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SAT Discontinues Subject Tests And Optional Essay

Elissa Nadworny

Eda Uzunlar

Updated at 5:03 p.m. ET

The College Board announced on Tuesday that it will discontinue the optional essay component of the SAT and that it will no longer offer subject tests in U.S. history, languages and math, among other topics. The organization, which administers the college entrance exam in addition to several other tests, including Advanced Placement exams, will instead focus efforts on a new digital version of the SAT.

In the announcement, the organization cited the coronavirus pandemic for these changes: "The pandemic accelerated a process already underway at the College Board to reduce and simplify demands on students."

College entrance exams have had a hard go of it during the pandemic. Many in-person testing dates for the SAT were canceled because of social distancing needs and closed high school buildings; a previous digital version of the SAT was scrapped in June after technical difficulties; and hundreds of colleges have removed the exam from admissions requirements , in some cases permanently.

Few colleges require the optional writing portion of the SAT or the subject tests, though students can still submit them to supplement their college applications. The AP exams have become far more important in demonstrating mastery of subjects and, in some cases, providing college credit.

The Coronavirus Crisis

Colleges are backing off sat, act scores — but the exams will be hard to shake.

"Removing the subject tests can remove a barrier for students," says Ashley L. Bennett, director of college counseling at KIPP Sunnyside High School in Houston. But, she adds, "I believe that standardized testing in general needs to be less emphasized in the college search process."

Elizabeth Heaton advises families about college admissions at College Coach in Watertown, Mass. She thinks the changes could help put some students on a more level playing field. "For students who aren't getting great advising, it is nice to see that they haven't been eliminated from competition just by virtue of not having a test that they may not have known about."

But Catalina Cifuentes, who works to promote college access in Riverside County, east of Los Angeles, has reservations. She worries that removing the SAT subject tests will create more barriers for her students, rather than less.

"Hundreds of my students take the subject tests in Spanish and other languages because it provides them an opportunity to show their understanding of a second language," explains Cifuentes.

Many of her students speak a second language at home and would be the first in their family to go to college.

She says her college-bound students often enroll in the University of California and California State University systems, which both require two years of coursework in another language for admission. The SAT foreign-language tests sometimes filled that requirement, but the removal of these exams means Cifuentes will have to shift gears.

"We will need to work closely with our world language teachers to expand on ideas ... for students who already read, write and speak another language," she says.

Her job is all about helping school districts adapt to decisions from colleges and organizations like the College Board, Cifuentes explains.

"Every decision they discuss — there's real repercussions. There's no right or wrong decision, but with everything they do, it should be students first."

Eda Uzunlar is an intern on NPR's Education Desk.

Correction Jan. 20, 2021

A previous version of this story misspelled Ashley L. Bennett's name.

The Optional SAT Essay: What to Know

Tackling this section of the SAT requires preparation and can boost some students' college applications.

Getty Images

Even though an increasing number of colleges are dropping standardized test requirements, students who must write the SAT essay can still stand to gain from doing so.

Although the essay portion of the SAT became optional in 2016, many students still chose to write it to demonstrate strong or improved writing skills to prospective colleges.

In June 2021, the College Board opted to discontinue the SAT essay. Now, only students in a few states and school districts still have access to — and must complete — the SAT essay. This requirement applies to some students in the SAT School Day program, for instance, among other groups.

How Colleges Use SAT, ACT Results

Tiffany Sorensen Sept. 14, 2020

Whether or not to write the SAT essay is not the biggest decision you will have to make in high school, but it is certainly one that requires thought on your part. Here are three things you should know about the 50-minute SAT essay as you decide whether to complete it:

• To excel on the SAT essay, you must be a trained reader.
• The SAT essay begs background knowledge of rhetoric and persuasive writing.
• A growing number of colleges are dropping standardized test requirements.

To Excel on the SAT Essay, You Must Be a Trained Reader

The SAT essay prompt never comes unaccompanied. On the contrary, it follows a text that is about 700 words long or approximately one page. Before test-takers can even plan their response, they must carefully read and – ideally – annotate the passage.

The multifaceted nature of the SAT essay prompt can be distressing to students who struggle with reading comprehension. But the good news is that this prompt is highly predictable: It always asks students to explain how the author builds his or her argument. In this case, "how” means which rhetorical devices are used, such as deductive reasoning, metaphors, etc.

Luckily, the author’s argument is usually spelled out in the prompt itself. For instance, consider this past SAT prompt : “Write an essay in which you explain how Paul Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience that natural darkness should be preserved.”

Due to the essay prompt’s straightforward nature, students should read the passage with an eye toward specific devices used by the author rather than poring over “big ideas.” In tour SAT essay, aim to analyze at least two devices, with three being even better.

The SAT Essay Begs Background Knowledge of Rhetoric and Persuasive Writing

Since your SAT essay response must point to specific rhetorical devices that the author employs to convince the reader, you should make it a point to intimately know 10-15 common ones. The more familiar you are with rhetorical devices, the faster you will become at picking them out as you read texts.

Once you have read the passage and identified a handful of noteworthy rhetorical devices, you should apply many of the same essay-writing techniques you already use in your high school English classes.

For instance, you should start by brainstorming to see which devices you have the most to say about. After that, develop a concise thesis statement, incorporate quotes from the text, avoid wordiness and other infelicities of writing, close with an intriguing conclusion, and do everything else you could imagine your English teacher advising you to do.

Remember to always provide evidence from the text to support your claims. Finally, leave a few minutes at the end to review your essay for mistakes.

A Growing Number of Colleges Are Dropping Standardized Test Requirements

In recent years, some of America’s most prominent colleges and universities – including Ivy League institutions like Harvard University in Massachusetts, Princeton University in New Jersey and Yale University in Connecticut – have made submission of ACT and SAT scores optional.

While this trend began as early as 2018, the upheaval caused by COVID-19 has prompted many other schools to adopt a more lenient testing policy, as well.

Advocates for educational fairness have long expressed concerns that standardized admissions tests put underprivileged students at a disadvantage. In light of the coronavirus pandemic , which restricted exam access for almost all high school students, colleges have gotten on board with this idea by placing more emphasis on other factors in a student’s application.

To assess writing ability in alternative ways, colleges now place more emphasis on students’ grades in language-oriented subjects, as well as college application documents like the personal statement .

The fact that more colleges are lifting their ACT/SAT requirement does not imply that either test or any component of it is now obsolete. Students who must write the SAT essay can still stand to gain from doing so, especially those who wish to major in a writing-intensive field. The essay can also demonstrate a progression or upward trajectory in writing skills.

The SAT essay can give a boost to the college applications of the few students to whom it is still available. If the requirement applies to you, be sure to learn more about the SAT essay and practice it often as you prepare for your upcoming SAT.

13 Test Prep Tips for SAT and ACT Takers

Tags: SAT , standardized tests , students , education

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Stressed about getting into college? College Admissions Playbook, authored by Varsity Tutors , offers prospective college students advice on Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate courses, SAT and ACT exams and the college application process. Varsity Tutors, an advertiser with U.S. News & World Report, is a live learning platform that connects students with personalized instruction to accelerate academic achievement. The company's end-to-end offerings also include mobile learning apps, online learning environments and other tutoring and test prep-focused technologies. Got a question? Email [email protected] .

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The SAT Eliminated Its Essay. Now What?

College Board announced last month it will  no longer offer its SAT Subject Tests  effective immediately and eliminate the essay portion (except for states where the essay is required for School Day test administrations).

While the Subject Tests’ elimination made a big splash, the scrapping of the essay likely impacts many more students:  fewer than 500,000  Subject Tests were taken yearly (and students often took multiple Subject Tests, so this represents even fewer students), but  over 1.2 million  took the SAT essay in the class of 2020.

Students will likely welcome the elimination of the essay. Removing the SAT essay means admissions teams will no longer consider the score of a single, timed essay completed at the end of a three-hour-long test.

College Board was  advocating  for the essay’s validity and usefulness in predicting college performance as recently as 2019; instead, college admissions counselors will now rely on a much larger data set: years of high school essay writing in addition to the essays written in the application process.

It’s worth noting that the SAT still includes a rigorous writing and language section, which assesses proofreading skills, so there’s no escaping an important assessment of editing skills, but the essay writing portion is no more.

Some Context: SAT’s Century of Changes 

Over its near century-long existence, the SAT has adjusted both its name and its construct multiple times. Therefore, removing the essay component is not necessarily as momentous as it may be perceived.

In fact, the essay was only  added in 2005 , and this most recent iteration of the essay (a 50-minute rhetorical analysis of a provided persuasive text) has only been part of the test since 2016.

Over the last few years,  fewer and fewer schools  have required the SAT essay as part of a student’s application. In many ways, this change was simply following colleges and admissions teams’ lead.

