phd in education in abroad

• How to Apply for A PhD Abroad – International Study
• Applying to a PhD

So you’ve decided to enrol onto a doctoral degree and study abroad at the same time. This is a great opportunity to develop yourself both personally and academically. However, do you actually go about securing a PhD as an international student? To help answer this for you, we’ve created this guide to explain how to apply for a PhD in foreign universities.

Why Do Your PhD Abroad?​​​​​​​

There are many benefits to studying abroad.

Some PhD students do so as a way to develop a new language, discover more about a different culture, and to meet new people.

Besides personal reasons, undertaking a doctorate degree abroad can also for academic purposes. For example, in some countries, a particular research field may not be very popular and so there may not be many doctorate options available. In these cases, undertaking a PhD abroad will open up many more opportunities. It could also offer greater funding, lower tuition fees, better laboratory equipment and more experienced supervisors. Not only would these factors result in a more enjoyable PhD, but they could also contribute to greater career prospects. For example, you will likely have more opportunities to write publications, attend conferences and collaborate with other researchers. All of these will help you establish yourself as a respectable researcher within your field.

Is It Difficult to Apply to PhDs Abroad?​​​​​​​

It’s not as difficult as you would imagine when it comes to applying to a PhD in a foreign country. Regardless of whether you’re applying to a university within the EU, such as the UK, Finland or Spain, or to universities within the US or Asia, the processes are relatively similar.

The differences in the application process can be categorised into three areas.

• the documents you need to provide,
• the prerequisite tests you need to sit,
• how much you need to communicate with the potential supervisors before applying.

We’ve provided a basic outline of the application processes below. Although this will provide you with a good starting point, we highly recommend you look at the university websites for specific instructions and guidance before applying.

Will I Need a Student Visa?​​​​​​​

This will depend on what country you are applying to. For example:

• In the UK, applicants from outside the EU will need a Visa Tier 4 (Student). This will allow them to undertake a full-time PhD. However, due to UK visa restrictions, international students are unlikely to be able to enrol onto a part-time degree.
• In Germany, most students will not require a student visa but will require a residence permit.
• In the US, applicants will need to hold an F-1 Student Visa.
• In Asia, the requirements differ depending on the specific country. For example, in China, you will require an X1 Student Visa whereas in Singapore you will require a Student Pass.

Because of the significant differences between countries, we highly recommend it is highly that you check the requirements on an individual case-by-case basis. This is best done by checking the government website of the country you wish to apply to.

General Process for Applying to PhDs Abroad​​​​​​​

When applying to a PhD position, most universities regardless of where they’re located will require:

• Online Application – An electronic form to provide your details and attach all supporting documents. You will also need to make any application fees during this process if required.
• Academic Transcripts – Most universities need a scanned copy of your transcripts when applying. You will only have to submit official hard copies once they have accepted your admission.
• CV – This should include details of your previous education, undergraduate degree and any experiences revenant to the field you’re applying to.
• Statement of Purpose/Personal Statement – A letter which outlines why you’re applying to the PhD and why you believe you’re suitable for the project.
• Letters of Recommendation – this should preferably be provided by your undergraduate degree course tutor or a professor who knows you well.

Language Tests

If your PhD is to be undertaken in English and English isn’t your first language, most universities will require you to sit an English language proficiency test. The most common tests, in order of popularity, are:

• IELTS (International English Language Testing Systems)
• TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)
• PTE (Pearson Test of English)

The minimum test scores will change from university to university. They will also vary depending on the research field. For example, research projects related to English Literature or Law will require relatively high scores whilst projects in Science and Engineering will require slightly lower scores. To provide an example, the University of Leicester in the UK requires a minimum overall IELTS score of 7 for Law PhDs but has a lower overall score requirement of 6 for Engineering PhDs.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

How to Apply for PhDs in EU Countries​​​​​​​

For UK universities, there are generally two ways of applying. You can either apply directly through the university’s website or you can make an application through the UCAS Postgraduate system .

In Spain, Italy and Germany, before applying to a PhD you will first need to pass a pre-application process. This involves checking that your qualifications meet their eligibility requirements. Before undergoing this pre-screening process, it would be beneficial to first speak to your government. They may offer advice on how your countries qualification system corresponds to the qualification system in the country hosting the PhD.

Once you’ve made your application, the university will review it and get in contact with you. For most EU institutions, they will invite you for a Skype or telephone interview with them if they believe you may be a suitable candidate.

If you require a student visa to study in an EU country, it’s recommended that you submit your application at least 3-4 months before the proposed PhD start date.

How to Apply for PhDs in USA

In addition to the English language exams mentioned previously, international applicants will also need to sit additional exams to be eligible for PhDs in the USA. These are the GRE General Exam and GRE Subject Exam(s). The GRE Subject Exam(s) you will need to undertake will be specific to your field and will be specified by the university as part of their edibility requirements.

Securing a PhD position in the United States is considered relatively difficult compared to other countries. As a result, it is commonly recommended that you apply to at least 9 different universities to increase your chances of securing a position.

How to Apply for PhDs in Asia

As Asia covers a wide range of countries such as China, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, UAE and India, their application processes naturally differ from one another. Therefore, check the specific application process for each university you’re interested to get the most accurate information.

To summarise:

• China – uses two centralised application services, CUAC and CUCAS. Both these services help international students find and apply to a PhD project in China. Students can also apply directly to a University if they wish to.
• Singapore – rather than applying to a specific research project, you will have to apply to a faculty or department within a University. Only once you have been accepted into the university department will their research projects become available to you. Like US universities, most universities in Singapore will have required you to have sat a GRE Exams prior to applying to them.
• UAE – you must apply directly to your chosen university. To be eligible for a PhD in UAE, you must hold a Master’s degree and it must be from a university recognised by their government. You will also be required to undertake GRE Exams before making your application.

