tail. b) Max has a tail. c) Only some dogs have tails. d) None of the above Answer: b) Max has a tail.
7. If all birds can fly, and penguins are birds, what can we conclude? a) Penguins can fly. b) Penguins cannot fly. c) Not all birds can fly. d) None of the above Answer: b) Penguins cannot fly.
8. If A is true, and A implies B, what can we conclude? a) B is true. b) A is false. c) B is false. d) None of the above Answer: a) B is true.
9. If some dogs have spots, and Max is a dog without spots, what can we conclude? a) Max must be a different species. b) Max is a dog with spots. c) Max is a dog without spots. d) None of the above Answer: c) Max is a dog without spots.
10. If all swans are white, and this bird is white, what can we conclude? a) This bird is a swan. b) This bird is not a swan. c) All birds are white. d) None of the above Answer: a) This bird is a swan.
11. If all cars have wheels, and this vehicle has wheels, what can we conclude? a) This vehicle is a car. b) This vehicle is not a car. c) All vehicles have wheels. d) None of the above Answer: a) This vehicle is a car.
12. If it is sunny, John goes for a walk. John is going for a walk. What can we conclude? a) It is sunny. b) It is not sunny. c) John always goes for a walk. d) None of the above Answer: d) None of the above
13. If all pens write, and this pen does not write, what can we conclude? a) This pen is broken. b) All pens do not write. c) This pen is not a pen. d) None of the above Answer: a) This pen is broken.
14. If all apples are fruits, and this is a fruit, what can we conclude? a) This is an apple. b) This is not an apple. c) All fruits are apples. d) None of the above Answer: b) This is not an apple.
15. If A is true and B is false, what can we conclude about “A and B”? a) “A and B” is true. b) “A and B” is false. c) It is not possible to determine the truth value of “A and B”. d) None of the above Answer: b) “A and B” is false.
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16. If all squares are rectangles, and this shape is a rectangle, what can we conclude? a) This shape is a square. b) This shape is not a square. c) All rectangles are squares. d) None of the above Answer: b) This shape is not a square.
17. If it is hot outside, and Jane is wearing a coat, what can we conclude? a) Jane is cold. b) Jane is not cold. c) It is not hot outside. d) None of the above Answer: b) Jane is not cold.
18. If all triangles have three sides, and this shape has three sides, what can we conclude? a) This shape is a triangle. b) This shape is not a triangle. c) All shapes have three sides. d) None of the above Answer: a) This shape is a triangle.
19. If all birds have beaks
, and this animal has a beak, what can we conclude? a) This animal is a bird. b) This animal is not a bird. c) All animals have beaks. d) None of the above Answer: a) This animal is a bird.
20. If A implies B and B implies C, what can we conclude about A and C? a) A implies C. b) C implies A. c) B implies A. d) None of the above Answer: a) A implies C.
21. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet, so it must be raining. What type of reasoning is this an example of? a) Deductive reasoning b) Inductive reasoning c) Abductive reasoning d) None of the above Answer: a) Deductive reasoning
22. If all mammals have fur, and a cat is a mammal, what can we conclude? a) All mammals are cats. b) Cats have fur. c) All animals have fur. d) None of the above Answer: b) Cats have fur.
23. If it is 5 PM and the store closes at 6 PM, what can we conclude? a) The store is open. b) The store is closed. c) It is daytime. d) None of the above Answer: a) The store is open.
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24. If A implies B, and B is false, what can we conclude about A? a) A is true. b) A is false. c) It is not possible to determine the truth value of A. d) None of the above Answer: b) A is false.
25. If all dogs have tails, and Max is a dog without a tail, what can we conclude? a) Max is not a dog. b) Max is a dog with a tail. c) Max is a dog without a tail. d) None of the above Answer: a) Max is not a dog.
26. If it is winter, then it is cold. It is winter, so it must be cold. What type of reasoning is this an example of? a) Deductive reasoning b) Inductive reasoning c) Abductive reasoning d) None of the above Answer: a) Deductive reasoning
27. If all birds can fly, and a penguin is a bird, what can we conclude about penguins? a) Penguins can fly. b) Penguins cannot fly. c) Not all birds can fly. d) None of the above Answer: b) Penguins cannot fly.
28. If A implies B, and B implies C, what can we conclude about C and A? a) C implies A. b) A implies C. c) B implies A. d) None of the above Answer: b) A implies C.
29. If all fruits are healthy, and an apple is a fruit, what can we conclude about apples? a) Apples are healthy. b) Apples are not healthy. c) All healthy things are apples. d) None of the above Answer: a) Apples are healthy.
