for future research meaning

• Cookies & Privacy
• GETTING STARTED
• Introduction
• FUNDAMENTALS
• Acknowledgements
• Research questions & hypotheses
• Concepts, constructs & variables
• Research limitations
• Getting started
• Sampling Strategy
• Research Quality
• Research Ethics
• Data Analysis

FUTURE RESEARCH

Types of future research suggestion.

The Future Research section of your dissertation is often combined with the Research Limitations section of your final, Conclusions chapter. This is because your future research suggestions generally arise out of the research limitations you have identified in your own dissertation. In this article, we discuss six types of future research suggestion. These include: (1) building on a particular finding in your research; (2) addressing a flaw in your research; examining (or testing) a theory (framework or model) either (3) for the first time or (4) in a new context, location and/or culture; (5) re-evaluating and (6) expanding a theory (framework or model). The goal of the article is to help you think about the potential types of future research suggestion that you may want to include in your dissertation.

Before we discuss each of these types of future research suggestion, we should explain why we use the word examining and then put or testing in brackets. This is simply because the word examining may be considered more appropriate when students use a qualitative research design; whereas the word testing fits better with dissertations drawing on a quantitative research design. We also put the words framework or model in brackets after the word theory . We do this because a theory , framework and model are not the same things. In the sections that follow, we discuss six types of future research suggestion.

Addressing research limitations in your dissertation

Building on a particular finding or aspect of your research, examining a conceptual framework (or testing a theoretical model) for the first time, examining a conceptual framework (or testing a theoretical model) in a new context, location and/or culture.

• Expanding a conceptual framework (or testing a theoretical model)

Re-evaluating a conceptual framework (or theoretical model)

In the Research Limitations section of your Conclusions chapter, you will have inevitably detailed the potential flaws (i.e., research limitations) of your dissertation. These may include:

An inability to answer your research questions

Theoretical and conceptual problems

Limitations of your research strategy

Problems of research quality

Identifying what these research limitations were and proposing future research suggestions that address them is arguably the easiest and quickest ways to complete the Future Research section of your Conclusions chapter.

Often, the findings from your dissertation research will highlight a number of new avenues that could be explored in future studies. These can be grouped into two categories:

Your dissertation will inevitably lead to findings that you did not anticipate from the start. These are useful when making future research suggestions because they can lead to entirely new avenues to explore in future studies. If this was the case, it is worth (a) briefly describing what these unanticipated findings were and (b) suggesting a research strategy that could be used to explore such findings in future.

Sometimes, dissertations manage to address all aspects of the research questions that were set. However, this is seldom the case. Typically, there will be aspects of your research questions that could not be answered. This is not necessarily a flaw in your research strategy, but may simply reflect that fact that the findings did not provide all the answers you hoped for. If this was the case, it is worth (a) briefly describing what aspects of your research questions were not answered and (b) suggesting a research strategy that could be used to explore such aspects in future.

You may want to recommend that future research examines the conceptual framework (or tests the theoretical model) that you developed. This is based on the assumption that the primary goal of your dissertation was to set out a conceptual framework (or build a theoretical model). It is also based on the assumption that whilst such a conceptual framework (or theoretical model) was presented, your dissertation did not attempt to examine (or test) it in the field . The focus of your dissertations was most likely a review of the literature rather than something that involved you conducting primary research.

Whilst it is quite rare for dissertations at the undergraduate and master's level to be primarily theoretical in nature like this, it is not unknown. If this was the case, you should think about how the conceptual framework (or theoretical model) that you have presented could be best examined (or tested) in the field . In understanding the how , you should think about two factors in particular:

What is the context, location and/or culture that would best lend itself to my conceptual framework (or theoretical model) if it were to be examined (or tested) in the field?

What research strategy is most appropriate to examine my conceptual framework (or test my theoretical model)?

If the future research suggestion that you want to make is based on examining your conceptual framework (or testing your theoretical model) in the field , you need to suggest the best scenario for doing so.

More often than not, you will not only have set out a conceptual framework (or theoretical model), as described in the previous section, but you will also have examined (or tested) it in the field . When you do this, focus is typically placed on a specific context, location and/or culture.

If this is the case, the obvious future research suggestion that you could propose would be to examine your conceptual framework (or test the theoretical model) in a new context, location and/or culture. For example, perhaps you focused on consumers (rather than businesses), or Canada (rather than the United Kingdom), or a more individualistic culture like the United States (rather than a more collectivist culture like China).

When you propose a new context, location and/or culture as your future research suggestion, make sure you justify the choice that you make. For example, there may be little value in future studies looking at different cultures if culture is not an important component underlying your conceptual framework (or theoretical model). If you are not sure whether a new context, location or culture is more appropriate, or what new context, location or culture you should select, a review the literature will often help clarify where you focus should be.

Expanding a conceptual framework (or theoretical model)

Assuming that you have set out a conceptual framework (or theoretical model) and examined (or tested) it in the field , another series of future research suggestions comes out of expanding that conceptual framework (or theoretical model).

We talk about a series of future research suggestions because there are so many ways that you can expand on your conceptual framework (or theoretical model). For example, you can do this by:

Examining constructs (or variables) that were included in your conceptual framework (or theoretical model) but were not focused.

Looking at a particular relationship aspect of your conceptual framework (or theoretical model) further.

Adding new constructs (or variables) to the conceptual framework (or theoretical model) you set out (if justified by the literature).

It would be possible to include one or a number of these as future research suggestions. Again, make sure that any suggestions you make have are justified , either by your findings or the literature.

With the dissertation process at the undergraduate and master's level lasting between 3 and 9 months, a lot a can happen in between. For example, a specific event (e.g., 9/11, the economic crisis) or some new theory or evidence that undermines (or questions) the literature (theory) and assumptions underpinning your conceptual framework (or theoretical model). Clearly, there is little you can do about this. However, if this happens, reflecting on it and re-evaluating your conceptual framework (or theoretical model), as well as your findings, is an obvious source of future research suggestions.

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• Research paper
• How to Write Recommendations in Research | Examples & Tips

How to Write Recommendations in Research | Examples & Tips

Published on September 15, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on July 18, 2023.

Recommendations in research are a crucial component of your discussion section and the conclusion of your thesis , dissertation , or research paper .

As you conduct your research and analyze the data you collected , perhaps there are ideas or results that don’t quite fit the scope of your research topic. Or, maybe your results suggest that there are further implications of your results or the causal relationships between previously-studied variables than covered in extant research.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

What should recommendations look like, building your research recommendation, how should your recommendations be written, recommendation in research example, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about recommendations.

Recommendations for future research should be:

• Concrete and specific
• Supported with a clear rationale
• Directly connected to your research

Overall, strive to highlight ways other researchers can reproduce or replicate your results to draw further conclusions, and suggest different directions that future research can take, if applicable.

Relatedly, when making these recommendations, avoid:

• Undermining your own work, but rather offer suggestions on how future studies can build upon it
• Suggesting recommendations actually needed to complete your argument, but rather ensure that your research stands alone on its own merits
• Using recommendations as a place for self-criticism, but rather as a natural extension point for your work

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

There are many different ways to frame recommendations, but the easiest is perhaps to follow the formula of research question   conclusion  recommendation. Here’s an example.

Conclusion An important condition for controlling many social skills is mastering language. If children have a better command of language, they can express themselves better and are better able to understand their peers. Opportunities to practice social skills are thus dependent on the development of language skills.

As a rule of thumb, try to limit yourself to only the most relevant future recommendations: ones that stem directly from your work. While you can have multiple recommendations for each research conclusion, it is also acceptable to have one recommendation that is connected to more than one conclusion.

These recommendations should be targeted at your audience, specifically toward peers or colleagues in your field that work on similar subjects to your paper or dissertation topic . They can flow directly from any limitations you found while conducting your work, offering concrete and actionable possibilities for how future research can build on anything that your own work was unable to address at the time of your writing.

See below for a full research recommendation example that you can use as a template to write your own.

Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services

Discover proofreading & editing

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

Research bias

• Survivorship bias
• Self-serving bias
• Availability heuristic
• Halo effect
• Hindsight bias
• Deep learning
• Generative AI
• Machine learning
• Reinforcement learning
• Supervised vs. unsupervised learning

 (AI) Tools

• Grammar Checker
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Text Summarizer
• AI Detector
• Plagiarism Checker
• Citation Generator

While it may be tempting to present new arguments or evidence in your thesis or disseration conclusion , especially if you have a particularly striking argument you’d like to finish your analysis with, you shouldn’t. Theses and dissertations follow a more formal structure than this.

All your findings and arguments should be presented in the body of the text (more specifically in the discussion section and results section .) The conclusion is meant to summarize and reflect on the evidence and arguments you have already presented, not introduce new ones.

The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation should include the following:

• A restatement of your research question
• A summary of your key arguments and/or results
• A short discussion of the implications of your research

For a stronger dissertation conclusion , avoid including:

• Important evidence or analysis that wasn’t mentioned in the discussion section and results section
• Generic concluding phrases (e.g. “In conclusion …”)
• Weak statements that undermine your argument (e.g., “There are good points on both sides of this issue.”)

Your conclusion should leave the reader with a strong, decisive impression of your work.

In a thesis or dissertation, the discussion is an in-depth exploration of the results, going into detail about the meaning of your findings and citing relevant sources to put them in context.

The conclusion is more shorter and more general: it concisely answers your main research question and makes recommendations based on your overall findings.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

George, T. (2023, July 18). How to Write Recommendations in Research | Examples & Tips. Scribbr. Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/recommendations-in-research/

Is this article helpful?

Tegan George

Other students also liked, how to write a discussion section | tips & examples, how to write a thesis or dissertation conclusion, how to write a results section | tips & examples, get unlimited documents corrected.

✔ Free APA citation check included ✔ Unlimited document corrections ✔ Specialized in correcting academic texts

• Research Process
• Manuscript Preparation
• Manuscript Review
• Publication Process
• Publication Recognition
• Language Editing Services
• Translation Services

What are Implications in Research?

• 3 minute read
• 107.5K views

Table of Contents

Manuscripts that do not mention the implications of the study are often desk-rejected by journals. What constitutes the ‘implications’ of research, and why is it important to include research implications in your manuscript?

Research implications: An overview

Once you have laid out the key findings in your paper, you have to discuss how they will likely impact the world. What is the significance of your study to policymakers, the lay person, or other researchers? This speculation, made in good faith, constitutes your study’ implications.

A research paper that does not explain the study’s importance in light of its findings exists in a vacuum. The paper may be relevant to you, the author, and some of your co-workers. But it is unclear how others will benefit from reading it.

How can the findings of your study help create a better world? What can we infer from your conclusion about the current state of research in your field or the quality of methods you employed? These are all important implications of your study.

You cannot predict how your study will influence the world or research in the future. You can only make reasonable speculations. In order to ensure that the implications are reasonable, you have to be mindful of the limitations of your study.

In the research context, only speculations supported by data count as valid implications. If the implications you draw do not logically follow the key findings of your study, they may sound overblown or outright preposterous.

Suppose your study evaluated the effects of a new drug in the adult population. In that case, you could not honestly speculate on how the drug will impact paediatric care. Thus, the implications you draw from your study cannot exceed its scope.

Practical implications

Imagine that your study found a popular type of cognitive therapy to be ineffective in treating insomnia. Your findings imply that psychologists using this type of therapy were not seeing actual results but an expectancy effect. Studies that can potentially impact real-world problems by prompting policy change or change in treatments have practical implications.

It can be helpful to understand the difference between an implication of your study and a recommendation. Suppose your study compares two or more types of therapy, ranks them in the order of effectiveness, and explicitly asks clinicians to follow the most effective type. The suggestion made in the end constitutes a ‘recommendation’ and not an ‘implication’.

Theoretical implications

Are your findings in line with previous research? Did your results validate the methods used in previous research or invalidate them? Has your study discovered a new and helpful way to do experiments? Speculations on how your findings can potentially impact research in your field of study are theoretical implications.

The main difference between practical and theoretical implications is that theoretical implications may not be readily helpful to policymakers or the public.

How to Write Implications in Research

Implications usually form an essential part of the conclusion section of a research paper. As we have mentioned in a previous article, this section starts by summarising your work, but this time emphasises your work’s significance .

While writing the implications, it is helpful to ask, “who will benefit the most from reading my paper?”—policymakers, physicians, the public, or other researchers. Once you know your target population, explain how your findings can help them.

Think about how the findings in your study are similar or dissimilar to the findings of previous studies. Your study may reaffirm or disprove the results of other studies. This is an important implication.

Suggest future directions for research in the subject area in light of your findings or further research to confirm your findings. These are also crucial implications.

Do not try to exaggerate your results, and make sure your tone reflects the strength of your findings. If the implications mentioned in your paper are convincing, it can improve visibility for your work and spur similar studies in your field.

For more information on the importance of implications in research, and guidance on how to include them in your manuscript, visit Elsevier Author Services now!

Differentiating between the abstract and the introduction of a research paper

Writing a good review article

You may also like.

Page-Turner Articles are More Than Just Good Arguments: Be Mindful of Tone and Structure!

A Must-see for Researchers! How to Ensure Inclusivity in Your Scientific Writing

Make Hook, Line, and Sinker: The Art of Crafting Engaging Introductions

Can Describing Study Limitations Improve the Quality of Your Paper?

A Guide to Crafting Shorter, Impactful Sentences in Academic Writing

6 Steps to Write an Excellent Discussion in Your Manuscript

How to Write Clear and Crisp Civil Engineering Papers? Here are 5 Key Tips to Consider

The Clear Path to An Impactful Paper: ②

Input your search keywords and press Enter.

Future research

This refers to areas for further investigation that emerge from current studies, aiming to expand knowledge and address unanswered questions.

" Future research " appears in:

Study guides ( 1 ).

• AP Research - 5.2 Presenting an argument for context, purpose, and/or audience

Related terms

Research gaps : Areas within existing literature where there is limited information available.

Hypotheses development : Formulating educated guesses about relationships between variables before conducting empirical studies.

Methodological advancements : Innovations in research techniques and approaches that enhance data collection and analysis.

Stay Connected

© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.

AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.

Suggestions for Future Research

Your dissertation needs to include suggestions for future research. Depending on requirements of your university, suggestions for future research can be either integrated into Research Limitations section or it can be a separate section.

You will need to propose 4-5 suggestions for future studies and these can include the following:

1. Building upon findings of your research . These may relate to findings of your study that you did not anticipate. Moreover, you may suggest future research to address unanswered aspects of your research problem.

2. Addressing limitations of your research . Your research will not be free from limitations and these may relate to formulation of research aim and objectives, application of data collection method, sample size, scope of discussions and analysis etc. You can propose future research suggestions that address the limitations of your study.

3. Constructing the same research in a new context, location and/or culture . It is most likely that you have addressed your research problem within the settings of specific context, location and/or culture. Accordingly, you can propose future studies that can address the same research problem in a different settings, context, location and/or culture.

4. Re-assessing and expanding theory, framework or model you have addressed in your research . Future studies can address the effects of specific event, emergence of a new theory or evidence and/or other recent phenomenon on your research problem.

My e-book,  The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Dissertation in Business Studies: a step by step assistance  offers practical assistance to complete a dissertation with minimum or no stress. The e-book covers all stages of writing a dissertation starting from the selection to the research area to submitting the completed version of the work within the deadline. John Dudovskiy

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

future research

Meanings of future and research.