Better Way to Assess Writing Ability

Indeed, while the  grading rubric behind the SAT essay is valuable (focusing on important principles of evidence-based reading writing), its administration often provides students with little opportunity to demonstrate their true skills in that arena. First, consider the circumstances under which students write the essay: during a 50-minute block at the end of a three-hour test. Second, consider the grading conditions: graders are expected to score  20 to 30 essays per hour , and there have  long been concerns  about the accuracy of the grading.

In other words, the SAT essay does not reflect the kind of extensive subject-matter engagement required for college-level writing, and its grading doesn’t reflect the assessment most college professors provide for written work.

In the end, eliminating the essay means that college admissions teams will continue to focus on a much better measure of students’ writing ability: four years of sustained writing in English and social studies classes reflected in grades in high school transcripts along with essays carefully crafted throughout the application process.

These examples of writing show not only students’ mastery of writing but also their progress over time, which serves as the best index to their ability to maintain a high level of performance or learn and apply new skills, both essential for success in college.

Ongoing Need for Rigorous Writing Instruction 

College Board explained its elimination of both the essay and Subject Tests as part of an effort to simplify the SAT. Indeed, AP test scores can stand in for the latter and essay composition grades and application essays for the former.

While the ACT has not yet made any indication that it plans to eliminate its optional essay, the SAT’s change is a welcome simplification for test-takers and admissions teams.

College readiness, however, will still require mastery of both grammar and essay composition skills, and admissions officers will always be looking for evidence of mastery of these essential skills.

While the SAT essay is no more, students still need to demonstrate competence in essay composition and proofreading. Educators still need to ensure that students can develop cogent, evidence-based, persuasive arguments and have the mechanical writing skills to share those arguments effectively.

While the SAT is transient, the relevance of those skills and their necessity for college and career readiness persists.

DISCLAIMER!  The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial position of The College Post.

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SAT Essays and Subject Tests Are No More. Here’s What That Means for UVA Applicants

• By Jane Kelly , [email protected]

The College Board is dropping the optional essay component of the SAT as well as its subject tests in such fields as chemistry, French and literature.

This week, the College Board announced changes to the way it administers its standardized tests to university applicants in the United States. The board is dropping the optional essay component of the SAT as well as its subject tests in such fields as chemistry, French and literature.

The board explained it was making the changes to streamline the test-taking process amid the coronavirus pandemic, which it said “accelerated a process already underway at the College Board to reduce and simplify demands on students.”

Stephen Farmer, UVA’s first vice provost for enrollment, talked with UVA Today about what this means for students applying to the University, how standardized test scores fit in with UVA’s admissions process and his excitement at enrolling the Class of 2025, his first at the University.

Stephen Farmer, UVA’s first vice provost for enrollment, said the change gives the College Board a chance to concentrate on improving the SAT and other offerings, such as Advanced Placement tests. (Photo courtesy UNC Chapel Hill)

Q. What was your first reaction when you heard the College Board was dropping the essay and subject tests?

A. I wasn’t surprised. The number of students who have been taking subject tests or completing the optional essay has been dwindling over time.

The change gives the College Board a chance to concentrate on improving the SAT and other offerings, such as Advanced Placement, that are arguably more valuable to students.

I agree with the board that the change simplifies things for students. To the extent that students feel they’re already jumping through a lot of hoops, or to the extent they feel that there are too many hoops available to them and they don’t know which ones to jump through, simplifying the choices can be helpful.

Q. What do the SAT changes mean for students interested in UVA?

A. I think the changes will have probably a very limited practical effect on the way that students apply to Virginia. I do hope the changes will help students remember there are more ways to demonstrate their strengths than just earning strong test scores.

We want to care for every student who applies. We want to see the best in them and we want the best for them. Ideally, the way that we consider students should encourage them to do things that will be in their long-term best interest. We want students to do things that will make them smarter, more creative, more curious. We want students to do things that will keep them healthy. We want them to do things that will be meaningful for themselves and their families and their communities.

We want them to do things that will be worth their time and energy. We don’t want them pursuing credentials or completing tasks just because they believe that we want them to do those things. To the extent that not having to worry about subject tests or about the essay will give them more time to focus on things that really matter, I hope that will be helpful to them.

Q. Critics say the new moves will only place more emphasis on the College Board’s Advanced Placement tests that high school students must pay to take. They say the moves do not address concerns about equity in the testing process.

A. I think that one helpful development over the last several years where the Advanced Placement tests are concerned is that more districts and, in some cases, more states have been funding the exams. That’s removing the financial barrier for students and their families. And in states where that’s happened, participation in exam-taking has increased. I think there are things from a policy point of view that communities can do and that states can do to further level the playing field. I think that’s a good thing for young people. It’s a good thing for schools and teachers and communities.

The equity issues that swirl around testing are real and they’re profound. So, for that matter, are the other inequities in education and opportunity that students and their loved ones have to struggle against every day. I don’t think there’s any single step that the College Board could take, or for that matter, that a school could take, that would completely remedy those inequities. But there are things that schools can do – how we use tests, how we interpret them – that can help minimize the inequities of testing.

Q. What are your thoughts on standardized tests in general? A. I think standardized tests are a snapshot. At their very best, any test is a snapshot taken at a particular point in time. It never describes the whole of any student – not who they are or where they’ve been and most of all, not where they’re going.

A snapshot can be helpful, but only when we remember what it is and what it isn’t, and only when we consider it alongside a lot of other information.

The real problem with testing, I think, is when people read more into it than we should. It’s important to remember that the test score is a snapshot, and in many cases, one that’s blurry and not crystal-clear. We must remember that it’s a glimpse of a complicated reality and sometimes a distorted glimpse. Remembering those things can make us better users of tests and with the right interpretation, testing can be helpful in evaluating candidates with the care, compassion and respect they deserve. But only with the right interpretation.

Q. So how should admissions officers interpret standardized test scores?

A. I think the first thing is remembering that the test is a crude instrument. A test score is an ax. It’s not a scalpel. You can’t do a lot of fine carving with a test score. One problem with testing is when people think it’s a scalpel, not an ax, and that the difference, for example, between a 1400 score and 1440 SAT score is a material difference. It’s not.

The second thing, really, is to see the test score in light of everything else that we know about the candidate. There’s no abstracting that test score from the complicated reality of a student. We have to see testing in light of everything else we know.

Q. Can you remind our readers the other factors that go into evaluating people who apply to UVA?

A. Sure. We have test scores, when students choose to share them. We have transcripts from the schools the students attend. We have the descriptions of students that counselors and teachers and others provide to us through recommendation letters. We have information about what the student has been involved in and what the student values.

We learn about students through the list of activities they share with us. We have information about how students express themselves through UVA’s application essays; what students care about, how they think, how they feel. We have information about their families, the context within which they’ve grown up and have done their work and developed their gifts and their aspirations.

We know about their communities. The neighborhoods they live in, the towns they live in, the opportunities they’ve had, the obstacles they’ve overcome. We don’t know everything about students and no one who works in admissions should ever pretend that we do. We’re always seeing through a glass darkly. But we really are trying to see and the student we’re trying to see is a whole person who deserves our respect and care, not the sum of a couple of test scores.

I think testing can be a significant part of the whole, it can help us understand a student, but it doesn’t help us understand a student on its own and it doesn’t tell the full story of any student.

Q. UVA began accepting students to the Class of 2025 with its binding early decision cycle in December. That will be followed by more acceptances during early action, typically coming at the end of January and, later, regular decision in March. Do you have any reflections on the Class of 2025, since it will be your first enrolled class?

A. The great people in the Office of Undergraduate Admission have been recruiting this class for a long time. Our colleagues in Student Financial Services are working hard to assess and meet the need of the students we’ve admitted. Our friends in the Office of the University Registrar are making sure students have what they need to register for their courses and navigate their requirements.

So, one of my reflections on this class is that I’m grateful so many good people have been working so hard to welcome this class to the University.  

But my second reflection is that I’m really grateful to these students. My first day in the office a few weeks ago, I spent some of it writing to students we had just admitted early decision. I was just thanking them for their commitment to UVA and asking them how we can help them.

We can’t ever take for granted the choice that a student makes to join us, because students have other choices. So, I’m eager to get to know our students and, to the extent that they’ll let me, I’m eager to be a part of their lives. It’s such a privilege to welcome such remarkable people and to watch them flourish and thrive and help each other thrive.

We want to recruit great students who will make each other better; who believe in each other and will treat each other well and will make each other better every day. And I’m confident the Class of 2025 will do that, just as previous classes have.

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January 21, 2021

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Test Prep | Tutoring | College Admissions

• B2A College Admissions Team
• Jan 21, 2021

What Does No More SAT Essay or Subject Tests Mean for You?

This week College Board released some major news with regards to future SAT exams: there will no longer be an Essay option after the June 2021 test, and there will no longer be any SAT Subject Tests in the U.S. (and only the May and June 2021 dates for international students).

These changes only further complicate the ever-evolving college admissions landscape during the covid pandemic. Fortunately, though, it is becoming clearer each day what college admissions officers will be focusing on most when they receive college applications in the next admissions cycle.

So, what exactly do these changes to the SAT and SAT Subject Tests mean for you?

