assignment in if

The declaration has the following restrictions:

The decision variable of the declaration is the invented variable e .

If init-statement is used, the if statement is equivalent to

Except that names declared by the init-statement (if init-statement is a declaration) and names declared by condition (if condition is a declaration) are in the same scope, which is also the scope of both statement  s.

[ edit ] Notes

If statement-true or statement-false is not a compound statement, it is treated as if it were:

is the same as

The scope of the name introduced by condition , if it is a declaration, is the combined scope of both statements' bodies:

If statement-true is entered by goto or longjmp , condition is not evaluated and statement-false is not executed.

[ edit ] Keywords

if , else , constexpr , consteval

[ edit ] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

[ edit ] See also

• Todo no example
• Recent changes
• Offline version
• What links here
• Related changes
• Upload file
• Special pages
• Printable version
• Permanent link
• Page information
• In other languages
• This page was last modified on 14 August 2024, at 02:46.
• Privacy policy
• About cppreference.com
• Disclaimers

Learn Python practically and Get Certified .

Popular Tutorials

Popular examples, reference materials, learn python interactively, python introduction.

• Get Started With Python
• Your First Python Program
• Python Comments

Python Fundamentals

• Python Variables and Literals
• Python Type Conversion
• Python Basic Input and Output
• Python Operators

Python Flow Control

• Python if...else Statement
• Python for Loop

Python while Loop

Python break and continue

Python pass Statement

Python Data types

• Python Numbers and Mathematics
• Python List
• Python Tuple
• Python String
• Python Dictionary
• Python Functions
• Python Function Arguments
• Python Variable Scope
• Python Global Keyword
• Python Recursion
• Python Modules
• Python Package
• Python Main function

Python Files

• Python Directory and Files Management
• Python CSV: Read and Write CSV files
• Reading CSV files in Python
• Writing CSV files in Python
• Python Exception Handling
• Python Exceptions
• Python Custom Exceptions

Python Object & Class

• Python Objects and Classes
• Python Inheritance
• Python Multiple Inheritance
• Polymorphism in Python
• Python Operator Overloading

Python Advanced Topics

• List comprehension
• Python Lambda/Anonymous Function
• Python Iterators
• Python Generators
• Python Namespace and Scope
• Python Closures
• Python Decorators
• Python @property decorator
• Python RegEx

Python Date and Time

• Python datetime
• Python strftime()
• Python strptime()
• How to get current date and time in Python?
• Python Get Current Time
• Python timestamp to datetime and vice-versa
• Python time Module
• Python sleep()

Additional Topic

• Precedence and Associativity of Operators in Python
• Python Keywords and Identifiers
• Python Asserts
• Python Json
• Python *args and **kwargs

Python Tutorials

Python Assert Statement

• Python Looping Techniques

In computer programming, the if statement is a conditional statement. It is used to execute a block of code only when a specific condition is met. For example,

Suppose we need to assign different grades to students based on their scores.

• If a student scores above 90 , assign grade A
• If a student scores above 75 , assign grade B
• If a student scores above 65 , assign grade C

These conditional tasks can be achieved using the if statement.

• Python if Statement

An if statement executes a block of code only when the specified condition is met.

Here, condition is a boolean expression, such as number > 5 , that evaluates to either True or False .

• If condition evaluates to True , the body of the if statement is executed.
• If condition evaluates to False , the body of the if statement will be skipped from execution.

Let's look at an example.

• Example: Python if Statement

Sample Output 1

If user enters 10 , the condition number > 0 evaluates to True . Therefore, the body of if is executed.

Sample Output 2

If user enters -2 , the condition number > 0 evaluates to False . Therefore, the body of if is skipped from execution.

Indentation in Python

Python uses indentation to define a block of code, such as the body of an if statement. For example,

Here, the body of if has two statements. We know this because two statements (immediately after if ) start with indentation.

We usually use four spaces for indentation in Python, although any number of spaces works as long as we are consistent.

You will get an error if you write the above code like this:

Here, we haven't used indentation after the if statement. In this case, Python thinks our if statement is empty, which results in an error.

An if statement can have an optional else clause. The else statement executes if the condition in the if statement evaluates to False .

Here, if the condition inside the if statement evaluates to

• True - the body of if executes, and the body of else is skipped.
• False - the body of else executes, and the body of if is skipped

• Example: Python if…else Statement

If user enters 10 , the condition number > 0 evalutes to True . Therefore, the body of if is executed and the body of else is skipped.

If user enters 0 , the condition number > 0 evalutes to False . Therefore, the body of if is skipped and the body of else is executed.

• Python if…elif…else Statement

The if...else statement is used to execute a block of code among two alternatives.

However, if we need to make a choice between more than two alternatives, we use the if...elif...else statement.

• Example: Python if…elif…else Statement

Here, the first condition, number > 0 , evaluates to False . In this scenario, the second condition is checked.

The second condition, number < 0 , evaluates to True . Therefore, the statements inside the elif block is executed.

In the above program, it is important to note that regardless the value of number variable, only one block of code will be executed.

• Python Nested if Statements

It is possible to include an if statement inside another if statement. For example,

Here's how this program works.

More on Python if…else Statement

In certain situations, the if statement can be simplified into a single line. For example,

This code can be compactly written as

This one-liner approach retains the same functionality but in a more concise format.

Python doesn't have a ternary operator. However, we can use if...else to work like a ternary operator in other languages. For example,

can be written as

If needed, we can use logical operators such as and and or to create complex conditions to work with an if statement.

Here, we used the logical operator and to add two conditions in the if statement.

We also used >= (comparison operator) to compare two values.

Logical and comparison operators are often used with if...else statements. Visit Python Operators to learn more.

Table of Contents

• Introduction

Before we wrap up, let’s put your knowledge of Python if else to the test! Can you solve the following challenge?

Write a function to check whether a student passed or failed his/her examination.

• Assume the pass marks to be 50 .
• Return Passed if the student scored more than 50. Otherwise, return Failed .

Video: Python if...else Statement

Sorry about that.

Our premium learning platform, created with over a decade of experience and thousands of feedbacks .

Learn and improve your coding skills like never before.

• Interactive Courses
• Certificates
• 2000+ Challenges

Related Tutorials

Python Tutorial

Conditional Statements in Python

Table of Contents

Introduction to the if Statement

Python: it’s all about the indentation, what do other languages do, which is better, the else and elif clauses, one-line if statements, conditional expressions (python’s ternary operator), the python pass statement.

Watch Now This tutorial has a related video course created by the Real Python team. Watch it together with the written tutorial to deepen your understanding: Conditional Statements in Python (if/elif/else)

From the previous tutorials in this series, you now have quite a bit of Python code under your belt. Everything you have seen so far has consisted of sequential execution , in which statements are always performed one after the next, in exactly the order specified.

But the world is often more complicated than that. Frequently, a program needs to skip over some statements, execute a series of statements repetitively, or choose between alternate sets of statements to execute.

That is where control structures come in. A control structure directs the order of execution of the statements in a program (referred to as the program’s control flow ).

Here’s what you’ll learn in this tutorial: You’ll encounter your first Python control structure, the if statement.

In the real world, we commonly must evaluate information around us and then choose one course of action or another based on what we observe:

If the weather is nice, then I’ll mow the lawn. (It’s implied that if the weather isn’t nice, then I won’t mow the lawn.)

In a Python program, the if statement is how you perform this sort of decision-making. It allows for conditional execution of a statement or group of statements based on the value of an expression.

The outline of this tutorial is as follows:

• First, you’ll get a quick overview of the if statement in its simplest form.
• Next, using the if statement as a model, you’ll see why control structures require some mechanism for grouping statements together into compound statements or blocks . You’ll learn how this is done in Python.
• Lastly, you’ll tie it all together and learn how to write complex decision-making code.

Ready? Here we go!

Take the Quiz: Test your knowledge with our interactive “Python Conditional Statements” quiz. You’ll receive a score upon completion to help you track your learning progress:

Interactive Quiz

Test your understanding of Python conditional statements

We’ll start by looking at the most basic type of if statement. In its simplest form, it looks like this:

In the form shown above:

• <expr> is an expression evaluated in a Boolean context, as discussed in the section on Logical Operators in the Operators and Expressions in Python tutorial.
• <statement> is a valid Python statement, which must be indented. (You will see why very soon.)