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

(Definition of future and research from the Cambridge English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

• Examples of future research

Word of the Day

a game played on ice between two teams of players who each have a curved stick with which they try to put a puck (= a small, hard disc) into the other team's goal

Fakes and forgeries (Things that are not what they seem to be)

Learn more with +Plus

• Recent and Recommended {{#preferredDictionaries}} {{name}} {{/preferredDictionaries}}
• Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English English Learner’s Dictionary Essential British English Essential American English
• Grammar and thesaurus Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English Grammar Thesaurus
• Pronunciation British and American pronunciations with audio English Pronunciation
• English–Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Simplified)–English
• English–Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Traditional)–English
• English–Dutch Dutch–English
• English–French French–English
• English–German German–English
• English–Indonesian Indonesian–English
• English–Italian Italian–English
• English–Japanese Japanese–English
• English–Norwegian Norwegian–English
• English–Polish Polish–English
• English–Portuguese Portuguese–English
• English–Spanish Spanish–English
• English–Swedish Swedish–English
• Dictionary +Plus Word Lists

{{message}}

There was a problem sending your report.

• Definition of future
• Definition of research
• Other collocations with research

• Privacy Policy

Home » Research Recommendations – Examples and Writing Guide

Research Recommendations – Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Research Recommendations

Definition:

Research recommendations refer to suggestions or advice given to someone who is looking to conduct research on a specific topic or area. These recommendations may include suggestions for research methods, data collection techniques, sources of information, and other factors that can help to ensure that the research is conducted in a rigorous and effective manner. Research recommendations may be provided by experts in the field, such as professors, researchers, or consultants, and are intended to help guide the researcher towards the most appropriate and effective approach to their research project.

Parts of Research Recommendations

Research recommendations can vary depending on the specific project or area of research, but typically they will include some or all of the following parts:

• Research question or objective : This is the overarching goal or purpose of the research project.
• Research methods : This includes the specific techniques and strategies that will be used to collect and analyze data. The methods will depend on the research question and the type of data being collected.
• Data collection: This refers to the process of gathering information or data that will be used to answer the research question. This can involve a range of different methods, including surveys, interviews, observations, or experiments.
• Data analysis : This involves the process of examining and interpreting the data that has been collected. This can involve statistical analysis, qualitative analysis, or a combination of both.
• Results and conclusions: This section summarizes the findings of the research and presents any conclusions or recommendations based on those findings.
• Limitations and future research: This section discusses any limitations of the study and suggests areas for future research that could build on the findings of the current project.

How to Write Research Recommendations

Writing research recommendations involves providing specific suggestions or advice to a researcher on how to conduct their study. Here are some steps to consider when writing research recommendations:

• Understand the research question: Before writing research recommendations, it is important to have a clear understanding of the research question and the objectives of the study. This will help to ensure that the recommendations are relevant and appropriate.
• Consider the research methods: Consider the most appropriate research methods that could be used to collect and analyze data that will address the research question. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the different methods and how they might apply to the specific research question.
• Provide specific recommendations: Provide specific and actionable recommendations that the researcher can implement in their study. This can include recommendations related to sample size, data collection techniques, research instruments, data analysis methods, or other relevant factors.
• Justify recommendations : Justify why each recommendation is being made and how it will help to address the research question or objective. It is important to provide a clear rationale for each recommendation to help the researcher understand why it is important.
• Consider limitations and ethical considerations : Consider any limitations or potential ethical considerations that may arise in conducting the research. Provide recommendations for addressing these issues or mitigating their impact.
• Summarize recommendations: Provide a summary of the recommendations at the end of the report or document, highlighting the most important points and emphasizing how the recommendations will contribute to the overall success of the research project.

Example of Research Recommendations

Example of Research Recommendations sample for students:

• Further investigate the effects of X on Y by conducting a larger-scale randomized controlled trial with a diverse population.
• Explore the relationship between A and B by conducting qualitative interviews with individuals who have experience with both.
• Investigate the long-term effects of intervention C by conducting a follow-up study with participants one year after completion.
• Examine the effectiveness of intervention D in a real-world setting by conducting a field study in a naturalistic environment.
• Compare and contrast the results of this study with those of previous research on the same topic to identify any discrepancies or inconsistencies in the findings.
• Expand upon the limitations of this study by addressing potential confounding variables and conducting further analyses to control for them.
• Investigate the relationship between E and F by conducting a meta-analysis of existing literature on the topic.
• Explore the potential moderating effects of variable G on the relationship between H and I by conducting subgroup analyses.
• Identify potential areas for future research based on the gaps in current literature and the findings of this study.
• Conduct a replication study to validate the results of this study and further establish the generalizability of the findings.

Applications of Research Recommendations

Research recommendations are important as they provide guidance on how to improve or solve a problem. The applications of research recommendations are numerous and can be used in various fields. Some of the applications of research recommendations include:

• Policy-making: Research recommendations can be used to develop policies that address specific issues. For example, recommendations from research on climate change can be used to develop policies that reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainability.
• Program development: Research recommendations can guide the development of programs that address specific issues. For example, recommendations from research on education can be used to develop programs that improve student achievement.
• Product development : Research recommendations can guide the development of products that meet specific needs. For example, recommendations from research on consumer behavior can be used to develop products that appeal to consumers.
• Marketing strategies: Research recommendations can be used to develop effective marketing strategies. For example, recommendations from research on target audiences can be used to develop marketing strategies that effectively reach specific demographic groups.
• Medical practice : Research recommendations can guide medical practitioners in providing the best possible care to patients. For example, recommendations from research on treatments for specific conditions can be used to improve patient outcomes.
• Scientific research: Research recommendations can guide future research in a specific field. For example, recommendations from research on a specific disease can be used to guide future research on treatments and cures for that disease.

Purpose of Research Recommendations

The purpose of research recommendations is to provide guidance on how to improve or solve a problem based on the findings of research. Research recommendations are typically made at the end of a research study and are based on the conclusions drawn from the research data. The purpose of research recommendations is to provide actionable advice to individuals or organizations that can help them make informed decisions, develop effective strategies, or implement changes that address the issues identified in the research.

The main purpose of research recommendations is to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from researchers to practitioners, policymakers, or other stakeholders who can benefit from the research findings. Recommendations can help bridge the gap between research and practice by providing specific actions that can be taken based on the research results. By providing clear and actionable recommendations, researchers can help ensure that their findings are put into practice, leading to improvements in various fields, such as healthcare, education, business, and public policy.

Characteristics of Research Recommendations

Research recommendations are a key component of research studies and are intended to provide practical guidance on how to apply research findings to real-world problems. The following are some of the key characteristics of research recommendations:

• Actionable : Research recommendations should be specific and actionable, providing clear guidance on what actions should be taken to address the problem identified in the research.
• Evidence-based: Research recommendations should be based on the findings of the research study, supported by the data collected and analyzed.
• Contextual: Research recommendations should be tailored to the specific context in which they will be implemented, taking into account the unique circumstances and constraints of the situation.
• Feasible : Research recommendations should be realistic and feasible, taking into account the available resources, time constraints, and other factors that may impact their implementation.
• Prioritized: Research recommendations should be prioritized based on their potential impact and feasibility, with the most important recommendations given the highest priority.
• Communicated effectively: Research recommendations should be communicated clearly and effectively, using language that is understandable to the target audience.
• Evaluated : Research recommendations should be evaluated to determine their effectiveness in addressing the problem identified in the research, and to identify opportunities for improvement.

Advantages of Research Recommendations

Research recommendations have several advantages, including:

• Providing practical guidance: Research recommendations provide practical guidance on how to apply research findings to real-world problems, helping to bridge the gap between research and practice.
• Improving decision-making: Research recommendations help decision-makers make informed decisions based on the findings of research, leading to better outcomes and improved performance.
• Enhancing accountability : Research recommendations can help enhance accountability by providing clear guidance on what actions should be taken, and by providing a basis for evaluating progress and outcomes.
• Informing policy development : Research recommendations can inform the development of policies that are evidence-based and tailored to the specific needs of a given situation.
• Enhancing knowledge transfer: Research recommendations help facilitate the transfer of knowledge from researchers to practitioners, policymakers, or other stakeholders who can benefit from the research findings.
• Encouraging further research : Research recommendations can help identify gaps in knowledge and areas for further research, encouraging continued exploration and discovery.
• Promoting innovation: Research recommendations can help identify innovative solutions to complex problems, leading to new ideas and approaches.