How to Apply for PhDs in Australia

To apply to a PhD in Australia, you will first be expected to find and email a potential supervisor. If you’re an international student and you make an application directly to the university without doing this first, it’s highly likely that you won’t be considered for the position.

Upon discussing the project with the supervisor, they will instruct you to put in a formal application. This formal application will require the information previously outlined above.

Similar to EU institutions, if an Australian university believes you’re a strong candidate, they will likely invite you to a Skype or telephone interview.

Unlike EU universities, PhDs in Australian universities can start at any time of the year. Therefore, unless a specific funding requirement is attached to the project, there are usually no deadlines associated with applying to their PhDs. However, try to apply 3 to 4 months before you intend to start your studies.

Browse PhDs Now

Join thousands of students.

Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.

• ADMITTED STUDENTS
• Request Info
• Make a Gift
• SIT at a Glance
• A Global University
• Career Impact
• Office of the President
• SIT Leadership
• Staff Directory
• Learning Outcomes & Achievement
• Global Education (EdD)
• International Relations (PhD)
• Sustainability (PhD)
• MASTER’S DEGREES
• Full-Time Global
• Climate Change & Global Sustainability
• Sustainable Development Practice
• Diplomacy & International Relations
• Humanitarian Assistance & Crisis Management
• International Education
• Part-Time Hybrid
• Intercultural Service, Leadership & Management
• Certificate in TESOL
• Professional Certification in Education Abroad
• TESOL CENTER
• Application Process
• Tuition & Costs
• Financial Aid
• Contact an Admissions Counselor
• Information Sessions & Webinars
• International Students
• Affiliations
• Contact a Graduate Ambassador
• Academic Resources
• Career Services
• Registrar’s Office
• Accessibility Services
• Safety & Security
• Participant Insurance
• Mental Health & Well-Being
• Sexual Safety & Title IX
• MEDIA CENTER

Doctorate in Global Education – EdD (Online)

Career paths, program sites.

• Faculty & Staff

Tuition & Fees

Accelerate your career by building the interdisciplinary expertise and skills to address critical issues in global education.

At a Glance

For the program beginning summer 2025

Residency Locations

United States

Priority Deadline

November 1, 2024, followed by rolling admissions

Final Deadline

January 31, 2025

Critical Global Issue of Study

Education & Social Change

Program Cost

Contact a former student, why a doctorate in global education.

Built on SIT’s powerful experiential learning model, our hybrid doctorate in global education (EdD) combines rigorous online coursework with short residencies in Vermont to fit the needs of part-time and full-time professionals seeking to rapidly accelerate their career while tackling highly relevant issues in global education, both locally and abroad.

Drawing from SIT’s unique brand of in-depth, reflective practice and intensive research training, this doctorate gives you the tools you need to excel in an increasingly diverse, competitive, and interdisciplinary field. Courses take place in person and online, with an estimated 10 to 15 hours of studies a week.

• Examples of Student-Faculty Collaboration

Begin the program with a two-week summer residency, which will ground and orient you to your studies, introduce you to SIT’s global values, and allow you to bond with students and faculty while acclimating to your coursework. You will gather for another two-week residency in the second year of the program, but otherwise work completely remotely.

Courses are immersive, with engaging doctoral seminars; case studies; theory; data collection; research methods; and reflective practice tied to your ongoing work experience. Transfer up to 12 graduate credits from a relevant master’s program into this three-year, 60-credit doctorate.

Throughout the program, you will receive one-on-one guidance from an SIT advisor who, along with your doctoral colleagues, will work closely with you on research topics of your choice. You will present your doctoral defense in person or remotely.

SIT’s Doctorate in Global Education is recommended for students with a passion for international work and education at any level, in any subfield, at any location. As a graduate of this program, you will be fully supported by SIT’s global professional and alumni networks to advance to the top of your field as an international educator.

Students in the EdD program go on to work in the field in a variety of areas including leadership positions in academia, higher education, think tanks, NGOs, nonprofits, philanthropy, government agencies, and research. Career paths that may be open to you include:

University professor, assistant, or associate professor

Executive director of higher education center or nonprofit

Nonprofit, think tank, or NGO management or leadership

Director of programs for nonprofit or NGO

Education administrator

Associate/assistant provost or provost

Senior or leadership role in academic affairs

Researcher at think tank or NGO

Read about SIT Graduate Institute alumni careers through the SIT blog and our Career Impact page. Students who have graduated with this degree work in careers such as the following, among others.

• Courses take place almost entirely online  
• Two-week summer residencies during the first and second year of the program

Please note that in order to take advantage of dynamic learning opportunities, program excursions may occasionally vary.

Program Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of the program, students will be able to:

• Analyze contemporary educational issues around the globe through the lens of foundational theories.
• Design and carry out original, ethical research informed by relevant literature and grounded in appropriate methodologies and approaches.
• Interpret original and secondary data to produce actionable findings.
• Contribute to scholarship and practice of the field through publishable research findings.

Read more about Program Learning Outcomes .

Your doctorate  program  will span three years, totaling 60 credits.  With SIT’s experiential curriculum, you will become an expert in educational policy, practice, theory, research, and administration through curated online coursework in small personalized cohorts combined with  limited residential coursewor k and  reflective practice  within  your ongoing professional activities, and concl uding  with a  dissertation.  Coursework is listed below.  

Please expand the sections below to see detailed course descriptions and admissions information.

This is SIT

• We value active togetherness, reciprocity, and respect as the essential ingredients for building a sustainable community .