If <expr> is true (evaluates to a value that is “truthy”), then <statement> is executed. If <expr> is false, then <statement> is skipped over and not executed.

Note that the colon ( : ) following <expr> is required. Some programming languages require <expr> to be enclosed in parentheses, but Python does not.

Here are several examples of this type of if statement:

Note: If you are trying these examples interactively in a REPL session, you’ll find that, when you hit Enter after typing in the print('yes') statement, nothing happens.

Because this is a multiline statement, you need to hit Enter a second time to tell the interpreter that you’re finished with it. This extra newline is not necessary in code executed from a script file.

Grouping Statements: Indentation and Blocks

So far, so good.

But let’s say you want to evaluate a condition and then do more than one thing if it is true:

If the weather is nice, then I will: Mow the lawn Weed the garden Take the dog for a walk (If the weather isn’t nice, then I won’t do any of these things.)

In all the examples shown above, each if <expr>: has been followed by only a single <statement> . There needs to be some way to say “If <expr> is true, do all of the following things.”

The usual approach taken by most programming languages is to define a syntactic device that groups multiple statements into one compound statement or block . A block is regarded syntactically as a single entity. When it is the target of an if statement, and <expr> is true, then all the statements in the block are executed. If <expr> is false, then none of them are.

Virtually all programming languages provide the capability to define blocks, but they don’t all provide it in the same way. Let’s see how Python does it.

Python follows a convention known as the off-side rule , a term coined by British computer scientist Peter J. Landin. (The term is taken from the offside law in association football.) Languages that adhere to the off-side rule define blocks by indentation. Python is one of a relatively small set of off-side rule languages .

Recall from the previous tutorial on Python program structure that indentation has special significance in a Python program. Now you know why: indentation is used to define compound statements or blocks. In a Python program, contiguous statements that are indented to the same level are considered to be part of the same block.

Thus, a compound if statement in Python looks like this:

Here, all the statements at the matching indentation level (lines 2 to 5) are considered part of the same block. The entire block is executed if <expr> is true, or skipped over if <expr> is false. Either way, execution proceeds with <following_statement> (line 6) afterward.

Notice that there is no token that denotes the end of the block. Rather, the end of the block is indicated by a line that is indented less than the lines of the block itself.

Note: In the Python documentation, a group of statements defined by indentation is often referred to as a suite . This tutorial series uses the terms block and suite interchangeably.

Consider this script file foo.py :

Running foo.py produces this output:

The four print() statements on lines 2 to 5 are indented to the same level as one another. They constitute the block that would be executed if the condition were true. But it is false, so all the statements in the block are skipped. After the end of the compound if statement has been reached (whether the statements in the block on lines 2 to 5 are executed or not), execution proceeds to the first statement having a lesser indentation level: the print() statement on line 6.

Blocks can be nested to arbitrary depth. Each indent defines a new block, and each outdent ends the preceding block. The resulting structure is straightforward, consistent, and intuitive.

Here is a more complicated script file called blocks.py :

The output generated when this script is run is shown below:

Note: In case you have been wondering, the off-side rule is the reason for the necessity of the extra newline when entering multiline statements in a REPL session. The interpreter otherwise has no way to know that the last statement of the block has been entered.

Perhaps you’re curious what the alternatives are. How are blocks defined in languages that don’t adhere to the off-side rule?

The tactic used by most programming languages is to designate special tokens that mark the start and end of a block. For example, in Perl blocks are defined with pairs of curly braces ( {} ) like this:

C/C++, Java , and a whole host of other languages use curly braces in this way.

Other languages, such as Algol and Pascal, use keywords begin and end to enclose blocks.

Better is in the eye of the beholder. On the whole, programmers tend to feel rather strongly about how they do things. Debate about the merits of the off-side rule can run pretty hot.

On the plus side:

• Python’s use of indentation is clean, concise, and consistent.
• In programming languages that do not use the off-side rule, indentation of code is completely independent of block definition and code function. It’s possible to write code that is indented in a manner that does not actually match how the code executes, thus creating a mistaken impression when a person just glances at it. This sort of mistake is virtually impossible to make in Python.
• Use of indentation to define blocks forces you to maintain code formatting standards you probably should be using anyway.

On the negative side:

• Many programmers don’t like to be forced to do things a certain way. They tend to have strong opinions about what looks good and what doesn’t, and they don’t like to be shoehorned into a specific choice.
• Some editors insert a mix of space and tab characters to the left of indented lines, which makes it difficult for the Python interpreter to determine indentation levels. On the other hand, it is frequently possible to configure editors not to do this. It generally isn’t considered desirable to have a mix of tabs and spaces in source code anyhow, no matter the language.

Like it or not, if you’re programming in Python, you’re stuck with the off-side rule. All control structures in Python use it, as you will see in several future tutorials.

For what it’s worth, many programmers who have been used to languages with more traditional means of block definition have initially recoiled at Python’s way but have gotten comfortable with it and have even grown to prefer it.

Now you know how to use an if statement to conditionally execute a single statement or a block of several statements. It’s time to find out what else you can do.

Sometimes, you want to evaluate a condition and take one path if it is true but specify an alternative path if it is not. This is accomplished with an else clause:

If <expr> is true, the first suite is executed, and the second is skipped. If <expr> is false, the first suite is skipped and the second is executed. Either way, execution then resumes after the second suite. Both suites are defined by indentation, as described above.

In this example, x is less than 50 , so the first suite (lines 4 to 5) are executed, and the second suite (lines 7 to 8) are skipped:

Here, on the other hand, x is greater than 50 , so the first suite is passed over, and the second suite executed:

There is also syntax for branching execution based on several alternatives. For this, use one or more elif (short for else if ) clauses. Python evaluates each <expr> in turn and executes the suite corresponding to the first that is true. If none of the expressions are true, and an else clause is specified, then its suite is executed:

An arbitrary number of elif clauses can be specified. The else clause is optional. If it is present, there can be only one, and it must be specified last:

At most, one of the code blocks specified will be executed. If an else clause isn’t included, and all the conditions are false, then none of the blocks will be executed.

Note: Using a lengthy if / elif / else series can be a little inelegant, especially when the actions are simple statements like print() . In many cases, there may be a more Pythonic way to accomplish the same thing.

Here’s one possible alternative to the example above using the dict.get() method:

Recall from the tutorial on Python dictionaries that the dict.get() method searches a dictionary for the specified key and returns the associated value if it is found, or the given default value if it isn’t.

An if statement with elif clauses uses short-circuit evaluation, analogous to what you saw with the and and or operators. Once one of the expressions is found to be true and its block is executed, none of the remaining expressions are tested. This is demonstrated below:

The second expression contains a division by zero, and the third references an undefined variable var . Either would raise an error, but neither is evaluated because the first condition specified is true.

It is customary to write if <expr> on one line and <statement> indented on the following line like this:

But it is permissible to write an entire if statement on one line. The following is functionally equivalent to the example above:

There can even be more than one <statement> on the same line, separated by semicolons:

But what does this mean? There are two possible interpretations:

If <expr> is true, execute <statement_1> .

Then, execute <statement_2> ... <statement_n> unconditionally, irrespective of whether <expr> is true or not.

If <expr> is true, execute all of <statement_1> ... <statement_n> . Otherwise, don’t execute any of them.

Python takes the latter interpretation. The semicolon separating the <statements> has higher precedence than the colon following <expr> —in computer lingo, the semicolon is said to bind more tightly than the colon. Thus, the <statements> are treated as a suite, and either all of them are executed, or none of them are:

Multiple statements may be specified on the same line as an elif or else clause as well:

While all of this works, and the interpreter allows it, it is generally discouraged on the grounds that it leads to poor readability, particularly for complex if statements. PEP 8 specifically recommends against it.

As usual, it is somewhat a matter of taste. Most people would find the following more visually appealing and easier to understand at first glance than the example above:

If an if statement is simple enough, though, putting it all on one line may be reasonable. Something like this probably wouldn’t raise anyone’s hackles too much:

Python supports one additional decision-making entity called a conditional expression. (It is also referred to as a conditional operator or ternary operator in various places in the Python documentation.) Conditional expressions were proposed for addition to the language in PEP 308 and green-lighted by Guido in 2005.

In its simplest form, the syntax of the conditional expression is as follows:

This is different from the if statement forms listed above because it is not a control structure that directs the flow of program execution. It acts more like an operator that defines an expression. In the above example, <conditional_expr> is evaluated first. If it is true, the expression evaluates to <expr1> . If it is false, the expression evaluates to <expr2> .