Limitations of Research Recommendations

While research recommendations have several advantages, there are also some limitations to consider. These limitations include:

• Context-specific: Research recommendations may be context-specific and may not be applicable in all situations. Recommendations developed in one context may not be suitable for another context, requiring adaptation or modification.
• I mplementation challenges: Implementation of research recommendations may face challenges, such as lack of resources, resistance to change, or lack of buy-in from stakeholders.
• Limited scope: Research recommendations may be limited in scope, focusing only on a specific issue or aspect of a problem, while other important factors may be overlooked.
• Uncertainty : Research recommendations may be uncertain, particularly when the research findings are inconclusive or when the recommendations are based on limited data.
• Bias : Research recommendations may be influenced by researcher bias or conflicts of interest, leading to recommendations that are not in the best interests of stakeholders.
• Timing : Research recommendations may be time-sensitive, requiring timely action to be effective. Delayed action may result in missed opportunities or reduced effectiveness.
• Lack of evaluation: Research recommendations may not be evaluated to determine their effectiveness or impact, making it difficult to assess whether they are successful or not.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

You may also like

Background of The Study – Examples and Writing...

Appendices – Writing Guide, Types and Examples

Critical Analysis – Types, Examples and Writing...

Research Results Section – Writing Guide and...

Dissertation vs Thesis – Key Differences

Informed Consent in Research – Types, Templates...

Words and phrases

Personal account.

• Access or purchase personal subscriptions
• Get our newsletter
• Save searches
• Set display preferences

Institutional access

Sign in with library card

Sign in with username / password

Recommend to your librarian

Institutional account management

Sign in as administrator on Oxford Academic

future research noun

• Hide all quotations

What does the noun future research mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun future research . See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

Entry status

OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.

How common is the noun future research ?

Where does the noun future research come from?

Earliest known use

The earliest known use of the noun future research is in the 1960s.

OED's earliest evidence for future research is from 1969, in New Scientist .

future research is formed within English, by compounding.

Etymons: future adj. & n. , research n. 1

Nearby entries

• future, adj. & n. c1374–
• future, v. 1642–50
• future history, n. 1650–
• futureless, adj. 1863–
• futurely, adv. ?1611–1793
• futureness, n. 1829–
• future-proof, adj. 1983–
• future-proof, v. 1986–
• future-proofed, adj. 1986–
• future-proofing, n. 1989–
• future research, n. 1969–
• future shock, n. 1965–
• future study, n. 1971–
• futurism, n. 1849–
• futurist, n. 1842–
• futuristic, adj. 1915–
• futuritial, adj. 1846–
• futurition, n. 1641–
• futurity, n. a1616–
• futurity stakes, n. 1902–
• futurize, v. 1859–

Thank you for visiting Oxford English Dictionary

To continue reading, please sign in below or purchase a subscription. After purchasing, please sign in below to access the content.

Meaning & use

Entry history for future research, n..

Originally published as part of the entry for future, adj. & n.

future, adj. & n. was first published in 1898; not yet revised.

Revision of the OED is a long-term project. Entries in oed.com which have not been revised may include:

• corrections and revisions to definitions, pronunciation, etymology, headwords, variant spellings, quotations, and dates;
• new senses, phrases, and quotations which have been added in subsequent print and online updates.

Earlier versions of this entry were published in:

OED Second Edition (1989)

• Find out more
• View future, a. and n. in OED Second Edition

Please submit your feedback for future research, n.

Please include your email address if you are happy to be contacted about your feedback. OUP will not use this email address for any other purpose.

Citation details

Factsheet for future research, n., browse entry.

How to write the part scope for further research?

The part scope for further research is essential in every academic study such as a thesis , dissertation or journal paper . The main purpose of this part is to make the readers aware of the findings emerging from the study, and its shortcomings. The shortcomings of the research gap guide future researchers on a domain that they must consider to save time and avoid repetitive outcomes.

Furthermore, this section also gives guidelines to researchers on other dimensions and critical estimations from which the topic can be explored.

Emphasize the significance of further research

There are no specific rules or guidelines for this part. However, since it is expected to be brief and informative, the following format is recommended.

Start this section by reflecting on the significance of the present study in brief. Answering questions such as:

• Whether the research deviated from its initial objectives?
• What was the original idea behind the research?
• From where was the inspiration drawn?

Answering such questions is important because the reader should connect to the idea of the research.

Limitations of the study

Furthermore, briefly explain the limitations of the study. This step proves significant for scholars who wish to address areas that can enrich the research topic further. The limitations can either be presented separately, in an independent section called “Limitations of the research”, or can be integrated within the future scope. Also, the limitations should be scalable and relatable, i.e. something that other researchers feel can be accomplished under different circumstances. This is also the key to setting recommendations for future studies.

Justify the future scope

Furthermore, provide justifications for the reasons why the mentioned areas have not been covered in the current study. Identify the probable bottlenecks other researchers might encounter while considering future research related to the topic. This will help them formulate an achievable or practically applicable plan for their own research, including the scope, aim and methodology.

Suggestions

Finally, the approach of the researcher becomes more direct. To be specific, some direct research suggestions should be given to other scholars for future studies. Be precise so that the reader is confident to undertake future studies in the suggested areas.

Answering the following questions can help:

• What should be explored by others?
• Why is it worth exploring?
• What can be achieved from it?
• Will the suggested study be relevant five to ten years down the line?
• How does it add to the overall body of the literature?

Types of writing a future scope

There are different types of future research scope, based on the kind of writing, such as:

• The future scope is focused solely on study findings.
• The future scope is focused on the theory or theoretical model misused.
• The future scope from lack of literary support.
• The future scope of geographical outreach.
• The future scope of testing methods and statistics.
• The future scope on the complete redesigning of methodology.

Points to keep in mind

The most important aspect of writing the future scope part is to present it in an affirmative way. As identified in the former section, it is crucial to identify if the limitations are methods-based or researcher based. It should be concise and critical to the field of study. Refrain from using a reference in the scope for the future research part.

Make sure the points discussed remain achievable in a proximal time frame. In addition, make sure that they are in relation to the theoretical development of the study in focus.

• Priya Chetty

Priya is the co-founder and Managing Partner of Project Guru, a research and analytics firm based in Gurgaon. She is responsible for the human resource planning and operations functions. Her expertise in analytics has been used in a number of service-based industries like education and financial services.

Her foundational educational is from St. Xaviers High School (Mumbai). She also holds MBA degree in Marketing and Finance from the Indian Institute of Planning and Management, Delhi (2008).

Some of the notable projects she has worked on include:

• Using systems thinking to improve sustainability in operations: A study carried out in Malaysia in partnership with Universiti Kuala Lumpur.
• Assessing customer satisfaction with in-house doctors of Jiva Ayurveda (a project executed for the company)
• Predicting the potential impact of green hydrogen microgirds (A project executed for the Government of South Africa)

She is a key contributor to the in-house research platform Knowledge Tank.

She currently holds over 300 citations  from her contributions to the platform.

She has also been a guest speaker at various institutes such as JIMS (Delhi), BPIT (Delhi), and SVU (Tirupati).

• Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)
• Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)
• Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)
• Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window)
• Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window)

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

8 thoughts on “How to write the part scope for further research?”

Proofreading.

Warning: The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function. more...

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it's official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings
• Browse Titles

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Adams J, Bateman B, Becker F, et al. Effectiveness and acceptability of parental financial incentives and quasi-mandatory schemes for increasing uptake of vaccinations in preschool children: systematic review, qualitative study and discrete choice experiment. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2015 Nov. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 19.94.)

Effectiveness and acceptability of parental financial incentives and quasi-mandatory schemes for increasing uptake of vaccinations in preschool children: systematic review, qualitative study and discrete choice experiment.

Chapter 7 recommendations for future research.

Recommendations for future research have been considered in the discussion sections of Chapters 3 – 5 and are summarised here for ease of reference. We have attempted to place these in priority order.