1. Existing SAT Essay scores are not defunct, but they will likely carry less weight.

For those who do take an official SAT with the Essay (remember, they are still offered until June), your scores will not be null and void (unless a college explicitly states so), but admissions officers will understandably look to other data points since not all students will have the option to take an SAT with the Essay.

The removal of the Essay section should be a relief to any student who is starting SAT prep, since now you can focus your efforts on perfecting the composite score. In many cases, colleges don’t even require the Essay, although it has never hurt to submit high Essay scores. So focusing on the Reading, Writing, and Math sections will definitely be better for improving your admission chances. And, if you have the option to add (or cancel) the Essay, you should decline (or remove it) and focus on the core subjects instead.

2. You can no longer rely on SAT Subject Test scores to round out weak AP/IB performance.

The discontinuation of the SAT Subject Tests is not quite as rosy. The content of SAT Subject Tests typically overlapped with that of the AP/IB tests. If you had a poor or sub-par score for any of your AP/IB tests, then you could have taken the SAT Subject Test equivalent and still demonstrated proficiency (as long as you scored well, of course).

3. AP/IB tests will be highly important for contextualizing high school grades.

As always, grades/GPA are very important for college admissions, but admissions officers usually like to see how these subjective grades stack up against standardized benchmarks -- i.e., AP/IB exams.

Since there are no other tests that assess the same content areas as the AP/IB exams, you now will really have to buckle down and do your best on these tests, which will be what college admissions officers use to not only get the “standardized” context of your grades/GPA but also see if you are capable of writing essays at the college level.

It is highly, highly recommended that you get a head start with familiarizing yourself with the format and content areas of the AP/IB tests that you plan on taking this year. Not all teachers prepare their students equally, so you can’t necessarily rely on your AP/IB class to adequately get you ready for the test.

4. Basically, you need to do better on all available tests (SAT/ACT/AP/IB) to stand out.

The overall theme of these pandemic-era changes is that while colleges are becoming more flexible in the spirit of “test optional,” admissions officers still want to have some standardized data to back up all the subjective parts of your application.

Therefore, when possible, it is in your best interest to not only get good grades but also score well on AP/IB and SAT/ACT tests. Obviously doing well on “all of the above” is the ideal state, but you shouldn’t neglect the standardized tests if you have good grades.

Planning on taking the upcoming March SAT? Check out our March SAT Cram class , which has been updated to reflect the new realities of the SAT test.

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The SAT Writing Section (Essay): Here’s What You Need to Know

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The SAT recently revamped itself to more accurately test what students learn in school. The new version is less deliberately tricky and confusing, but it’s still a challenging, exhausting test. Let’s say you’ve taken both the ACT and the SAT and you perform better on the SAT. Now that you’ve chosen it as your go-to test, how do you get through the essay portion, especially if you hate writing?

Fun fact: the SAT has plenty of new practice tests , which include essays. For the purposes of this post, I’ll be working from this practice essay , so it might be useful to have it open as you read. We’ll go through what’s expected, what scoring looks like, and how to go about writing the best essay you can.

Understand What You’re Being Asked to Do

The new SAT no longer asks you to make up ideas and references from scratch (which, honestly, is probably for the best). Instead, it provides you with an essay and asks you to analyze it, much in the same vein as an in-class analytical or an AP English Language essay.

The Assignment

The assignment reads as follows. At the top you’ll see a generic introduction for what to look for as you read:

As you read the passage below, consider how (the author of the passage) uses:

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.
• reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
• stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.

Then, at the bottom, the instructions get specific. For this essay, they read like this:

Write an essay in which you explain how Bobby Braun builds an argument to persuade his audience that the US government must continue to invest in NASA. In your essay, analyze how Braun uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage. Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Braun’s claims, but rather explain how Braun builds an argument to persuade his audience.

What does this mean? Essentially, as you read, pick out the techniques the author uses to make his or her point, then write a detailed essay that covers a couple of the main ones. Brush up on your knowledge of literary terms and devices well in advance of writing the SAT essay. You don’t have to know them all, but know the most commonly used ones really well (tone, diction, imagery, simile/metaphor, allusion, rhetorical question, anecdote, and symbolism, to name a few) so you can rely on those. In an argumentative essay, like this one, an author will always use tone, diction (choice of words), and some kind of persuasion technique (Logos? Pathos? Ethos? Anecdote? etc.).

How is the essay scored? Two testers will read your essay and will provide a score of 1-4 on three different benchmarks: reading, analysis, and writing.

Did the writer understand the content? Did they quickly summarize the argument/point and then move quickly into their interpretation of it? Did they paraphrase and directly quote?

Did the writer not only identify the right literary terms/devices but assess their uses effectively? In other words, did the writer understand why the author used those devices and say so? Did the analysis integrate into the rest of the essay?

Is there a strong thesis, body paragraphs for each device, and a quick conclusion? (More on organization below.) Is the writing “strong,” i.e., sentence variety, no unnecessary words or repetition, strong words, and sophisticated reasoning?

The testers’ scores are then added together for an aggregate final score. So, a top score would be 8/8/8.

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Final Thoughts

Unless you’re being given extra time, you have exactly 50 minutes to complete the essay. This sounds like a lot (and it’s more than it used to be), but don’t be fooled. You’ll use the time.

Students with special accommodations might be able to take the test on a computer, but otherwise it’s a written test. Your test booklet will be scanned into a computer. If you make a mistake, don’t erase your work, because it causes smudges and can make it hard for the tester to read. Simply cross out and rewrite. The testers are trained not to read crossed-out material. If you’ve been told your handwriting is impossible to read, write a little more slowly than you might otherwise. Choose the style that’s more legible for you: print or cursive. When you write practice tests, give it to someone and ask if they can read it.

You’ll take the SAT essay last, after every other section has been completed. So you’ll be exhausted. There’s no way around that, unfortunately, beyond bringing snacks and water on test day and walking around during breaks to take the focus off your brain for a couple minutes. Practice is key; you’ll want to be able to read an essay quickly, pull out devices, and write a straightforward essay with a minimum of confusion and anxiety. Only practice and memorization of the right information will get you there.

As you prepare to take the SAT, take a look at some example essays that scored highly. It won’t be the same subject matter, but the structure and language will be aspects you can emulate.

Read with the Assignment in Mind

Imagine that your proctor has told you to turn to the essay section. You already know the basic assignment, so you can actually skip the top introduction and dive right in to the essay. Don’t get bogged down with unfamiliar words or the most complex sentences. You don’t need to absorb every single word of the essay. Read to find devices you can use. Circle them and ID them as you go. Don’t be picky right away—just observe and note what you see.

Go ahead and skim the bottom instructions, but even then the first sentence is the only really important one. In this case, the gist is: how does Braun persuade his audience to invest in NASA? Then, go back to the devices you found, and pick out the three strongest and/or most used devices to structure your essay. Can’t find three? Remember, an author always uses tone (point of view) and diction (word choice) so those are two easy ones if you’re stuck.

The process of reading and pulling out devices should take no more than eight minutes.

Make a Quick Outline

I know this one sound counterintuitive, given what I said about time limits, but bear with me. Just starting to write without a clear path is hugely problematic for timed essays. Even the best writers make a mental note of their general direction. Without planning, you might change directions mid-essay, forget your thesis and end up arguing something else, or wander off completely without realizing it.

The outline can be short and sweet. For example, with this practice essay, it could look like this:

Intro: Braun argues that continuing to invest in space tech and research keeps us competitive in the world economy. Devices: logos, imagery, allusion

Body 1: Logos (logic): paragraph 3, 5, 7

Body 2: Imagery: paragraph 4, 6

Body 3: Allusion: paragraph 8

Don’t even bother to include your conclusion in your outline. It’s pretty much the same content as your intro. Also, remember that you don’t need to tackle every aspect or device in the essay. Highlight where your devices are, then focus your analysis to those sections. In the outline above, I’ve structured the devices so that you’re going through the essay in almost chronological fashion. You don’t have to do this, but it makes the essay-writing a bit easier.

The process of outlining should take no more than two minutes.

Write Quickly but Methodically

Don’t waste a lot of breath with a big, drawn out introduction. State the argument of the author in one sentence, then your thesis, which should be a list of the three devices you plan to use. Keep it simple and easy, then move on.

For each body paragraph, make a quick topic sentence explaining which device you’re analyzing. Spend one sentence (ONLY one) summarizing how the author is using the device. Begin to use quotes or paraphrase; after each example, analyze why the author uses the device and the effect it has. About three quotes or examples are usually standard. Then, at the end of the paragraph, use one sentence to sum up the effect the device has on the whole essay. Use sample essays for examples of this structure.

See the numbers at the side of each paragraph? When you quote directly or summarize directly, put the number of the paragraph in parenthesis afterwards to cite where you’re getting the information from.

For your conclusion, simply restate what you’ve said before. If you’re feeling extra-confident, feel free to add a key takeaway from the analysis, but it’s not necessary. So, your conclusion can be two sentences just like your intro.