30. If it is daytime, and John is sleeping, what can we conclude? a) It is nighttime. b) It is daytime. c) John is not sleeping. d) None of the above Answer: d) None of the above
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Logical Reasoning Tests
- 100 questions
Logical reasoning tests are a type of psychometric test used to measure your problem-solving skills. They come in various forms, but all have the underlying purpose of assessing your logical aptitude and your ability to draw conclusions from a given set of information.
What is a logical reasoning test?
A logical reasoning test is an assessment that measures your ability to interpret information, apply logic to solve problems and draw relevant conclusions. It is typically non-verbal and in a multiple-choice format, and requires the use of rules and deduction to reach answers, rather than prior knowledge.
That said, logical reasoning is actually an umbrella term for multiple types of assessment, and you may find you’re asked to take any one of the following five test types as part of a job application.
Deductive reasoning
Commonly presented as a series of word problems, deductive reasoning tests require you to apply top-down-logic; that is, you must draw the right conclusion from a set of given premises.
Typically, you’ll be presented with a short paragraph, or stimulus, detailing an argument, scenario or a number of stated facts, and a set of possible answers. Only one of these answers can be true, based on the evidence provided.
You may also be given a conclusive statement and asked to decide if it is true or false, or if there’s insufficient information to conclude either way.
Inductive reasoning
Unlike deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning tests ask you to make general inferences – probable conclusions based on a set of information, rather than unquestionable outcomes.
This is most often done through the use of shapes, patterns, sequences and diagrams.
You’ll need to quickly identify relationships and rules, then apply these to find the most logical answer from the multiple-choice options. This could be identifying the odd one out, filling in the missing part of a pattern, or finding the next part of a sequence.
Diagrammatic reasoning
Similar to inductive reasoning, diagrammatic reasoning tests offer visual representations of a problem and require you to make logical connections to draw a conclusion.
Questions often take the form of a diagram with inputs and outputs, and you’ll be required to select which processes from a list of operators would achieve the documented effect.
You may also be presented with sets of abstract sequences, given a standalone visual, and asked to select which set it belongs to.
Abstract reasoning
Abstract reasoning tests are essentially inductive and/or diagrammatic reasoning tests under another name.
They too require you to find relationships and rules between visual sequences, then apply these to select the correct image from multiple options, be it a missing part or a continuation of the sequence in question.
Critical reasoning
Critical reasoning tests are more akin to deductive reasoning tests, in that you’ll be dealing with word-based scenarios, arguments, evidence and conclusions.
These tests tend to evaluate a range of skills. Argument analysis is common, in which a question is posed, and a yes/no answer given with a supporting statement. You’ll need to decide whether the statement is a strong or weak argument.
Other question types involve scenarios and statements from which you’ll be asked to make assumptions, deductions and inferences based on the evidence provided.
Critical reasoning tests are most commonly used in sectors where evidence-based judgement is an everyday requirement, such as law.
Why do employers use logical reasoning tests?
As with any form of psychometric assessment, employers use logical reasoning tests as a way to filter applicants, most commonly in the pre-interview stages of selection.
Logic forms a fundamental part of day-to-day decision making. Our reasoning capabilities determine how effectively we interpret the world around us, and how we use what we know to be fact to inform our choices. As such, logical reasoning is a vital part of many job functions.
In administering a logical reasoning test, employers are evaluating how well you’re likely to perform tasks like strategy development, risk assessment and forecasting, as well as general problem solving.
Additionally, the ability to quickly discern patterns, understand complex relationships, and make logical deductions underpins successful innovation and creative problem-solving in dynamic work environments. Thus, logical reasoning tests also serve as a method for assessing a candidate’s potential to contribute to innovative solutions and strategic thinking in their prospective role.
Common logical reasoning test publishers
Below are listed five of the most widely used publishers of logical reasoning tests, each of which has its own approach to this type of assessment.
SHL publishes and administers both inductive and deductive reasoning tests, the lengths of which vary depending on the level of role applied for. Typically though, they last no longer than 25 minutes and follow a standard format.
Kenexa’s logical reasoning test focuses on inductive or abstract reasoning, with candidates required to assess and manipulate shapes and sequences. It also has a deductive reasoning test, which it refers to as verbal reasoning.
Cut-e offers both inductive and deductive reasoning tests, with individual variations of each. The layout of Cut-e’s tests is known to be somewhat different to other publishers, so if you’re taking one be sure to practice specifically for this format.
As one of the best-known publishers of psychometric and aptitude assessments, Saville’s logical reasoning tests are widely used. They’re offered as either abstract or diagrammatic reasoning and have a time limit of around 20 to 25 minutes.
Logical reasoning tests from Talent Q are adaptive, which means the difficulty rating of a question is related to your performance on the question prior. Do well initially, and they’ll get harder. Struggle, and they’ll become a little easier.