• Further evidence is required on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parental financial incentive and quasi-mandatory interventions for encouraging the uptake of preschool vaccinations. As such, interventions are likely to be implemented on a large scale; evaluation strategies such as natural experiments and step-wedge designs may be most useful in generating such evidence. 82
• Further evidence is required on the most effective and cost-effective configuration of any parental financial incentive and quasi-mandatory interventions for encouraging the uptake of preschool vaccinations. Intervention development work, taking account of existing behaviour-change theory, may be useful to maximise the potential effectiveness of incentive interventions. This should involve further consideration of the effective component, or components, of financial incentive interventions.
• Further consideration of reasons for non-vaccination should be incorporated into new interventions for promoting the uptake of preschool vaccinations. Parental financial incentive and quasi-mandatory interventions for encouraging uptake of preschool vaccinations may not adequately address the reasons for non-vaccination in high-income countries that tend to achieve overall high coverage of preschool vaccinations.
• Further consideration of how a quasi-mandatory intervention for encouraging the uptake of preschool vaccinations could be designed and implemented is required. Particular issues requiring further consideration include data sharing of vaccination status between health-care providers and schools, responsibilities of different sectors and staff, and how provision would be made for legitimate opt-out.
• If high-quality evidence of effectiveness of parental financial incentive and quasi-mandatory interventions for encouraging uptake of preschool vaccinations is generated, further evidence is required on how to effectively communicate this information to all stakeholders. As acceptability is linked to perceived effectiveness, further evidence on the impact of well-communicated effectiveness evidence on perceived acceptability is also required.
• The factors that may increase acceptance of mandatory schemes warrant further research, and additional DCEs could be conducted to explore parental preferences on how a mandate for vaccination might be imposed.
• Further consideration may be required of how existing systems and resources for encouraging the uptake of preschool vaccinations can be optimised. In particular, further evidence may be required on how to provide accessible information and education, and how to deliver accessible vaccination services. However, although these issues were raised in the present work, we did not conduct a systematic review on these topics and, as such, cannot make definitive recommendations for future research.
• Research engaging parents in an iterative codesign process to design optimally acceptable and usable information that conveys robust and balanced data on the consequences of disease and the benefits and risks of vaccinations is required.

Included under terms of UK Non-commercial Government License .

• Cite this Page Adams J, Bateman B, Becker F, et al. Effectiveness and acceptability of parental financial incentives and quasi-mandatory schemes for increasing uptake of vaccinations in preschool children: systematic review, qualitative study and discrete choice experiment. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2015 Nov. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 19.94.) Chapter 7, Recommendations for future research.
• PDF version of this title (21M)

Other titles in this collection

• Health Technology Assessment

Recent Activity

• Recommendations for future research - Effectiveness and acceptability of parenta... Recommendations for future research - Effectiveness and acceptability of parental financial incentives and quasi-mandatory schemes for increasing uptake of vaccinations in preschool children: systematic review, qualitative study and discrete choice experiment

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

Connect with NLM

National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894

Web Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure

Help Accessibility Careers

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock A locked padlock ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Forest Service Research & Development

The Research and Development arm of the Forest Service, a component of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, works at the forefront of science to improve the health and use of our Nation's forests and grasslands. Research has been part of the Forest Service mission since the agency's inception in 1905.

Bsal and Beyond: Task Force Helps Stave Off Amphibian Disease Threat

Scientists Build Network to Test Reforestation Practices for Climate Adaptation

Upcoming webinars, indigenous voices and stewardship in urban landscapes, urban tree cover for urban heat island reduction, new publications, latest products.

Afire: Fire Ignition, Mitigation, and Recovery in the WUI (Season 4, Episode 6)

Afire: fire effects above and below ground (season 4, episode 5), mobile biochar production from forest biomass as a site restoration and climate change mitigation tool, afire: fire weather, wind and smoke (season 4, episode 4), afire: understanding different fire (season 4, episode 3), climate change in the northern great plains: 5 key messages from the 5th national climate assessment..

CAREER & HIRING ADVICE

19 important hybrid working statistics to know now and for the future.

• Ryan Bradshaw
• June 17, 2024

Much of the business world is in uncharted territory in 2021 and beyond. Many employers want their workforce back in the office but many employees wish to still work from home.

This puts the post-Covid future front and center on the minds of companies. The resulting vision for many employers is a model that combines office time with remote working.

This vision brings in the new hybrid work model. This model allows employees to work from home part of the time and come into the office between 1 and 4 days a week.

Employees and employers who took the Remote Work & Compensation Pulse Survey in May 2021, 48% expressed a desire to be fully remote. 44% of employees favored hybrid working arrangements. Among employers, 51% support the hybrid work model, while only 5% mention fully remote work as a possibility. 

What is the definition of hybrid work?

• Hybrid work models are used by 63% of high-growth companies  

Gen Z employees want some form of onsite work

Will compensation change for remote employees or hybrid employees, hybrid work model statistics explored, does the hybrid work model cost more for employers, leadership, purpose, and culture, embrace new ways of working, adapt roles and structure, workspaces and systems.

Generally speaking, a hybrid workforce consists of employees who work remotely and those who work in an office or a central location. Workers can decide where they are most productive – or choose a combination of both – based on their preferences.

This means some employees will only work remotely from home. While other employees will only work in the office. Finally, some employees will work at home for 2 or 3 days and work in the office for the other remaining days of the workweek.

This hybrid work model is seeing an explosion in popularity. However, managing hybrid employees has it challenges.

Many employees enjoy working from home most of the time but they also crave human interaction with their coworkers . These are the types of interactions they can’t get in a video zoom meeting.

Hybrid work models are used by 63% of high-growth companies  

An Accenture report noted that regardless of where you are located, ensuring your workforce is healthy and productive will yield bottom-line benefits. The report found that using productivity anywhere hybrid workforce models are embraced by 63% of high-revenue growth companies .

69% of companies with negative or no growth reject the concept of hybrid workforces and prefer all onsite or all remote employees.  

Workers prefer a hybrid model 83% of the time .

Gen Z employees want to experience onsite work in some form, Accenture’s report reveals, despite growing up in an era of selfies, texting, and virtual reality.  

More than 74% of Gen Z respondents prefer interacting with colleagues face-to-face, followed by Baby Boomers (68%), and Gen Xers (66%).  

A recent remote work survey by salary.com also found the following. 92% of employers do not have a system in place for determining compensation for employees who work remotely only part of the time. 

For 72% of employers , there is no formal method for determining compensation for remote workers.

Over 97% of employers report they won’t reduce pay for partially remote employees. However, 21% of employers would adjust their salaries with respect to an employee’s contribution, geographical location, Has well as concerns about company culture.

During the pandemic, 9% of employees relocated to another location making a return to the office full-time impossible.

In a survey of 94% of employees, they believe that salaries should be determined by skill set and not where they are located.

In determining remote pay for new hires, 25% of employers take different factors into consideration.

Employers surveyed said they would consider the following factors when determining pay:

• Competitiveness outside the organization (67%)
• Competitiveness inside the organization (58%)
• Cost of living expense (43%)

34% of employers surveyed said they wouldn’t hire a fully remote employee in a different geographic market at the same rate as an on-site employee.

The Pulse of the American Worker Survey found that 87% of people want to work from home at least 1 day of the week. 68% of American workers say the ability to work remotely and on-site is the perfect work model.

Only 8% of remote employees are willing to return full-time to work after the pandemic, according to the Remote Work & Compensation Pulse Survey. While 48% of workers want to work from home permanently, the remaining 44% want to work from home part of the week .

If their compensation was lowered due to them working remotely, 83% of employees would leave their current job the same survey found. 

55% of respondents from a study by Stanford want to spend some time in the office and some time at home. 25% of workers in the study want to work a home full time and 20% of workers only want to work in the office. 

The study also found that certain employees would try working from home, but would soon discover that it was too lonely. Some also became addicted to one of three things the television, fridge, or bed, and ended up returning to work in their office.