What if your writing style isn’t advanced or similar to the example essays? Work with a teacher or tutor who can help you develop your skills if you have the time. If not, just write simply and clearly. Don’t use overly technical words. Don’t make really long sentences just for the sake of doing so. Even simple, forceful language can be effective so long as your argument is good. So focus your attention on ensuring that you know what good analysis is and how to replicate it.

You’ll have 35 minutes to write. Keep an eye on the clock, but mostly just focus on writing quickly and clearly.

Leave a Few Minutes for Proofreading

Again, I know you’ll be flying through this essay at lightning speed to get everything done effectively. But this one’s important too. When you write quickly, grammar and spelling can fall by the wayside. That’s totally normal, so don’t freak out. But you will be graded on such aspects in your final score, so leave 5 minutes max at the end to skim through your essay, pinpoint where you made mistakes, cross out the word or phrase, and write the correct word or phrase above it. Try to make corrections clearly so that the tester knows which version to read.

And that’s it! Easy, right? (Totally kidding.) As with everything else, practice will help. If you’re not already doing this kind of essay in class, do a few practice essays at home. Make sure you do the EXACT process start to finish: time yourself, write an outline, and so on. Part of success is building the muscle memory to go into the essay with a solid base of experience and confidence that you’ll succeed.

Want to know how your SAT score impacts your chances of acceptance to your dream schools? Our free Chancing Engine will not only help you predict your odds, but also let you know how you stack up against other applicants, and which aspects of your profile to improve. Sign up for your free CollegeVine account today to gain access to our Chancing Engine and get a jumpstart on your college strategy!

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Your Guide: How Long is the SAT Without Essay?

Are you wondering about the duration of the SAT without the essay section? In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the length of the SAT, its sections, and effective preparation strategies. Taking the SAT is an important step in your academic journey, and understanding the timing and structure of the test can help you maximize your performance. Let’s dive in!

• The SAT without the essay section is approximately 3 hours long, excluding breaks.
• The test consists of three main sections: reading, writing and language, and math.
• The reading section is 65 minutes, the writing and language section is 35 minutes, and the math section varies depending on whether a calculator is allowed.
• The essay section is optional and adds an additional 50 minutes to the test duration.
• Time management is crucial; prioritize easier questions first and utilize guessing strategies as there is no longer a penalty for guessing.

Now that you have a general understanding of the SAT duration without the essay section, let’s delve deeper into each section and explore effective strategies for success. By familiarizing yourself with the format and optimizing your time management skills, you can approach the SAT with confidence and achieve your desired results. Let’s get started!

Understanding the SAT Format

The SAT without the essay section lasts approximately 3 hours, excluding breaks, and features different sections with specific time allocations for reading, writing and language, and math. Let’s take a closer look at each section of the exam to understand the duration and format.

Reading Section:

The reading section of the SAT without the essay is 65 minutes long and consists of 52 questions. It assesses your reading comprehension skills through a variety of passages, such as literary fiction, social sciences, and natural sciences. The questions test your ability to analyze, interpret, and draw inferences from the given information.

Writing and Language Section:

The writing and language section allows 35 minutes for you to answer 44 questions. This section evaluates your ability to identify grammatical errors, improve sentence structure, and revise passages for clarity and coherence. It covers topics like grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and rhetorical skills necessary for effective writing.

Math Sections:

The math portion of the SAT is divided into two sections: one without a calculator and the other with a calculator. The section without a calculator gives you 25 minutes to solve 20 questions, testing your ability to apply mathematical concepts and solve problems without the aid of a calculator. The section with a calculator provides 55 minutes to answer 38 questions, allowing you to use a calculator for more complex calculations.

These sections provide a breakdown of the SAT without the essay, highlighting the time limits and question counts. It is essential to manage your time effectively during the test to ensure you complete each section within the allocated duration.

To optimize your performance, prioritize answering easier questions first and allocate sufficient time for more challenging ones. Remember, there is no longer a penalty for guessing, so make sure to answer as many questions as possible. Preparing for the SAT with practice tests, understanding the test format, and getting enough rest are all key factors in performing well.

In the next section, we will delve into the reading section of the SAT without the essay, providing tips and strategies to tackle this part of the exam effectively.

Breakdown of the Reading Section

The reading section of the SAT without the essay consists of 65 minutes and includes 52 questions, testing your comprehension and critical analysis skills. This section evaluates your ability to understand and interpret various types of texts, such as passages from literature, social sciences, and natural sciences. It also assesses your ability to draw inferences, analyze arguments, and identify main ideas and supporting evidence.

During this section, you will encounter different question formats, including multiple-choice questions and passage-based questions. The passage-based questions require you to refer back to specific parts of the text to answer questions accurately. It is crucial to read the passages carefully and actively engage with the content to grasp the author’s main points and arguments.

To excel in the reading section, it is advisable to practice reading and analyzing complex texts regularly. Developing strong reading comprehension skills and effective strategies, such as skimming and scanning, can significantly improve your performance. Remember to manage your time wisely, as pacing yourself is essential to complete all the questions within the given time frame.

Key Takeaways:

• The reading section of the SAT without the essay lasts for 65 minutes and contains 52 questions.
• You need to demonstrate your comprehension and critical analysis skills.
• Practice actively engaging with various types of texts to improve your performance.
• Develop effective reading strategies and manage your time wisely during this section.

Strategies for the Writing and Language Section

With 35 minutes and 44 questions, the writing and language section of the SAT without the essay demands strong grammar and editing skills. Here are some strategies to help you excel in this section:

• Read the Passage Carefully: Before diving into the questions, take the time to read the passage thoroughly. Pay attention to the main idea, tone, and structure of the writing. This will help you better understand the context and make informed decisions.
• Focus on Grammar: This section tests your command of grammar rules. Pay attention to subjects, verb agreement, tenses, pronouns, and modifiers. Brushing up on grammar rules beforehand can greatly improve your performance.
• Manage Your Time: Time management is crucial in this section. Aim to spend no more than a minute on each question. If you’re stuck on a particular question, don’t dwell on it. Make an educated guess and move on to maximize your chances of answering all the questions.

Additionally, here’s a breakdown of the question types you might encounter in the writing and language section:

By implementing these strategies and familiarizing yourself with the question types, you can approach the writing and language section of the SAT without the essay with confidence. Remember to practice regularly, review grammar rules, and manage your time effectively to optimize your performance.

Navigating the Math Sections

The SAT without the essay includes two math sections, one without a calculator lasting 25 minutes with 20 questions, and another with a calculator lasting 55 minutes with 38 questions. Let’s explore how you can tackle these sections successfully.

When approaching the math sections, it’s important to manage your time effectively. Start by scanning through the questions and identifying those that you feel confident answering. Prioritize these easier questions to ensure you score valuable points early on. Remember, there is no penalty for guessing, so if you’re unsure about a particular question, make an educated guess and move on.

For the math section without a calculator, you’ll need to rely on mental math skills and problem-solving techniques. Utilize the scratch paper provided to perform calculations and work through complex problems. It’s crucial to double-check your work and ensure accuracy, as even a small error can lead to an incorrect answer.

When you reach the math section with a calculator, use it strategically. While a calculator can be a useful tool, avoid over-reliance on it. It’s still important to possess strong mathematical skills and understanding. Use the calculator for complex calculations, but be cautious not to waste time inputting simple calculations that you can solve mentally. Additionally, be sure to familiarize yourself with the calculator’s functions before the exam to maximize efficiency.

Math Sections Overview

By managing your time, leveraging problem-solving strategies, and practicing with sample questions, you can approach the math sections of the SAT without the essay section confidently. Remember, preparation and practice are key to achieving success on the test. Good luck!

The Optional Essay Section

While the essay section is optional on the SAT, it adds an additional 50 minutes to the test duration, but only in certain states where it is required. Let’s examine the importance of this section and whether it is necessary for your college admissions.

For students considering taking the optional essay section, it’s crucial to understand the requirements and expectations. The essay portion of the SAT allows you to showcase your analytical and writing skills, providing colleges and universities with an additional piece of information about your abilities. It tests your ability to critically analyze a given passage and construct a well-organized, coherent response within a limited timeframe.

While some colleges may require the essay portion, many have made it an optional component of their admissions process. It’s important to research the specific requirements of the institutions you’re interested in to determine if the essay section is necessary for your application. If you’re unsure, it’s recommended to take the optional essay section, as it provides an opportunity to demonstrate your writing proficiency and showcase additional skills that may enhance your application.

Remember, even if the essay section is not required for your top-choice colleges, it’s always beneficial to have strong writing skills. The ability to construct a well-argued, coherent essay is a valuable asset in college and beyond. Taking the optional essay section can help prepare you for the writing demands you may encounter in higher education and other aspects of your academic journey.

As you prepare for the SAT, consider your strengths in writing and time management. Reflect on the requirements of your target colleges and decide whether taking the optional essay section aligns with your goals. Remember to practice under timed conditions and review sample essay prompts to familiarize yourself with the expectations of this section. Taking the time to prepare will ensure that you can make an informed decision and perform your best on test day.