How to prepare for logical reasoning tests
The best way to prepare for a logical reasoning test of any description is to train your brain to think more critically – and that means practice.
Try making puzzles a part of your daily routine or use brain-training apps in your downtime. If you’re preparing for a deductive or critical thinking test , take an analytical approach to reading the daily news. Instead of simply taking things on face value, ask yourself questions based on the evidence provided, and whether or not it’s enough to draw solid conclusions.
And make sure you take plenty of practice tests. This will help you understand how to answer logical reasoning tests , and will make you familiar with many of the common relationships found in abstract sequences, including orientation, shading, rotations and reflections.
If you’re struggling to identify relevant rules, work backwards from the answer. The better you understand where and how certain rules apply, the more picking them out will become second nature.
As you progress with your practice tests, start taking them under exam conditions, including setting yourself a time limit. Pacing is a key skill in logical reasoning tests, as your score will not only indicate how many correct answers you gave, but how long it took you to answer each question. By broadening your practice beyond traditional puzzles and tests, you foster a more adaptable and comprehensive critical thinking skill set, better reflecting the dynamic problem-solving required in many professional environments.
Lastly, be sure to practice the right type of test. Ask your prospective employer which of the five types of logical reasoning assessment you’ll be sitting, and if possible, which test provider they use. This will allow you to target your preparation to the specific test format you’ll face on assessment day.
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Free example logical reasoning questions
Below you’ll find example questions for the different types of logical reasoning test. Answers to each are given below the set of questions.
For further practice, check out our free logical reasoning test questions and answers .
Deductive reasoning test
All footballers are fit and healthy.
All famous sports players are footballers.
Given that the above is true, which of the following is the logical deduction?
- All footballers are famous sports people
- All famous people are fit and healthy
- All famous sports players are fit and healthy
- All fit and healthy people are footballers
- All football players are men
Inductive reasoning test
How many triangles will be in the 6th shape?
Diagrammatic reasoning test
In the grid, one box is missing. You must work out what rules are being applied in the other boxes in order to work out which of boxes A to F will complete the grid.
Abstract reasoning test
Which of the boxes comes next in the sequence?
Using deductive reasoning, the only logical answer is 3. To get to this answer, you need to simplify the given facts. All famous sports players are footballers, and all footballers are fit and healthy.
- We can’t deduce that all footballers are famous sports people, as we haven’t got that information.
- We can’t deduce that all famous people are fit and healthy, because the fact is about famous sports people.
- This is the logical answer.
- This information is not given; all footballers are fit and healthy but we can’t logically link that all fit and healthy people are footballers.
- This is obviously incorrect, as gender is not mentioned at all in the question.
The number of triangles is increasing by 2 as you move along the sequence. I you continue to add 2 until you reach the 6th shape you reach 14, so the answer is C).
In the question the key rule is that the number of ‘star’ shapes in the central column must always equal the number of double circle shapes.
If there are no star shapes there should be no circle shapes. If there are three star shapes, there should be three circle shapes. Option F is the only one that abides by this rule.
Please note: shapes are not in a set position within this sequence. It is merely the presence of the shapes that is important. 1. There are always two squares in the frame. 2. There are always two circles in the frame. 3. There is always one triangle in the frame. So the answer is D).
Sample Logical Reasoning Tests question Test your knowledge!
If all roses are flowers and some flowers fade quickly, which statement must be true?
- All roses fade quickly.
- Some roses fade quickly.
- Some flowers are roses.
- No roses are flowers.
What is the next logical step if when you press button A, light X turns on, and when you press button B, light Y turns on? Assuming button A is pressed and lights X and Y are currently on.
- Press button B to turn light X off.
- Press button A to turn light Y off.
- Press button A to turn light X off.
- Press button B to turn light Y off.
Choose the statement that best reflects an understanding of the given premises: Premise 1: All managers are employees. Premise 2: Some employees are interns.
- All managers are interns.
- Some managers are not employees.
- Some interns are not managers.
- No interns are managers.
On a team of four people, two people can write code and three can design UI. If one person has all these skills, how many people only have one of the skills?
In a new brand of cars, Model X has better mileage than Model Y. Model Z has worse mileage than Model Y but is cheaper than Model X. Which of the following statements is correct based on this information?
- Model Z is the cheapest and has the best mileage.
- Model X is cheaper than Model Y.
- Model X has better mileage than Model Z.
- Model Y is cheaper than both Model X and Model Z.
- Model Y has the worst mileage.
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Logical Reasoning Tests Tips
1 read each question carefully.
It’s vital you understand exactly what is being asked of you, so be sure to read every question thoroughly. There may well be distractors in the multiple-choice options; picking one of these because you’ve misinterpreted the question is a common error.