Notice the non-obvious order: the middle expression is evaluated first, and based on that result, one of the expressions on the ends is returned. Here are some examples that will hopefully help clarify:

Note: Python’s conditional expression is similar to the <conditional_expr> ? <expr1> : <expr2> syntax used by many other languages—C, Perl and Java to name a few. In fact, the ?: operator is commonly called the ternary operator in those languages, which is probably the reason Python’s conditional expression is sometimes referred to as the Python ternary operator.

You can see in PEP 308 that the <conditional_expr> ? <expr1> : <expr2> syntax was considered for Python but ultimately rejected in favor of the syntax shown above.

A common use of the conditional expression is to select variable assignment. For example, suppose you want to find the larger of two numbers. Of course, there is a built-in function, max() , that does just this (and more) that you could use. But suppose you want to write your own code from scratch.

You could use a standard if statement with an else clause:

But a conditional expression is shorter and arguably more readable as well:

Remember that the conditional expression behaves like an expression syntactically. It can be used as part of a longer expression. The conditional expression has lower precedence than virtually all the other operators, so parentheses are needed to group it by itself.

In the following example, the + operator binds more tightly than the conditional expression, so 1 + x and y + 2 are evaluated first, followed by the conditional expression. The parentheses in the second case are unnecessary and do not change the result:

If you want the conditional expression to be evaluated first, you need to surround it with grouping parentheses. In the next example, (x if x > y else y) is evaluated first. The result is y , which is 40 , so z is assigned 1 + 40 + 2 = 43 :

If you are using a conditional expression as part of a larger expression, it probably is a good idea to use grouping parentheses for clarification even if they are not needed.

Conditional expressions also use short-circuit evaluation like compound logical expressions. Portions of a conditional expression are not evaluated if they don’t need to be.

In the expression <expr1> if <conditional_expr> else <expr2> :

• If <conditional_expr> is true, <expr1> is returned and <expr2> is not evaluated.
• If <conditional_expr> is false, <expr2> is returned and <expr1> is not evaluated.

As before, you can verify this by using terms that would raise an error:

In both cases, the 1/0 terms are not evaluated, so no exception is raised.

Conditional expressions can also be chained together, as a sort of alternative if / elif / else structure, as shown here:

It’s not clear that this has any significant advantage over the corresponding if / elif / else statement, but it is syntactically correct Python.

Occasionally, you may find that you want to write what is called a code stub: a placeholder for where you will eventually put a block of code that you haven’t implemented yet.

In languages where token delimiters are used to define blocks, like the curly braces in Perl and C, empty delimiters can be used to define a code stub. For example, the following is legitimate Perl or C code:

Here, the empty curly braces define an empty block. Perl or C will evaluate the expression x , and then even if it is true, quietly do nothing.

Because Python uses indentation instead of delimiters, it is not possible to specify an empty block. If you introduce an if statement with if <expr>: , something has to come after it, either on the same line or indented on the following line.

Consider this script foo.py :

If you try to run foo.py , you’ll get this:

The Python pass statement solves this problem. It doesn’t change program behavior at all. It is used as a placeholder to keep the interpreter happy in any situation where a statement is syntactically required, but you don’t really want to do anything:

Now foo.py runs without error:

With the completion of this tutorial, you are beginning to write Python code that goes beyond simple sequential execution:

• You were introduced to the concept of control structures . These are compound statements that alter program control flow —the order of execution of program statements.
• You learned how to group individual statements together into a block or suite .
• You encountered your first control structure, the if statement, which makes it possible to conditionally execute a statement or block based on evaluation of program data.

All of these concepts are crucial to developing more complex Python code.

The next two tutorials will present two new control structures: the while statement and the for statement. These structures facilitate iteration , execution of a statement or block of statements repeatedly.

🐍 Python Tricks 💌

Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. No spam ever. Unsubscribe any time. Curated by the Real Python team.

About John Sturtz

John is an avid Pythonista and a member of the Real Python tutorial team.

Each tutorial at Real Python is created by a team of developers so that it meets our high quality standards. The team members who worked on this tutorial are:

Master Real-World Python Skills With Unlimited Access to Real Python

Join us and get access to thousands of tutorials, hands-on video courses, and a community of expert Pythonistas:

Join us and get access to thousands of tutorials, hands-on video courses, and a community of expert Pythonistas:

What Do You Think?

What’s your #1 takeaway or favorite thing you learned? How are you going to put your newfound skills to use? Leave a comment below and let us know.

Commenting Tips: The most useful comments are those written with the goal of learning from or helping out other students. Get tips for asking good questions and get answers to common questions in our support portal . Looking for a real-time conversation? Visit the Real Python Community Chat or join the next “Office Hours” Live Q&A Session . Happy Pythoning!

Keep Learning

Related Topics: basics python

Recommended Video Course: Conditional Statements in Python (if/elif/else)

Keep reading Real Python by creating a free account or signing in:

Already have an account? Sign-In

• Subscription

Tutorial: Using If Statements in Python

Our life is full of conditions even if we don’t notice them most of the time. Let’s look at a few examples:

If tomorrow it doesn't rain, I’ll go out with my friends in the park. Otherwise, I’ll stay home with a cup of hot tea and watch TV.

If tomorrow it isn't too hot, I’ll go to the sea, but if it is, I’ll have a walk in the forest. However, if it rains, I’ll stay home.

You get the idea. Let’s see how conditions work in computers. You may already know that programs in Python are executed line by line. However, sometimes, we need to skip some code and execute only some of it only if certain conditions are met. This is where control structures become useful. Conditional statements in Python are built on these control structures. They will guide the computer in the execution of a program.

In this tutorial, you'll learn how to use conditional statements. This guide is for beginners in Python, but you'll need to know some basics of coding in Python. If you don’t, then check this free Python Fundamentals course .

Basic if Statement

In Python, if statements are a starting point to implement a condition. Let’s look at the simplest example:

When <condition> is evaluated by Python, it’ll become either True or False (Booleans). Thus, if the condition is True (i.e, it is met), the <expression> will be executed, but if <condition> is False (i.e., it is not met), the <expression> won’t be executed.

We are pretty free to decide what conditions and expressions can be because Python is very flexible.

Let’s look at a concrete example.

First of all, we define two variables, x and y . Then we say that if variable x is smaller than variable y , print out x is smaller than y ). Indeed, if we execute this code, we’ll print out this output because 3 is smaller than 10.

Output: x is smaller than y.

Let’s look at a more complex example.

In this case, if the condition is met, then a value of 13 will be assigned to the variable z . Then Variable z is now 13. will be printed out (note that the print statement can be used both outside and inside the if statement).

As you can see, we aren't restrained in the choice of an expression to execute. You can now practice more by writing more complex code.

Let’s know see what happens if we execute the following code:

Here we changed the direction of the comparison symbol (it was less than , and now it’s greater than ). Can you guess the output?

There will be no output! This happened because the condition hadn't been met. 3 is not greater than 10, so the condition evaluated to False , and the expression wasn’t executed. How do we solve this problem? With the else statement.

else Statement

What if we want to execute some code if the condition isn't met? We add an else statement below the if statement. Let’s look at an example.

Here, Python first executes the if condition and checks if it’s True . Since 3 is not greater than 10, the condition isn't met, so we don’t print out “x is greater than y.” Then we say that in all other cases we should execute the code under the else statement: x is smaller than y.

Let’s get back to our first example of a conditional statement:

Here the else statement is “Otherwise.”

What happens if the condition is met?

In this case, Python just prints out the first sentence as before.

What if x is equal to y ?

The output is clearly wrong because 3 is equal to 3! We have another condition outside the greater or less than comparison symbols; thus, we have to use the elif statement.

elif Statement

Let’s rewrite the above example and add an elif statement.

Output: x is equal to y .

Python first checks if the condition x < y is met. It isn't, so it goes on to the second condition, which in Python, we write as elif , which is short for else if . If the first condition isn't met, check the second condition, and if it’s met, execute the expression. Else, do something else. The output is “x is equal to y.”

Let’s now get back to one of our first examples of conditional statements:

Here, our first condition is that tomorrow it’s not too hot ( if statement). If this condition isn't met, then we go for a walk in the forest ( elif statement). Finally, if neither condition is met, we’ll stay home ( else statement).