Time Management and Test Strategies

Proper time management is crucial for success on the SAT, and understanding how to utilize the allocated time efficiently can significantly impact your overall score. Let’s explore some key strategies for managing time effectively during the test.

1. Prioritize Easier Questions: When you first encounter a section, quickly scan through the questions and identify those that you find easier or more familiar. Answering these questions first will help you build confidence and save time for more challenging ones later.

2. Pace Yourself: The SAT is a timed test, so it’s essential to keep track of the time and allocate it wisely. Divide the time available for each section, and aim to complete the questions within the designated time frame. Remember, spending too much time on a single question can cost you valuable time on others.

3. Utilize Guessing: Since there is no longer a penalty for guessing, it’s in your best interest to answer every question, even if you’re unsure of the correct answer. Use strategic guessing techniques, such as eliminating obviously wrong options or making an educated guess based on partial knowledge.

4. Take Advantage of Breaks: The SAT includes breaks between sections, so make use of this time to recharge and refocus. Stretch your legs, have a snack, or take a few deep breaths to relax. These short breaks can help alleviate test anxiety and enhance your concentration for the next section.

By implementing these time management strategies and practicing them during your SAT preparation, you can optimize your performance and maximize your chances of achieving your desired score. Remember, preparation, practice tests, and getting enough sleep are also key factors in performing well on the SAT.

Important Considerations and Changes

When planning for the SAT without the essay, it’s important to factor in breaks, travel time, and any special accommodations that you may require. Additionally, recent changes to the test structure, including the optional essay and subject tests, are important to keep in mind.

The SAT without the essay section is approximately 3 hours long, excluding breaks. The reading section consists of 52 questions and lasts for 65 minutes. Following this, the writing and language section, with 44 questions, is allocated 35 minutes of test time. The math section without a calculator requires 25 minutes to answer 20 questions, while the math section with a calculator grants 55 minutes for 38 questions.

It’s worth noting that the essay section is only available in certain states where it is required, adding an additional 50 minutes to the test duration. To ensure an accurate schedule, there are breaks included in the test: a 10-minute break between the reading and writing sections, and a 5-minute break between the two math sections. Furthermore, test time may be extended by an additional 20 minutes for a pre-tested section.

Students should aim to complete the SAT between 12:15 and 12:45 p.m., considering travel time and potential special accommodations for those with medical conditions or exceptional circumstances. With recent changes to the test, the SAT no longer includes subject tests and the optional essay section will no longer be required after June. Time management is crucial for success on the SAT, so students should prioritize easier questions first and avoid spending too much time on any one section. Additionally, there is no longer a penalty for guessing, encouraging students to answer as many questions as possible within the given time limit. Adequate preparation, practice tests, and sufficient rest are pivotal factors in performing well on the SAT without the essay.

Updated SAT Test Structure

“The path to success on the SAT without the essay lies in careful planning. Consider your need for breaks, travel time, and any special accommodations you may require. Stay informed about the recent changes, such as the optional essay no longer being required after June. Prepare well, manage your time effectively, and remember to rest. Success awaits!”

To excel on the SAT without the essay, it is crucial to understand its duration, sections, and test-taking strategies, while also prioritizing preparation, practice tests, and getting sufficient rest. By implementing these strategies, you can maximize your performance on this important college admissions exam.

The SAT without the essay section is approximately 3 hours long, excluding breaks. It consists of several sections, each with its own time limit and number of questions. The reading section lasts for 65 minutes and includes 52 questions, while the writing and language section is 35 minutes long with 44 questions. The math section without a calculator is 25 minutes with 20 questions, and the math section with a calculator is 55 minutes with 38 questions.

It’s important to note that the optional essay section is available in certain states and adds an additional 50 minutes to the test. However, after June, the SAT essay section will no longer be required. Additionally, breaks are provided during the test, including a 10-minute break between the reading and writing sections, as well as a 5-minute break between the two math sections. The test time may also be extended by an additional 20 minutes for a pre-tested section.

In order to make the most of your SAT experience, consider travel time and any special accommodations required due to medical conditions or other circumstances. Remember, the new SAT has a total duration of 3 hours, or 3 hours and 50 minutes with the optional essay section. Time management is key to success on the SAT, so prioritize easier questions first and don’t spend too much time on any one section. With the removal of the guessing penalty, feel free to answer as many questions as possible within the given time limits.

Ultimately, preparation, practice tests, and ensuring you get enough sleep are crucial factors in performing well on the SAT. By understanding the test structure, managing your time effectively, and implementing smart test-taking strategies, you can increase your chances of achieving a high score and opening doors to future educational opportunities.

Q: How long is the SAT without the essay section?

A: The SAT without the essay section is about 3 hours long, not including breaks.

Q: What is the breakdown of the SAT without essay sections?

A: The reading section is 65 minutes with 52 questions, the writing and language section is 35 minutes with 44 questions, the math section without a calculator is 25 minutes with 20 questions, and the math section with a calculator is 55 minutes with 38 questions.

Q: Is the essay section mandatory?

A: The essay section is only available in certain states where it is required and adds an additional 50 minutes to the test.

Q: Are there breaks during the SAT without the essay?

A: Yes, there is a 10-minute break between the reading and writing sections, and a 5-minute break between the two math sections.

Q: Can the test time be extended?

A: Test time may be extended by an additional 20 minutes for a pre-tested section.

Q: What time should students aim to finish the SAT without the essay?

A: Students should aim to finish between 12:15 and 12:45 p.m., but travel time and special accommodations should also be taken into account.

Q: How long is the new SAT without the essay section?

A: The new SAT without the essay has a total duration of 3 hours, or 3 hours and 50 minutes with the optional essay section. The reading section is 65 minutes, the writing and language section is 35 minutes, and the math section is 80 minutes.

Q: Are there any penalties for guessing on the SAT without the essay?

A: There is no longer a penalty for guessing, so students can answer as many questions as possible within the time limit.

Q: What are some tips for success on the SAT without the essay?

A: Preparation, practice tests, and getting enough sleep are important factors in performing well on the SAT. Students should prioritize easier questions first and not spend too much time on any one section.

Q: Are there any recent changes to the SAT without the essay?

A: The SAT essay section will no longer be required after June, and optional subject tests have also been discontinued.

Source Links

• https://blog.collegeboard.org/how-long-does-the-sat-take
• https://www.collegeraptor.com/getting-in/articles/act-sat/your-guide-to-the-new-sat-timing-content-scoring-and-tips/
• https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/how-long-the-sat-is-and-how-to-manage-that-time

Baron Cooke has been writing and editing for 7 years. He grew up with an aptitude for geometry, statistics, and dimensions. He has a BA in construction management and also has studied civil infrastructure, engineering, and measurements. He is the head writer of measuringknowhow.com

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No SAT Essay or Subject Tests Ever Again!

• Essays , SAT , SAT Subject Tests
• March 28, 2022

The College Board has officially dropped the SAT essay and SAT Subject Tests from its lineup. That’s right…there’s no SAT essay ever again! There also will be no more SAT Subject Tests.

Coronavirus hit the SAT pretty hard. For most of 2020, SAT sessions were canceled around the world. When they were allowed, it was hard to get seats. As a result, many colleges and universities made the SAT and SAT Subject Tests optional for admissions. Some states, like California, have vowed to phase the SAT out of the admissions process altogether. We’ll get to whether this is good or bad in a moment. For now, here’s what the College Board had to say about each cancellation.

No SAT Essay

From the College Board:

What This Means

The essay will only be administered when necessary after June 21, 2021. Reading and Writing are tested in other parts of the exam, so the College Board feels that not much is being lost.

What We Think

The essay wasn’t a popular section of the SAT. In the last four years, we’ve only had a handful of students decide to complete it. Moreover, many universities were not requiring the essay. So what was the point…we guess College Board figured it wasn’t worth it. After all, you do have your admissions essays to write…

What This Means for YOU

• Don’t rush out to prep for and sign up for the essay.
• Cancel your essay if you already registered to do it.
• Focus more on getting good grades in your English classes.
• Be sure to write stellar application essays .

No SAT Subject Tests

Canceling the SAT Subject Tests was a big shocker! Here’s what the College Board had to say:

Not familiar with the SAT Subject Tests? Read this first. US students do not have a choice to take these anymore. The College Board is canceling registrations and giving out refunds! Students in Dubai can still take the May and June Subject Tests, but this is pointless because they will no longer be required by universities in the next application cycle.

We actually think that canceling the SAT Subject Tests was not a great move by the College Board. First, the Subject Tests were an opportunity for students with middling GPAs to prove that they, in fact, understood the information. Maybe you go to a very challenging school and were only able to earn a 3.3, but you really know your stuff. Scoring a 700+ on the SAT Math Subject Test, for example, could demonstrate that competence. A student with a better GPA might not be as proficient if they attend an easier school.