• With open minds, empathy, and courage, we facilitate intercultural understanding and respect for the commonalities and differences between people.
• We champion social inclusion & justice in all that we are and all that we do, from ensuring our community and our programs amplify the voices, agency, and dignity of all people to deliberately instilling the principles and practices of inclusion in all of our work.
• We are committed to human and environmental well-being through sustainability and contributing to a better world for all living and future generations.

Semester One: Summer, two-week residency and online (8 Credits)

• Theoretical Foundations I  
• Research Methods 1: Qualitative Appro a ches    
• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar 1

Semester Two: Fall, online (8 Credits)

• Theoretical Foundations II  
• Research Methods 2: Qualitative Approaches   
• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar 2

Semester Three: Spring, online (5-8 Credits)

• Research Methods 3: Intro duction to  Statistical Methods  
• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar 3  
• Elective   

Semester Four: Summer, two-week residency and online (5-8 Credits)

• Comprehensive Exam
• Research Methods 4: Qualitative  or Quantitative  Data Analysis  
• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar 4  

Semester Five: Fall, online (3-6 Credits)

• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar 5
• Dissertation Proposal and IRB Application Preparation

Semester Six: Spring, online (4-7 Credits)

• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar 6  
• Dissertation Proposal Defense and IRB Approval
• Data  C ollection   

Semester Seven: Summer, online (5 Credits)

• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar 7  
• Data  C ollection  
• Dissertation Wr i ting

Semester Eight: Fall, online (5 Credits)

• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar  8  
• Dissertation Writing

Semester Nine: Spring, online and graduation (5 Credits)

• Reflective Practice Doctoral Seminar 9
• Dissertation Writing and Defense

Admissions Criteria

We strive to create a diverse and experienced student body to enhance the learning experience both  within  and outside the classroom.  

To be considered for admission into SIT’s Doctorate in Global Education , an applicant must meet the following criteria:  

• M aster’s degree or an equivalent  from an accredited university    
• One research  methods course at the MA level (i.e.  I ntroduction to  R esearch  M ethodology).   In the case of SIT alum ni ,   Practitioner Inquiry   will meet this  requirement   
• Strong academic writing and scholarly potential , as evidenced  by  a statement of purpose    
• Demonstrated English language ability (see details below)  
• Intercultural and professional experience  
• A preferred grade point average of 3.5 out of 4.0 or higher   
• Demonstrated ability to use experience as a source of learning    
• All  applicants   are  required to interview with program faculty 

( MA holders and SIT alumni in a relevant field will be able to transfer up to 12 credits toward the EdD program.  Please ask  us  for more information. )  

SIT Graduate Institute’s Selection Process

Our admissions staff work one-on-one with every applicant to facilitate a highly informed and multidimensional admissions experience: applicants are required to undertake an interview with SIT faculty during the application process.    

As applicants become familiar with the attributes of an SIT education—grounded in the experiential learning model and focused on social justice and leadership skills in intercultural environments—they determine for themselves  how  SIT can help them meet their educational and career objectives.  

English Language Ability

Applicants whose first language is not English and who did not graduate from an English-speaking institution must demonstrate English language proficiency by submitting official test scores for one of the following:

Test Required Minimum Score

• Duolingo English Test 130
• ILETS (Academic) 7.0
• PTE (Academic) 68
• TOEFL: SIT’s code is 3788 100 on the internet-based iBT

These scores are considered the minimum proficiency needed to undertake graduate-level work .  Scores must be dated within two years of the start date of your academic program at SIT.  

Faculty & Staff

Global education – edd (online).

Discover the Possibilities

SIT’s Student Financial Services Office provides guidance on all aspects of funding your degree throughout the application process and during your degree program. Tuition costs vary by program and scholarships are available.

Request For University Visits

Request An Appointment

Toll Free :-1800 102 0336 (Within India)  

Toll Free:-18001020336

Study Abroad Guide

All You Need To Know About Ph.D. Abroad

January 2022

Course Overview:

A Ph.D. is a doctoral research degree and the highest level of academic qualification one can achieve. A Ph.D. or a Doctor of Philosophy is a doctorate degree awarded by several universities in different countries. The international universities award Ph.D. degree in a wide range of programs in the sciences and humanities. A Ph.D. degree is a mandatory requirement for employment as university professors and researchers in various fields.

Why study Ph.D. overseas?

• It will help you augment your horizons, unearth a new country and culture and escalate your personal development.
• You will be introduced to new research environments/methods as well as academics with a different perspective.
• It will internationalize your CV and show your versatility.
• You will gain language skills.
• Your career opportunities will be enhanced.

Eligibility Criteria:

• A high GPA score
• Academic Transcripts
• Undertaken Ventures
• Scores of tests like GRE, TOEFL, etc.
• Papers Posted, if any,
• If submitted, dissertations
• Participation in co-curricular activities related to the research subject you have selected
• Letters for Recommendation

Scholarships:

The different types of research scholarships available for Indian Ph.D. students: Full scholarship: All charges, including all tuition fees, lodging, and food prices, will be paid by the trust fund, among other expenses. Partial scholarships: Partial financial assistance will be provided to students in the form of either paying their tuition costs housing expenses or all other expenses outlined by the trust fund.

A few scholarships to pursue a Ph.D. abroad:

Trending Courses:

• Arts & Humanities - Literature, Cinema, Visual & Performing Arts.
• Engineering Studies - There are a variety of research areas under Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Architectural Engineering.
• Management Studies - More students are opting for Marketing, Organization Behaviour, Finance, etc.
• Natural Sciences - Popular subjects are Mathematics, Geology, Archaeology, Anthropology, Geography, Physics, Chemistry, and various fields of Biological Sciences.
• Social Sciences - Most researched areas are Political Science, History, Economics, Sociology, Demography, etc.