Now let’s translate this sentence into Python.

In this example, we're going to use strings instead of integers to demonstrate the flexibility of the if condition in Python.

Python first checks if the variable tomorrow is equal to “warm” and if it is, then it prints out I'll go to the sea. and stops the execution. What happens if the first condition isn't met?

In this case, Python evaluates the first condition to False and goes to the second condition. This condition is True , so it prints out I'll go to the forest. and stops the execution.

If neither of the two conditions is met, then it’ll print out I’ll stay home.

Of course, you can use whatever number of elif statements you want. Let’s add more conditions and also change what is printed out under the else statement to Weather not recognized. (for example, if tomorrow is “f”, we don’t know what it means).

Guess what’s printed out?

Multiple Conditions

Let’s now add some complexity. What if we want to meet multiple conditions in one if statement?

Let’s say we want to predict a biome (i.e., desert or tropical forest) based on two climate measurements: temperature and humidity. For example, if it’s hot and dry, then it’s a hot desert, but if it’s cold and dry, then it’s an arctic desert. You can see that we cannot classify these two biomes based only on their humidity (they are both dry) so we also have to add the temperature measure.

In Python, we can use logical operators (i.e., and, or) to use multiple conditions in the same if statement.

Look at the code below.

The output will be It's a hot desert. because only when humidity is low and temperature is high, the combined condition is True . It’s not sufficient to have only one of the conditions to be True .

Formally, Python checks if the first condition of humidity is True (indeed, it is), then it checks if the second condition of temperature is True (and it is) and only in this case the combined condition is True . If at least one of these conditions isn't met, then the combined condition evaluates to False .

What if we want either of two (or more) conditions is met? In this case we should use the or logical operator.

Let’s look at an example. Say you have a list of numbers from 1 to 14 (inclusive), and you want to extract all the numbers that are smaller than 3 or greater or equal to 10. You can achieve the result using an or operator!

Output: [1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]

Here Python checks whether the current number in the for loop is less than 3, and if it’s True , then the combined if statement evaluates to True . The same happens if the current number is equal to or greater than 10. If the combined if statement is True , then the expression is executed and the current number is appended to the list nums_less_3_greater_equal_10 .

For the sake of experiment, let’s change or to and .

In this case, the current number should be simultaneously smaller than 3 and greater or equal to 10, which is clearly not possible so the combined if statement evaluates to False and the expression isn't executed.

To make things even more clear, look at this print statement.

Output: True

Here Python evaluates the combination of False and True , and since we have the or logical operator, it’s sufficient that at least one of these Booleans is True to evaluate the combined statement to True .

Now, what happens if we change or to and ?

Output: False

Both Booleans should be True to evaluate the combined condition to True . Since one of them is False , the combined condition is also False . This is what happens in the example with numbers.

You can even combine multiple logical operators in one expression. Let’s use the same list of numbers, but now, we want to find all the numbers that are either smaller than 3 or greater or equal to 10 and simultaneously are even numbers.

Output: [2, 10, 12, 14]

Why is the first number of the output 2? In the second for loop, 2 is evaluated in the first condition in parentheses. It is smaller than 3, so the combined condition in parentheses is True . 2 is also divisible by 2 with the remainder 0, so the second condition is also True . Both conditions are True , so this number is appended to the list.

Why do we use parentheses? It’s because of the operator precedence in Python. What if we remove them?

Output: [1, 2, 10, 12, 14]

We have 1 in the list! In Python, all operators are evaluated in a precise order. For example, the and operator takes precedence over the or operator. But if we place the or operator in parentheses, it’ll take precedence over the and operator.

First we evaluate the conditions on both sides of the and operator (it has precedence). 1 is neither greater than 10 nor yields 0 if divided by 2, so the combined condition is False . We are left with the condition if num < 3 or False . 1 is smaller than 3, so the first condition is True . The condition becomes True or False . We have an or operator, so the combined condition evaluates to True , and 1 is appended to the list. Practice by checking what happens with the other numbers.

Finally, have a look at this truth table to understand how logical operators work. Here, we will describe only the and and or logical operators, but in Python, we also have the not operator. We invite you to learn more about it and practice using it inside if statements.

We have two inputs, A and B, that can be either True or False . For example, in the second row, A is True , while B is False ; thus, A AND B evaluate to False but A OR B evaluate to True . The rest of the table is read in the same way. Take a minute to understand what it tells you.

Nested if Statements

Python is a very flexible programming language, and it allows you to use if statements inside other if statements, so called nested if statements . Let’s look at an example.

Output: Well done!

Here, if the mark is between 60 and 100, the expression under the if statement is executed. But then we have other conditions that are also evaluated. So, our mark is 85, which is between 60 and 100. However, 85 is smaller than 90, so the first nested if condition is False , and the first nested expression isn't executed. But 85 is higher than 80, so the second expression is executed and “Well done!” is printed out.

Of course, we also have elif statements outside the expression below the first if statement. For example, what if the mark is higher than 100? If the first condition (number between 60 and 100) is False , then we go directly to the elif statement mark > 100 and print out This mark is too low. .

Try to assign different numbers to the mark variable to understand the logic of this code.

Pattern Matching in Python 3.10

The pattern matching was added in Python 3.10, released in October, 2021. In short, it can be seen a different syntax for if..elif statements. Let's look at an example by rewrting a previous example using the pattern matching.

We can see similarities between using the if..elif statements and the match..case syntax. First, we define what variable we want to match , and when we define the cases (or values this variable can take). The rest of the code is similar. If a case is matched (that's equivalent of a double equal sign), then the print expression is executed.

Note the last case statement, it's the _ case, which is equivalent to else : if no cases are matched, then we print Weather not recognized .

pass Statement

As you start writing more complex code, you may find yourself in the situation where you have to use a placeholder instead of the code you want to implement later. The pass statement is this placeholder. Let’s look at an example with and without the pass statement.

Python expects some code under the if statement, but you are yet to implement it! You can write pass there and solve this problem.

Output: I'll write this code later.

If instead you place pass in the if statement, Python won’t throw any error and will pass to any code you have below the if statement. This works even if you have other conditions below the first if statement.

Output: The variable num is 4.

Conclusions

In Python, if statements are used all the time, and you’ll find yourself using them in basically any project or script you're building, so it's essential to understand the logic behind them. In this article, we’ve covered the most important aspects of if conditions in Python:

• Creating basic if statements
• Adding complexity by using else and elif statements
• Combining multiple conditions in one if statement using logical operators ( or , and )
• Using nested if statements
• Using pass statements as placeholders

With this knowledge, you can now start working with conditional statements in Python.

Feel free to connect with me on LinkedIn and GitHub . Happy coding!

More learning resources

Python cheat sheet for data science: basics, how to read an excel file in python (w/ 21 code examples).

Learn data skills 10x faster

Join 1M+ learners

Enroll for free

• Data Analyst (Python)
• Gen AI (Python)
• Business Analyst (Power BI)
• Business Analyst (Tableau)
• Machine Learning
• Data Analyst (R)

• Skip to main content
• Select language
• Skip to search

Assignment within the conditional expression

The if statement executes a statement if a specified condition is truthy. If the condition is falsy, another statement can be executed.

Description

Multiple if...else statements can be nested to create an else if clause. Note that there is no elseif (in one word) keyword in JavaScript.

To see how this works, this is how it would look like if the nesting were properly indented:

To execute multiple statements within a clause, use a block statement ( { ... } ) to group those statements. In general, it is a good practice to always use block statements, especially in code involving nested if statements:

Do not confuse the primitive boolean values true and false with truthiness or falsiness of the Boolean object. Any value that is not undefined , null , 0 , NaN , or the empty string ( "" ), and any object, including a Boolean object whose value is false, is considered truthy when used as the condition. For example:

Using if...else

Using else if.

