Oral Communication in Context Module: Principles of Speech Writing
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
In the previous lesson, speech was classified according to purpose: the expository or the informative speech, the persuasive speech and the entertainment speech. The manner of delivery was also discussed such as: reading or speaking from the manuscript, memorized speech, impromptu speech and extemporaneous speech. Knowing all these will lead you to be able to learn the basics of preparing a speech. But what makes the best speech. How do we deliver the speech we prepared effectively? All our questions will be answered by understanding by heart the principles of speech writing.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the principles, techniques and process in writing;
2. set clear objectives in writing speech;
3. use the principles of effective speech writing in developing one’s speech.
Oral Communication in Context Quarter 2 Self-Learning Module: Principles of Speech Writing
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Speechwriting 101: Writing an Effective Speech
Whether you are a communications pro or a human resources executive, the time will come when you will need to write a speech for yourself or someone else. when that time comes, your career may depend on your success..
J. Lyman MacInnis, a corporate coach, Toronto Star columnist, accounting executive and author of “ The Elements of Great Public Speaking ,” has seen careers stalled – even damaged – by a failure to communicate messages effectively before groups of people. On the flip side, solid speechwriting skills can help launch and sustain a successful career. What you need are forethought and methodical preparation.
Know Your Audience
Learn as much as possible about the audience and the event. This will help you target the insights, experience or knowledge you have that this group wants or needs:
- Why has the audience been brought together?
- What do the members of the audience have in common?
- How big an audience will it be?
- What do they know, and what do they need to know?
- Do they expect discussion about a specific subject and, if so, what?
- What is the audience’s attitude and knowledge about the subject of your talk?
- What is their attitude toward you as the speaker?
- Why are they interested in your topic?
Choose Your Core Message
If the core message is on target, you can do other things wrong. But if the message is wrong, it doesn’t matter what you put around it. To write the most effective speech, you should have significant knowledge about your topic, sincerely care about it and be eager to talk about it. Focus on a message that is relevant to the target audience, and remember: an audience wants opinion. If you offer too little substance, your audience will label you a lightweight. If you offer too many ideas, you make it difficult for them to know what’s important to you.
Research and Organize
Research until you drop. This is where you pick up the information, connect the ideas and arrive at the insights that make your talk fresh. You’ll have an easier time if you gather far more information than you need. Arrange your research and notes into general categories and leave space between them. Then go back and rearrange. Fit related pieces together like a puzzle.
Develop Structure to Deliver Your Message
First, consider whether your goal is to inform, persuade, motivate or entertain. Then outline your speech and fill in the details:
- Introduction – The early minutes of a talk are important to establish your credibility and likeability. Personal anecdotes often work well to get things started. This is also where you’ll outline your main points.
- Body – Get to the issues you’re there to address, limiting them to five points at most. Then bolster those few points with illustrations, evidence and anecdotes. Be passionate: your conviction can be as persuasive as the appeal of your ideas.
- Conclusion – Wrap up with feeling as well as fact. End with something upbeat that will inspire your listeners.
You want to leave the audience exhilarated, not drained. In our fast-paced age, 20-25 minutes is about as long as anyone will listen attentively to a speech. As you write and edit your speech, the general rule is to allow about 90 seconds for every double-spaced page of copy.
Spice it Up
Once you have the basic structure of your speech, it’s time to add variety and interest. Giving an audience exactly what it expects is like passing out sleeping pills. Remember that a speech is more like conversation than formal writing. Its phrasing is loose – but without the extremes of slang, the incomplete thoughts, the interruptions that flavor everyday speech.
- Give it rhythm. A good speech has pacing.
- Vary the sentence structure. Use short sentences. Use occasional long ones to keep the audience alert. Fragments are fine if used sparingly and for emphasis.
- Use the active voice and avoid passive sentences. Active forms of speech make your sentences more powerful.
- Repeat key words and points. Besides helping your audience remember something, repetition builds greater awareness of central points or the main theme.
- Ask rhetorical questions in a way that attracts your listeners’ attention.
- Personal experiences and anecdotes help bolster your points and help you connect with the audience.
- Use quotes. Good quotes work on several levels, forcing the audience to think. Make sure quotes are clearly attributed and said by someone your audience will probably recognize.
Be sure to use all of these devices sparingly in your speeches. If overused, the speech becomes exaggerated. Used with care, they will work well to move the speech along and help you deliver your message in an interesting, compelling way.
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The General Steps in the Speechwriting Process
- First Online: 15 March 2019
Cite this chapter
- Jens E. Kjeldsen 7 ,
- Amos Kiewe 8 ,
- Marie Lund 9 &
- Jette Barnholdt Hansen
Part of the book series: Rhetoric, Politics and Society ((RPS))
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In this chapter, we outline the general steps speechwriters ought to follow in the process of writing speeches for others. These guidelines are flexible and allow for comfortable adaptation given the varied implementation of speechwriting practices as well as the different approaches in the European and American systems. Our model follows the classical perspective that focuses on topic selection, the speaker-speechwriter negotiation of rhetorical constraints of context and audience as well as determining the fitting style and delivery. The chapter also develops a master rhetorical plan that can be used as a prompt or an outline for speechwriters when drafting a speech, covering the key variables of speech, situation, audience, and a suitable mode of communication.
