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Top 5 Careers for Engineering PhDs

Written by Tavis Mendez, PhD

I was only a few months away from obtaining my PhD in engineering.

I have always loved working in the engineering field because of the vast array of paths you can take when studying engineering.

But, as I neared the end of my studies, trying desperately to finish my thesis, I realized that I hadn’t taken the time to look at the job market .

I had been working long hours in the lab and had neglected to network.

I had not bothered to look at the world outside of academia .

What did engineering PhDs do after they graduated?

I didn’t see a lot of postgraduates shuttling back through the halls of academia.

Where did they all go after they graduated?

I decided to ask around my department and contact some of the alumni.

I set up quite a few informational interviews and learned about many of the opportunities, in the private and government sector, available to STEM PhDs.

During my informational interviews, my new connections stressed the importance of practicing my interview skills and getting my industry resume ready.

Through these new contacts, I was able to get a referral , which jump-started my job search, as I began my journey outside of academia.

I knew there was a place for me outside academia, I just had to go and take it.

Why Academia Isn’t The Only Avenue For Great Science

After spending countless days, months, and years on your PhD, it’s about time that you start thinking about what to do next.

Your future in academia is bleak.

According to Nature Biotechnology , 36,000 PhDs are awarded in STEM fields each year, but only 3,000 faculty positions open up.

Those are not good odds.

The truth is, if you stay in academia, you will very likely end up in an underpaid and dead-end postdoc.

Instead, you must realize there are many excellent opportunities suited to PhDs like you outside academia.

The National Science Foundation reported that only 2.1% of science and engineering PhDs are unemployed.

STEM PhDs are in high demand in industry.

There are many opportunities outside academia waiting for you to sink your teeth into.

Top 5 Jobs For Engineering PhDs

Do not feel pressured to stay in academia.

Leaving academia does not mean the end of your time as a scientist or engineer.

You can have a successful and lucrative STEM career outside of a university.

Here are the top 5 industry careers for engineering PhDs…

1. Chemical engineering.

Jobs in chemical engineering focus on the development of materials.

There are many types of positions in chemical engineering, and you will be able to avoid being pigeonholed into one career.

As a PhD, you are qualified for a position in project management , which is responsible for overseeing all aspects from the bench, to manufacturing, and production.

This would allow you to work on different types of projects and have an impact at all stages of development.

If you are interested in working at the bench, you may look into analytical chemical engineering.

Other areas such as manufacturing, mining, and material engineering are great options if you are more attuned to product development.

Meanwhile, positions such as production and quality managers are great options, if working directly with people is something you enjoy.

If you have a background in chemical engineering, there is definitely a job in industry suited to your interests and desired lifestyle.

Chemical engineers can expect to make a salary above $70,000.

2. Biomedical engineering.

Working in biomedical engineering gives you the opportunity to expand into medicine and scientific research.

If you have a calling to help people directly, you can look into biomechanics and orthopedic bioengineering.

These careers will place you into rehabilitation research, for those who have a need for ambulatory assistance.

Biomaterials, bioinstrumentation, and cellular/tissue engineering may be right up your alley if you are interested in doing R&D in a wet lab.

These are just a few of the options you can look into with a degree in biomedical engineering.

With the recent advances in Artificial Intelligence to help ambulatory patients, and the development of biomaterials to make long-lasting devices to replace vital portions of our bodies, there is a need for more PhDs in this area.

The biomedical engineering field is not slowing down any time soon.

Biomedical engineers can expect to earn an annual salary around $90,000.

3. Aerospace engineering.

If your dream is to work among the stars, aerospace engineering is a profession you may want to take a look at.

Here, you will be responsible for designing spacecraft, satellites, and missiles.

The work you do here will affect the globe as national defense, space exploration, and telecommunications will be in your hands.

The research and development done in aerospace engineering will not only be used in space, but can lead to real-world applications on Earth.

Recently, it has also been reported that the American Duopoly in the jetliner market is under siege, as new competitors have emerged from China, Canada, and Russia.

This will increase competition, and open up the market for new jobs in aerospace engineering.

Aerospace engineers can expect to earn a salary upwards of $100,000.

4. Computer software engineer.

Computers have come a long way since the advent of the first Turing machine.

With the continuous advancement of computers and Information Technology, it has created the need for extensive software development and security.

PhDs with computer engineering skills are in high demand.

The development and maintenance of computing systems is essential for almost every business infrastructure.

This leads back to the security concerns that come with 24/7 connectivity, whether you work in business, academia, or government.

PhDs in software and systems engineering will have to manage preventative, protective, and restorative measures to maintain the essential computing foundation for any organization.

Cyber-crime will not go away any time soon, and the cost of a massive cyber-attack is huge.

A major cyber-attack could cost up to $120 billion, giving companies huge motivation to invest in computer security and development.

Hence, one can make a lucrative career in computer software engineering.

A computer software engineer can expect to make more than $80,000.

5. Telecommunication engineering.

The new app economy, and the ability to purchase goods with virtual cash, has begun a new paradigm that requires the expertise of engineering PhDs.

If you consider yourself a connoisseur of gadgets, you may want to look into a career in telecommunications engineering.

In telecommunications, there are several specialties that are placed under one umbrella, which can be electrical, computer, and civil engineering .

In other words, you may work on circuitry, or you may be responsible for the development of wireless/broadband technology.

Telecommunications is advancing quickly, as companies scramble to develop their infrastructure and signal capabilities.

This niche career has plenty of potential and should be pursued to help the globalization of communication.

PhDs in telecommunication engineering can expect to earn a $75,000 salary.

The world of engineering has an array of choices available to PhDs. The time to start understanding what is available to you is now. The sooner you begin networking with industry professionals , the better your chances are for landing a job outside of academia. You are doing your career a disservice by limiting yourself to academia. In industry, your engineering PhD can earn you a position in chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, aerospace engineering, computer software engineering, or telecommunications engineering. The choice is yours to make.

If you’re ready to start your transition into industry, you can apply to book a free Transition Call with our founder Isaiah Hankel, PhD or one of our Transition Specialists.  Apply to book a Transition Call here.

Hi, I'm Isaiah Hankel, PhD

I am CEO of Cheeky Scientist, the world's premier career training platform for PhDs. If you want free insights on resumes, LinkedIn, interviewing, careers and more, just enter your details below.

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ABOUT TAVIS MENDEZ, PHD

Tavis Mendez is a scientist in transition who has a passion for benchwork and communicating biomedical research to the public. Dreaming of becoming a scientist since his adolescent years, he obtained his Ph.D. in a parasitology lab, but has also travelled across the USA and to Asia to study cancer and hypertension. In his free time, Tavis loves to conduct culinary experiments in his kitchen.

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"Going with Nyxoah! Thank you for all your help Isaiah!"

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GET YOUR PhD IN ENGINEERING

Ph.D. in engineering is a prestigious doctoral degree obtained upon completion of a postgraduate program in engineering from an accredited institution. This rigorous degree involves extensive research, course work, and often includes teaching responsibilities for undergraduate students. It provides advanced knowledge and expertise in specialized engineering fields, paving the way for career opportunities in academia, research, industry leadership, and innovation.

PhD in Engineering

Course work for an engineering doctorate generally includes quantitative research methods and highly specialized classes in the student's engineering specialty. In addition, students working toward a PhD in engineering  can expect to complete a written dissertation based on original research.

Graduates of PhD in Engineering programs can work as professors at research universities, dedicate their expertise to industrial or government research labs, or create a business around their own innovation. Consider building your career as the developer of a green energy trend, discovering a life-saving biomedical process, or taking the world to the next global communication platform.

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Typically, doctoral students work closely with one or more engineering professors who serve as PhD advisers, guiding them through their research and dissertation. As part of the dissertation process, schools may require PhD candidates to pass either written or oral (or both) qualifying exams and to defend their research conclusions before their PhD advisory committee.

Earning a PhD in engineering generally involves five to seven years of graduate study, with substantial professional opportunities awaiting those who hold this highly respected degree.

Online PhD Programs

Online education offers its own set of benefits , from flexible class scheduling to savings on tuition and commuting costs. In particular, working adults interested in completing their studies without quitting their job or sacrificing family commitments will find online learning well-suited to their priorities.  That said, engineering PhD programs are not common across all specialties. Master's-level online engineering programs are much more prevalent, and, of course, an MS or MEng is a standard requirement for an engineering PhD. If you do not already hold an engineering master's degree, you might consider online education as a potential route for earning that credential.  Traditional engineering PhD programs will set their own terms for potential PhD candidates, and you may find a college willing to let you take some of the required course work via online learning. Overall, however, the nature of an engineering PhD program necessitates a solid commitment to in-person time spent with PhD advisers and on lab or real-world research.

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PhD vs. DEng (Doctor of Engineering): What’s the Difference?

Choosing between a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering (DEng) is a crucial decision for many aspiring engineers, affecting their career trajectory and professional development. Both degrees offer distinct paths with their own set of benefits and challenges. 

While a PhD is traditionally research-oriented, focusing on advancing knowledge and technology through rigorous study and experimentation, the Doctor of Engineering is designed to propel professionals into high-level problem-solving and management roles within the industry. 

Understanding the key characteristics of each doctorate degree will help prospective students make an informed decision tailored to their career aspirations.

Table of Contents

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Definitions

Each of these programs offers a unique approach to engineering education, catering to different types of students and career goals. 

What Is a PhD in Engineering?

A PhD in Engineering is considered the pinnacle of academic achievement in the engineering field. The degree has the following characteristics:

• Research-focused : The degree is aimed at generating new knowledge and technologies through extensive research.
• Academically oriented : Candidates are expected to contribute original findings to the broader engineering community through peer-reviewed publications.
• Long-term commitment : It typically requires four to six years of study, involving coursework and a significant original research project culminating in a dissertation.

What Is a Doctor of Engineering?

The Doctor of Engineering, on the other hand, is tailored for professionals aiming to deepen their technical expertise and lead engineering projects in the industry. The degree has the following characteristics:

• Application-driven : It focuses on applying research to practical problems in engineering.
• Professionally oriented : The degree is geared towards those who wish to excel in high-level industry positions rather than academic roles.
• Integration with industry : It often requires candidates to engage directly with engineering companies or projects, applying advanced concepts to real-world challenges.

Comparing PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering

There are a number of similarities and differences between the two doctorate degrees .

Key Similarities

Although the PhD in Engineering and the DEng degrees cater to different career paths, they share several foundational elements:

• Advanced engineering knowledge : Both degrees require a deep understanding of advanced engineering principles.
• Critical thinking and problem-solving : Students must exhibit exceptional analytical skills to tackle complex engineering challenges.
• Commitment to ethics : Each program instills a strong commitment to ethical practices in both academic and professional settings.

Key Differences

The core distinctions between a PhD in Engineering and a DEng highlight their unique orientations and objectives:

• The PhD in Engineering emphasizes theoretical research and academic contributions.
• The DEng focuses on practical application and industry impact.
• PhD students complete a dissertation based on original research.
• DEng students typically undertake a project that solves a practical industry problem.
• PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia or research institutions.
• DEng holders typically seek leadership roles in engineering firms or technical consultancy positions.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Education Structure and Curriculum

By exploring the structures and curriculums of the degrees, prospective students can gain a clearer understanding of what each degree entails and which might best suit their career goals.