Note that there is no elseif syntax in JavaScript. However, you can write it with a space between else and if :

It is advisable to not use simple assignments in a conditional expression, because the assignment can be confused with equality when glancing over the code. For example, do not use the following code:

If you need to use an assignment in a conditional expression, a common practice is to put additional parentheses around the assignment. For example:

Specifications

Browser compatibility

• conditional operator

Document Tags and Contributors

• JavaScript basics
• JavaScript first steps
• JavaScript building blocks
• Introducing JavaScript objects
• Introduction
• Grammar and types
• Control flow and error handling
• Loops and iteration
• Expressions and operators
• Numbers and dates
• Text formatting
• Regular expressions
• Indexed collections
• Keyed collections
• Working with objects
• Details of the object model
• Iterators and generators
• Meta programming
• A re-introduction to JavaScript
• JavaScript data structures
• Equality comparisons and sameness
• Inheritance and the prototype chain
• Strict mode
• JavaScript typed arrays
• Memory Management
• Concurrency model and Event Loop
• References:
• ArrayBuffer
• AsyncFunction
• Float32Array
• Float64Array
• GeneratorFunction
• InternalError
• Intl.Collator
• Intl.DateTimeFormat
• Intl.NumberFormat
• ParallelArray
• ReferenceError
• SIMD.Bool16x8
• SIMD.Bool32x4
• SIMD.Bool64x2
• SIMD.Bool8x16
• SIMD.Float32x4
• SIMD.Float64x2
• SIMD.Int16x8
• SIMD.Int32x4
• SIMD.Int8x16
• SIMD.Uint16x8
• SIMD.Uint32x4
• SIMD.Uint8x16
• SharedArrayBuffer
• StopIteration
• SyntaxError
• Uint16Array
• Uint32Array
• Uint8ClampedArray
• WebAssembly
• decodeURI()
• decodeURIComponent()
• encodeURI()
• encodeURIComponent()
• parseFloat()
• Arithmetic operators
• Array comprehensions
• Assignment operators
• Bitwise operators
• Comma operator
• Comparison operators
• Conditional (ternary) Operator
• Destructuring assignment
• Expression closures
• Generator comprehensions
• Grouping operator
• Legacy generator function expression
• Logical Operators
• Object initializer
• Operator precedence
• Property accessors
• Spread syntax
• async function expression
• class expression
• delete operator
• function expression
• function* expression
• in operator
• new operator
• void operator
• Legacy generator function
• async function
• for each...in
• function declaration
• try...catch
• Arguments object
• Arrow functions
• Default parameters
• Method definitions
• Rest parameters
• constructor
• element loaded from a different domain for which you violated the same-origin policy.">Error: Permission denied to access property "x"
• InternalError: too much recursion
• RangeError: argument is not a valid code point
• RangeError: invalid array length
• RangeError: invalid date
• RangeError: precision is out of range
• RangeError: radix must be an integer
• RangeError: repeat count must be less than infinity
• RangeError: repeat count must be non-negative
• ReferenceError: "x" is not defined
• ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x"
• ReferenceError: deprecated caller or arguments usage
• ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side
• ReferenceError: reference to undefined property "x"
• SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals and octal escape seq. are deprecated
• SyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters
• SyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifier
• SyntaxError: JSON.parse: bad parsing
• SyntaxError: Malformed formal parameter
• SyntaxError: Unexpected token
• SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Use //# instead
• SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer
• SyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecated
• SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers
• SyntaxError: function statement requires a name
• SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal
• SyntaxError: illegal character
• SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x"
• SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list
• SyntaxError: missing ) after condition
• SyntaxError: missing : after property id
• SyntaxError: missing ; before statement
• SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration
• SyntaxError: missing ] after element list
• SyntaxError: missing formal parameter
• SyntaxError: missing name after . operator
• SyntaxError: missing variable name
• SyntaxError: missing } after function body
• SyntaxError: missing } after property list
• SyntaxError: redeclaration of formal parameter "x"
• SyntaxError: return not in function
• SyntaxError: test for equality (==) mistyped as assignment (=)?
• SyntaxError: unterminated string literal
• TypeError: "x" has no properties
• TypeError: "x" is (not) "y"
• TypeError: "x" is not a constructor
• TypeError: "x" is not a function
• TypeError: "x" is not a non-null object
• TypeError: "x" is read-only
• TypeError: More arguments needed
• TypeError: can't access dead object
• TypeError: can't define property "x": "obj" is not extensible
• TypeError: can't delete non-configurable array element
• TypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x"
• TypeError: cyclic object value
• TypeError: invalid 'in' operand "x"
• TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argument
• TypeError: invalid arguments
• TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"
• TypeError: property "x" is non-configurable and can't be deleted
• TypeError: setting getter-only property "x"
• TypeError: variable "x" redeclares argument
• URIError: malformed URI sequence
• Warning: -file- is being assigned a //# sourceMappingURL, but already has one
• Warning: 08/09 is not a legal ECMA-262 octal constant
• Warning: Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat is deprecated
• Warning: JavaScript 1.6's for-each-in loops are deprecated
• Warning: String.x is deprecated; use String.prototype.x instead
• Warning: expression closures are deprecated
• Warning: unreachable code after return statement
• JavaScript technologies overview
• Lexical grammar
• Enumerability and ownership of properties
• Iteration protocols
• Transitioning to strict mode
• Template literals
• Deprecated features
• ECMAScript 2015 support in Mozilla
• ECMAScript 5 support in Mozilla
• ECMAScript Next support in Mozilla
• Firefox JavaScript changelog
• New in JavaScript 1.1
• New in JavaScript 1.2
• New in JavaScript 1.3
• New in JavaScript 1.4
• New in JavaScript 1.5
• New in JavaScript 1.6
• New in JavaScript 1.7
• New in JavaScript 1.8
• New in JavaScript 1.8.1
• New in JavaScript 1.8.5
• Documentation:
• All pages index
• Methods index
• Properties index
• Pages tagged "JavaScript"
• JavaScript doc status
• The MDN project

Steve Lorimer

Notes on C++, Linux and other topics

C++17 If statement with initializer

Introduced under proposal P00305r0 , If statement with initializer give us the ability to initialize a variable within an if statement, and then, once initialized, perform the actual conditional check.

If statements

When inserting into a map, if you want to check whether the element was inserted into the map or not, you need to perform the insertion, capture the return value, and then check for successful insertion

Build and run:

There are 2 annoyances with this code (albeit fairly minor).

It is more verbose; we have to create the ret variable which we want to check for successful insertion, and then, only once the variable has been created, can we then perform the actual check.

Slightly more insidious, the ret variable “leaks” into the surrounding scope. Note for the 2nd insertion we have to call the result variable ret2 , because ret already exists.

It is quite easy to fix the 2nd annoyance by putting each conditional check into its own scope. This, however, comes at the cost of making the code even more verbose, and results in these floating braces with no preceding statement.

With the introduction of if statement with initializer , we can now create the variable inside the if statement.

This makes the code more succint and doesn’t leak the variable into the surrounding scope.

std::unique_lock

Following comments on reddit by /u/holywhateverbatman , a perhaps more illustrative example would be the situation where you attempt to obtain a lock, but need to do something else if it is not currently available.

Here we attempt to lock a std::mutex with a std::unique_lock , specifying we should only try_to_lock .

We can initialize the std::unique_lock from within the if statement that then checks whether we were able to lock the mutex or not.

A slightly more contrived example showing the mutex being unavailable:

Combining with structured bindings

The usefulness of if with initializer becomes more apparent when combined with structured bindings .

In the following example we use structured bindings to unwrap the std::pair return value of std::map::insert into two separate variables, it (the iterator) and inserted (a boolean indicating whether the insert succeeded).

We can then check whether the insert succeeded in the if statement by checking inserted .

Switch statements

Similar annoyances exist with switch statements. The code is more verbose as the variable has to be initialized first, and then only can the switch occur. Similarly, the variable leaks into the surrounding scope.

As with if statements, we can now create the variable inside the switch statement.

Note now that we can initialize res inside the switch statement, and then perform the switch.

Stack Exchange Network

Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

Verilog Non-Blocking And IF-Statement

I'm trying to understand how non-blocking statements interact with certain procedural statements in Verilog.

If I have the following block of code inside a module

I understand that hardware description languages are not like procedural languages, and therefore it is a good idea to get out of the habit of thinking about them as if they were, but atm I am just trying to wrap my head around some of Verilog's behavioral constructs to make programming in it easier. With that said, here's my question

Will Verilog evaluate the right side of clk_counter <= clk_counter + 1; and then enter the if(clk_counter == divider) loop and use clk_counter 's old original value (i.e., not clk_counter + 1 ) to evaluate the conditional statement?