2 Analyse the stimulus
In deductive or critical reasoning tests, it’s important to fully digest the stimulus before drawing your conclusion. Again, a simple misunderstanding can be the difference between scoring or missing out on a mark, so make sure you’re aware of all the evidence presented to you.
3 Work out your answer before looking at the options
When working with abstract sequences or patterns, try to get an idea in your head of what the missing piece or next part of the sequence is likely to be, before you look at the multiple-choice options. This will help you zone in on the right response, rather than get distracted by irrelevant choices.
4 Make notes
There may be several relationships in any given sequence, and in diagrammatic reasoning tests you’ll need to be aware of multiple processes. Make notes as you go through to keep track of your thought process. It will help you to work methodically and avoid confusion.
5 Pay attention to pacing
You only have a set amount of time to work through all the questions, so be sure to pace yourself. Typically, problems become more complex as the test progresses, so aim to spend less time on questions at the start. Good pacing takes practice. You want to work quickly but not to the detriment of your accuracy.
6 Don't panic
Logical reasoning tests can be a little daunting if you’re not used to them but remember, we apply logic everyday without even realising it. Stay calm and remind yourself that the steps you need to take are familiar to you, it’s just that the problem you’re solving is presented in an unfamiliar way.
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Logical Reasoning Tests FAQs
How are logical reasoning tests scored.
Logical reasoning tests are scored comparatively. That is to say, you’ll receive one mark for each correct answer, and your total score will be compared to the average results of other test-takers. Different employers may assess your results in different ways. Some will look only at your raw score against an average benchmark, while others may also consider your pace.
What are logical reasoning tests used for?
No matter the type of logical reasoning test used, you’re being assessed on your problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Employers are trying to determine if you have the required ability to interpret information, identify patterns and relationships, and draw solid conclusions. These are skills used on a daily basis in many job roles, so logical reasoning tests are widely used.
How is logical thinking measured?
Logical reasoning tests give a good indication of your lateral thinking skills by measuring your ability to analyse and interpret information to make evidence-based decisions – be they inferences, assumptions or unquestionable conclusions.
Why is logical reasoning important?
Logical reasoning is important in work-based environments because it is this skill set that allows you to work through many everyday business problems and come to the right resolution. Logical thinkers make decisions based on what they know to be true, rather than gut feeling; set achievable goals based on past performance; and approach complex problems in a systematic manner.
Where can I practice logical reasoning tests?
You can find practice tests for all types of logical reasoning assessments on our website, along with detailed answer explanations and guides. You can also find practice tests online from individual publishers which will help you get to grips with specific formats and time constraints.
Which employers use logical reasoning tests?
Logical reasoning tests are commonly used for managerial-level roles and above in many corporate job sectors, including law, investment banking and consultancy, as well as human resources, customer service and market research. It’s also likely you’ll be required to sit some form of logical reasoning test for acceptance onto a graduate scheme with many larger employers.
Reviews of our Logical Reasoning tests
What our customers say about our Logical Reasoning tests
Naveen Dabas
June 11, 2024
i think the uniqueness of the shapes define the intelligence in the test.
at first it seemed quite complicated then i think the common sense says that natural intelligence can crack the test.
January 17, 2024
It was a good test. Great variety of questions.
Some questions were too easy ,while some questions took a little longer to be solved. Overall the test was good. Considerations can be made to make the test a little more tough and challenging
Samuel Johnson
United States of America
December 24, 2023
Great service overall
Good question variety - the content of the test and the style differ slightly from the actual Korn Ferry test for which I am preparing.
South Africa
October 23, 2023
Fun & challenging!
I enjoyed the variety that this test offered. I would have preferred instant, question-by-question feedback over feedback at the end.
TheReal MacBen
Philippines
October 14, 2023
The varying patterns of the figures in each box, and what could be the next chain in that pattern.
I like how the test contained fun and interesting questions that needed logical thinking. However, it is not as complex as one test I answered, so the website should give an option of difficulty in tests.
MARTINE METIEKAM
September 26, 2023
Interesting
I have difficulty identifying the sequence. Honestly, I am not very familiar with the test. Thank you.
Andreas Karlsson
September 15, 2023
I found some of the patterns challenging at first but I do love to solve these little puzzles and recognize the patterns within
September 10, 2023
Take one peice at a time
each task was a test to see if you could follow the pattern, some were difficult but it was a nice brain teaser.
September 02, 2023
Quick access to test, without any unnecessary sale propositions
I should not have to create an account to just take a sample test. I am happy to make an account once I take 1 or 2 tests and see whether I want to create an account
Paul Kitchener
United Kingdom
August 29, 2023
Good prep for recruitment test
I liked that I could skip a question and come back to it if I found it difficult under the time limit
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