Career Options:

• Public Sector and Science
• College Professor
• Government Sectors
• Science Writing
• Patent Lawyer
• Medical Research Centres
• Geological Sectors
• Scientific Advisor
• Medical Researcher and Developer

Best Places to study:

• USA: Ph.D. in the USA is a series of three phases, wherein, 1st phase course work that requires 1-3 years for completion followed by a preliminary, a comprehensive examination, or a series of cumulative examinations. In the first phase, examination focus is upon the breadth of knowledge instead of depth. There are 282 universities in the United States that award the Ph.D. degree.
• New Zealand: New Zealand is known for its Ph.D. programs across the world. The course structure includes an in-depth thesis, which is counted as an original and significant contribution to the relevant field of study. The duration of the program might vary between three to four years depending upon the scope of your research. Also, all Ph.D. graduates are entitled to three years of work visas post completion of their studies.
• UK: A Ph.D. in the UK usually culminates in a dissertation, based on the research carried out by the student over the course duration. In the UK, Ph.D. programs are generally of a duration period of three years, and students are required to submit thesis reports within 12 months of the end of the program. However, duration may vary depending on the structure of the course and related projects.
• Australia : Australia provides one of the best research experiences for students pursuing a Ph.D. degree. Australia has one of the highest Ph.D. completion rates, as well as several scholarship options for international students. The Australian Ph.D. is normally a pure research qualification. a full-time Ph.D. normally takes three years. Some students take longer, but this usually depends on registration and funding arrangements. Part-time PhDs in Australia can take up to six years, but this mode of study isn't normally available to international students.

For further assistance or queries, you can contact us, Edwise International, and avail our wide range of services for students on destinations like study in USA , study in Canada , study in Australia , study in New-Zealand , Study in Ireland , study in Singapore and many other countries.

Also read: 5 Best Study Abroad Programs for Indian Students

Back to All "Overseas Education Articles, Resources, Tips and Tricks"

For Complete Information About Overseas Education, Contact Edwise Overseas Education Consultants, on 1-800-102-0336 (Toll Free)

Post your comment

Be Wise Apply Through Edwise

Get Social with us

• Why Study Abroad
• Study Abroad Prgrams
• Where To Study Abroad
• IELTS Coaching
• University Visits
• Statement Of Purpose
• Media & Press
• Testimonials
• Post-Graduation
• Popular Courses
• Information Technology
• Study in UK
• Study in USA
• Study in Canada
• Study in Australia
• Study in New-Zealand
• Study in Singapore
• Study in Ireland
• Study in France
• Study in Germany
• Study in Switzerland
• Study in Dubai
• Study in Spain
• Study in Malaysia
• Study in Mauritius
• Study in India
• Study in Netherlands
• Study in Italy
• Study in Online-Degrees
• Study in Global-Universities
• University Application Forms
• Cost Of Study
• Why Study in UK
• Write A Query / FAQ's
• Study Abroad Resources
• E-Brochure Download
• Study Destinations
• Scholarship
• Photo Gallery
• Jobs @ Edwise
• New Age Courses
• Engineering
• Test Preparation/ Training
• University Selection
• Visa Guidance
• Admission Guidance
• Career Counselling
• Academic Pathway Planning
• Finance Assistance
• Travel Assistance
• Forex Assistance
• Make a Forex Payment
• Pre-Departure Guidance
• How Can We Help
• Master Of Science
• Marine-Lines
• Important Links
• Study Abroad Programs
• Useful Links
• Student Services
• Mumbai Branches
• Marine Lines
• India Branches

Subscribe For Our Blogs

Cookies on our website

We use some essential cookies to make this website work.

We'd like to set additional cookies to understand how you use our site. And we'd like to serve you some cookies set by other services to show you relevant content.

International Education and Development PhD

Key information.

• 1st   in the world for Development Studies   (QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024)

The PhD in International Education and Development gives you the opportunity to develop specialist knowledge in the field of development and education and to hone advanced research skills in methodologies appropriate for contexts in low-income countries.

Our doctoral researchers come from all over the world and this PhD will help advance your professional career.

Areas of study

Doctoral researchers will become members of the Centre for International Education (CIE) , a global leader in this field, and will be based in the Department of Education, located in the School of Education and Social Work.

Your supervisors are generally members of CIE and are global in outlook. They all share an understanding that education lies at the heart of development and poverty reduction.  Their r esearch interests include conflict and peace-building, refugee education, gender justice, critical pedagogies, inclusion, governance and global education policy.

You will have opportunities to engage with other research centres in the School and across the University and to work in international and interdisciplinary ways.

We understand that deciding where and what to study is a very important decision. We’ll make all reasonable efforts to provide you with the courses, services and facilities described in this prospectus. However, if we need to make material changes, for example due to government or regulatory requirements, or unanticipated staff changes, we’ll let you know as soon as possible.

Masters and P h D events

Meet us on campus or online

Book your place

Entry requirements

• UK requirements
• International requirements

Please select your country from the list.

Philippines

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Switzerland

United Arab Emirates

My country is not listed

If your country is not listed, you need to contact us and find out the qualification level you should have for this course. Contact us

English language requirements

Ielts (academic).

Advanced level (7.0 overall, including at least 6.5 in each component).

IELTS scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course.  Find out more about IELTS

We accept IELTS One Skills Retake.

We do not accept IELTS Online.

Check full details of our English Language requirements and find out more about some of the alternative English language qualifications listed below

Alternative English language qualifications

Proficiency tests, cambridge advanced certificate in english (cae).

176 overall, including at least 169 in each skill.

We would normally expect the CAE test to have been taken within two years before the start of your course.

You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Find out more about Cambridge English: Advanced

Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE)

We would normally expect the CPE test to have been taken within two years before the start of your course.