Edit: My extraordinarily underdeveloped understanding of Verilog is showing. As was pointed out, the compiler isn't going to actually evaluate the conditional. I am aware of this. What I meant in asking my question was: can I assume that Verilog will build a circuit that will behaviorally mimic what we would consider to be an evaluation of the righthand side of clk_counter <= clk_counter + 1; and use ```clk_counter `` 's old value (i.e., that stored in the flip flop) when evaluating the conditional. I am not experienced enough with the language to imagine what this circuit might look like because I am still working out in my mind how Verilog's behavioral constructs interact with each other.

• \$\begingroup\$ It will never equal the parameter divider. 4 bits isn't enough to represent the number 123. \$\endgroup\$ –  IanJ Commented Feb 11, 2021 at 2:03
• \$\begingroup\$ @IanJ Sorry, yes, ignore that, I should've been a little more discerning when writing out this code, I just wanted a simple example. You can assume that branch would eventually serve a purpose. \$\endgroup\$ –  Harry Commented Feb 11, 2021 at 3:26

3 Answers 3

Yes, you are right. It will use the old value when evaluating the conditional. All the statements are evaluated in order, but none of the assignment take place until after the clock "ticks". So the last assignment will "win" if there are multiple assignments to the same register.

Your reasoning is correct. Non-blocking statements in Verilog work in the following fashion:

The expressions on the right-hand side get evaluated sequentially but they do not get assigned immediately. The assignment takes place at the end of the time step. In your example, clk_counter + 1 is evaluated but not assigned to clk_counter right away. The value of clk_counter before entering the block is used for evaluating all the expressions (assuming only non-blocking statements).

Why does Verilog do this? To prevent ambiguity.

Consider a case in which the same variable is being updated in 2 different procedural blocks using blocking assignments. Both the blocks start at the same time. Which assignment takes place first? This is crucial because the expressions following this will use this value. It'd probably be up to the simulator to decide which expression to assign first. In case of non-blocking assignments, all the expressions are evaluated in parallel without any ambiguity since all the assignments take place at the end of the time step.

As for the circuit, you can think of clk_counter and divider being fed to a comparator whose output will act as a select signal to a multiplexer which chooses the data value to be fed to the clk_counter register.

As others have said clk_counter will be updated at the rising edge of the clock.

In your example code, you have created a 13-state counter (0 through 12).

When you synthesize code, blocking and non-blocking yield the same circuitry (in a sequential block). But, in simulation, they behave differently.

Your example, in simulation, if blocking assignments are used for clk_counter, it would end up being a 12-state counter. (When clk_counter is 11 entering the main body, it would get incremented to 12, then immediately set to 0.

Generally it is recommended to only use non-blocking assignments in sequential blocks. (so that synthesized and simulated behavior are consistent).

An alternative way to write the meat of your loop is below. This eliminates any ambiguity as to which assignment takes precedence since there is no perceived conflict.

Your Answer

Sign up or log in, post as a guest.

Required, but never shown

By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge you have read our privacy policy .

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged verilog or ask your own question .

• The Overflow Blog
• Where does Postgres fit in a world of GenAI and vector databases?
• Mobile Observability: monitoring performance through cracked screens, old...
• Featured on Meta
• Announcing a change to the data-dump process
• Bringing clarity to status tag usage on meta sites

Hot Network Questions

• Has a tire ever exploded inside the Wheel Well?
• Background for the Elkies-Klagsbrun curve of rank 29
• How do eradicated diseases make a comeback?
• Why was this lighting fixture smoking? What do I do about it?
• Can you use 'sollen' the same way as 'should' in sentences about possibility that something happens?
• Stuck on Sokoban
• What are the 270 mitzvot relevant today?
• How does the summoned monster know who is my enemy?
• Can I endow the following 3-manifold with a hyperbolic metric?
• What are some refutations to the etymological fallacy?
• Where does the energy in ion propulsion come from?
• Is the spectrum of Hawking radiation identical to that of thermal radiation?
• Why does average of Monte Carlo simulations not hold for simple problem?
• How can I typeset \sim-like arrow?
• Is this screw inside a 2-prong receptacle a possible ground?
• Maximizing the common value of both sides of an equation
• Writing an i with a line over it instead of an i with a dot and a line over it
• Who is the referent of "him" in Genesis 18:2?
• magnetic boots inverted
• What is this device in my ceiling making out of battery chirps?
• How to create a grid of numbers 25x25 from 1 to 625 in geometry node?
• Can we make a true \phantom?
• ESTA is not letting me pay
• Journal keeps messing with my proof

Extra Clang Tools 20.0.0git documentation

Clang-tidy - bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition.

«   bugprone-assert-side-effect   ::   Contents   ::   bugprone-bad-signal-to-kill-thread   »

bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition ¶

Finds assignments within conditions of if statements. Such assignments are bug-prone because they may have been intended as equality tests.

This check finds all assignments within if conditions, including ones that are not flagged by -Wparentheses due to an extra set of parentheses, and including assignments that call an overloaded operator=() . The identified assignments violate BARR group “Rule 8.2.c” .

no-cond-assign

Disallow assignment operators in conditional expressions

Using the recommended config from @eslint/js in a configuration file enables this rule

In conditional statements, it is very easy to mistype a comparison operator (such as == ) as an assignment operator (such as = ). For example:

There are valid reasons to use assignment operators in conditional statements. However, it can be difficult to tell whether a specific assignment was intentional.

Rule Details

This rule disallows ambiguous assignment operators in test conditions of if , for , while , and do...while statements.

This rule has a string option:

• "except-parens" (default) allows assignments in test conditions only if they are enclosed in parentheses (for example, to allow reassigning a variable in the test of a while or do...while loop)
• "always" disallows all assignments in test conditions

except-parens

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "except-parens" option:

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "except-parens" option:

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always" option:

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always" option:

Related Rules

• no-extra-parens

This rule was introduced in ESLint v0.0.9.

• Rule source
• Tests source

• Election 2024
• Entertainment
• Newsletters
• Photography
• AP Buyline Personal Finance
• AP Buyline Shopping
• Press Releases
• Israel-Hamas War
• Russia-Ukraine War
• Global elections
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East
• Election results
• Google trends
• AP & Elections
• U.S. Open Tennis
• Paralympic Games
• College football
• Auto Racing
• Movie reviews
• Book reviews
• Financial Markets
• Business Highlights
• Financial wellness
• Artificial Intelligence
• Social Media

Johnny Cueto designated for assignment by Angels after pair of rough starts

Los Angeles Angels starting pitcher Johnny Cueto sits in the dugout after being relieved during the sixth inning of a baseball game against the Detroit Tigers, Tuesday, Aug. 27, 2024, in Detroit. (AP Photo/Carlos Osorio)

Los Angeles Angels starting pitcher Johnny Cueto throws during the first inning of a baseball game against the Detroit Tigers, Tuesday, Aug. 27, 2024, in Detroit. (AP Photo/Carlos Osorio)

• Copy Link copied

ANAHEIM, Calif. (AP) — Pitcher Johnny Cueto was designated for assignment by the Los Angeles Angels on Friday after two rough outings.

The 38-year-old right-hander gave up nine runs in 11 1/3 innings in his two starts for the Angels, both losses. He allowed six runs in five innings in Tuesday night’s 6-2 loss at Detroit, with three of the six hits being home runs.

Even though Cueto’s time with the big league club was short, manager Ron Washington said Cueto’s experience benefitted the younger members of the pitching staff.

“He had a tremendous influence on them with his work ethic, how they do bullpens and that type of stuff. He was willing to give up his wisdom and knowledge,” Washington said before Friday night’s game against the Seattle Mariners. “It was hard, but we are at that point of the year where changes happen.”

Cueto signed a minor league deal with the Angels on July 24 after being released earlier in the month by the Texas Rangers. He was 3-0 in four starts at Triple-A Salt Lake City before being called up on Aug. 21.

The Angels are the sixth team for Cueto, who is 144-113 with a 3.52 ERA in 370 major league games. His career began with Cincinnati, followed by stops in Kansas City, San Francisco, the Chicago White Sox and Miami.

Cueto will make way for some of the organization’s younger arms after they called up left-hander Sam Aldegheri and right-hander Caden Dana from Double-A Rocket City.

Aldegheri made his big league debut on Friday and is the first player born and raised in Italy to pitch in the majors.

Dana, considered the organization’s top pitching prospect, will start on Sunday.