PhD in Engineering Structure and Curriculum

The educational structure of a PhD in Engineering is designed to cultivate expert researchers and academics. Coursework focuses on advanced topics in engineering, mathematics, and related sciences to prepare students for independent research.

Significant time is dedicated to conducting original research , leading to new insights and technological advancements. The culmination of the PhD is a comprehensive dissertation that makes a novel contribution to the field of engineering.

Doctor of Engineering Structure and Curriculum

The curriculum of the Doctor of Engineering is structured to integrate advanced engineering theory with practical application. The advanced practice-oriented coursework is designed to enhance technical and management skills, preparing students for high-level industry roles.

Project work emphasizes solving real-world engineering problems, often in collaboration with engineering firms or through internships. The degree typically culminates in a substantial capstone project that demonstrates the application of engineering principles to industry challenges.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Accreditation

Accreditation is an important aspect of all engineering degrees, and should be considered carefully by prospective students.

PhD in Engineering Accreditation

Accreditation for a PhD in Engineering ensures the quality and rigor of the academic program:

• Importance of accreditation : Accreditation verifies that the educational program meets specific standards of quality and rigor, essential for academic and professional recognition.
• Accrediting bodies : Major accrediting bodies for engineering programs include the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and regional accrediting organizations.
• Impact on career : Holding a degree from an accredited institution enhances a graduate’s prospects in academia and research fields, ensuring their qualifications are recognized and respected globally.

Doctor of Engineering Accreditation

Accreditation for the Doctor of Engineering focuses on both academic standards and industry relevance:

• Professional standards : Ensures that the program provides education that is relevant and up-to-date with industry standards.
• Accrediting organizations : Similar to the PhD, DEng programs are often accredited by ABET and may also seek accreditation from industry-specific bodies that recognize professional engineering qualifications.
• Professional recognition : Accreditation is crucial for DEng graduates to be recognized as qualified professionals in the engineering industry, potentially influencing hiring decisions and career advancement.

Career Options for PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering

Both degrees prepare graduates for different professional paths. Students need to recognize the importance of choosing a degree that aligns with one’s engineering career aspirations and personal strengths.

PhD in Engineering Careers

A PhD in Engineering opens doors to a range of career opportunities, primarily in academia and research:

• Academic positions : Many PhD graduates become university professors, contributing to academic knowledge and educating the next generation of engineers.
• Research institutions : Some may hold positions in government or private research institutions where they can continue to develop new technologies and solutions.
• Specialist roles : Highly specialized industries such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, or renewable energy often seek PhD graduates for their advanced research capabilities.

Doctor of Engineering Careers

The career paths for Doctor of Engineering graduates are oriented toward industry and applied engineering solutions:

• Engineering management : Graduates may pursue leadership roles within engineering firms, overseeing projects and teams.
• Project management : Some may find jobs managing large-scale projects, ensuring they meet technical specifications, budgets, and timelines.
• Consultancy : Some graduates take positions providing expert advice in specific areas of engineering, often as an external consultant to various industries.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Salary and Job Outlook

Examining the salary and career prospects related to the PhD in Engineering and DEng degrees can help prospective students gain insight into degree outcomes.

PhD in Engineering Salary

Graduates holding a PhD in Engineering are positioned for competitive salaries, especially in academia and specialized research roles:

• Average annual salary : According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for postsecondary engineering teachers was approximately $106,910 as of May 2023, though this can vary widely depending on the specific field and location.
• Salary range : Professor of engineering salaries can range from about $49,000 to over $182,000.
• Factors affecting salary : Industry, geographic location, and the specific engineering discipline significantly influence salary outcomes.  

Doctor of Engineering Salary

The Doctor of Engineering degree typically leads to higher-paying positions in the industry due to its focus on applied engineering and management:

• Average annual salary : The median annual salary for architectural and engineering managers was approximately $165,370 as of May 2023, according to the BLS.
• Salary range : Starting salaries begin around $107,000, with potential to exceed $233,000 in senior management or consulting roles.
• Industry variance : Salaries can be particularly high in sectors such as aerospace, manufacturing, and systems engineering.

PhD in Engineering Job Outlook

The job outlook for PhD in Engineering graduates remains positive, reflecting the ongoing need for advanced expertise in research and development:

• Growth projection : The BLS projects that engineering teaching positions , commonly held by PhDs, will grow by 9% from 2022 to 2032.
• Emerging fields : Significant growth is expected in areas like renewable energy, robotics, and biomedical engineering, driving demand for research and development experts.
• Academic opportunities : The academic sector continues to offer opportunities, although competitive, for tenure-track positions.  

Doctor of Engineering Job Outlook

Doctor of Engineering graduates have a strong job outlook in various industry sectors, especially those that value practical engineering leadership:

• Growth projection : Engineering management positions are expected to expand by about 4% over the decade, indicating stable demand for engineering leaders.
• Professional advancement : The degree is particularly valuable for professionals looking to ascend to executive-level positions in technical companies.
• Sector-specific demand : High demand in sectors such as construction, consulting services, and government projects.

This section highlights the salary expectations and job prospects for graduates of both PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering programs, underscoring the potential financial and professional rewards of each path.

Tips for Choosing Between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering

Choosing between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering depends largely on individual career goals and personal interests. Here are some considerations to help prospective students make this important decision:

• Assess career goals : Consider whether your interest lies in academic research or practical industry applications. A PhD is ideal for those interested in research and teaching, while a DEng suits those aiming for senior engineering management roles.
• Consider industry requirements : Some industries may value the practical skills of a DEng more highly, whereas academia and research institutions typically require a PhD.
• Evaluate long-term objectives : Think about where you want to be in 10-15 years. Does one degree align better with your envisioned career path?
• Seek advice : Talk to current students and professionals in both tracks to understand the realities and demands of each path.
• Financial and time commitments : Be realistic about the time and financial investment each degree requires and what you can commit to.

What are the main differences between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering?

• Focus : PhD programs are research-oriented, ideal for those interested in academic careers or deep specialization in a field. DEng programs are application-oriented, designed for professionals aiming for high-level industry positions.
• Outcome : PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia or specialized research, while DEng graduates typically move into senior management or consultancy roles in engineering.

How long does it typically take to complete a PhD in Engineering versus a Doctor of Engineering?

• PhD in Engineering : Generally takes between four to six years, depending on the research project and dissertation requirements.
• Doctor of Engineering : Typically completed in three to five years, as it often integrates professional experience and may have a more structured curriculum.

Can a Doctor of Engineering degree lead to a teaching position in universities?

Yes, although less common than PhD holders, DEng graduates can teach, especially in universities that emphasize practical skills and applied engineering. However, tenure-track positions may prefer candidates with a PhD.

What kind of financial investment is involved in pursuing these degrees?

The cost can vary widely depending on the institution and the country. Generally, PhD programs may offer more funding opportunities, such as scholarships and stipends, due to their research focus. DEng programs may have less funding available but are often shorter in duration.

Is it possible to switch from a DEng to a PhD program or vice versa?

Switching between the programs is possible but may require fulfilling additional prerequisites or adjustments in one’s research focus. It’s important to consult academic advisors to understand the implications and requirements.

Are there online options available for either degree?

Yes, many universities now offer online or hybrid versions of both PhD and DEng programs. These options provide flexibility but require self-discipline and may have different networking opportunities compared to traditional on-campus programs.

Explore the PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering Differences

Both the PhD in Engineering and the Doctor of Engineering offer valuable pathways to fulfilling and lucrative careers in their respective fields. The choice between a research-oriented PhD and a practice-oriented DEng should be guided by personal career aspirations, industry demands, and lifestyle considerations. 

By carefully evaluating these factors and utilizing the resources available, prospective students can make an informed decision that best suits their professional goals and personal preferences. This careful deliberation will ensure that they embark on a path that not only meets their academic and professional needs but also enriches their personal growth and career satisfaction.

For further exploration and to aid in decision-making, the following resources can be helpful:

• Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology : ABET provides a list of accredited engineering programs, which is crucial for ensuring the quality of your education.  
• Professional associations : Organizations like the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) offer resources for engineering students and professionals.
• Career planning tools : Organizations like Payscale and the BLS offer valuable tools for researching potential careers and salary data.
• University career services : Most universities offer career services to their students, which can help in understanding the prospects and requirements of both degrees.

Should Engineers Get a PHD? 11 Truths!

Should engineers get a PhD? Depends on what you want to achieve in your career. There are ups and downs to pursuing a PhD in engineering.

To figure it out, start by asking yourself what kind of career you’re after. Your decision will be based on factors like:

• Your interests
• How much money you want to make
• The lifestyle you desire
• Your other career options

We’ll chat about these four pointers, and then dive headfirst into 11 extra tips to help you size up the pros and cons of pursuing a PhD in engineering.

Important Note: I’ll be generalizing each factor I discuss, so keep in mind that there are always exceptions. And don’t forget that some superstar engineers will fly high whether they have a PhD or not. Success can come either way!

What really interests you in engineering?

A PhD can give you a leg up when tackling groundbreaking technological challenges. Without one, you might find it tough to access such work. But if you’re into more typical engineering gigs in the industry, then a PhD won’t be worth the time and money.

Usually, people go for a PhD if they want to become a specialist or researcher, or if they have their sights set on an academic career. A PhD can provide flexibility between industry and academia, letting you explore fresh ideas and spearhead innovative projects.

Here’s my two cents on both academia and industry:

In academia

In this world, your work might not make an immediate real-world splash. It could take years or even decades for your research to be recognized and applied. So, if you’re looking to become an overnight sensation, you might want to think again.

But you know what? To a select few who are passionate about your field, your work will be a big deal. You’ll have the chance to share your unique ideas with like-minded folks and make a difference in your little corner of the world.

And never forget that every small step you take will ultimately contribute to the greater good of humanity.

In industry

Meanwhile, in the industry, your work can make an instant impact. You’ll tackle awesome projects that are directly tied to a company’s goals, making a real difference in people’s lives.

Take, for example, working on R&D for batteries. Batteries are essential for our future, and every tiny improvement can change our lives in a big way.

The downside? Your company might not give you the credit you deserve for your groundbreaking work. But don’t sweat it – there are loads of similar opportunities for PhD holders who are motivated and inventive.

All in all, whether you pick academia or industry, you’ll have plenty of chances to change the world. Just keep cranking out top-notch work, and everything else will fall into place.

How much money do you want to make?

First off, don’t pay for your PhD yourself. If you can’t get funding, it means the market doesn’t see the value in your research.

Even with funding, you might only make $20k to $40k a year, depending on your university. If you’d gone straight into the industry, you could be pocketing $150k or more each year. Then you could invest that salary in real estate, businesses, you name it.

So, if money’s your main concern, you’ll lag behind your peers who jumped straight into the industry. Because while you’re spending 3 to 5 years earning a PhD and living on ramen noodles, they’ll be making bank.

And if you’re thinking about academia after your PhD, buckle up for even more financial hurdles.

Let’s be real: a PhD is a massive investment of time and money. If dollar signs are all you see, don’t bother with a PhD.

Important Note: Engineers with PhDs who start multi-million dollar businesses are exceptions, just like college dropouts who start multi-billion dollar businesses.

PhD stipends from major U.S. universities

Check this shortlist of engineering department stipends from major universities, put together by PhD Stipends :

As you can tell, diving into a PhD in engineering might not make you rich overnight. But, hey, it does give you the chance to work on some mind-blowing research and help shape the world of tomorrow.