You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Find out more about Cambridge English: Proficiency

LanguageCert International ESOL SELT

Advanced level (International ESOL SELT C1 with a minimum of 33 in each component)

LanguageCert International ESOL scores are valid for two years from the test date. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about LanguageCert SELT

We only accept LanguageCert when taken at SELT Test Centres. We do not accept the online version.

Pearson PTE Academic

Advanced level (67 overall, including at least 62 in all four skills)

PTE (Academic) scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about Pearson (PTE Academic)

We do not accept the PTE Academic Online test.

TOEFL (iBT)

Advanced level 95 overall, including at least 22 in Listening, 23 in Reading, 23 in Speaking, 24 in Writing. 

TOEFL (iBT) scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about TOEFL (iBT)

We do not accept TOEFL (iBT) Home Edition.

The TOEFL Institution Code for the University of Sussex is 9166.

English language qualifications

As/a-level (gce).

Grade C or above in English Language.

Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE)/ AS or A Level: grade C or above in Use of English.

GCE O-level

Grade C or above in English.

Brunei/Cambridge GCE O-level in English: grades 1-6.

Singapore/Cambridge GCE O-level in English: grades 1-6.

GCSE or IGCSE

Grade C or above in English as a First Language (Grade 4 or above in GCSE from 2017).

Grade B or above in English as a Second Language.

Ghana Senior Secondary School Certificate

If awarded before 1993: grades 1-6 in English language.

If awarded between 1993 and 2005: grades A-D in English language

Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE)

Level 4, including at least 3 in each component in English Language.

Indian School Certificate (Standard XII)

The Indian School Certificate is accepted at the grades below when awarded by the following examination boards:

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) – English Core only:  70%

Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) - English:  70% 

International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB)

English A or English B at grade 5 or above.

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

Grades A - C in English language

Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) 1119/GCE O-level

If taken before the end of 2008: grades 1-6 in English Language.

If taken from 2009 onwards: grade C or above in English Language.

The qualification must be jointly awarded by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES).

West African Senior School Certificate

Grades A1-C6 (1-6) in English language when awarded by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) or the National Examinations Council (NECO).

Country exceptions

Select to see the list of exempt english-speaking countries.

If you are a national of one of the countries below, or if you have recently completed a qualification equivalent to a UK Bachelors degree or higher in one of these countries, you will normally meet our English requirement. Note that qualifications obtained by distance learning or awarded by studying outside these countries cannot be accepted for English language purposes.

You will normally be expected to have completed the qualification within two years before starting your course at Sussex. If the qualification was obtained earlier than this, we would expect you to be able to demonstrate that you have maintained a good level of English, for example by living in an English-speaking country or working in an occupation that required you to use English regularly and to a high level.

Please note that this list is determined by the UK’s Home Office, not by the University of Sussex.

List of exempt countries: 

• Antigua and Barbuda
• New Zealand
• St Kitts and Nevis
• St Vincent and the Grenadines
• The British Overseas Territories
• Trinidad and Tobago
• United Kingdom

** Canada: you must be a national of Canada; other nationals not on this list who have a degree from a Canadian institution will not normally be exempt from needing to provide evidence of English.

English language support

If you don’t meet the English language requirements for your degree, you may be able to take a pre-sessional course

• Visas and immigration

Admissions information for applicants

If your qualifications aren’t listed or you have a question about entry requirements, contact us

• How to apply

If you’d like to join us as a research student, there are two main routes:

• browse funded projects in this subject area
• browse our potential supervisors and propose your own research project.

Find out how to apply for a PhD at Sussex

Our supervisors

Prof Janet Boddy

Professor of Child, Youth and Family Studies

[email protected]

View profile of Janet Boddy

Dr Rachel Burr

Senior Lecturer in Education

[email protected]

View profile of Rachel Burr

Prof Barbara Crossouard

Professor of Theory in Education

[email protected]

View profile of Barbara Crossouard

Dr Emily Danvers

Senior Lecturer in Higher Education Peda

[email protected]

View profile of Emily Danvers

Prof Mairead Dunne

Professor of Sociology of Education

[email protected]

View profile of Mairead Dunne

Prof Louise Gazeley

Professor of Educational and Social Disadvantage

[email protected]

View profile of Louise Gazeley

Dr Christina Hancock

Lecturer in Primary Education

[email protected]

View profile of Christina Hancock

Dr Tamsin Hinton-Smith

Senior Lecturer In Higher Education

[email protected]

View profile of Tamsin Hinton-Smith

Dr Nimi Hoffmann

Lecturer in International Education and Development

[email protected]

View profile of Nimi Hoffmann

Prof Lisa Holmes

Professor in Applied Social Science

[email protected]

View profile of Lisa Holmes

Dr Perpetua Kirby

Lecturer in Childhood and Youth

[email protected]

View profile of Perpetua Kirby

Dr Nigel Marshall

Reader in Education

[email protected]

View profile of Nigel Marshall

Prof Linda Morrice

Professor of Education and Migration

[email protected]

View profile of Linda Morrice

Prof Mario Novelli

Professor Of The Political Economy Of Education

[email protected]

View profile of Mario Novelli

Dr Keith Perera

Lecturer in Education

[email protected]

View profile of Keith Perera

Dr Marcelo Staricoff

[email protected]

View profile of Marcelo Staricoff

Dr Julia Sutherland

[email protected]

View profile of Julia Sutherland

Prof Simon Thompson

Head of School ESW

[email protected]

View profile of Simon Thompson

Dr Gunjan Wadhwa

Lecturer in International Education

[email protected]

View profile of Gunjan Wadhwa

Dr Rebecca Webb

Senior Lecturer in Early Years and Primary Education

[email protected]

View profile of Rebecca Webb

Prof Jo Westbrook

Professor of International Educationand Pedagogy

[email protected]

View profile of Jo Westbrook

Dr James Williams

Senior Lecturer

[email protected]

View profile of James Williams

Funding and fees

How can i fund my course, funded projects and scholarships.