Los Angeles also placed right-hander Carson Fulmer on the injured list retroactive to Tuesday due to right elbow inflammation and transferred right-hander José Marte to the 60-day injured list

AP MLB: https://apnews.com/hub/mlb

• Royals To Acquire Yuli Gurriel
• Royals Claim Tommy Pham, Robbie Grossman
• 2024-25 Free Agent Power Rankings: Late August
• Vinnie Pasquantino To Miss Six To Eight Weeks With Broken Thumb
• Cardinals Designate Tommy Pham For Assignment
• 2024-25 Qualifying Offer Projected To Be $21.2MM
• Hoops Rumors
• Pro Football Rumors
• Pro Hockey Rumors

MLB Trade Rumors

Royals Designate Austin Nola, CJ Alexander For Assignment

By Mark Polishuk | August 31, 2024 at 1:26pm CDT

The Royals announced that catcher Austin Nola and infielder CJ Alexander have been designated for assignment.  The moves open up roster space for Tommy Pham and Robbie Grossman , who are now officially part of the K.C. roster after being respectively claimed off waivers from the Cardinals and Rangers.

Nola signed a split contract with the Royals during Spring Training, but the veteran of five MLB seasons has yet to officially bank any big league playing time during the 2024 campaign.  The Royals briefly called Nola up in June but he was sent back to Omaha without appearing in any games, and Salvador Perez and Freddy Fermin have stayed healthy and handled every single inning behind the plate for Kansas City this season.  Injuries also cost Nola all of April, and he hasn’t provided much offense with only a .156/.248/.296 slash line over 163 plate appearances in Omaha.

This made Nola expendable, and now Brian O’Keefe and Rodolfo Duran are the remaining catching depth options at Triple-A.  The Royals might conceivably try to shore up the catching ranks with another veteran, or Nola might simply remain with the team if he clears waivers.  Nola has been outrighted before, so he can opt for free agency if he clears waivers and Kansas City tries to outright him off the 40-man roster.

Alexander has neither a past outright assignment on his ledger, nor the minimum five years of MLB service time to reject an outright, so he might just be optioned back to Omaha if no other teams make a claim.  Alexander just made his Major League debut this season, appearing in four games for the Royals and knocking one single in eight trips to the plate during his brief stint in the Show.

A 20th-round pick for the Braves in the 2018 draft, Alexander was acquired by the Royals as part of the Drew Waters trade in July 2022.  His minor league numbers generally consisted of solid power but low averages and OBPs prior to 2024, when he has put it all together to hit .303/.352/.554 with 16 homers over 350 Triple-A plate appearances.  In the field, Alexander has played mostly third base during his minor league career, with some time at first base and in both corner outfield slots.

Since Alexander just turned 28, he isn’t exactly an up-and-coming type of prospect, but could be another waiver claim candidate if a team is looking for some infield depth.  He also has two minor league option years remaining, making him a flexible roster piece going forward.

5 hours ago

net loss tbh

Hate to lose a 34 year old AAA cstcher.

3 seconds ago

Pham stinks and is a bad clubhouse guy, and Grossman doesn’t do anything of value besides walk decently well.

Poor Nola, ugh

He’ll be ok. He’s got a brother, Aaron, Who’s lined up to make around $200M in his pitching career. I know if my brother had near $200M in deals, I’d be expecting a little “Brotherly Love”.

4 hours ago

I think you mean “outrighted to Omaha” for Alexander. They can’t option him if he is being DFA’d.

Nola to Pbilly as the 14th man for Sept.. Vibes and all….

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Please login to leave a reply.

Log in Register

• Feeds by Team
• Commenting Policy
• Privacy Policy

MLB Trade Rumors is not affiliated with Major League Baseball, MLB or MLB.com

Username or Email Address

Remember Me

• Summer Racing Northeast
• Champions League
• Motor Sports
• High School
• Shop Northeast
• PBR Northeast
• 3ICE Northeast
• Stubhub Northeast
• Play Golf Northeast

Red Sox's Trevor Story: Rehab assignment could come soon

Share video.

Story (shoulder) could begin a rehab assignment in September, but the Red Sox haven't determined an exact date for it yet, Christopher Smith of MassLive.com reports.

The shortstop has taken live batting practice and gone through other baseball activities over the past few weeks as he tries to make it back before the end of the season from mid-April surgery on a fractured left shoulder. Given the length of his absence, Story would figure to require a significant number of rehab at-bats, but the calendar is working against him.

Red Sox's Trevor Story: Beginning rehab assignment Sunday

Red sox's trevor story: continuing to ramp up, red sox's trevor story: taking batting practice monday, red sox's trevor story: could return for playoffs, red sox's trevor story: shifts to 60-day injured list, red sox's trevor story: needs season-ending surgery, our latest fantasy baseball stories.

Week 24 sleeper hitters

Scott white • 1 min read.

Week 24 sleeper pitchers

Week 24 two-start SP rankings

Waiver Wire: Butler's hot streak

Chris towers • 6 min read.

16 potential September call-ups

Scott white • 8 min read.

Waiver Wire: Add David Festa

Chris towers • 3 min read.

• LITTLE LEAGUE
• HORSE RACING
• MORE SPORTS
• TSN ARCHIVES
• Premier League
• Champions League
• Europa League
• Men's March Madness
• Women's March Madness
• Men's March Madness Tickets
• Women's March Madness Tickets
• Schedule/Results
• United Kingdom

Injured Red Sox shortstop expects to begin rehab assignment surprisingly soon

The Boston Red Sox have just 28 games left in their 2024 campaign, and they're 3.5 games out of the final Wild Card spot in the American League.

With that knowledge, Boston needs to be at their best over the next month to pass the Minnesota Twins and make the postseason for the first time since they lost in the ALCS in 2021.

The Red Sox may be getting some help from an unexpected source in the near future, as shortstop Trevor Story, who was believed to have suffered a season-ending shoulder injury back in April, is close to a return.

According to The Boston Globe, Story believes he'll begin a rehab assignment "at some point early next week."

UPDATE: MassLive's Christopher Smith has reported that Story will begin his rehab assignment with Triple-A Worcester on Sunday.

Story went down while trying to make a diving play in a game against the Los Angeles Angels on April 5. he had appeared in eight games to that point and hit .226 with a .617 OPS, four RBIs and a stolen base.

While it may have seemed smarter for Boston to hold Story back from a return , David Hamilton's broken finger, which will likely keep him out until the postseason, may have cleared a path for the 31-year-old's return to the field. Even if he's not at his best, he could give just as competitive if not better at-bats than Mickey Gasper, Nick Sogard and Romy Gonzalez.

MORE RED SOX NEWS

Red Sox starter has looked much better in the last two months

Red Sox place rookie infielder on IL with potentially season-ending injury

Red Sox top prospect downplays season-ending injury

Why Red Sox signed 44-year-old pitcher

Mike Masala previously served as the Managing Editor of USA TODAY's Dolphins Wire as well as a contributing writer at Patriots Wire. Follow on Twitter/X: @Mike_Masala

Trevor Story to begin rehab assignment with Worcester Red Sox on Sunday

Story dislocated his left shoulder on april 5 and has not played since..

By Kaley Brown

MORE RED SOX

Visit to Detroit reminds Red Sox aren’t the only young, promising team in baseball

The silver linings are plentiful amid another doomed red sox season. but the franchise needs more than good vibes., what does david ortiz think is the greatest championship in boston sports history.

After his season was seemingly over following shoulder surgery in April, Trevor Story is trending toward returning to the Red Sox.

Story is set to begin a rehab assignment with the Triple-A Worcester Red Sox on Sunday. The 31-year-old will be the team’s designated hitter. As Story gets more at-bats under his belt, he will start playing in the field.

The shortstop dislocated his shoulder while diving for a ground ball against the Angels on April 5 and underwent surgery one week later.

Red Sox manager Alex Cora discussed Story’s recovery and the possibility that he could play again for the team soon.

“When that happened in LA, I think everybody thought that was it for the season after surgery,” Cora said Friday, ahead of Boston’s game against the Tigers (as shared by MassLive’s Christopher Smith). “And he did an amazing job during the rehab. And he put himself in the conversation.”

Story hinted at potentially playing again in 2024 back in July. He didn’t guarantee a return at the time, but said the possibility was on the table as he was recovering better and faster than expected.

Trevor Story to DH Sunday in Worcester for the start of a rehab assignment. — Ian Browne (@IanMBrowne) August 30, 2024

Now, with about four weeks remaining in the regular season and Story about to start a rehab assignment, it sounds like he has a strong chance to play for Boston before the year’s end.