Important Note: Don’t forget to weigh in the cost of living when you’re checking out those PhD stipends. Higher stipends usually come with a heftier price tag on everyday life, like in the Bay Area where Stanford is nestled.

What type of lifestyle do you want?

Dreaming of a chill, easygoing life? Academia might not be your jam. You could grind away for years and never snag that elusive academic tenure. Even in the industry, you might land just an ordinary engineering gig, making your PhD feel like a waste.

The professional stress from this uncertain journey can seep into your personal life. Financial struggles might become your constant companion, impacting every corner of your life. But hey, with a PhD, you get the keys to the world’s coolest toys and can work in top-notch national labs and fancy universities.

If you’re down to embrace uncertainty into your golden years, a PhD could be worth the ride. You may trade short-term comfort for the shot at doing what sets your soul on fire in the long run.

Mind you, I use the term sacrifice lightly. If you’re head over heels for your research, nothing else will even matter.

Do you have other options in life?

If you’re still feeling the PhD vibe after all this, ask yourself:

• Do you have any other career options?
• Is there another gig that’s tugging at your heartstrings?

If you said yes to either, hold your horses! Give some serious thought to whether a PhD is really your destiny. I’ve got friends who ditched their PhD programs to start businesses, and now they’re swimming in millions!

On the flip side, I know folks who chased a PhD just to immigrate to the US for a better life. But listen, don’t just follow the crowd. Committing to a PhD is a massive deal and can change your life in a big way.

This is further highlighted by the low number of U.S. students going for a PhD in engineering each year. The data below, from ASEE , includes all engineering fields combined.

Important Note: The number of awarded engineering doctorate degrees is increasing. But the U.S. population is also increasing, and more foreign students are immigrating to the U.S. to pursue a PhD. 

11 Pointers to consider in pursuing a PhD in engineering

Now, here are 11 pointers I’ve gathered from my pals and relatives who’ve gone down the PhD-in-engineering rabbit hole:

#1 Choose a research topic with real-world oomph

Picking the perfect research topic is the key to unlocking your PhD’s potential. Focus on fields that are shining bright, like:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Renewable energy

These areas tend to reel in more funding and have a higher demand in both academia and industry. After all, you still gotta pay the bills and keep a roof over your head.

#2 A PhD hones your thinking skills, not just your specialization

In the real world, you might not use all that fancy research know-how from your PhD. Instead, you’ll rely on your shiny new way of thinking to tackle problems.

So, a PhD isn’t just about becoming the go-to person in a super-niche field. It’s also about learning how to think and tackle the tough stuff.

And, hey, you can pick up these skills outside the hallowed halls of academia too.

#3 Don’t expect a PhD to put you on a pedestal

Sure, a PhD might make some folks go “ooh” and “aah,” but at the end of the day, it’s all about delivering the goods. Your skills and passion for the job are what really count, not the alphabet soup trailing your name.

I’m all about treating everyone equally, regardless of their academic fanfare.

Of course, a PhD can give you a credibility boost when making first impressions. But remember, it’s what you do next that really matters.

#4 A PhD can open doors, but it might close some too

A PhD can help you score high-level gigs at big-shot companies with in-house research and development. But beware – it might also slam some doors shut if you’re deemed overqualified for certain roles.

Choose your career path wisely and take time to think through your future pragmatically.

#5 Dive into a PhD in a subject that ignites your passion

Being passionate about your subject is the secret sauce to staying motivated during your PhD journey. Surround yourself with amazing people who share your interests, or you’ll struggle through the tough times – and trust me, there’ll be plenty.

#6 Don’t chase a PhD for the wrong reasons

Don’t go after a PhD just because “it’s what smart people do” or because you want to add some extra letters to your name.

Let’s get real here: a PhD doesn’t magically transform you into a genius. Heck, some of the brightest minds out there never even set foot in a college classroom!

If you were a regular Joe or Jane before diving into a PhD program, chances are you’ll still be one when you’re done. But hey, you don’t need to be a mega-brainiac to tackle a PhD. If you can snag a spot in a program, you’ve definitely got what it takes to see it through.

#7 Fear not the PhD pursuit

Some folks are scared stiff of the grueling trek to PhD-land. It’s like climbing a never-ending mountain, right?

Well, anything worth chasing is gonna be tough. If it were a piece of cake, everybody and their dog would be doing it!

#8 A PhD isn’t for everyone

To nail that PhD, you need a killer work ethic and a fierce dedication to your field. That’s what’ll help you conquer those hurdles and push through the lonely stretches.

Let’s face it: the PhD life isn’t everyone’s cup of tea. Just look at the small number of doctorates awarded each year in the U.S., as reported by ASEE. The data below covers all engineering fields combined:

And if you’re bold enough to take on a PhD, you’re probably an ambitious go-getter. So you’ll no doubt find some other epic challenge to sink your teeth into.

#9 Pick your program and advisor like a pro

The right program and advisor can make or break your PhD ride.

Seriously, you’ll be bending over backward for your advisor for years. They’ve got the power to make your life a living nightmare. Keep your eyes peeled for these red flags:

A bad advisor:

• Is a grade-A jerk
• Makes everything about them
• Squeezes you for free labor and grinds you down
• Fills you with guilt and doubt

A good advisor:

• Is super nice and supportive
• Turns you into a top-notch researcher
• Dishes out awesome life advice
• Hooks you up with conferences and fellowships
• Lets you visit other labs

So do your homework and pick your program and advisor with care.

#10 Weigh the impact on your loved ones

I’ve known people who juggled family life and a PhD. Sure, it was a bumpy road, but they made it work.

Keep in mind that a PhD can take ages, and your biological clock won’t wait around for you to finish.

#11 Industry jobs for PhD grads

Dreaming of a PhD to score an industry job? From what I’ve seen, here are a couple of paths for PhD graduates:

• Work in well-funded government labs, doing the research thing.
• Join big-league companies like Google, Apple, or IBM that can afford to splash cash on research.

If that doesn’t float your boat, a Master’s degree might be all you need for other engineering gigs in the industry.

Important Note: During recessions, R&D departments usually hold steady. R&D is a long-haul investment for a company, after all.

If an R&D project kicks off during a slump, it’ll wrap up just as the economy bounces back. That way, the company comes out stronger on the other side.

“Should engineers get a PhD” wrap up

Deciding to pursue a PhD is a deeply personal choice that deserves some serious soul-searching.

Don’t let peer pressure sway you. Take a good, hard look at the pros and cons, and make the call that’s right for you.

Now, I’ve met engineers who’d never trade their PhD experience for the world. But others reckon it was the worst decision they ever made.

At the end of the day, a PhD is all about the journey, not just the fancy certificate and those three little letters you get to tack onto your name.

Do you think a PhD in engineering is worthwhile? Will it be even more valuable down the road?

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Author Bio: Koosha started Engineer Calcs in 2019 to help people better understand the engineering and construction industry, and to discuss various science and engineering-related topics to make people think. He has been working in the engineering and tech industry in California for well over 15 years now and is a licensed professional electrical engineer, and also has various entrepreneurial pursuits.

Koosha has an extensive background in the design and specification of electrical systems with areas of expertise including power generation, transmission, distribution, instrumentation and controls, and water distribution and pumping as well as alternative energy (wind, solar, geothermal, and storage).

Koosha is most interested in engineering innovations, the cosmos, sports, fitness, and our history and future.

6 thoughts on “Should Engineers Get a PHD? 11 Truths!”

The most insightful comparison I’ve found on this topic so far. Thank you.

Glad you found the article helpful 🙂

Thanks for that nicely summed up article – not too long and covers the important points on everybody’s mind! 🙂

Glad you enjoyed the read 🙂

Thank you, I have just been searching for info about this subject for ages and yours is the best I have found out till now. However, what in regards to the conclusion? Are you positive about the source?

I tried to capture all angles of the experience, so do your best to apply the lessons to your personality and reasons for pursuing the degree.

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• Career Development

What To Do After a PhD: Exciting Career Options for PhD Graduates

Choosing what to do after your PhD isn’t always easy, particularly when you’re not sure if you want to work in academia. However, that doesn’t mean that there aren’t plenty of career opportunities that come with a PhD – and a good chance it’ll increase your earning potential.

Weve answered some of the most frequently asked questions about PhDs, covering course types, applications, funding and the benefits of further study.

Will a PhD help you get a job or earn a better salary? And what are your career prospects in and outside of academia?

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work as a student or recent graduate in the USA.

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work in Germany as a student or recent graduate in Germany.

If you’re completing or applying for a PhD, it’s likely that at some point you’ll consider working in academia. Academia is the career path of researchers who work to advance teaching and research in institutes of education. While most academics are employed by universities, institutes could include government-funded experiments or sites of historical preservation, for example.

The main objective of academia is to produce original research. Though not all academics work in university, this page shall focus mainly on the university progression path.

Earning a PhD is a huge accomplishment that requires years of intense study and research. But once you’ve completed your doctoral degree, an important question arises – what’s next? Your PhD has equipped you with highly transferable skills, opening doors to diverse career opportunities. This article explores the many exciting options available for PhD graduates within and beyond academia.

Completing a PhD demonstrates your expertise in a specialized field through rigorous research and analysis. It also cultivates critical soft skills like project management communication, critical thinking and perseverance. With such versatile capabilities, there are diverse possibilities for stimulating post-PhD careers.

Common PhD graduate roles include teaching professionals, natural and social science professionals, research and development professionals, therapy professionals, and business/administrative professionals. But your options expand far beyond these traditional pathways. Whether you desire to stay in academia, transition to industry, or explore unconventional alternatives, this guide outlines promising directions to take your career after PhD graduation.

Academic Careers

For many, a PhD serves as preparation for an academic career centered on research and teaching. Academic environments allow you to utilize your subject-matter expertise and passion for discovery on a daily basis.

Postdoctoral Positions

After earning a PhD, one of the most common next steps is completing one or more postdoctoral appointments. Postdocs involve temporary research positions usually 1-3 years, under the guidance of senior academics. Postdocs build your skills, network, and publications to boost competitiveness for permanent faculty roles.

Research and Teaching Faculty

With postdoctoral experience, you can attain full-time academic positions like lecturer, professor, or researcher. Faculty spearhead courseloads, pursue grants, publish studies, mentor students, and more. Your PhD equips you to shape minds and advance knowledge within your discipline.

University Leadership

Further along your career, you may transition into academic administration as a dean, provost, or university president. These roles oversee university operations, formulate strategic plans, and represent the institution. Your PhD demonstrates the research background necessary to guide universities.

Research-Focused Careers

For those passionate about research numerous career paths allow you to apply your analytical acumen beyond academia. Your advanced methodological skills combined with deep subject-matter expertise make you an asset to research teams and think tanks.

Research and Development (R&D)

R&D drives innovation in various industries and companies by creating new technologies and products. Fields like engineering, computer science, life sciences, and more hire PhDs to lead complex R&D initiatives.

Government Research

Government entities like the CIA, Census Bureau, NIH, and Department of Defense house research divisions that benefit from PhDs’ expertise. Projects can cover wide-ranging topics from public health to national security.

Think Tanks

Think tanks are organizations that undertake in-depth research on policy issues to advise government, academia, businesses, and the public. PhDs often direct projects and author publications for think tanks.