Our aim is to ensure that every student who wants to study with us is able to despite financial barriers, so that we continue to attract talented and unique individuals. Don’t miss out on scholarships – check the specific application deadlines for funding opportunities. Note that funded projects aren’t available for all our PhDs.

£3,000 scholarships available to environmental influencers bringing about real-world behaviour change

Find out more

£800 scholarship available to reward talented organ player studying on any course at Sussex.

Scholarships of £800 are available to reward talented musicians studying on any course at Sussex

Cash scholarships available for students who have demonstrated sporting excellence

University of Sussex Stuart Hall Doctoral Scholarship

Applying for USA Federal Student Aid?

If any part of your funding, at any time, is through USA federal Direct Loan funds, you will be registered on a separate version of this degree which does not include the possibility of distance learning which is prohibited under USA federal regulations. Find out more about American Student Loans and Federal Student Aid .

Part-time work

We advertise around 2,500 part-time jobs a year so you can make money and gain work experience. We have a special scheme to employ students on campus, wherever possible.

Find out more about careers and employability

How much does it cost?

Fees for self-funding students.

Home students: £4,786 per year for full-time students

Channel Islands and Isle of Man students: £4,786 per year for full-time students

International students: £21,500 per year for full-time students

Home PhD student fees are set at the level recommended by United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) annually, rising in line with inflation. Overseas fees are subject to an annual increase - see details on our tuition fees page

Additional costs

Note about additional costs.

Please note that all costs are best estimates based on current market values. Activities may be subject to unavoidable change in response to Government advice. We’ll let you know at the earliest opportunity. We review estimates every year and they may vary with inflation. Find out how to budget for student life .

Empirical research costs

On top of your PhD fees and living costs, you may also need to cover some research and training costs, relevant to your research project. These costs will depend on your research topic and training needs, but may include: - travel (to archives, collections or scientific facilities) - a laptop - overseas fieldwork costs (travel and accommodation, and language training) - conference costs (travel, registration fees and accommodation) - laboratory consumables and workshop materials - participant costs - transcription or translation costs - open-access publication costs. If you have a scholarship from one of the UK Research Councils, your scholarship should cover these types of costs. You'll receive details of how to claim this additional funding. If you're self funded, or if your scholarship doesn’t cover these costs, check with the Research and Enterprise Co-ordinator in your School for details of School or Doctoral School funding that may be available.

• Living costs

Find out typical living costs for studying at Sussex

Find out about our terms and conditions

Explore our campus

Experience Sussex life in our virtual tour.

Start your virtual tour

PhD Information Sessions

Visit campus and chat to staff and students. Book your place

Online PhD Sessions

Join a live webchat. Book your place

International

Meet us in your country

Course enquiries

+44 (0)1273 876787

Send us a message

Admissions enquiries

If you haven’t applied yet:

+44 (0)1273 678464 eswpgradmin@​sussex.ac.uk

Find out about the School of Education and Social Work

After you’ve applied:

+44 (0)1273 877773 [email protected]

Find out how to apply

Quick links

• Guide to PhD study
• PhD support
• Academic facilities
• Open Days and events
• Accommodation
• International students
• Student life
• Order a printed prospectus

What do you want to do next?

• Courses Browse our courses by subject area
• Sussex Life Find out about life at Sussex
• Visit Come to a PhD Open Evening
• Apply Find out how to apply

• Study Abroad Get upto 50% discount on Visa Fees
• Top Universities & Colleges
• Abroad Exams
• Top Courses
• Read College Reviews
• Admission Alerts 2024
• Education Loan
• Institute (Counselling, Coaching and More)
• Ask a Question
• College Predictor
• Test Series
• Practice Questions
• Course Finder
• Scholarship
• All Courses
• B.Sc (Nursing)

PhD Abroad: with Scholarship for Indian Students, Colleges, Work Visa, Eligibility

Collegedunia Team

Content Curator

PhD Abroad are 2 to 6-year degree courses available at most of the top public universities across the globe. PhD from abroad will light up more opportunities for the candidates in terms of career and scholarship.

Top abroad universities offer a full scholarship for PhD programmes.  IELTS ,  TOEFL ,  GRE ,  GMAT , and  SAT  are some of the most popular entrance exams required for studying PhD Abroad.

See more :  List of PhD Courses

Table of Contents

• PhD Abroad: Eligibility
• Why study PhD from Abroad

PhD Abroad Scholarships

Phd abroad: top colleges.

4.1 Colleges in USA

4.2 Colleges in UK

4.3 Colleges in Canada

4.4 Colleges in Germany

4.5 Colleges in France

4.6 Colleges in Australia

• Work Visa for PhD Abroad

PhD Abroad: Top Careers

Phd abroad: faqs, phd abroad: eligibility criteria.

• Grades from academia (a high GPA)
• Previous Studies for Science
• Undertaken Ventures
• Scores of Studies (GRE, TOEFL in case of USA )
• Papers Posted, if any,
• If submitted, dissertations
• Healthy engagement in co-curricular events related to the research subject you have selected.
• Excellent Letters for Recommendation
• A clear Intent Argument

Why Study PhD from Abroad?