“Whenever he’s ready, he’s going to help us,” Cora said. “He will. The athlete, the defense, the base runner. Obviously understanding that the offensive part of it is always a challenge when you come from a long period of absence. But we’ll take the athlete. And I think the athlete is going to help us.”

Since signing with the Red Sox as a free agent in March 2022, Story has played in 145 games out of 458 total opportunities (entering Friday). His struggles to stay healthy during his tenure in Boston prompted emotional responses from the player in the moments and days after his on-field injury.

Story and the Red Sox training staff had been ramping up the shortstop’s recovery process since Major League Baseball’s All-Star break last month. Given that his shoulder surgery was deemed season-ending in mid-April, his and the team’s decision to change the way Story was rehabbing seems to be paying off.

He may have the opportunity to take over Boston’s starting shortstop role if he returns, especially considering David Hamilton’s recent injury. Hamilton, who has played 62 games for the Red Sox at shortstop this year, broke his finger while bunting on Aug. 28. He was placed on the 10-day injured list the next day.

With the Red Sox vying for a playoff spot for the first time since 2021, it seems as if Story will have a chance to meaningfully contribute to Boston’s postseason push in September.

Sign up for Red Sox updates⚾

Get breaking news and analysis delivered to your inbox during baseball season.

Be civil. Be kind.

Most Popular

Patriots defensive lineman discussed the Mass. millionaires tax

Revere High School administrator sent to hospital after brawl

Market Basket gives out bonuses in honor of the 10-year anniversary of strikes

NHL, former BC player Johnny Gaudreau and his brother have died

New and upcoming restaurant openings in Boston, fall 2024

In Related News

Ceddanne Rafaela, Jarren Duran homer in 10th inning as Red Sox bounce back and beat Tigers 7-5

Boston.com Newsletter Signup Boston.com Logo

Stay up to date with everything Boston. Receive the latest news and breaking updates, straight from our newsroom to your inbox.

Enter your email address

• Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers
• Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand
• OverflowAI GenAI features for Teams
• OverflowAPI Train & fine-tune LLMs
• Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing
• About the company Visit the blog

Collectives™ on Stack Overflow

Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

Get early access and see previews of new features.

Assign variable value inside if-statement [duplicate]

I was wondering whether it is possible to assign a variable a value inside a conditional operator like so:

if((int v = someMethod()) != 0) return v;

Is there some way to do this in Java? Because I know it's possible in while conditions, but I'm not sure if I'm doing it wrong for the if-statement or if it's just not possible.

• That'd be nice. –  Josh M. Commented Feb 3, 2022 at 20:57
• You were so preoccupied with whether you could, you didn’t stop to think if you should... That's some real confusing code right there and it can get even worse. You can have this other abomination: if(v = doSomething()) { /* do stuff */ } . By the time you realise that's a = and not == , you already interpreted the code wrong for hours trying to understand why it doesn't work –  Guilherme Taffarel Bergamin Commented Mar 3, 2023 at 13:03

9 Answers 9

Variables can be assigned but not declared inside the conditional statement:

• 3 So if you need the declaration anyway just place the someMethod() assign in front of the declaration. int v = someMethod() –  wviana Commented Feb 17, 2016 at 19:53
• 3 Pitty, no oneliner for me :( –  Pieter De Bie Commented Dec 20, 2016 at 9:02
• 1 i pitty the oneliner >:D –  Jason K. Commented Apr 6, 2017 at 16:15
• 15 I pity the int foo . –  xdhmoore Commented May 9, 2018 at 22:44
• 1 @wviana In some situations you may not want to run someMethod() and spend run time until after other checks are made in the conditional. If someMethod() takes a long time, and you don't want to check the result of that until a later "else". With your way, that time would be spent on it whether it is used or not. –  Michael K Commented Oct 21, 2022 at 15:43

You can assign , but not declare , inside an if :

an assignment returns the left-hand side of the assignment. so: yes. it is possible. however, you need to declare the variable outside:

• 3 As per specification , assignment returns value of the left -hand side (the variable that was assigned to). –  StenSoft Commented Mar 12, 2015 at 15:45
• 1 @rmalchow Correction, you don't necessarily have to initialize variable, it depends on what if statement does. If it returns out, for instance, then there is no need for initialization. –  randomUser56789 Commented Jul 30, 2015 at 11:24
• @StenSoft - true. however ... i wonder if, other than an implit cast - as in long i = (int)2; - this would have any significance? –  rmalchow Commented Jul 23, 2016 at 6:50
• @randomUser56789 can you elaborate? "if((int v = call()) != 4)" just won't work. –  rmalchow Commented Jul 23, 2016 at 6:51
• @rmalchow it won't work indeed. I said that you don't have to initialize the variable outside, but you do have to declare it outside. –  randomUser56789 Commented Jul 25, 2016 at 7:38

Yes, you can assign the value of variable inside if.

I wouldn't recommend it. The problem is, it looks like a common error where you try to compare values, but use a single = instead of == or === .

It will be better if you do something like this:

• 1 This is easy to shoot yourself in the foot with because it compiles just fine... boolean b = false; if ( b = true ) { //oops } –  Edward J Beckett Commented Mar 16, 2018 at 12:52
• @EddieB This isn't like shooting yourself in the foot. More about not knowing the kind of gun you have in your hands. Gosling messed up Java a lot in the name of the former when most of the time it had to do with the latter. –  stillanoob Commented Jul 14, 2020 at 9:53

I believe that your problem is due to the fact that you are defining the variable v inside the test. As explained by @rmalchow, it will work you change it into

There is also another issue of variable scope. Even if what you tried were to work, what would be the point? Assuming you could define the variable scope inside the test, your variable v would not exist outside that scope. Hence, creating the variable and assigning the value would be pointless, for you would not be able to use it.

Variables exist only in the scope they were created. Since you are assigning the value to use it afterwards, consider the scope where you are creating the varible so that it may be used where needed.

Yes, it's possible to do. Consider the code below:

I hope this will satisfy your question.

You can assign a variable inside of if statement, but you must declare it first

Yes, it is possible to assign inside if conditional check. But, your variable should have already been declared to assign something.

Because I know it's possible in while conditions, but I'm not sure if I'm doing it wrong for the if-statement or if it's just not possible.

HINT: what type while and if condition should be ??

If it can be done with while, it can be done with if statement as weel, as both of them expect a boolean condition.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged java or ask your own question .

• The Overflow Blog
• Where does Postgres fit in a world of GenAI and vector databases?
• Mobile Observability: monitoring performance through cracked screens, old...
• Featured on Meta
• Announcing a change to the data-dump process
• Bringing clarity to status tag usage on meta sites
• What does a new user need in a homepage experience on Stack Overflow?
• Staging Ground Reviewer Motivation
• Feedback requested: How do you use tag hover descriptions for curating and do...

Hot Network Questions

• Does the order of ingredients while cooking matter to an extent that it changes the overall taste of the food?
• Can you use 'sollen' the same way as 'should' in sentences about possibility that something happens?
• Cannot open and HTML file stored on RAM-disk with a browser
• Background for the Elkies-Klagsbrun curve of rank 29
• Is it possible to have a planet that's gaslike in some areas and rocky in others?
• What prevents a browser from saving and tracking passwords entered to a site?
• Whence “uniform distribution”?
• Which Mosaic law was in the backdrop of ceremonial hand-washing in Mark 7?
• Is the spectrum of Hawking radiation identical to that of thermal radiation?
• Parse Minecraft's VarInt
• Is there a phrase for someone who's really bad at cooking?
• Do the amplitude and frequency of gravitational waves emitted by binary stars change as the stars get closer together?
• How specific does the GDPR require you to be when providing personal information to the police?
• ESTA is not letting me pay
• Took a pic of old school friend in the 80s who is now quite famous and written a huge selling memoir. Pic has ben used in book without permission
• Why was this lighting fixture smoking? What do I do about it?
• Overstayed Schengen but can I switch to US passport?
• What is the highest apogee of a satellite in Earth orbit?
• My supervisor wants me to switch to another software/programming language that I am not proficient in. What to do?
• Duties when bringing Canadian goods to US in luggage
• Has a tire ever exploded inside the Wheel Well?
• Where does the energy in ion propulsion come from?
• Whatever happened to Chessmaster?
• What happens when touching a piece which cannot make a legal move?