Science and Health Careers

For PhDs in science, technology, engineering, math (STEM), and health fields, your advanced knowledge equips you for specialized technical roles improving society and lives.

Scientific Research and Consulting

PhDs enter private research firms analyzing chemicals, materials, agricultural products, and more to advance innovation. Consultants apply scientific expertise to advise companies on meeting lab standards, regulations, and safety.

Health Care

With a PhD in fields like microbiology, neuroscience, clinical psychology, and public health, you can take on vital health care roles. Options include epidemiology, lab management, hospital administration, and leading research/technical teams.

Business Careers

While less traditional, PhDs also thrive in business settings by leveraging their analytical abilities and mastery of complex concepts. Companies value PhDs for solving problems with critical thinking.

Data Science and Analytics

With expertise in statistical analysis and computational methods from your PhD research, data science roles allow you to uncover game-changing business insights from vast datasets.

Management Consulting

Strategy consulting firms like McKinsey, Bain, and BCG recruit PhDs to tackle multifaceted business challenges like operations optimization, growth strategy, and risk management.

Investment Banking and Finance

PhDs have the quantitative chops to excel in finance, whether analyzing economic trends, developing trading algorithms and risk models, or advising clients on investments as an advisor or portfolio manager.

Policy and Writing Careers

For PhDs in social sciences and humanities, your advanced writing and analytical skills open doors to careers shaping policy, public perception, and discussion through writing.

Policy Research and Analysis

Government entities hire PhDs to research and evaluate policies on topics like economics, education, transportation, and more to optimize effectiveness and outcomes.

Journalism and Publishing

PhDs are equipped for journalism with training in compelling writing and ability to explain complex issues to general audiences. Options include books, newspapers, magazines, websites, and more.

Also mentioned in research careers, think tanks utilize PhDs in social sciences and humanities for policy-focused writing and advising on domestic/foreign affairs, economics, education, and more.

Entrepreneurship

The critical thinking, perseverance, and passion cultivated during your PhD also prime you for entrepreneurship in wide-ranging fields. Your expertise and research skills give you an edge.

Academic Entrepreneurship

Commercialize your research through academic entrepreneurship. Options include starting spinoff companies, patenting/licensing inventions, or joining startups translating research into real-world tech and products.

Mission-Driven Ventures

Bring your PhD experience to mission-driven startups innovating in areas like health, environment, government services, and more. Lead teams applying technology to benefit society.

Start an independent consulting practice offering your specialized expertise to help companies solve complex problems in your field through strategic advising.

A PhD is incredibly versatile, preparing you for diverse, stimulating careers improving companies, societies, and lives. While academia is a common path, roles in research, science, business, policy, writing, entrepreneurship, and more allow you to apply your advanced expertise. Assess your skills, interests and values to determine the best direction for your post-PhD journey. With an open mind, you can land your dream career capitalizing on your PhD capabilities.

What is a fellowship?

Research fellowships are competitive and prestigious positions. Unlike postdocs, you will be funded to complete your own research project. Some positions will also guarantee a permanent academic role after completion. To successfully achieve a fellowship, you’ll need an interesting and viable research project, a history of academic excellence, and experience in writing successful funding or grant applications.

The other type is a teaching fellowship . These roles are not always for early career academics and will be offered to senior researchers so make sure you check the job description.

Non-academic PhD graduate jobs in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences

If your PhD is in an Arts, Humanities or Social Science (AHSS) discipline, the skills you have to offer differ from STEM PhD holders.

Your aptitudes as a AHSS PhD graduate are likely to be suited for industries where communication skills are necessary. The ability to research and write about complex topics will be in-demand across any number of leading companies and sectors. Also, creative thinking will be highly valued by employers in strategic planning or industries such as marketing.

After a PhD what next? | 6 popular options

What is the next stage after PhD?

What comes after a PhD?

What happens after I get my PhD?

What can I do with a PhD?

Writing, lecturing and advocating a business all help market each other, and doing all three in tandem can help build a stable career with your Ph.D. Gaining a Ph.D. means you gain verified proof of your expertise on a subject. With this expertise, you can become a consultant in your field of study.

What can I do after getting a PhD?

Related: 38 Careers That Require a Doctoral Degree After getting a Ph.D., you have multiple options for what you can do next, including: Once you study and complete a Ph.D., you have expert knowledge in a focused portion of the field. As an expert, you can begin writing publications concerning the industry as an authority in the field.

How can I live a better life after a PhD?

If your goal is to live a better life after attaining your PhD in comparison to the one you had during your research, pick a career path that meets two requirements: Choose something you’re passionate about. Make sure the job is well-suited to your lifestyle. For example, consider three people with the same degree.

What can a postdoc do after a PhD?

A postdoc can be a crucial stepping stone to a successful career after completing a PhD. Find out what they are, what they involve and much more. From communication to time management, you will gain a large variety of transferable skills from completing a PhD. Learn what these are and how to use them in your CV. Life After a PhD: What Can You Do?

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Engineering and Applied Sciences

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You will work toward a degree in one of six subjects— Applied Mathematics ;  Applied Physics ;  Computational Science & Engineering ;  Computer Science ;  Data Science —and Engineering Sciences, which includes Bioengineering , Electrical Engineering , Environmental Science and Engineering , and Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering . SEAS also offers a master's in design engineering jointly with the Harvard Graduate School of Design* and an MS/MBA: Engineering Sciences program ** jointly with Harvard Business School. PhD, SM, and ME students study primarily with SEAS faculty and are enrolled in and receive their degree from the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Harvard Griffin GSAS).

You may also pursue collaborative options through the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics program, which is part of the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , and supplement your studies by cross-registering in other Harvard graduate schools or at MIT.

Graduates of the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have gone on to found their own startups and work at some of the world's largest companies such as Intel, Tesla, Microsoft, Merck, IBM, McKinsey & Company, Amazon, JP Morgan, NASA, Google, and Apple. Others have gone on to academic careers with faculty appointments at MIT, Princeton, Columbia, Yale, Stanford, Imperial College-London, and Harvard.

Additional information on the graduate program is available from the  Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences  (SEAS), and requirements for the degree are detailed in  Policies .

*Prospective students who are interested in the master in design engineering degree program apply through the Harvard Graduate School of Design.

**Prospective students who are interested in the MS/MBA: Engineering Sciences degree program apply through Harvard Business School.​

***Prospective students who are interested in the Quantum Science and Engineering degree apply to Harvard Griffin GSAS through the Quantum Science and Engineering Program. 

Admissions Requirements

Please review the admissions requirements and other information before applying. You can find degree program-specific admissions requirements below and access additional guidance on applying from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).

Academic Background

Applicants typically have bachelor’s degrees in the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, or engineering. In the application for admission, select “Engineering and Applied Sciences” as your degree program choice and your degree and area of interest from the “Area of Study“ drop down. PhD applicants must complete the Supplemental SEAS Application Form as part of the online application process.

Personal Statement

Standardized tests.

GRE General: Not Accepted

AB/SM Program

Harvard College students may apply to the AB/SM program , which enables them to earn a master’s degree in applied mathematics, applied physics, computational science and engineering, computer science, or engineering sciences while simultaneously completing their AB degree. Students interested in applying for the AB/SM should contact the Office of Undergraduate Education at Harvard College about eligibility.

Fall 2025 Admissions Update for the AB/SM Program

Admissions to the AB/SM in Computational Science and Engineering has been paused; the program will not be accepting applications for fall 2025. All other AB/SM programs will be accepting applications.

Special Instructions for Medical Engineering and Medical Physics

If you are also applying to the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics program, please review their admissions instructions . By December 15, you must send a PDF of your completed Harvard Griffin GSAS application to [email protected] .

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A century ago, the radio offered mass entertainment; 50 years later, television replaced it. Today we watch movies on handheld devices. Each evolutionary step was made possible by advances in electrical engineering. The Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering program is filled with students and faculty keenly aware of this cycle of progress. They prize the School of Engineering's emphasis on invention, innovation, and entrepreneurship — what we call i 2 e — and they maintain that emphasis through top-flight laboratories and a fierce dedication to advanced research.

Your studies with us will prepare you for a research career in electrical engineering after graduation. But you’ll also be capable of sharing these lessons with your own students, should you choose to teach at the university level.

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• PhD Careers: What to Do After a PhD?

Deciding what to do after your PhD can be daunting. Whether you're contemplating a career in academia or considering opportunities outside it, you have numerous paths to explore. Completing a PhD is a significant personal and professional achievement, but it's often just the beginning of your journey. The world brims with opportunities for those ready to take the next step, and understanding these paths can help alleviate the uncertainty and stress that many new PhDs face.

In this comprehensive guide, we'll look into varied career avenues, including academic roles and alternative options in various industries. By the end of this article, you should have a clearer understanding of your prospects and be better prepared to make informed decisions about your future.

To help you make the best decision, we also have guides on PhD employability and earnings , and how you can decide if PhD study is worth it .

We've answered some of the most frequently asked questions about PhDs, covering course types, applications, funding and the benefits of further study.

Will a PhD help you get a job or earn a better salary? And what are your career prospects in and outside of academia?

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work as a student or recent graduate in the USA.

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work in Germany as a student or recent graduate in Germany.

Academic careers

If you’re inclined towards academia, you're aspiring to join the ranks of researchers focused on advancing knowledge and educating the next generation. Academic careers are prestigious and intellectually rewarding but often demand a blend of teaching, research, and administrative duties. Your work can shape future generations and contribute to groundbreaking discoveries.

Academic roles and responsibilities

Academics primarily work in universities but can also be found in government-funded research institutes and cultural heritage sites. The core objective is to produce original research while often engaging in teaching and administrative duties.

As an academic, you’ll be expected to publish your research findings, supervise students, and contribute to your academic community through various service roles.

How much do academics earn?

According to official data produced by HESA, in 2021-22 most full-time academics employed by a university in the UK were salaried between £47,419 to £63,668 . The second largest salary range, with just over 33% of academics falling into, was £35,326 to £47,419.

Salaries also vary by department. For example, those in Biological, Mathematical, and Physical Sciences earn between £34,000 and £45,000 , while Humanities and Archaeology academics often earn over £45,000 . These figures showcase the range of earning potential, influenced by experience, field of study, and institutional funding.

Pathways to academia

To become an academic in the UK, a doctoral degree is increasingly essential. Generally, you will need at least an upper second-class undergraduate degree, often followed by a Master’s degree. After your PhD, two main pathways lead to permanent positions:

• Teaching Route : Starting with part-time teaching roles can make you competitive for research or teaching fellowships and eventually, permanent lecture positions. These roles often involve a mix of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, curriculum development, and sometimes even student advisory responsibilities
• Research Route : Alternatively, you could apply for post-doctoral positions (postdocs) to gain valuable experience. Postdocs are temporary research roles typically lasting 1-4 years, under the supervision of an established academic. These positions help strengthen your research profile and often provide opportunities for publishing papers and attending conferences.

Candidates are not always expected to have completed a fellowship to apply for a lectureship. These roles can be obtained after completing a postdoc or teaching experience.

Postdocs and fellowships

Postdocs are excellent for building research and teaching experience. Fellowships, on the other hand, are more competitive and prestigious, allowing you to undertake your own research project—sometimes leading to a permanent role. Fellowships can be a crucial stepping stone to further academic opportunities, offering funding and resources to focus intensely on your research.