A survey by owl labs found that  In the United States, 87% of workers would like a 10-hour/4-day work week, while 82% would prefer core working hours.

A recent survey by the economist found that 34% of respondents said that face-to-face interruptions from colleagues was the biggest reason they lose focus at work.

36% of respondents indicated that they felt more focused working at home than in their office, compared to 28% who reported feeling less focused.

Does this mean the hybrid model of work may be the superior choice for many businesses? At this point, it may be too early to say but the next couple of years will let us know for sure.

Assessing which roles are most suitable for remote working, onsite working, or hybrid working is important. This will assist in establishing the long-term goals and ambitions for work in the future.

In a recent survey conducted by Prudential Financial Inc. , 34% of workers said their employers should provide resources to establish a home office.

33% of workers said they should be reimbursed for expenses related to remote work. 

The Remote Work & Compensation Pulse Survey by salary.com found that 51% of employers expect employees to have to return to the workplace. However, they will give them flexible options to work remotely part of the time. 

If employees have the option to work in the office full time should employers pay these work from home costs? Businesses will need policies in place when addressing these questions by their remote and hybrid workforce.

Having the same systems for both office and remote work could cost employees double for some of the equipment needed. A few of these include phone systems, fast internet access, security, and more.

Employers will also have to take into consideration hiring remote workers from states where they don’t have an official office presence. This will include potentially paying higher unemployment tax rates , and navigating new employment laws in the state where the employee works.

Employees in some localities could face double taxation due to conflicting state laws.

When crafting policies and establishing guidelines there are several things to consider.

Businesses should carefully plan and check what specific requirements states require in the locations they plan to hire remote workers.

If businesses are looking for contract remote workers staffing agencies can take care of these issues for them.

On the flip side, businesses will require leasing less office space if there are fewer employees in the office on a given day. Employers should also consider negotiating some type of rent deferral or abatement in new leases.

They should do this in case the state or government says they are not allowed in the office due to a future pandemic.

What are the building blocks to support a hybrid work model?

• Refining and redefining the organization’s purpose will inspire members of the team and drive performance.
• Articulating and activating the culture required to build engagement, drive performance, and reinforce the organization’s purpose.
• Help develop leaders who support the organization’s culture and purpose. Leadership development consultants like Michael Mauro can help you design and implement impactful leadership development programmes to make sure your leaders become agile and inclusive, and are able to navigate disruption .
• Getting to know your employees is vital. Survey your staff to find out how and where they get their work done.
• Establish new nimble team structures and processes so that each can collaborate to its full potential.
• Structure and roles should be adapted to maximize employee and customer satisfaction and empowerment.
• Streamline the target customer experience using support platforms and increase the speed and scale of operations. 
• Workspace and systems should be redesigned to support hybrid working models, taking into consideration the needs and activities of employees.
• In order to support the digital transformation, invest in smart workspaces and digital infrastructure.

78% of HR professionals surveyed by Crain’s Future of Work survey say flexible schedules and remote working are effective ways to retain workers without spending money.

Many companies will need to adjust their business model in order to compete. The Hybrid work model is a good way to stay ahead of the game, keep employees engaged, happy, and contributing effectively to the companies bottom line.

The tools required to maintain team accountability and focus are also crucial for hybrid teams. By focusing on outcomes, rather than output, leaders will be able to ensure equal treatment of employees whether remote or in the office.

A hybrid work model can be a win-win situation for both employer and employee. It allows employers to hire talented people without having to spend as much on office space or other overhead costs.

For employees, the opportunity comes with certain benefits like having the flexibility where they can work or who to work with on a daily basis.

• Business Advice
• Employer Advice
• Job Seeker Advice

Related Posts

Optimizing machine learning models with aws partner solutions.

• July 3, 2024

Innovative Ways IT Specialists Can Improve Contract Management for Companies

How it professionals can improve job search efficiency.

• July 2, 2024

21 Essential Job Interview Statistics You Want To Know

• July 1, 2024

How To Write an Email or Letter Asking for a Raise

Your next engineering or it job search starts here., how do you hire for engineering and it.

1955 Lake Park DR SE STE 350 Smyrna, GA 30080

Dallas, TX 75212

Our Dallas TX recruiting experts understand the challenges unique to companies in dozens of industries  and of all sizes.

Houston, TX 77040

Our Houston TX recruiting experts understand the challenges unique to companies in dozens of industries  and of all sizes.

Austin, TX 78717

Our Austin / San Antiono TX recruiting experts understand the challenges unique to companies in dozens of industries  and of all sizes.

Tampa, FL 33612

Our Tampa FL recruiting experts understand the challenges unique to companies in dozens of industries  and of all sizes.

Raleigh, NC 27612

Our Raleigh NC recruiting experts understand the challenges unique to companies in dozens of industries  and of all sizes.

Columbia, SC 29203

Our Greenville SC recruiting experts understand the challenges unique to companies in dozens of industries  and of all sizes.

Chicago, IL 60714

Our Chicago IL recruiting experts understand the challenges unique to companies in dozens of industries  and of all sizes.

• Engineering Staffing
• CAD Design / Drafting
• Information Technology
• Renewable Energy Recruiters
• Software Engineering Recruiters
• Controls Engineering Recruiters
• Supply Chain Recruiting
• Wireless & Telecom Recruiting
• Mechanical Engineering Recruiters
• Electrical Engineering Recruiters
• Civil Engineering Recruiters
• Chemical Engineering Recruiters

Measuring well-being and progress

GDP is a well-established tool for measuring economic output, but it does not tell us whether life as a whole is getting better, and for whom. The OECD Well-being Framework helps to monitor societal progress “beyond GDP” and is informing people-centric and integrated policy making across the many dimensions that matter for people, the planet and future generations. The Framework provides a compass to understand how human well-being is evolving in the context of the ecological and digital transitions, and what key actions are needed to support it.

• Well-being frameworks for people-focused policies
• OECD World Forums on Well-being

Select a language

Key messages, improving people’s well-being requires balancing economic, social and environmental objectives and focusing on relationships and social connectedness.

Assessing the well-being of individuals, communities and societies requires looking at multiple aspects that matter for people’s lives. This holistic perspective is even more relevant in a context of fast societal changes. The OECD Well-being Framework considers current well-being outcomes – and inequalities in these – to capture the material conditions that shape people’s economic options, their quality of life, and their relationships. The Framework also includes the systemic resources that are needed to sustain well-being in the future and within planetary and social boundaries. The Framework can support governments and other actors to design policies that promote synergies between economic, social and environmental goals and that put a primary focus on promoting mental health at individual and community level.

The OECD collects statistics on the key components of well-being to monitor people’s quality of life and relational well-being in the context of the digital, demographic and green transitions and to help countries understand whether life is getting better and whether the benefits of progress are being shared equally.

Countries have started to collect internationally harmonised statistics on well-being and should expand this practice further

Frequent, timely and high-quality data on well-being is essential to inform policy decisions. The OECD is advancing the statistical agenda by supporting data producers with methodological guidance on new frontiers of well-being measurement, including subjective well-being, trust, mental health and social connectedness. Although more work remains to be done, this has helped to close data gaps, especially in dimensions of life where internationally harmonised well-being data is most scarce.

The OECD is continuing to update its advice to reflect the latest evidence. For instance, the 2013 Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being are currently being expanded to include guidance on child subjective well-being as well as more globally inclusive measures. 

A well-being lens can bring a more integrated perspective to policy challenges, such as mental health

Mental health affects every aspect of life and is influenced by people’s economic, social and environmental living conditions. However, despite mental health’s strong interactions with factors such as income, education, employment and the environment, integrated approaches across government departments remain limited or small-scale. Reasons include inter-departmental task forces often being time-limited and without decision-making power and resource constraints remain a challenge.

The OECD uses a well-being lens to underscore the reciprocal relationships between mental health and socio-economic outcomes and shows how policies to promote mental health can contribute to achieving other social, economic and environmental policy goals.