Second, the SAT has long been a device for finding students with great raw talent, but challenging daily situations. SAT Subject Tests help reaffirm the potential and boost that student’s profile. Imagine you have a difficult home life. Getting to school, having something to eat, and being able to just make it through the day are challenges. Unfortunately, many low-income and minority students face these difficulties. Will they have great GPAs with hungry bellies? Probably not. We saw the SAT Subject Tests as a way to demonstrate their potential, not penalize them for their home lives.

The Rant Continues…

Next, The College Board thinks that APs test the same thing, so why bother with Subject Tests? Unfortunately, everyone’s high school doesn’t offer AP classes. Or they may not offer the right ones related to a student’s major. What is the aspiring engineer going to do without being able to prove that she is good a physics?

Lastly, many international universities were using the Subject Tests as a proxy for their tests for students graduating from US curriculum high schools. For example, a student who attends Dubai American Academy, but wants to go to City University London, would be required to take SAT Subject Tests or earn certain scores on AP exams. Believe us, it is easier to score well on a Subject Test than an AP exam. Furthermore, these exams are used by universities all over the world because they are in countries with exam based systems. However, the American system is NOT exam based. So how is a university supposed to compare the different students?

What This Means for You

• Don’t rush out to prep for and sign up for the subject tests.
• Plan your high school courses very carefully because you will need AP classes if they are offered.
• Know the requirements of colleges in the country to which you are applying.

No SAT Essay or Subject Tests: What This Means for Students in Dubai

1. Your GPA is even more important.

With SAT Subject Tests, you might have been able to offset a so-so GPA (3.3 and below). No more! Now you will have to bring it because there will be fewer tests to demonstrate your skills.

Up until a few years ago, some countries (we’re looking at you Canada) accepted students based on GPA ONLY. Since it looks like we are going back to those times, it’s time to hit the books.

2. You need to plan your ENTIRE high school courses properly and in advance. Take AP courses!

At the beginning of 10th grade, at the latest, you need to sit down with your guidance counselor and plan your courses. The levels and courses should match your career aspirations or at least what you think you want your college major to be. If you are in an American curriculum school in Dubai, you NEED to take relevant AP courses. Here’s some general advice:

• Engineering = AP Calculus (AP Stats won’t be sufficient) and at least 1 AP science (2 is better, physics and 1 other)
• Medicine = AP Biology and AP Stats (would be nice)
• Non-engineering science = AP Stats (ok) and 1 AP science (should be related)
• Law = AP English Language, AP World History, and 1 other AP (Stats would be good)

You will not be even eligible to apply to some universities if you haven’t fulfilled their general course requirements, which include APs. Think about things ahead of time and plan accordingly.

3. Your admissions essays are even more important.

It’s looking like the only pieces of writing a university will see from you are your college application essays. They NEED to be good! Prove you are literate with our help .

4. Read the university admissions page carefully!

Universities in the UK have very specific requirements for how many APs, which ones, and what scores you need for admission. Think about the universities you want to apply to and look at admissions pages often. Requirements tend to change every August, so you should be checking at least every few months.

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, how to write an sat essay, step by step.

SAT Writing , SAT Essay

Writing an SAT essay consists of four major stages :

• Reading : 5-10 minutes
• Analyzing & Planning : 7-12 minutes
• Writing : 25-35 minutes
• Revising : 2-3 minutes

There’s a wide time range for a few of these stages, since people work at different rates. Some people, for instance, will be a lot faster at reading than they are at planning, while it might be the other way around for others. You'll need to find the timing combination that works best for you through a little bit of trial and error.

Writing takes the large bulk of the 50 minutes, but reading and analyzing and planning are equally important parts of the SAT essay writing process.

Stage 1: Read the Passage (5-10 minutes)

There are a couple of different ways to read through the passage on the SAT essay, each with their own advantages. No matter which strategy you use, though, make sure to keep an eye on the time so you don’t run out of time for analyzing and writing!

If you can just read straight through the passage without getting too hung up on details, go for it. This strategy works well for students who are naturally fast readers and don't have trouble getting distracted under time pressure.

If you’re a slow reader, get anxious about reading in timed situations, or find that the subject matter of the article is confusing, you might want to try skimming the article. You can use similar strategies to those you might use on SAT reading passages .

In either case, you'll want to make sure you get a good idea of the way the passage is laid out before you do a detailed pass through it. Why?

You'll probably end up reading through parts of the passage multiple times to make sure you fully understand it. Giving the passage a quick read-through before you do any detailed analysis can help cement which parts you'll want to come back to and which parts aren't as important.

When you go back do a more detailed reading of the article, sure to keep an eye out for argument-building techniques and to try to remain objective . You may want to circle or underline examples of these techniques as you read, which leads right into the next stage of SAT essay writing.

Stage 2: Analyze and Plan (7-12 minutes)

Many students resist planning on the SAT Essay because it already feels like there's not enough time to read and write, let alone take away some of that precious time for planning. But take it from us: you're better off with a plan. This is because the SAT essay graders look for a clear structure : introduction, conclusion, and specific evidence in between. It's almost impossible to create this kind of structure and still write quickly without a plan

You can write all over the passage as you analyze it – circle or underline key points , scribble in the margins, etc. This way, when you go back to quote the author in your essay, you’re not searching the text for the quote or supporting detail.

One way to mark up your passage is by numbering your examples and then circling and numbering any evidence from the passage you’ll be referring to in each paragraph. Another option is to write a brief description of the details from the passage in your planning and outlining, along with the location of the details. Taking this time during the analyzing and planning stage will end up saving you time in the long run.

I personally find it helpful to take notes as I read the passage and then organize them into an essay outline . Below are the TOTALLY LEGIBLE notes I took as I was analyzing the passage for the essay prompt:

As I was reading the passage, I scribbled down key details and the way I’d use them to support my thesis in the essay. For instance, I wrote, “ last paragraph – We need…we need (x4) -> overall use of “we” drawing reader into his POV ” in my notes. This describes what I want to talk about (the author's use of the word "We" and "We need"), what it means (it draws the reader into agreeing with his point of view), and where this is illustrated in the passage (last full paragraph).

I then organized these notes into some semblance of an outline I could use to plan the organization of my essay.

Here's a (rough) transcription of my outline:

Intro Facts/evidence -first paragraph stats and facts - to show issue is real, lend credibility -by not explaining has a couple of effects ->forces reader to draw own conclusions/think about which draws them into the argument ->alt makes reader look to author in rest o/article (b/c had facts at first + so can be trusted) Reasoning -acknowledges counterargument -so very easily could’ve gone on a rant abt twitter which would’ve undercut argument, disconnected from reader -instead, provides examples of when social media has been helpful (Arab Spring) -counterargument is more powerful as a result - take his “unease” more seriously Diction/style -“We” draws reader in, makes author sympathetic (not lecturing) -contrasts b/t ideal + real, b/t prof + amateur engage reader in the comparison, force to admit author is right -language elsewhere reinforces the idea that prof journalism under siege, words like “assailing” and “eroding” Conclusion

You can see that in the section labeled “Diction,” the first point is "We" draws reader in, makes author sympathetic (not lecturing)" .

You can combine these two steps if you’re comfortable enough doing it; I just find that separating them takes the pressure off to make sure that I take notes in an organized fashion.

Stage 3: Write Until 2-3 Minutes Are Left (25-35 minutes)

Once you have your analysis and planning done, it’s time to write like the wind. If you’ve taken notes and planned effectively, you should be able to jump right in and not have to go back and forth too much between the text and your essay.

Body Paragraphs

For most people, writing body paragraphs is easier than writing introductions. If this is the case, start with the body paragraphs, and just leave 10 lines or so at the top of the page to add the introduction later. One example should take up 1-2 paragraphs.

Let's use a methodical structure to try out a body paragraph about how the author uses a counterargument to add support to his own claim. The sample paragraphs below are all taken from an essay that I handwrote (and planned) in the 50-minute time limit.

Sample Body Paragraph

Start with a transition:

In addition to employing facts to his argument’s advantage, Goodman also cunningly discusses the counterargument to his position.

Then (briefly) introduce your topic:

By writing about how social media and man-on-the-ground reporting has assisted the state of foreign news reporting, Goodman heads off naysayers at the pass.

Explain the example’s context and relationship to your thesis:

It would have been very easy for Goodman to ignore the whole issue of citizen reporting, but the resultant one-sided argument would have been much less convincing. Instead, Goodman acknowledges things like “the force of social media during the Arab Spring, as activists convened and reacted to changing circumstances.” As a result, when he partially refutes this counterargument, stating the “unease” many longtime profession correspondents feel over the trend of ‘citizen journalism’ feel, the reader agrees.

Clearly state, in one sentence, how it is proof of your thesis:

Knowing that Goodman takes the power of social media seriously will make the reader more inclined, in turn, to take Goodman’s concern about the limits of social media seriously.