Though not mandatory, completing a postdoc or fellowship significantly boosts your employability in academia. These temporary roles help you gain the experience needed to secure permanent positions and build a network within the academic community. Networking is vital, as academic positions are often filled through a combination of formal applications and personal connections.

What is a postdoc?

A postdoc is a temporary funded research position at a university or in industry. Postdocs work under the supervision of a research group or established academic and are considered an employee, unlike PhD students. Some roles will include teaching responsibilities and assistant supervisory roles to students. Responsibilities will also include grant writing, funding applications and administrative duties.

Sometimes postdocs can be referred to as Postdoctoral Research Assistants or Postdoctoral Research Fellows. A postdoc, however, is not the same as a fellowship.

What is a fellowship?

Research fellowships are competitive and prestigious positions. Unlike postdocs, you will be funded to complete your own research project. Some positions will also guarantee a permanent academic role after completion. To successfully achieve a fellowship, you’ll need an interesting and viable research project, a history of academic excellence, and experience in writing successful funding or grant applications.

The other type is a teaching fellowship . These roles are not always for early career academics and will be offered to senior researchers so make sure you check the job description.

Do you need a postdoc or fellowship to work in academia?

Technically you do not need to have completed a postdoc or fellowship to work in academia, but it is becoming increasingly expected.

Employment in academia is more competitive each year as the number of PhDs rewarded is increasing, whereas the available permanent academic positions are not. The experience gained from completing one or more temporary positions can help you increase the competitiveness of your CV, make connections and build a positive reputation within the academic community.

Permanent positions

To secure a permanent role, you'll generally start with a lectureship, an entry-level position requiring teaching, research, and administrative duties. After successfully navigating a probationary period (usually three to four years), you might be promoted to Senior Lecturer, Reader, or even Professor, based on the evidence of your contributions and progression. Each upward step typically brings higher responsibilities, leadership opportunities, and an increase in salary.

In the UK, tenure, as understood in North America, doesn't typically apply. However, academics in permanent roles receive standard employment protections. Instead of tenure, UK academics undergo periodic reviews to ensure continued performance and contribution to the institution.

Non-academic careers

Choosing to step outside academia after your PhD opens numerous opportunities. According to the Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI), over 70% of PhD holders are not working in academia three and a half years after their graduation. This statistic highlights the diverse range of career paths available to PhDs outside of the traditional academic route.

Transferable skills

A PhD equips you with a range of transferable skills that are highly valued in various industries. From analytical thinking and project management to excellent written communication, your PhD experience sets you apart from Bachelors and Masters graduates. Skills such as problem-solving, data analysis, and independent research can make you an attractive candidate in many fields.

Industry examples

Here's how your PhD can translate into various industries:

• A PhD in the Arts and Humanities demonstrates excellent written communication, presentation skills, creativity and analytical thinking. You may be suited to work for jobs in the Publishing industry , Digital Marketing or Civil Service .
• A PhD in Biological and Medical Sciences builds specialist subject knowledge, data proficiency and collaborative skills. This will compliment work in industries such as Pharmaceuticals , Genomics or Clinical Care .
• A PhD in Business and Finance will help build organisational and data experience that could benefit careers in Accountancy , Data Science or Consultancy .
• A PhD in Chemical Sciences will provide you with laboratory skills and an advanced understanding of chemistry needed to benefit jobs in Chemical Engineering , Industrial Chemistry and Food Technology .
• A PhD in Earth Sciences could set graduates up for careers in Construction , Environmental Protection or Mineral Surveying , utilising analytical skills and strong subject knowledge.
• PhDs in Engineering have a strong emphasis on project management and practical construction. This could aid jobs in Management Consultancy and Finance as well as more practical fields such as Aeronautics .
• The specialist knowledge gained from a PhD in Law can enable students to comfortably enter industries such as Investment . Additionally, soft skills gained in communication will help in careers such as Teaching or Public Engagement .
• A PhD in Maths and Computing could benefit jobs in Finance , Investment or Web Development , complimenting skills in logic, problem solving and data.
• A PhD in the Physical Sciences demonstrates experience with software and data. This could set graduates up to work in Software Engineering , Data Science or even Sound Engineering .
• A PhD in Social Science and Health requires a deep understanding of human society on a macro or micro level. Graduates may find themselves working in Epidemiology , Public Health or Social Work .

You may be inclined to apply for jobs relating to the subject of your research or previous studies. But a PhD is a versatile enough qualification that you can often look outside your discipline area.

Making the transition

You should invest some time during your PhD for personal and professional development (this is true if you want to stay in academia too!).

Even if you attend none of the formal training courses offered by your department, your PhD itself will provide you with many skills. When leaving academia, you'll need to translate your skills so they make sense to the industry and commercial employers. Think outside the box and take stock of what you are good at or have experience in.

Some translation examples include:

• The dissertation shows you're capable of presenting and organising large amounts of information.
• Having published papers shows you can communicate information across a range of formats.
• If you did interviews for your PhD project, you might graduate with skills in questionnaire design, sensitivity and data analysis.

There’s always a way to link your academic experience to the commercial world. Be prepared to do this in any upcoming job interviews.

It’s also a good idea to move away from the long, multiple page academic CV that you might be used to. Employers won’t read them. They also won’t be interested in scanning a lengthy list of articles. Instead, you should mention that you’ve had several publications without detailing every instance.

Want to find out more about PhD careers?

Check out our guide to PhD employability and earnings . Then, head to our course listings to find your perfect PhD opportunity .

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What to Do After Your PhD? Post PhD Career Guide

Navigate the post-PhD career landscape with our comprehensive guide. Explore diverse career options, develop essential skills, and make informed decisions for a fulfilling career beyond academia.

Derek Pankaew

Jun 13, 2024

Congratulations on reaching this significant milestone in your academic journey! Completing a doctoral degree is a remarkable achievement that opens up a world of possibilities for PhD graduates, including postdoctoral positions, industry roles, and entrepreneurship. However, as you transition from the world of academia to the professional realm, it’s natural to feel uncertain about what steps to take next. This blog post is designed to serve as your comprehensive guide to navigating the post-PhD landscape and exploring the diverse array of career opportunities available to you.

Self-Assessment and Reflection for PhD Students

Self-assessment is a critical first step for PhD graduates considering their next career moves. Reflecting on your skills, interests, and values will help you identify the best career path for your individual circumstances.

Identify Your Strengths and Weaknesses

Reflect on your strengths and weaknesses, as well as any areas of expertise you have developed through your research projects and academic pursuits. Taking proactive steps in shaping your own career is crucial for long-term success.

Example: Consider whether you enjoy teaching and mentoring others, conducting research, working in a team, or leading projects. Reflect on whether you prefer a structured environment like academia or a more dynamic setting like industry.

Assess Your Career Interests

Understanding what excites and motivates you is essential. Are you passionate about data science, project management, software engineering, science journalism, digital marketing, education , public health, or industrial chemistry? These fields offer diverse career opportunities for PhD holders.

Example: Reach out to professionals working in different fields to learn more about their career paths and day-to-day responsibilities. Attend industry-specific events or workshops to gain insights into different sectors and job opportunities. Remember that not every PhD student continues in academia, and there are diverse career paths available.

Exploring Career Options for PhD Graduates

PhD graduates have a wide array of career options available to them, both within academia and beyond the university itself. It is crucial to explore these options thoroughly to make an informed decision about your future .

Academic Career Paths

If you are considering an academic career, postdoctoral positions, adjunct faculty roles, and assistant professor positions are common pathways. Academic jobs often require a comprehensive and lengthy academic CV, showcasing your research projects, publications, and teaching experience.

Example: Apply for postdoc positions in research institutions or universities where your expertise can be further developed. Networking with senior researchers and attending academic conferences can also provide valuable opportunities.

Industry Career Paths

Beyond academia, many PhD graduates find fulfilling careers in industry roles. Fields such as data science, project management, software engineering, finance and digital marketing are particularly welcoming to PhD holders due to their strong analytical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Example: Explore roles in the public sector, commercial employers, and the publishing industry . Positions in industrial chemistry, public health, social sciences and intellectual property are also viable options for PhD graduates.

Entrepreneurship and Starting Your Own Business

For those interested in entrepreneurship, starting your own business can be a rewarding path. Your expertise and skills developed during your PhD can be valuable assets in launching a successful venture.

Example: Consider leveraging your research knowledge to develop innovative products or services. Seek mentorship from successful entrepreneurs and join startup incubators to gain valuable insights and support.

Networking and Building Connections for Early Career Researchers

Networking is a vital component of career development for early career researchers. Building a strong professional network can open up job opportunities, collaborations, and support throughout your career journey.

Attend Professional Events

Attend conferences, seminars, and networking events both within and outside academia to expand your professional network. Engaging with peers, mentors, and industry professionals through online platforms such as LinkedIn, Twitter, and professional networking groups can also be beneficial.

Example: Connect with alumni from your graduate school who have transitioned into various careers. Join professional organizations related to your field of interest and participate in online forums or discussion groups to engage with industry professionals.

Engage with Research Groups

Joining or leading a research project or group can provide valuable support and guidance. Engaging with a research group can help you develop and implement research projects effectively and connect with other researchers and professionals in your field.

Example: Participate in collaborative research projects and seek opportunities to present your work at conferences. These activities can enhance your visibility and reputation within your academic and professional communities.

Gaining Experience and Skill Development

Practical experience and skill development are crucial for PhD graduates transitioning into new career paths. Seek out opportunities to gain hands-on experience through internships, fellowships, or freelance projects.

Develop Transferable Skills

Transferable skills such as data analysis, project management, communication skills, and analytical thinking are highly valued across various industries. Enhancing these skills can significantly contribute to your career development.

Example: Volunteer to take on leadership roles in professional organizations or community projects. Enroll in online courses or workshops to develop new skills or enhance existing ones relevant to your desired career path.

Gain Industry-Specific Experience

Hands-on experience in your chosen field can make you a more competitive candidate. Internships, fellowships, and freelance projects are excellent ways to gain practical experience and build a robust professional portfolio.

Example: Apply for internships or fellowships in companies or organizations related to your field of interest. Freelance projects can also provide valuable experience and help you build a network of professional contacts.

Crafting Application Materials

Tailoring your application materials is essential when applying for positions, whether in academia or industry. Highlight your research projects, academic achievements, and relevant skills for each academic position you apply to.

Academic CVs and Resumes

Academic CVs should emphasize your research projects, publications, teaching experience, and any awards or recognitions. For industry positions, focus on demonstrating your transferable skills, such as problem-solving, teamwork, and communication abilities.

Example: Provide specific examples of projects you’ve led or contributed to during your PhD that demonstrate your skills and expertise. Highlight any publications, presentations, or awards you’ve received related to your research.

Cover Letters

Your cover letter should complement your CV or resume by providing context to your achievements and explaining your interest in the position. Tailor each cover letter to the specific job and company, emphasizing how your background and skills make you a suitable candidate.

Example: Use the cover letter to explain how your academic background has prepared you for various career paths and challenges. Highlight your ability to tackle complex problems and work in teams.

Interview Preparation

Preparing for interviews is a critical step in the job application process. Research the company or organization thoroughly, familiarizing yourself with their mission, values, and recent projects or initiatives.

Practice Common Interview Questions

Practice answering common interview questions, focusing on articulating your research expertise, problem-solving abilities, and analytical thinking skills. Highlight your transferable skills and how they apply to the role you are interviewing for.