• Better Opportunities: In terms of both services and future managers, adding internationality will give you more alternatives. Also, researching in another country may encourage your access if your research needs access to such museums, locations, libraries, archives, or facilities.
• Better Funding: Doing your Ph.D. abroad could be considerably cheaper. Tuition fees, notably at the doctorate level, vary greatly around the globe. In addition, you may apply for some scholarships that are exclusively for students studying abroad from your home country or your destination country.
• Broad Network: By creating ties in a new county, extend your network. You will get to know individuals on a personal basis and make friends from all over the world. Doing a Ph.D. abroad will also benefit you if, after receiving your degree, you intend to work beyond your home country.
• New Culture: Studying globally would help you to develop a global perspective. You're going to be introduced to new concepts, ways of instruction, and academic communities. You might also get the chance to learn a foreign language.

Students who are aiming for a Ph.D. program often opt for foreign countries in different fields like healthcare, automobile, manufacturing, computer Science, Social Science, etc. The average cost can vary and it can be very heavy on pockets. Scholarships help reduce that burden. Some of the top Scholarships are tabulated below for your reference, 

PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is an academic qualification that allows the degree holder to teach the subject they have chosen at the university level. There are many top universities around the globe that offer PhD courses in various specializations. They also offer scholarships as well for students who worry about their finances

PhD abroad is a 3-6 year course that brings more opportunities for the candidates. IELTS, TOEFL, GMAT, SAT, and GRE are some of the major entrance exams to gain admission to these universities. Many countries like the USA, UK, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Singapore, France house top universities that offer PhD courses.

PhD Colleges in USA

Some of the top PhD colleges in USA are tabulated below:

PhD Colleges in UK

Tabulated below are some of the top colleges for PhD and the courses offered by them are provided below for your reference, 

PhD Colleges in Canada

Tabulated below are some of the top colleges for PhD and the courses offered by them are provided below for your reference,:

PhD Colleges in Germany

Some of the top PhD colleges in Germany and Courses are tabulated below for your reference,:

PhD Colleges in France

Some of the top PhD colleges in France and Courses are tabulated below for your reference,::

PhD Colleges in Australia

Some of the top PhD colleges in Australia are tabulated below:

PhD Abroad: Work Visa

After Completion of the PhD program, there are a number of visas available that will help candidates to stay in that country for future job prospects. Some of the visa and their eligibility is mentioned below for your reference, 

Ques. What is the qualification required to pursue a Ph.D.?

Ans. You must have a previous master's degree in a relevant subject. You will also need a thesis proposal, Language proficiency scores, well-written SOP, and letters of recommendation to apply for a Ph.D.

Ques. Which country offers pocket-friendly Ph.D.?

Ans . Countries such as Germany, Finland, Sweden, and Norway offer low-cost Ph.D. programs?

Ques. What is the period required to complete a Ph.D.?

Ans. A Ph.D. program usually takes anywhere between 2 to 6 years.

Ques. Which country offers a better stipend to Ph.D. students?

Ans. For Ph.D. candidates, the highest salaries are in Switzerland and Canada, with Ph.D. candidates in Switzerland earning on average twice as much as those in Germany.

Ques. Which exams you need to clear to pursue a Ph.D. abroad?

Ans. You will need to secure excellent IELTS/TOEFL scores

Ques. What is the cost of studying Ph.D. abroad?

Ans . In the USA, the average cost of studying for a Ph.D. is nearly US$20,000–40,000 per year. In the UK, the average total cost of studying Ph.D. and living is nearly £10,032 per year. In Australia, The average total cost of doing a Ph.D. in science is nearly AUS$60,562. In Germany, you are expected to pay a semester contribution of around €250.

Ph.D. : 43 answered questions

Ques. are master's degrees from ignou acceptable for admission into ph.d courses in top universities.

● Top Answer By Anumita Mukharjee on 28 Apr 22

Ques. Is a Phd from IGNOU worth it/valuable?

● Top Answer By Srabani Guha on 24 Jul 23

Ques. How is the Direct PhD program of IIT Madras?

● Top Answer By Arati Sinha on 29 Mar 23

Ques. What is the value of a Ph.D. degree from IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Karuna Nair on 13 Mar 23

Ques. Why do some students in IIT Bombay leave high-paying jobs and join grad schools for PhD?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 23 Mar 23

Ques. What is the placement scenario after PhD in IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 17 Mar 23

Ques. Is a PhD from IGNOU valid?

● Top Answer By Pankaj Kumar on 18 Oct 22

Ques. What is the placement record of MSc applied statistics students of IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Poornima Sahoo on 18 Mar 23

Ques. How difficult is it to get a PhD from IISc Bangalore?

● Top Answer By Bidita Ghose on 14 Jul 23

Ques. Which would be better, IIT Delhi or an average US university for a PhD?

● Top Answer By Aditi Banerjee on 03 Apr 23

Ph.D. (Chemistry)

Ph.d. (physics), ph.d. (mathematics), ph.d. (biotechnology), ph.d. (zoology), ph.d. (psychology), ph.d. (business management), ph.d. (management studies), master of science [ms], ph.d. (computer science), ph.d. colleges in india.

IIMV - Indian Institute of Management

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research - [PGIMER]

IIM Jammu Indian Institute of Management

PSG Institute of Management - [PSGIM]

Krea University

Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management - [IISWBM]

Bharathidasan Institute of Management - [BIM]

School of Planning and Architecture - [SPA]

Subscribe to our news letter.

European Education Area

Quality education and training for all

Hello, a quick survey is waiting for you.

Help us improve our site by taking this quick survey . It won't take more than a few minutes.

How to apply for doctoral studies in Europe

Find out how to apply for doctoral studies, including a PhD, in Europe.

Getting started

In Europe, every university sets its own application criteria for doctoral studies. 

To successfully enter the world of research, it´s very important to be proactive and start your preparation early. 

The enrollment procedures take time. Prepare early, check entry requirements and collect your documents. 