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Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Jens E. Kjeldsen
Department of Communication and Rhetorical Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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About this chapter
Kjeldsen, J.E., Kiewe, A., Lund, M., Barnholdt Hansen, J. (2019). The General Steps in the Speechwriting Process. In: Speechwriting in Theory and Practice. Rhetoric, Politics and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03685-0_13
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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03685-0_13
Published : 15 March 2019
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Print ISBN : 978-3-030-03684-3
Online ISBN : 978-3-030-03685-0
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Lesson Plan in Oral Communication (Principles of Speech Writing) Quarter 2 Week 2 With GAD Integration
Lesson Plan in Oral Communication (Principles of Speech Writing) for Grade 11 Senior High School.
Learning Competencies: Uses principles of effective speech writing focusing on the audience.
Attachment: Discuss demography, situation, and psychology. • Demography has to be known to determine the interest of the audience. It will also affect the language style and formality of the speech. • Situation will affect the length of speech, visual aids, and formality of the situation. • Psychology will let the writer know which appeal to use and how to situate his/her text in the context of the audience.
Table of Contents
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a. identify the principles of speech writing; b. use principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience; and c. foster healthy relationship between the speaker and audience through using polite words.
Lesson Plan in Oral Communication (Principles of Speech Writing) Quarter 2 Week 2 with GAD Integration for Grade 11
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Teaching Guide in Oral Communication in Context (Functions of Communication)
Lesson Plan in Oral Communication in Context With GAD Integration (Quarter 1 – Week 7)
Lesson Plan in Oral Communication (Speech Context) Quarter 1 Week 9 With GAD Integration
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But the conditions for public speaking favor some writing qualities over others. When you write a speech, your audience is made up of listeners. They have only one chance to comprehend the information as you read it, so your speech must be well-organized and easily understood. In addition, the content of the speech and your delivery must fit ...
Two objectives to speech writing o Making a good impression o Leaving your audience with two or three takeaway points Pick a format and stick to it o Examples: Opening, body, and conclusion speech A problem-solution speech Do not bounce around o Pick 2-3 main points to address Write the speech as you would talk
Objectives: After accomplishing this module, you must be able to: 1. identify the principles of speech writing; 2. differentiate the stages or processes in speech writing; and 3. use principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile, logical organization, duration, word choice, and grammatical correctness. III. Material/s: 1.
Using the principles of effective speech writing we would be able to focus the audience profile, the logical organization, the duration and word choice and even the grammatical correctness. 4. The Principles also include: choosing the topic, analyzing the audience, sourcing the information and outlining and organizing the speech content. ...
Introduction1. "Rhetoric," wrote Aristotle, "is the power of determining in a particular case what are the available means of persuasion.". This report reviews some effective means for the rhetoric of persuasive communication in speeches written by congressional staff for Senators and Representatives. By speeches, this report means ...
Place the tip of your tongue against the ridge of tissue just behind your upper front teeth, and keep it there through the entire exercise. Exhale completely through your mouth, making a whoosh sound. Close your mouth and inhale quietly through your nose to a mental count of four. Hold your breath for a count of seven.
All our questions will be answered by understanding by heart the principles of speech writing. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the principles, techniques and process in writing; 2. set clear objectives in writing speech; 3. use the principles of effective speech writing in developing one's speech.
Vary the sentence structure. Use short sentences. Use occasional long ones to keep the audience alert. Fragments are fine if used sparingly and for emphasis. Use the active voice and avoid passive sentences. Active forms of speech make your sentences more powerful. Repeat key words and points.
This publication about speech writing and types of speeches is the second of a three-part series about developing effective public speaking skills. This series also covers an introduction to public speaking and public speaking tools. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension outreach is a partnership between ...
Determining the appropriate style and delivery for the audience and setting. 7. Determining the key points and outlining the speech. 8. Drafting the speech and generating feedback. 9. Completing and, if operative, submitting speech text to the speaker. 10. Feedback, editing, and approval of the speech.
Vary your sentence structure and length. If you write exclusively in short, punchy sentences, your prose will sound singsong. If you write exclusively in long sentences, your prose will be tiring and needlessly difficult for your readers. Aim for an elegant balance in each paragraph. Build your sentences and paragraphs around specific, concrete ...
Plan where you want to finish your speech and how you will get there before you start writing . The structure of a speech is often in three parts. For example: 1. an opening that grabs your audience's attention and makes the overall topic of your speech clear - for example, pose a question to the audience where you can predict the answer. 2.
Learning Competencies: Uses principles of effective speech writing focusing on the audience. Attachment: Discuss demography, situation, and psychology. • Demography has to be known to determine the interest of the audience. It will also affect the language style and formality of the speech. • Situation will affect the length of speech ...
Uses principles of effective speech writing focusing on: ... Use the principles of speech writing focusing on: a. articulation b. modulation c. stage presence d. facial expressions e. gestures and movements f. rapport with the audience 2. Plan how to deliver the speech . What's New ...