Example: Use the STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) method to structure your responses to behavioral interview questions. Prepare a list of questions to ask the interviewer that demonstrate your interest in the role and organization.

Mock Interviews

Participate in mock interviews to build confidence and improve your interview skills. Seek feedback from peers, mentors, or career advisors to identify areas for improvement.

Example: Schedule mock interviews with colleagues or use online resources to simulate the interview experience. Practicing in a realistic setting can help you perform better in actual interviews.

Making Decisions and Taking Action

Evaluating job offers and career opportunities involves considering various factors such as job stability, salary, benefits, location, and alignment with your long-term career goals.

Evaluate Job Offers

PhD graduates often find diverse opportunities in postdoctoral positions, industry roles, and entrepreneurship. Each path has its own advantages and challenges, so it’s essential to evaluate each offer carefully.

Example: Create a pros and cons list for each job opportunity you’re considering to help weigh the decision. Consider factors such as job stability, salary, benefits, location, and alignment with your long-term career goals.

Seek Advice and Support

Consider seeking advice from mentors, peers, and career advisors to gain additional perspective and insights. Talking to those who have gone through similar transitions can provide valuable guidance and support.

Example: Schedule informational interviews with professionals working in your desired field to learn more about their career paths and experiences. Mentors can offer valuable advice and help you navigate the decision-making process.

Completing a PhD is a significant accomplishment that opens up a world of possibilities for your future career. By engaging in self-assessment, exploring diverse career options, networking, gaining experience and skills, crafting effective application materials, preparing for interviews, and making informed decisions, you can successfully navigate the post-PhD job search process and embark on a rewarding career path.

Remember that the journey to finding your post-PhD career may be challenging at times, but with perseverance, determination, and a proactive approach, you can achieve your goals and build a fulfilling career that aligns with your interests, values, and aspirations in life. Best of luck on your post-PhD career journey!

Additionally, consider the benefits of joining or leading a research group, as it can provide young researchers with valuable support, networking opportunities, and guidance from senior academics. Engaging with your professional community and staying proactive in your career development will help you transition successfully from academia to your next professional chapter.

Additional Tips

• Stay Updated with Industry Trends: Keeping up with the latest trends and developments in your field can give you a competitive edge in the job market.
• Build an Online Presence: Creating a professional profile on platforms like LinkedIn can help you connect with potential employers and showcase your expertise.
• Consider Short-Term Projects: Freelance projects or consulting work can provide valuable experience and help you transition smoothly into a new career path.
• Seek Funding Opportunities: Applying for grants and funding can support your research projects and enhance your academic CV, making you a more attractive candidate for academic positions.
• Develop Soft Skills: Communication, teamwork, and leadership skills are crucial in any career.

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Home  |  Graduate Admissions  |  PhD Admissions

PhD Programs Admissions

Ready to apply to Dartmouth's engineering  PhD , the  PhD-Innovation (PhD-I) Program , the PhD in Medical Physics , or the PhD-MD ? To help students prepare a strong application, this page provides important information about the admissions process, including deadlines, eligibility requirements, and application and financial aid instructions.

PhD students typically enter with full support from either a Graduate Research Assistantship (GRA) or an external fellowship. Explore general PhD expenses and cost of tuition to consider for all PhD programs and learn about additional financial aid, fellowship, and grant opportunities .

Start Your Application

On This Page

PhD Application Process

Phd innovation (phd-i) program application process, phd in medical physics application process, md-phd application process, application deadlines.

December 15

Fall term admission priority deadline; applications are accepted on a rolling basis after December 15

At least two terms prior to admission

Winter, Spring, or Summer term admission deadline

Required Application Materials

The following instructions are a guide for completing the application for the PhD program at Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth (Dartmouth Engineering).

PhD+PhD-I : New students interested in the PhD Innovation (PhD-I) Program can apply to both the PhD and PhD-I within the same application. Follow the PhD process outlined below , and submit the additional required materials for the PhD-I.

Please read the following instructions carefully. Only complete applications will be considered for admission.

Online Application

Applicants must complete the application for admission online. It is not necessary to send us a hard copy. Online applications open August 1 of each year.

Updating Your Materials

Your test scores and mailing address can be updated at any time through your application status page. After submission, other components (resume, statement of purpose, essays, etc.) cannot be updated. Please be sure you have entered the most accurate information at the time of submission. Due to the volume of applications received, we cannot update these materials after submission.

Acknowledgement

After submission, you will receive an email acknowledgement through the application system.

Application Status

To see the status of your application, visit your online application status page. Please note that it may take a few days for application materials to be processed.

Application materials and supporting documents become the property of the Admissions Committee and are not returnable.

General Policies

False Statements/Materials: If a candidate for admission to Dartmouth makes a false statement or submits falsified material in connection with his or her application, and the misrepresentation is discovered after the candidate has been admitted, the offer of admission ordinarily will be withdrawn. If the misrepresentation is discovered after a student arrives on campus or at any time during their enrollment, the student will be subject to loss of credits earned and disciplinary action that could include separation from the College. If the discovery occurs after a degree has been awarded, the degree normally will be rescinded.

Equal Opportunity: Dartmouth Engineering actively supports equal opportunity for all persons regardless of race or ethnic background. No student will be denied admission or be otherwise discriminated against because of sex, handicap, religion, sexual orientation, race, color, or national origin.

Security and Fire Safety Report: Dartmouth prepares an annual Security and Fire Safety Report which is available to all current and prospective employees and students. The report includes statistics of reported crimes that have occurred on campus, in certain off-campus buildings, or on property owned or controlled by Dartmouth, and on public property within, or immediately adjacent to and accessible from, the campus as well as reported fires occurring in residential facilities. The report also includes institutional policies concerning campus security, such as policies concerning sexual assault, fire safety, and other matters. You may obtain a copy of this report by contacting the Director of Safety and Security and the College Proctor at +1 (603) 646-4000.

Application Fee

A non-refundable application fee of $75 is required of all applicants, except for Dartmouth College or Dartmouth Engineering students and alumni. The fee must be paid by credit card. Applications will not be processed until this fee is received.

Application Fee Waiver

Applicants may be eligible for a fee waiver based on one or more of the criteria below. Fee waivers will be automatically applied to qualifying applications once an application has been started for a Dartmouth Engineering program. Receiving a fee waiver will not affect your application during the review process.

• Fellowship Program Affiliation: Are a current member of an established fellowship program (eg. McNair Scholars Program, NSF, DOE, DOD, NASA, GEM).
• Military Service: Are a current or former member of the United States Armed Forces.
• Dartmouth Affiliation: Are a current Dartmouth student or alumnus/alumna.
• Dartmouth Recruiting Event: Have attended a Dartmouth admissions or recruiting event hosted by the Thayer School of Engineering, including professional conferences or virtual information sessions.

Letters of Recommendation

Three (3) letters of recommendation must be completed and submitted online directly by your recommenders . Please have your recommenders complete the evaluation form that will be emailed to them and submit a signed letter on their official institutional letterhead. If your recommender’s company or institution has a policy against letterhead they must provide a copy of this policy with the recommendation letter.

Letters of recommendation should ideally come from your college professors using their official school email address. Applicants with work or military experience or currently in another graduate program should submit a recommendation from their immediate supervisor, a current or former employer, or someone who knows them well through some other professional or community activity.

Academic Transcripts

All applicants are required to submit academic transcripts from each undergraduate or graduate institution from which you obtained your degrees (eg. your bachelor’s degrees or other advanced degrees.)

You may scan and upload a copy of your academic transcript (not diploma) issued by the institution(s) from which you obtained your undergraduate degree(s) and any advanced/graduate degree(s) directly to the online application.

For grading scales other than 4.0 grading scales: Please include documentation indicating the scale.

Applicants with international transcripts are strongly encouraged to submit a transcript evaluation using a course-by-course evaluation accredited by Naces with their Dartmouth Engineering application. Recommended companies integrated with Dartmouth's application system:

Non-degree coursework: If you attended institutions other than those from which your degree(s) were granted, you are required to scan and upload your academic transcripts from these institutions (transfer coursework, domestic or study-abroad programs, postgraduate non-degree coursework, etc.).

If you have more than three undergraduate transcripts or three graduate transcripts to upload, please combine them by uploading a file that contains more than one transcript.

• Scan BOTH sides of your transcript (provided the second side is not blank).
• Depending on the scanner and software, you may either insert individual images (.jpg) into a single word processing document for upload, OR if your software produces a .pdf, simply upload that file.
• The file must be less than 1 MB, in a standard format, WITHOUT password protection or macros. Any of these problems will cause the upload process to fail.
• A diploma is not a transcript.

If you upload a scanned copy of your transcript, you do not need to send a hard copy. The scanned copy fulfills the requirement for the application process. Upon admission, you will be required to supply an official hard copy of your transcript.

Admitted students: If admitted, you will be required to request that ONE official, original hardcopy transcript mailed to Dartmouth Engineering (mailing address below) directly from each college and/or university you have attended in a signed, sealed envelope. We will accept a transcript via email if that is your prior institution’s method of transcript delivery.

International applicants must make arrangements to have their academic records translated and sent along with originals. Where American-style transcripts are not used, the applicant must include all available records including courses, grades, degrees, and rank-in-class. The appropriate university officials must certify these records. Evaluations from WES (World Education Services) can be used instead of official transcripts, but they must be sent directly to Thayer by the evaluation service provider, and they must include a copy of the official transcripts that were evaluated.

Upon admission, supporting materials such as transcripts should be mailed to:

Graduate Admissions Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth 15 Thayer Drive Hanover, NH 03755

Supplemental Form: Research Area, Identifying Faculty, Statement of Purpose/Essay & CV/Resume

Research Area: Engineering PhD students typically are funded through a professor’s sponsored research or a fellowship. Students interested in applying to the PhD program are encouraged to reach out to individual faculty members to discuss potential projects.

Through the PhD program, students may elect one of the six program areas to be reflected as a "concentration." In the application, you will be prompted to select which track you are interested in pursuing. Applicants should indicate all areas of interest in order to be considered for the widest possible range of opportunities. Students can switch program areas after starting the program.

Identifying Dartmouth Engineering faculty members of interest : The supplemental form of the application will be used to match your area(s) to those of faculty or to determine your focus. You must select at least one and may choose up to three faculty from the drop-down list in the application.

Fill this out carefully and list your top faculty interest first. We strongly encourage you to review research by program areas and contact Dartmouth Engineering faculty for an initial conversation about research opportunities.

Statement of Purpose/Essay: You will be prompted to write a brief essay describing your research interests and career goals and the reasons you wish to pursue graduate studies at Dartmouth. Include any information that does not appear elsewhere that will help us evaluate your application. If possible, keep your essay to 1–2 pages.

CV/Resume: Upload your most recent CV or resume.

Optional Essay: Dartmouth Engineering is committed to a climate that acknowledges and embraces diversity of perspectives and backgrounds, supporting a culture that fosters inclusion and actively pursues equity. In this optional essay, applicants are encouraged to share how their personal perspectives and unique life experiences will contribute to Dartmouth and the Dartmouth Engineering community.

TOEFL, IELTS, or Duolingo (International Applicants)

Non-US citizens must submit language proficiency test scores, with the exception of those who are earning or have earned a degree from institutions in the US or Canada, or who are from the following countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ghana, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Slovenia, and Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the US.