OECD governments are increasingly using well-being evidence to inform their policy practices

The real pressure test for well-being initiatives is whether they will be able to graduate from “yet another report” to tangibly influencing government decision-making, and ultimately, people’s quality of life. Multidimensional well-being frameworks and concepts are increasingly being employed by OECD countries in budgeting, policy appraisal and evaluation, strategic coordination, and performance management. Mainstreaming well-being in policy is not a simple add-on to existing practice: it requires and supports new ways of thinking and acting that are more people-focused, more long-term and more joined-up across economic, social, and environmental policy objectives.

In 2023, the OECD launched the Knowledge Exchange Platform on Well-being Metrics and Policy Practice to provide a space for sharing experiences and solutions and to support governments interested in developing policy-focused well-being initiatives. 

How’s life in your country?

The OECD has developed innovative data visualisations that help to illustrate each country’s relative well-being strengths and weaknesses across themes like income, work and job quality, housing conditions, health, safety, social connectedness and civic engagement. The longer a bar in the “well-being wheel”, the better the outcomes in a specific area of well-being, compared to other OECD countries.

Mental health shapes many aspects of life

The OECD used the dimensions of its Well-being Framework to illustrate how economic, social and environmental outcomes intersect with mental health. People experiencing worse mental health tend to fare far worse in most other aspects of their well-being. For example, compared to the general population, those at risk of mental distress are nearly twice as likely to be at the bottom of the income distribution, to be unemployed, or to be unhappy with how they spend their time; their risk for feeling lonely is more than four times greater.

Related content

• Tool OECD Better Life Index There is more to life than the cold numbers of GDP and economic statistics – This Index allows you to compare well-being across countries, based on 11 topics the OECD has identified as essential, in the areas of material living conditions and quality of life. oecdbetterlifeindex.org
• OECD Data Explorer data-explorer.oecd.org

Related publications

Related policy issues

• Well-being and beyond GDP To understand whether policies are improving lives we need to look "beyond GDP" and consider a broader range of economic, social and environmental outcomes for people. This also allows to understand what matters to people and what drives their behaviours, providing another channel of action to policies. The OECD is leading efforts to develop indicators that measure the well-being of individuals, families, society, future generations and the planet at a time of deep changes and transformations. Learn more

Breaking News

OPINION ANALYSIS

Supreme court strikes down chevron , curtailing power of federal agencies.

This article was updated on June 28 at 3:46 p.m.

In a major ruling, the Supreme Court on Friday cut back sharply on the power of federal agencies to interpret the laws they administer and ruled that courts should rely on their own interpretion of ambiguous laws. The decision will likely have far-reaching effects across the country, from environmental regulation to healthcare costs.

By a vote of 6-3, the justices overruled their landmark 1984 decision in Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council , which gave rise to the doctrine known as the Chevron doctrine. Under that doctrine, if Congress has not directly addressed the question at the center of a dispute, a court was required to uphold the agency’s interpretation of the statute as long as it was reasonable. But in a 35-page ruling by Chief Justice John Roberts, the justices rejected that doctrine, calling it “fundamentally misguided.”

Justice Elena Kagan dissented, in an opinion joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Ketanji Brown Jackson. Kagan predicted that Friday’s ruling “will cause a massive shock to the legal system.”

When the Supreme Court first issued its decision in the Chevron case more than 40 years ago, the decision was not necessarily regarded as a particularly consequential one. But in the years since then, it became one of the most important rulings on federal administrative law, cited by federal courts more than 18,000 times.

Although the Chevron decision – which upheld the Reagan-era Environmental Protection Agency’s interpretation of the Clean Air Act that eased regulation of emissions – was generally hailed by conservatives at the time, the ruling eventually became a target for those seeking to curtail the administrative state, who argued that courts, rather than federal agencies, should say what the law means. The justices had rebuffed earlier requests (including by one of the same lawyers who argued one of the cases here) to consider overruling Chevron before they agreed last year to take up a pair of challenges to a rule issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The agency had required the herring industry to pay for the costs, estimated at $710 per day, associated with carrying observers on board their vessels to collect data about their catches and monitor for overfishing.

The agency stopped the monitoring in 2023 because of a lack of funding. While the program was in effect, the agency reimbursed fishermen for the costs of the observers.

After two federal courts of appeals rebuffed challenges to the rules, two sets of commercial fishing companies came to the Supreme Court, asking the justices to weigh in.

The justices took up their appeals, agreeing to address only the Chevron question in Relentless v. Department of Commerce and Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo . (Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson dissented in the Relentless case but was recused from the Loper-Bright case, presumably because she had heard oral argument in the case while she was still a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.)

Chevron deference, Roberts explained in his opinion for the court on Friday, is inconsistent with the Administrative Procedure Act, a federal law that sets out the procedures that federal agencies must follow as well as instructions for courts to review actions by those agencies. The APA, Roberts noted, directs courts to “decide legal questions by applying their own judgment” and therefore “makes clear that agency interpretations of statutes — like agency interpretations of the Constitution — are not entitled to deference. Under the APA,” Roberts concluded, “it thus remains the responsibility of the court to decide whether the law means what the agency says.”

Roberts rejected any suggestion that agencies, rather than courts, are better suited to determine what ambiguities in a federal law might mean. Even when those ambiguities involve technical or scientific questions that fall within an agency’s area of expertise, Roberts emphasized, “Congress expects courts to handle technical statutory questions” – and courts also have the benefit of briefing from the parties and “friends of the court.”

Moreover, Roberts observed, even if courts should not defer to an agency’s interpretation of an ambiguous statute that it administers, it can consider that interpretation when it falls within the agency’s purview, a doctrine known as Skidmore deference.

Stare decisis – the principle that courts should generally adhere to their past cases – does not provide a reason to uphold the Chevron doctrine, Roberts continued. Roberts characterized the doctrine as “unworkable,” one of the criteria for overruling prior precedent, because it is so difficult to determine whether a statute is indeed ambiguous.

And because of the Supreme Court’s “constant tinkering with” the doctrine, along with its failure to rely on the doctrine in eight years, there is no reason for anyone to rely on Chevron . To the contrary, Roberts suggested, the Chevron doctrine “allows agencies to change course even when Congress has given them no power to do so.”

Roberts indicated that the court’s decision on Friday would not require earlier cases that relied on Chevron to be overturned. “Mere reliance on Chevron cannot constitute a ‘special justification’ for overruling” a decision upholding agency action, “because to say a precedent relied on Chevron is, at best, just an argument that the precedent was wrongly decided” – which is not enough, standing along, to overrule the case.

The Supreme Court is expected to rule on Monday on when the statute of limitations to challenge agency action begins to run. The federal government has argued in that case, Corner Post v. Federal Reserve , that if the challenger prevails, it would open the door for a wide range of “belated challenges to agency regulation.”

Justice Clarence Thomas penned a brief concurring opinion in which he emphasized that the Chevron doctrine was inconsistent not only with the Administrative Procedure Act but also with the Constitution’s division of power among the three branches of government. The Chevron doctrine, he argued, requires judges to give up their constitutional power to exercise their independent judgment, and it allows the executive branch to “exercise powers not given to it.”

Justice Neil Gorsuch filed a longer (33-page) concurring opinion in which he emphasized that “[t]oday, the Court places a tombstone on Chevron no one can miss. In doing so, the Court returns judges to interpretative rules that have guided federal courts since the Nation’s founding.” He sought to downplay the impact of Friday’s ruling, contending that “all today’s decision means is that, going forward, federal courts will do exactly as this Court has since 2016, exactly as it did before the mid-1980s, and exactly as it had done since the founding: resolve cases and controversies without any systemic bias in the government’s favor.”

Kagan, who read a summary of her dissent from the bench, was sharply critical of the decision to overrule the Chevron doctrine. Congress often enacts regulatory laws that contain ambiguities and gaps, she observed, which agencies must then interpret. The question, as she framed it, is “[w]ho decides which of the possible readings” of those laws should prevail?