When you put all these pieces together, it’s a winning body paragraph. We start with a smooth transition from the introduction (or previous body paragraph), give enough background to understand why the example is relevant, and then connect it back to the thesis for the knockout punch.

Try to read through this again so the structure really makes sense to you.

Notice how this is formulaic – every one of your body paragraphs can be written in this structure , and you’ll get an excellent score! Having a structure like this will make many students less anxious about the new SAT essay.

You’d then go through the above process with the other 1-2 examples. In some cases, one very good example of the way the author builds his/her argument can be enough, if you can write 2-3 relevant paragraphs about it without repeating yourself. But having two examples is usually safer, because it gives you a better chance to show how well you've understood the passage.

Introduction and Conclusion

After finishing your body paragraphs, don't forget your introduction and conclusion paragraphs . Both should briefly mention the author’s argument and the examples you're using to support your thesis, but everything else is up to you. Some students write about the concept in general, and others just try to restate the thesis in different ways. Even a couple of sentences is better than nothing—try to scribble something in even if you're running out of time.

Sample Introduction Paragraph

In the article “Foreign News at a Crisis Point,” Peter S. Goodman eloquently argues the point that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to people in the United States. Goodman builds his argument by using facts and evidence, addressing the counterarguments, and couching it all in persuasive and compelling language.

Stage 4: Revise (2-3 Minutes)

Much like planning on the SAT essay, revision seems unnecessary to most students. But trust us, it will help your score. There are two reasons for this:

• Revising helps you change up your vocabulary and fix mistakes and/or illegible words
• If you know you’ll revise, you can write much faster because you don’t have to worry about making it perfect

On the SAT essay, you can cross out words that you don’t want the grader to read. You don’t need to waste time erasing them, unless you want to replace them with something else.

So what do you do when you revise? Well, let’s take the body paragraph we wrote earlier and revise it. New text is bolded .

In addition to employing facts to his argument’s advantage, Goodman also cunningly discusses the counterargument to his position. By writing about how social media and man-on-the-ground reporting has assisted had some positive impact on the state of foreign news reporting, Goodman heads off naysayers at the pass. It would have been very easy for Goodman to ignore elide over the whole issue of citizen reporting, but the resultant one-sided argument would have been much less convincing. Instead, Goodman acknowledges things like “the force of social media during the Arab Spring, as activists convened and reacted to changing circumstances.” As a result, when he partially refutes this counterargument, stating his the “unease” many for longtime profession correspondents feel over the trend of ‘citizen journalism’ feel, the reader agrees. is much more likely to believe him. After all, Goodman acknowledges that social media does have some power. Knowing that Goodman takes the power of social media seriously will make the reader more inclined, in turn, to take Goodman’s concern about the limits of social media seriously.

At this point, you’ll have a complete winning essay.

Want to see what this essay looks like put all together? Read our article on how to get a perfect 8 on the SAT essay .

Our goal here was to show you how formulaic the SAT essay can be. By making the essay more predictable, you’ll go into every test with a game plan in mind , making the essay much easier (and less scary!).

"Guys guys guys! I figured out a plan for the SAT essay!"

Where to Go From Here

Now you know how to write an SAT essay. To put this information to good use, you need to practice with real SAT essay prompts . We’ve written the most comprehensive guide to SAT essay topics and prompts here .

Aiming for a perfect SAT essay score? Read our guides to get strategies on how to get an 8/8/8 on your SAT essay .

And if you haven’t read our 15 SAT essay tips article yet, do so now!

Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?

Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes . We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more.

Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts . If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next.

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Laura graduated magna cum laude from Wellesley College with a BA in Music and Psychology, and earned a Master's degree in Composition from the Longy School of Music of Bard College. She scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and GRE and loves advising students on how to excel in high school.

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No Jerry Seinfeld, the ‘extreme left’ hasn’t killed comedy

The comedian’s claim that wokeness is the reason why comedy is no longer as funny is lazy – and inaccurate

J erry Seinfeld is currently at saturation point, promoting his new Pop Tarts movie Unfrosted . Still a canny operator, however, Seinfeld understands that the last thing anyone in the world wants to hear about is his new Pop Tarts movie. After all, there is realistically only so much available media interest in a streaming period comedy film about a breakfast product. And so Unfrosted has taken something of a backseat to a much more newsworthy proposition: Jerry Seinfeld mouthing off for clicks.

Until now, Seinfeld’s targets have included the film industry (the people he worked with “don’t have any idea that the movie business is over”) and his disdain for dabblers (“There’s nothing I revile quite as much as a dilettante”), despite being a man who has just directed his first film at the age of 70. True, he has also tried talking about things he actually enjoys, like his love of watching surfing videos on YouTube, but that isn’t really what gets the clicks these days. And so, with some inevitability, Jerry Seinfeld has pulled out the big guns and declared that the left is destroying comedy.

Speaking on the New Yorker’s Radio Hour , Seinfeld said: “Nothing really affects comedy. People always need it. They need it so badly and they don’t get it. It used to be that you’d go home at the end of the day, most people would go ‘Oh, Cheers is on. Oh, M*A*S*H is on. Oh, Mary Tyler Moore is on. All in the Family is on.’ You just expected [there will] be some funny stuff we can watch on TV tonight. Well guess what? Where is it? Where is it?”

Which isn’t entirely true – Curb Your Enthusiasm just wrapped up its 25-year-run with a universally beloved episode that Jerry Seinfeld was actually in – but it’s broadly valid. Despite the glut of streaming services that now run in addition to the major networks, a smaller and smaller percentage of their output is comedic in nature. One answer might be that people are turning online for faster, funnier, cheaper comedy that appeals directly to their tastes. But Jerry Seinfeld has other ideas.

“This is the result of the extreme left and PC crap and people worrying so much about offending other people,” he explained, going on to state: “When you write a script, and it goes into four or five different hands, committees, groups – ‘Here’s our thought about this joke’ – well, that’s the end of your comedy.”

The problem seems to be that too many people delight in performative outrage these days, and a well-intentioned joke might end up being taken out of context and being escalated to a cancelation-level event. Luckily, the extreme left wasn’t a thing back in Seinfeld’s day, which is why something as famously edgy as – let’s see – Cheers was able to stay on air for as long as it did.

On the surface, this is an incredibly dreary thing to say, not least because it doesn’t fit Seinfeld as a performer at all. It’s hard to complain that you’re not allowed to offend anybody any more when your stock in trade is deliberately inoffensive comedy. Jerry Seinfeld is a man who has just made a film about some pastry. Unless all the clips and trailers have done a particularly good job of hiding a scene in which one character looks straight to camera and declares that all trans people are an affront to God, Unfrosted probably isn’t going to appall the delicate sensibilities of very many people at all.

This is a man, remember, who is proud of his family friendly image. The 2011 HBO special Talking Funny has aged incredibly badly – it’s a roundtable discussion of comedy that features both Louis CK and Ricky Gervais – but Seinfeld’s contributions hold up. During his discussion, he defends his decision never to swear onstage, insinuating that it’s an easy way to get laughs. It’s a subject he followed up on a few years later, telling the Guardian: “A person who can defend themselves with a gun is just not very interesting. But a person who defends themselves through aikido or tai chi? Very interesting.”

And let’s not forget that, when Seinfeld’s co-star Michael Richards ended his career with a racist rant onstage, Jerry Seinfeld not only brought him on Letterman to explain himself, but treated the incident with such grave intent that at one point he sincerely ordered the studio audience to stop laughing, telling them: “It’s not funny.”

So there have always been gatekeepers to what is and isn’t funny. Indeed, in his own work Jerry Seinfeld has been one of the staunchest gatekeepers of all. Perhaps the problem here isn’t that the extreme left has a stranglehold on comedy. Perhaps it’s just that Jerry Seinfeld is getting old.

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David French

The magic constitutionalism of donald trump.

By David French

Opinion Columnist

My originalist heart is troubled.

In the opening moments of Donald Trump’s argument for presidential immunity, Justice Clarence Thomas pressed Trump’s lawyer John Sauer to state the source for his sweeping argument that presidents are absolutely immune from criminal prosecution for official acts in office. Sauer’s response virtually ends his argument (or ought to). “The source of the immunity,” he said, “is principally rooted in the executive vesting clause of Article II, Section 1.”

Here is the full text of the executive vesting clause: “The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America.” That’s it. That’s the whole thing. There’s no follow-on clause that says, “Therefore, the president is immune from prosecution for his official acts as president.” If that’s the textual hook for Trump’s argument, then its deficiencies should be plain.

But the justices spent more time in the hourslong oral argument last week discussing the consequences of its potential ruling than they spent on the text and structure of the Constitution. Yet a faithful originalist inquiry would settle the case, quickly, against Trump.

The Supreme Court defined the question before it quite simply: “Whether and if so to what extent does a former president enjoy presidential immunity from criminal prosecution for conduct alleged to involve official acts during his tenure in office.” The answer, applying any form of reasonable originalist analysis, is “almost never” and “certainly not in Trump’s case.” But to understand why, it’s important to dig into what originalism actually is.