For all graduate programs, Dartmouth Engineering accepts the following English proficiency tests: TOEFL , IELTS , and Duolingo . During the application process, self-reported scores are acceptable. However, once admitted, students will be required to submit official test results directly from the testing organization.

The ETS code for Thayer School is 3360.

GREs (optional)

GREs are optional for all Dartmouth Engineering graduate programs. If you would like to include GRE scores to give the admissions committee a better understanding of your qualifications, we accept self-reported scores at the time of application. If you enter self-reported scores, you will be required to provide official scores if admitted. Visit the ETS website and use code 3360.

Eligibility Requirements

The foundation for doctoral engineering degree work is undergraduate preparation in science, mathematics, and engineering principles. Applicants must hold a bachelor's or master's degree to be considered for the program, although a master’s degree is not required. Students admitted to the program who are not prepared to complete the first-year requirements are advised to enter the MS program and petition to be admitted to the PhD program. Students who have prior graduate training may be considered for advancement to candidacy after completing one or two terms of the first-year doctoral program.

International Students

Language proficiency test scores are required for non-US citizens, with the exception of those who are earning or have earned a degree from institutions in the US or Canada, or who are from the following countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ghana, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Slovenia, and Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the US.

While all applications are looked at holistically, we recommend the following score ranges:

• TOEFL scores of 100 or higher
• IELTS scores of 6.5 or higher
• Duolingo scores of 135 or higher

Dartmouth Engineering initiates the visa process. For information about the visa and immigration process, visit Dartmouth's Office of Visa and Immigration Services .

Part-Time Students

The PhD program can also be undertaken part-time: students interested in this option should contact the Senior Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Programs .

Graduate Admissions Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth 15 Thayer Drive, Hanover, NH 03755 [email protected]

PhD Program

Learn about requirements, funding, expenses, and more.

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Graduate Student Resources

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Admission to this program is determined by a committee consisting of the Dean of Dartmouth Engineering or the Director of the Program (Professor Eric Fossum ), and members of the faculty, drawn from those serving on the Program Advisory Board.

Review PhD-I Program funding comparisons

Application Timeline

application deadline

January/ Early February

presentations via Zoom

Mid-February

decisions and notifications

candidate acceptance deadline

The PhD Innovation (PhD-I) Program welcomes applicants who are in the process of applying to Dartmouth Engineering's PhD program, as well as applicants who are already enrolled in Dartmouth Engineering's PhD program. The application process differs slightly for each group, and is outlined below. Please read the following instructions carefully. Only complete applications will be considered for admission.

Students applying to Dartmouth Engineering's PhD program

Students not already enrolled in a Dartmouth Engineering PhD program must submit all required materials for the PhD program listed above in addition to the following:

When completing the online application, check the box indicating "Innovation Program" interest on the program information page of the application.

On the PhD Supplemental Form of the online application, you will be prompted to submit the following two essays for the PhD-I Program, in addition to the materials required for the main PhD program.

Statement on PhD-I Program Interest (two-pages max): Submit a statement specific to the PhD-I Program that addresses the following:

• Reasons for interest in the PhD-I Program
• Why the program is relevant to your long-term career goals
• An example demonstrating creativity in arriving at a solution

Statement on Broad Technology Development Problem (two-pages max): Describe an example of a broad technology development problem that interests you. It should be written in the general form of a proposal for funding. Specify one or two potential Dartmouth Engineering faculty advisors for your proposed work (prior contact with those faculty members by email is recommended).

Current students already enrolled in a Dartmouth Engineering PhD program

Current students already enrolled in a Dartmouth Engineering PhD program must assemble the following materials and submit them via email at [email protected] to apply.

• Letter of recommendation from your thesis advisor. This should be submitted directly from your advisor to [email protected] .
• Current CV/resume.
• reasons for interest in the PhD-I Program
• why the program is relevant to your long-term career goals
• an example demonstrating creativity in arriving at a solution
• Statement (two-pages max) describing an example of a broad technology development problem that interests you. This should be written in the general form of a proposal for funding.
• Combine your CV/resume and two statements into a single .pdf file.
• Label the file following this format: LastNameFirstName_Innovation.pdf
• Email the .pdf as an attachment to: [email protected]

Eligibility

Applicants must meet all prerequisites and requirements for the standard PhD degree program . New PhD applicants, as well as current Dartmouth Engineering PhD and MD-PhD students are eligible to apply to the PhD Innovation (PhD-I) Program. Current students are advised to consult with their faculty advisor and Professor Eric Fossum , Director of the PhD-I Program, prior to applying.

General Program Questions

Jessica Moody PhD Innovation Program Coordinator [email protected]

Admissions Questions

[email protected]

The PhD and Certificate Program in Medical Physics welcomes applicants who are currently in the process of applying to Dartmouth Engineering's PhD program, as well as applicants who are currently enrolled in Dartmouth Engineering's PhD program, or any of the physical science PhD programs at Dartmouth. The application process differs slightly for each group. Please read the application instructions carefully. Only complete applications will be considered for admission.

Learn how to apply

Start your PhD in Medical Physics Application

David J. Gladstone Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Professor of Engineering, and PhD and Certificate Program in Medical Physics Program Director [email protected]

Students must apply to the Dartmouth Engineering PhD program through the process outlined above , indicating their specific interests on their online application, as well as to Geisel School of Medicine .

Learn about the MD-PhD program

Start Your MD-PhD Application

Civil and Environmental Engineering

• Graduate programs
• Ph.D. programs

Ph.D. in Civil and Environmental Engineering

• Ph.D. in CEE/EPP

Meet with an advisor

Request more information

Ph.D. costs & funding

Through advanced coursework tailored to your interests, hands-on research projects with world-renowned faculty mentors, and interdisciplinary collaboration, our Doctor of Philosophy in Civil and Environmental Engineering degree deepens your understanding of key concepts and methodologies while tackling real-world challenges.

Our supportive community of scholars, researchers, and innovators ensures you have the guidance, resources, and support needed to thrive academically and professionally. Whether your goal is academia, industry, or government, a Ph.D. from CEE equips you to become a leader in your field, driving meaningful change and shaping a resilient future. 

Program structure

Direct entry.

Direct entry Ph.D. students holding an undergraduate degree in engineering or a related technical field from an accredited institution can apply directly for the program. Direct entry students can complete the requirements for the M.S. degree before beginning Ph.D. studies.

Advanced entry 

If you already hold a master’s degree in engineering or a related technical field, you may enter the program as an advanced entry student and begin your PhD studies immediately.

Length of program

Typically, your Ph.D. will require at least four years of graduate study beyond your B.S. degree or three years beyond your M.S. degree. This duration allows you to deeply engage in research, advanced coursework, and comprehensive examinations.

Course requirements

We offer flexibility in our curriculum to accommodate diverse research interests. There are no formal course requirements for your Ph.D. program, though most students choose to take relevant courses that align with their chosen focus area . These courses can help you prepare for your qualifying comprehensive exam and enhance your knowledge base in your research field.

Our program encourages you to be independent and creative in your research. While much of the research is faculty-led, you are encouraged to think independently about your research questions and approaches. We foster an environment where you can collaborate with faculty on existing research projects or propose new research directions.

As part of the qualification process, you will assemble a doctoral committee that will provide guidance and support from the initial thesis proposal stage all the way through to your thesis defense.

PhD in Mechanical Engineering

Program sites.

• Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering PhD candidates are leaders in research and education in academia and industry—they carry with them a strong network of peers built during their graduate studies. Students can enter the program directly after completing a bachelors degree, and earn a masters degree along the way or enter after completing a masters degree.

Degree Type

At Boston University, our Mechanical Engineering PhD candidates have the opportunity to study and research in a broad range of areas within the exciting field of mechanical engineering. We challenge our students to reach their potential as they create new knowledge and innovative solutions to pressing societal problems of today (and tomorrow). Our PhD students work closely with our faculty at the forefront of theoretical, computational, or experimental research in Robotics, Mechanics of Bio/Soft Materials, Sustainable Energies, and Space Technologies, among other inspiring areas of research.

EXPLORE OUR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AREAS

We believe in the importance of strong community and create abundant opportunities for our students to collaborate and socialize with each other beyond the traditional boundaries of research areas and lab groups. Graduate socials, both formal and informal, a college-wide Student Association of Graduate Engineers, and an overarching culture of interdisciplinary research enrich the professional and extracurricular pursuits of our students. Beyond the BU campus, Boston provides a high-tech research community where external collaborations with industry, government and other universities are common. Moreover, the PhD experience also includes opportunities to present your work at conferences around the world, providing opportunities to network with peers around the globe.

VIEW OUR CALENDAR OF UPCOMING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EVENTS

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

• All PhD students take a course covering basic teaching methods and philosophies and are required to satisfy a teaching practicum for a minimum of two semesters.
• Our post-master’s PhD candidates have no structured course requirements but they are required to complete 32 credits applicable to the degree at a 500 level or higher.
• Post-bachelor’s doctoral students are awarded MS degrees upon completion of the 32 credit hours of structured coursework and the PhD Prospectus Exam.
• PhD students must satisfy a residency requirement of at least two consecutive academic-year semesters of full-time graduate study at Boston University.
• Doctoral students must maintain a cumulative GPA of 3.00 to remain in good academic standing and to graduate. All graduate courses are counted in the GPA. Only grades of “B-” or better fulfill PhD curricular requirements.

EXTERNAL FELLOWSHIPS

The College of Engineering (ENG) is committed to five full years of financial support for graduate students in the ENG PhD program who maintain satisfactory academic progress. Entering PhD students are fully funded in their first year. During the first year, incoming PhD students must pursue research and funding discussions with the research faculty. At the end of the first academic year, PhD students must move to RA funding, while others continue on their external fellowship if applicable.

The Mechanical Engineering faculty are willing to work with students to develop the necessary research statements for these types of fellowships. Many of these are due in December or January. Thus they are more feasible for students who are already studying in our program.

Specific information for international students

Financing your Education

View the PhD profile here

Please contact us if you have further questions. We would love to hear from you!

How to Apply

We offer admission into the ph.d. degree in the following areas:.

• Applied Mathematics
• Applied Physics
• Computer Science
• ​​​​​ Bioengineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Environmental Science and Engineering
• Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering

​​​ ​​​ *Note we do not offer admission into masters degree programs in these areas.

We offer admission into a terminal masters degree in the following areas:

• Data Science  (S.M.) 
• Computational Science and Engineering  (S.M. or M.E.)
• Master in Design Engineering  (M.D.E.) (joint with  Harvard Graduate School of Design )
• MS/MBA: Engineering Sciences (joint with Harvard Business School)

Application Process and Requirements  

All prospective graduate students to our Ph.D., M.E., S.M., and A.B./S.M. programs apply to the School of Engineering through the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin  Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) .

Students interested in the Master in Design Engineering with the Harvard Graduate School of Design will find information about applying to that program  here .

Students interested in the MS/MBA: Engineering Sciences program offered jointly with Harvard Business School will find information about applying to that program  here. Students with bachelor's degrees in the natural or quantitative sciences, mathematics, computer science, or engineering are invited to apply.

All students begin graduate study in the fall term only. 

What does the application require?