For 40 years, she stressed, the answer to that question has generally been “the agency’s,” with good reason: Agencies are more likely to have the technical and scientific expertise to make such decisions. She emphasized the deep roots that Chevron has had in the U.S. legal system for decades. “It has been applied in thousands of judicial decisions. It has become part of the warp and woof of modern government, supporting regulatory efforts of all kinds — to name a few, keeping air and water clean, food and drugs safe, and financial markets honest.”

By overruling the Chevron doctrine, Kagan concluded, the court has created a “jolt to the legal system.”

Kagan also pushed back against the majority’s suggestion that overruling the Chevron doctrine would introduce clarity into judicial review of agency interpretations. Noting the majority’s assurances that agency interpretations may be entitled to “respect” going forward, she observed that “[i]f the majority thinks that the same judges who argue today about where ‘ambiguity’ resides are not going to argue tomorrow about what ‘respect’ requires, I fear it will be gravely disappointed.”

Similarly, she questioned the majority’s assertion that Friday’s decision would not call into question decisions that relied on the Chevron doctrine to uphold agency action. “Courts motivated to overrule an old Chevron -based decision can always come up with something to label a ‘special justification,’” she posited. “All a court need do is look to today’s opinion to see how it is done.”

But more broadly, Kagan rebuked her colleagues in the majority for what she characterized as a judicial power grab. She lamented that, by overruling Chevron , the court had, in “one fell swoop,” given “itself exclusive power over every open issue — no matter how expertise-driven or policy-laden — involving the meaning of regulatory law.”

Roman Martinez, who argued the case on behalf of one of the fishing companies, applauded the decision. “By ending  Chevron  deference,” he said in a statement, “the Court has taken a major step to preserve the separation of powers and shut down unlawful agency overreach. Going forward, judges will be charged with interpreting the law faithfully, impartially, and independently, without deference to the government. This is a win for individual liberty and the Constitution,”

But Kym Meyer, the litigation director for the Southern Environmental Law Center, decried the ruling in a statement. “[T]he Supreme Court today says individual judges around the country should decide the best reading of a statute. That is a recipe for chaos, as hundreds of federal judges — who lack the expertise of agency personnel — are certain to reach inconsistent results on the meaning of federal laws as applied to complex, technical issues.”

Friday’s ruling came in one of three cases during the 2023-24 term seeking to curtail the power of federal agencies – a conservative effort sometimes dubbed the “war on the administrative state.” In October, the court heard arguments in a challenge to the constitutionality of the mechanism used to fund the consumer watchdog Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Last month the court upheld the CFPB’s funding by a 7-2 vote. And on Thursday, the justices pared back the power of the Securities and Exchange Commission and other administrative agencies, holding that the SEC cannot continue to use in-house proceedings to impose fines in securities fraud cases.  

The fishermen in both cases were represented at no cost by conservative legal groups, the Cause of Action Institute and the New Civil Liberties Alliance, linked to funding from billionaire and longtime anti-regulation advocate Charles Koch .  

This article was originally published at Howe on the Court . 

Posted in Featured , Merits Cases

Cases: Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo , Relentless, Inc. v. Department of Commerce

Recommended Citation: Amy Howe, Supreme Court strikes down Chevron , curtailing power of federal agencies , SCOTUSblog (Jun. 28, 2024, 12:37 PM), https://www.scotusblog.com/2024/06/supreme-court-strikes-down-chevron-curtailing-power-of-federal-agencies/

Privacy Overview

• Skip to main content
• Skip to search
• Skip to footer

Products and Services

Cisco Industrial IoT solutions

Build resilient industrial networks today to innovate tomorrow.

AI-ready networking solutions to connect, protect, and automate your industrial operations.

Industry-leading solutions to simplify and scale IT for industrial networks

If you care about it, cisco connects it..

Rely on tougher, smarter IT solutions that bring IT and OT together, enhance efficiencies, and pave the way for AI-ready industrial operations.

Get networking designed for OT

Rely on a rock-solid industrial network that handles tough outdoor conditions, supports many industrial control protocols, and works with your legacy devices.

If it's connected, you're protected

Secure your network operations and maintain production uptime with an industrial network that can see everything, all while helping you to block cyberthreats.

Connect anything, anywhere

Get the power of a comprehensive portfolio that's built for operational technology (OT). Choose from fiber, cellular, and wireless connectivity options.

Scale IT for industrial networks

Create agile industrial operations and scale seamlessly with network management and automation technologies that your IT team already knows and loves.

Solutions built for your industry

Make manufacturing smart and secure

Automate your factory networks, secure operations, improve IT-OT collaboration, and unlock the benefits of Industry 4.0.

Build a modern, smarter power grid

Connect substations and field assets, enable renewable energy resources, and boost your power grid's security, reliability, and resilience.

Connect and protect roadways

Easily connect and secure roadside assets to enable advanced Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications, ease congestion, and increase road safety.

Move more through ports and yards

Securely connect your cranes, vehicles, Terminal Operating System (TOS), and port assets to improve throughputs and enable autonomous operations.

Enhance train, trackside, and station operations

Securely scale your connected rail infrastructure to improve operations efficiency and offer innovative passenger services onboard and in stations.

Drive safer and more efficient mining operations

Accelerate mining automation by connecting machines and sensors with wired and wireless networks built for the extreme.

Advanced industrial networks made simple

Deploy modern networks with Cisco Validated Design Guides that are tailored to meet your industry's requirements.

Our Industrial IoT networking portfolio

Industrial Ethernet switches for any use case

Power your industrial networking with switches that are engineered for your industry and your use cases.

Industrial routers for any location

Connect and protect your distributed industrial assets in any environment, and build a modern and secure industrial WAN infrastructure.

Industrial wireless to connect what you need anywhere

Get fast, reliable, and secure connectivity for fixed and mobile assets, no matter how challenging the environment.

Protect your industrial operations from cyberthreats

Get OT security that sees more, scales simply, and unifies detection, investigation, and remediation across IT and OT domains.

Unifying OT security and networking

IoT Breakthrough Awards for integrating OT security with networking

Cisco received the award for Smart Manufacturing Solution of the Year and IoT Security Innovation of the Year in the 2024 IoT Breakthrough Awards. Our smart manufacturing solution unifies networking and security in one architecture to cut costs and complexities, while our IoT security solution's zero-trust network access allows for secure remote access to industrial assets.

​​Get the lowdown

​boost your iiot potential.

​​Uplevel your industrial operations with Cisco’s end-to-end IIoT architecture.​

Hear from our customers

Learn about user successes with Cisco Industrial IoT solutions.

​​Stay current on IIoT topics​

​​Hear from experts about what's happening in the world of IIoT.​

​​Subscribe to the Cisco IIoT newsletter​

​​Get the latest IIoT news and trends, sent straight to your inbox.​

What customers are saying

Flexible manufacturing happens with cisco iiot.

"To increase security, decrease support requirements, and improve flexibility, Audi is developing its Edge Cloud for Production (EC4P) platform. EC4P virtualizes production assets and relies on software-defined networking by Cisco IoT and enterprise solutions that provide a scalable, resilient, secure, and deterministic network."

Henning Loeser, Head of Production Labs

Remote traffic management boosts efficiency and saves time

"One of the benefits of a traffic control center is being able to view things remotely and do remote troubleshooting. There's time savings and efficiency when an engineer can adjust traffic light timings without driving to the location."

Ken Keena, Traffic Management Systems Section Manager

Gwinnett County Department of Transportation

Scaling offshore wind farm production with repeatable Cisco Validated Designs

"The offshore environment is a very unique place with very unique challenges. We need a tried-and-tested network infrastructure that covers all elements of our operations and maintenance and provides a secure way for those elements to communicate. And that's exactly what Cisco developed with us."

Andrew Blair, Lead Telecoms Engineer

ScottishPower Renewables

Talk with our experts

Have your questions answered. Get product recommendations tailored to you. Or book a one-to-one chat with one of our industrial networking experts.