In many ways, originalism is a poorly named doctrine. Properly understood, it’s focused more on the text of the document than the time of ratification. I like the way Judge Kevin Newson, a conservative judge on the 11th Circuit based in Alabama, describes both originalism and its close cousin textualism as having the same purpose: “to discern (1) the common, ordinary understanding of words on a page (2) at the time of a document’s adoption.” As a result, “the focus of any proper originalist inquiry is the document itself.” Text and context both matter, but text matters much more.

The executive vesting clause — the centerpiece of Trump’s argument — isn’t entirely meaningless to the immunity debate. After all, Congress couldn’t decide tomorrow to criminalize command of the armed forces, for example, or to criminalize the use of the veto. Such laws wouldn’t criminalize abuse of executive power; they’d eliminate the power.

A good way of thinking through the distinction between criminalizing abuses of executive power and criminalizing executive power itself is to consider a crime that was much discussed at oral argument: bribery. The power of presidential appointment is a core, enumerated executive power of the president, but he should still be subject to bribery laws if prosecutors can prove that he’s selling cabinet offices for cash.

In that circumstance, the rule established by the D.C. Circuit in its decision rejecting Trump’s immunity argument — that violating “generally applicable criminal laws” is not “properly within the scope” of the president’s “lawful discretion” — seems sound.

But that’s not the entirety of the textual analysis. The Constitution’s overall structure refutes Trump’s argument, and it’s difficult to understand the structure of the Constitution without understanding it as a small-r republican rebuke to royal authority. The American colonists had seen the danger of concentrated royal power — including royal immunities — and set about demolishing that power, comprehensively and thoroughly.

It’s doubtful that Louis XIV actually uttered the famous quote attributed to him, “L’état, c’est moi” — which roughly translates to “I am the state” — but it does accurately describe what European royal authority was like at its height. The king was the nation’s most powerful warrior, lawmaker, judge and priest. His word was law, and there was no law above his word.

In fact, the modern concept of sovereign immunity, which protects federal and state governments from suit, is rooted in the common law British concept that the king could do no wrong. The National Association of Attorneys General roots this doctrine in “the king’s position at the ‘apex of the feudal pyramid.’”

But our president isn’t at the apex of any pyramid. He may possess immense power as the nation’s chief executive, but he is not the law. He swears allegiance to the law, to the Constitution itself. And the text of that Constitution systematically strips royal prerogatives from any person and from every branch of government.

It splits the warrior function between the president and Congress. The president may command the troops, but Congress funds the military and declares war. The establishment clause removes the priest function from the government completely. No branch of government has ecclesiastical authority. It grants lawmaking power to Congress but checks it with a presidential veto. The judiciary is independent but nominated by the president and confirmed by Congress.

And when the Constitution does preserve vestiges of royal authority, it does so sparingly and explicitly. The pardon power , which grants a president immense ultimate authority over federal criminal law, for example, is a vestige of kingly power . Article I, Section 6 of the Constitution grants members of Congress limited privilege from arrest, and its speech and debate clause also protects members from suffering legal reprisals for their legislative acts . There is no corresponding provision for the president.

Trump asks us to look at a Constitution that’s silent on presidential immunity, that refuses to grant the powers and privileges of royalty to the nation’s leadership and declare that even the most heinous and brutal official acts are immune from prosecution unless the president is impeached and convicted. That’s not originalism. Nor is that an example of living constitutionalism , which holds that the Constitution’s meaning can evolve over time, a concept that conservatives deplore. It’s magical constitutionalism. And it’s intellectually bankrupt.

That brings us to the conversation about consequences. I completely understand the risks of rogue criminal prosecutions. Trump has vowed to weaponize his Department of Justice should he win office again and has promised to “appoint a real special ‘prosecutor’ to go after the most corrupt president in the history of the USA, Joe Biden.” But simply targeting the current president isn’t enough for Trump. He also promised to pursue “the entire Biden crime family.”

We should take Trump’s threats seriously, but neither those threats nor the threats of other politicians to prosecute Biden change the text or structure of the Constitution. If Americans want to provide the president with a version of the royal immunity that protected the monarchs of old, they can choose to do so through a constitutional amendment. Otherwise, presidents should remain subject to the rule of law and not simply when they’re engaged in private conduct.

Ordinarily, I would have considerable confidence that the Supreme Court — dominated as it is by originalists — would rather quickly and decisively reject Trump’s argument. The court refused to hear specious challenges to the 2020 election, and it recently largely disposed of the lunatic independent state legislature theory that MAGA lawyers were using to challenge a host of election rules. And I’m less alarmed than some other analysts by the content of the justices’ questions at oral argument. The justices often ask probing hypotheticals without disclosing their true inclinations about a case.

The concern that gives me pause is rooted not in oral argument but in the court’s recent decision in Trump v. Anderson , which held that the State of Colorado could not strike Trump from the ballot for engaging in insurrection or rebellion against the United States. The decision was much broader than necessary, holding that Section 3 of the 14th Amendment isn’t self-executing, meaning that it has no force and effect in the absence of congressional legislation.

If “the focus of any proper originalist inquiry is the document itself,” then the court’s ruling was hardly originalist. The amendment plainly states that “no person shall” hold any office under the United States if he had taken an oath “as an officer of the United States” and then engaged in insurrection or rebellion or provided aid or comfort to the enemies of the Constitution. It’s one thing to hold that this language doesn’t apply to Trump under the specific facts surrounding Jan. 6, but it’s another thing entirely to fundamentally modify the plainly self-executing language of the amendment with a new, judicially imposed condition of congressional action, a condition that does not apply to the rest of the 14th Amendment.

I don’t have any problem with the Supreme Court hearing Trump’s immunity argument. It has decided a series of other cases regarding presidential privileges and immunities, including cases about presidential civil liability for official acts, presidential immunity from civil legal process during his presidency, presidential immunity from criminal subpoenas during his presidency and the scope of Congress’s subpoena power over the president’s personal finances. Given the stakes inherent in a criminal prosecution of a former president, it would be odd for the court not to hear the case.

In that sense, I understand what Justice Neil Gorsuch meant when he said during oral argument that the Supreme Court would be writing a “rule for the ages” when it drafts its opinion. In reality, however, the Constitution has already written a “rule for the ages.” It provides no royal privileges for American presidents. It’s up to the Supreme Court to affirm the plain meaning of the words on the constitutional page.

Some other stuff I did

I’m going to try something new. I’m going to start using the end of my newsletter to highlight my other contributions to The Times, including my column, blog posts and the audio shorts I produce with the outstanding Opinion Audio team. So here’s this week’s offerings, in case you missed them.

On Sunday , I published a Sunday Opinion cover story on campus free speech, campus protests and civil disobedience. It’s long, and it includes my own experiences with three decades’ worth of campus controversy. Here’s the key paragraph:

There is profound confusion on campus right now around the distinctions among free speech, civil disobedience and lawlessness. At the same time, some schools also seem confused about their fundamental academic mission. Does the university believe it should be neutral toward campus activism — protecting it as an exercise of the students’ constitutional rights and academic freedoms but not cooperating with student activists to advance shared goals — or does it incorporate activism as part of the educational process itself, including by coordinating with the protesters and encouraging their activism?

You can read the whole thing here . It was paired with my colleague Lydia Polgreen’s column about the protests.

On Wednesday , I published a short post that tried to give some historical context to help understand the extent of Trump’s foreign policy extremism. During the Cold War, Republicans and Democrats had important differences, but they were both serious parties, led by serious people.

Republicans and Democrats are not equally serious today. In a new interview , Eric Cortellessa of Time magazine asked Trump about his pledge to let Russia “do whatever the hell they want” to countries that he believes don’t meet NATO military spending targets. Trump doubled down. “Yeah, when I said that, I said it with great meaning,” he said, “because I want them to pay. I want them to pay up. That was said as a point of negotiation. I said, Look, if you’re not going to pay, then you’re on your own. And I mean that.”

In 2024 the voters face a choice between a strategy and a temper tantrum. They should choose accordingly.

Finally, on Thursday we published an audio conversation with my colleague Sarah Wildman about the limits of student speech on campus, and I drew a sharp line between lawful protest and protest that actually limits the rights of others:

Sarah Wildman: And next fall, we may, unfortunately, still be seeing conflict in the Middle East. What’s the best-case scenario for campuses, going forward?

David French: I think that a lot of campus administrators need to read some of the statements that I have seen come out of, for example, University of Chicago, where lines are clearly drawn: We will protect free speech. We will permit all voices to protest. We will protect faculty academic freedom. But the instant that your protest violates the rights of others is when it is too far. That language has to be clearly, clearly communicated from Day 1 of the fall semester, and then the university has to walk the talk.

David French is an Opinion columnist, writing about law, culture, religion and armed conflict. He is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom and a former constitutional litigator. His most recent book is “Divided We Fall: America’s Secession Threat and How to Restore Our Nation .” You can follow him on Threads ( @davidfrenchjag ).