• Completed  application form  submitted by the appropriate application deadline (Dec.1st for masters applicants;  December 15th for Ph.D. applicants)
• Statement of Purpose: describe your future research interests, how they relate to your classroom and/or research experience, and which labs at SEAS you're most excited about.  Your statement should be no longer than 1,000 words.
• Personal Statement:Please share how your experiences or activities will advance our mission and commitment to sustain a welcoming, supportive, and inclusive environment  (full text of prompt can be found in the application).  No longer than 500 words.
• Three letters of recommendation submitted electronically
• Transcripts; please upload copies of all transcripts to the Academic Background section of the online application; unofficial copies are acceptable. 
• C.V. or Resume
• SEAS does not accept General GRE scores nor Subject Test GRE scores for applicants to our Ph.D. programs.  Applicants to these programs should not submit official or unofficial GRE scores to us nor mention them anywhere in their application materials.  
• SEAS does not accept General GRE scores nor Subject Test GRE scores for applicants to our masters degree programs in Computational Science & Engineering and Data Science.   Applicants to these programs should not submit official or unofficial GRE scores to us nor mention them anywhere in their application materials.  
• Either the GRE or GMAT is required for applicants applying to the Master of Design Engineering or the MS/MBA: Engineering Sciences programs.   The applications for these programs are available via the Graduate School of Design or Harvard Business School, respectively. 
• If required, an official  TOEFL  or  IELTS  score report. The school code to use to submit your TOEFL score is 3451.  *TOEFL or IELTS scores are required for applicants whose native language is other than English and who do not hold a Bachelor degree or its equivalent from an institution at which English is the language of instruction.  The score must be valid at the time of entry into the program.   Note that a masters degree from an English-speaking institution does not meet this requirement.   
• The application fee of $105.00. Should you want to request a fee waiver from Harvard Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, you may do so in the fee section of the application.

Please list only SEAS ladder faculty on the application.  "Affiliate faculty" cannot admit PhD students.  There are many SEAS ladder faculty with formal joint appointments in other Harvard Griffin GSAS departments, like Physics and Earth and Planetary Sciences.  These faculty can serve as primary research advisors to SEAS students.   A complete list of the SEAS ladder faculty can be found  here - filter for "primary graduate advisors" once you're on this page. 

We do not require an interview as part of the application process and we cannot offer applicants the opportunity for an in-person interview with the admissions staff.  Attending a Ph.D. or Masters Programs admissions information session is the best way to have your questions answered.   More information about our information sessions that will be held in the Fall can be found  here.

We require electronic submission of the entire application, including letters of recommendation and transcripts.  Please do not send us any hard copy materials.

Admissions Timeline for Ph.D., M.E., S.M., and A.B./S.M. Programs  (Note: The  Master in Design Engineering  and the  MS/MBA: Engineering Sciences  have different deadlines and timetables.) Please note:   The application deadline for applicants to our masters programs (S.M., M.E., and AB-SM) is earlier than the application deadline for applicants to our Ph.D. program.    Applicants to our S.M., M.E., and AB-SM masters programs must apply by December 1, 2024.  Applicants to our Ph.D. program   must apply by December 15, 2024 .   We do not accept late applications to any of our programs.

• Whiting School of Engineering
• Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

• Johns Hopkins Biomedical Engineering

PhD Program

Students in the biomedical engineering PhD program at Johns Hopkins will push the boundaries of scientific discovery alongside leading clinicians and researchers by developing and applying new technologies to understand, diagnose, and treat disease.

The BME PhD Program is Home to a Wide Diversity of Students

• 42% Female (of the students who matriculated in the last four years)
• 27% Identify as having a disability or chronic condition
• 25% Identify as LGBTQ
• 21% Identify with underrepresented racial or ethnic groups

Program Information

• Degree Requirements
• Research Opportunities
• MD-PhD Program
• Training Grants

Program News

Alumni Spotlight

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PhD after BTech

• Updated on  
• Apr 4, 2023

Pursuing a PhD after Btech is for those who have figured early out the answer to “ What to do after BTech? ”. A doctoral degree helps candidates discover advanced-level research opportunities after completing a Bachelor of Technology (BTech) program through the integrated or combined PhD route rather than completing a master’s degree and then applying for a doctoral program. Pursuing a PhD program, individuals can work under professors at universities and organisations that demand research scientists, and associates, amongst others for various projects. Here is a detailed guide on the various aspects of how you can pursue a PhD after BTech and delve deeper into the field of Research directly after graduation.

This Blog Includes:

Overview of combined/integrated master’s and phd, phd after btech: routes of applying, phd after btech: how to apply, background & gpa requirements, how to do phd after btech, phd after btech abroad, eligibility for phd after btech  , colleges offering phd after btech in india.

• What Next After BTech?
• Why MBA after BTech?

In many universities, professors encourage students to pursue research by providing them with necessary exploratory tools and techniques. Further, integrated MS/PhD degree programs are also offered by many academic institutions and these courses have a comprehensive research-oriented curriculum and are designed with flexible duration ranging from 3-6 years and even 10 years. The course also encourages practical experience through research assistantships, projects and fellowships. Increasingly popular in the US, this degree is now being steadily offered at institutions all across the globe. 

Also Read: Integrated PhD

Individuals looking to pursue a PhD after Btech can either follow the traditional application process or opt for direct faculty recommendations. While the former has been discussed below, the latter involves reaching to faculty members of a university department directly. Typically considered as an informal path, the method of direct recommendation can lead to an admission offer if the research interests align, the professor is impressed by your projects and is willing to recommend the candidate to the admissions department of a university. Many professors at elite institutions invite candidates through this method.

The process of applying for a PhD after a B.Tech, apart from the method of direct faculty recommendation, is a simple one. While a prior background and coursework in Physical Sciences, Natural Sciences, Mathematics or relevant Engineering branches is a must, relevant industry experience, research projects are undertaken and extra-curricular activities are also preferred. While many universities adhere to the above criteria of admission, a considerable number of institutions do not have any restrictions as to eligibility conditions whatsoever. It is advised that prospective students get in touch with Leverage Edu experts and know about the exact specifications and updated information about their chosen program and university.

Admission to most programs of PhD after BTech prescribe a strong background related to the specific intended field of study. Common requirements include familiarity with advanced mathematical concepts like algebra, calculus etc, economics, software proficiency, statistical tools amongst others. A strong score throughout all post-secondary qualifications is highly recommended. However, if you have a score belonging to less than the recommended section, you can compensate it by stating the activities you undertook, assistantships, projects completed, languages learnt during that time etc.

• International Tests like GRE/GMAT/TOEFL/IELTS etc. A huge majority of institutions as part of the application process for PhD after BTech either require or recommend submission of scores of various international tests such as GRE / GMAT / TOEFL / IELTS / PTE etc.
• Letters of Recommendation/Statement of Purpose/Resume These form an essential supplementary part of an application that elaborates the motivations and interests of candidates and how they are suitable for the program. Further, Letters of Recommendation / Statement of Purpose / Resume helps the admission committee in understanding what a candidate aims to achieve through the program they are applying for.
• Research Proposal (optional) In some universities, the application process comprises a research proposal to be submitted that outlines somewhat the specific area of research the applicant is intending to pursue while at the university. 

Also Read: PhD Entrance Exams

When it comes to finding a suitable answer for how to do a PHD after BTech, the most suitable solution to this is having a strong profile during and after your BTech course. It is vital for one to show adequate experience in research for a PhD that you can do by showcasing your published papers for certificates of seminars along with the extra projects that you have made during your BTech. You can align the topic of your final year project as per the topic of your PhD research. Make sure that the work you carry out under guidance corresponds to a letter of recommendation to you that will help you uplift your profile. 

The selection of major and minor subjects also help the students presenting their direct m application for PhD. Stating that your major subject of BTech course aligns with your research domain I will help you elevate your candidature. Since you will not be having a proper degree of masters, possessing peripheral knowledge or a stronghold over the concepts that are taught in the master’s program for the same will also work as an icing on the cake. Do not forget to thoroughly proofread your statement of purpose and make sure that it aligns the best with your future endeavours. 

There are many leading academic institutions and research universities across the world that offer a wide range of programs for those wanting to pursue a PhD after BTech or their bachelor’s degree completion. Here is a list of major global research universities providing plentiful PhD programs in Science and Technology-related fields and specialisations.

Note: The above-mentioned universities as well as the academic institutions in Germany, Denmark , Canada etc operate with flexible admission requirements. This implies that the relevant admissions committee evaluates a candidate’s suitability with the program requirements individually and this means that in some cases, applicants might be required to have attained their master’s degree. Especially with regards to applicants from India, though there is no compulsion, they must ensure the suitability of their qualifications with the stated eligibility requirements given on the university’s official website.

Also Read: PhD in Computer Science

PhD after BTech in India is also known as Direct PhD that one can pursue after completing their BTech course. Those who are clear about pursuing a career in research and academics, this is one of the best career options for them in India. Leading Indian institutes like IIT, IIM, IISc, etc offer this advantageous opportunity of pursuing PHD after BTech to the students having an exceptionally great academic background.  let us now take into consideration what all is required to become eligible for Direct PhD- 

• The average score in GATE exam or other equivalent national exams is mandatory for students belonging to Non-Centrally Funded Technical Institutes (CFTIs). Whereas those who belong to CFTI may not be required to present a score in GATE or any other national-level exam. 
• At least 8.0 CGPA out of 10.0
• Only the student studying in the final year of BTech/ BE can apply 
• Well written SOP 
• Letters of Recommendation 

Listed below are the popular universities in India from where you can pursue PhD after BTech-

• IIT Guwahati
• IIT Hyderabad
• IIT Kharagpur
• BITS Pilani
• Chandigarh University
• Lovely Professional University
• Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth
• Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science
• Awadhesh Pratap Singh University

Ans. Yes, you can pursue Ph.D. after Btech in India as well as abroad. 

Ans. When it comes to posing a direct Ph.D. after Btech from India or abroad it is not necessary to have a master’s degree. Students having an adequate amount of research experience along with an exceptionally great academic background can pursue a Ph.D. 

Ans. The basic eligibility criteria for Ph.D. after BTech is-  -A good GPA score  -Adequate experience in research  -A good academic background with charming scores in competitive entrance exams -Statement of Purpose and Letters of Recommendation

Ans. Completing a Ph.D. in India usually takes 3-5 years. 

Ans. No, GATE school is not mandatory for pursuing a Ph.D. in IIT f the candidate belongs to Centrally Funded Technical Institutes (CFTIs).

We hope that this blog helped you understand the key essentials of pursuing a Ph.D. after BTech. Further, while going for a doctoral program, it is important to choose the right specialization and the university. Take the help of Leverage Edu ‘ s AI tool to browse through a wide range of academic institutions across the globe offering Ph.D. programs and find the right one that suits your interests and career aspirations.

Team Leverage Edu

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I thought to do phD, iam B. Tech graduated E.C.E 5year old at2015.

Thank you for reaching out to us. Please call on this number- 1800572000, if you want to find out the procedure and universities available to you for PhD after B.Tech.

I have 16 years of IT Industry exp, i want to pursue PhD but i had done my B.Tech in CSE. plz guide.

Hey Naresh!

Please contact our experts through this number 1800572000 to solve all your queries! Thank you.

I completed my BE(CS) in 1999. I wish to do phd. I do not have work experience. Can I apply ?

Please connect with our experts on 1800 572 000 and get the right career guidance! Hope this helps

Please tell me about the universities and colleges in India for PhD after BTech without the gate exam

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