Choose your topic

Choose your research topic well before starting your studies. 

Find out which university or programme meets your research interests and your academic background.

Find a supervisor

Finding a supervisor before applying could be either compulsory or advisable and it is usually the applicant’s responsibility. 

Check the research teams in the university and look at the publications written by your potential supervisor, as well as their research projects and supervised dissertations to ensure that his or her research areas match your plans.

Check language requirements

Examine the language skills needed for enrollment. It might be necessary to take a test or present internationally validated test results. 

Recognition of qualifications

Find out what documents need to be translated before applying and which ones may need ENIC-NARIC evaluation. 

Some documents might need to be certified by a notary, with an apostille attached.

Prepare your documents

The required documents vary. Usually, you need to prepare the following:

• official copy of the previous diploma(s)
• curriculum vitae (CV)
• research proposal for your PhD
• motivation letter
• references and/or recommendation letters

Find a position and funding

EURAXESS is a European Commission portal providing information on research positions and funding to help researchers come to Europe to study, work in another European country and more.

Related content

Related links, want to give your feedback about this page, thanks for your feedback.

We are happy to see that your experience was positive. Don't forget to share the pages you like with your friends and colleagues.

If you need to ask a question, please contact Europe direct .

Educational resources and simple solutions for your research journey

PhD in a Foreign Country: Pros and Cons to Consider Before You Decide

While pursuing a postdoctoral or PhD program in a foreign country can be exciting , it also has its challenges . I t is important to carefully consider both pros and cons and be aware of what it takes to pursu e a PhD in a foreign country before taking the leap . This article will discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of taking up a post-doc or a PhD in a foreign country and will help you make a better decision .  

Table of Contents

A dvantages of doing a PhD in a foreign country  

Pursuing a post-doc or PhD in a foreign country can be a rewarding experience. It exposes you to new approaches , ideas , and perspectives that may be vastly different from your home country. It can also help you to create valuable networking opportunities with professionals, scholars and peers from around the globe. Here are some of the benefits you can expect.    

Broadens your academic and professional network

One of the greatest advantages of pursuing a post doc or PhD in a foreign country is that it helps to forge relationships and contacts with diverse colleagues and professionals. This can prove very useful in the long run, as you can look to them for support and advice on your work.

Exposure to new ideas and cultures

Gaining international exposure will broaden your understanding and expose you to new insights, traditions, and knowledge. When pursuing a PhD in a foreign country it might be useful to learn the local language and understand cultural nuances to gain new perspectives about various pedagogies, research practices, funding mechanisms, and scientific innovations of the host country.

Experiential learning and development

Pursuing a PhD in foreign universities and living in a new country will need you to adjust and find innovative ways of navigating through new academic and research endeavors. This will not only boost your confidence but will also enable you to learn new research skills, develop problem-solving abilities, and become more resilient and adaptable to change. It can also motivate you to move out of an otherwise complacent state of mind and drive you to spot potential opportunities for growth.

Disadvantages of pursuing a PhD in a foreign country  

Advantages aside, getting an international PhD degree can often prove to be overwhelming for many students, who may encounter a ‘culture shock’ while trying to adapt to the new culture, language, and way of life. Students and early career researchers can also be faced with financial constraints, potential visa and immigration issues, and other challenges if the move is not planned strategically and well ahead of time. Here are some disadvantages you may need to prepare for when choosing to study abroad.  

Feeling lonely, lost, and overwhelmed

Being in a foreign country can sometimes create a feeling of loneliness as you miss being close to family and friends. To address this , it is a good idea to find and become an active participant in an immediate social community , especially if this includes your peers. You should also motivate yourself to get involved in extra-curricular activities to keep yourself engaged beyond your research work.    

Encountering language and cultural barriers

This is one of the immediate challenges that many students in foreign countries face. Communicating with colleagues and professors and expressing yourself clearly can be overwhelming. Adapting to the new cultural environment, with accepted traditions and expected behavior, can also throw in some roadblocks along the way. Here having a plan set early enough to learn some of basics of the local language and become familiar with the culture of your host country can really help.  

Following different academic systems

The academic system in a foreign country may differ significantly from what you are accustomed to . This may lead to challenges in understanding the expectations and requirements to successfully navigate and achieve your doctoral degree . While choosing a specific institution, it’s important to read about the course as much as possible to help you not only survive but thrive in your academic journey.    

Challenges on returning home

Returning to your home country after spending several years abroad pursuing your Ph D can present challenges of its own. You may face hurdles in terms of reintegration, especially if the skills and knowledge you gained abroad are not readily applicable or valued in your home context. This will require you to be dedicated, focused, and adaptable when identifying new growth opportunities that can take your career to the next level.    

Embarking on a postdoc or PhD journey in a foreign country indeed means immersing yourself in a completely new environment for several years. While adapting to a new academic and cultural setting poses its challenges, it’s crucial to view this as an opportunity for personal and intellectual growth. Being aware of these factors and approaching them with resilience, openness, and enthusiasm can turn these challenges into valuable experiences that contribute not only to your academic and professional development but also to your broader life perspective. The journey may be daunting, but with the right mindset, it becomes an enriching adventure that opens doors to new possibilities and a global network of peers and collaborators.  

References:  

• OECD (2022), Education at a Glance 2022: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, 

  https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en  

Researcher.Life is a subscription-based platform that unifies top AI tools and services designed to speed up, simplify, and streamline a researcher’s journey, from reading to writing, submission, promotion and more. Based on over 20 years of experience in academia, Researcher.Life empowers researchers to put their best research forward and move closer to success.

Try for free or sign up for the Researcher.Life  All Access Pack , a one-of-a-kind subscription that unlocks full access to an AI academic writing assistant, literature reading app, journal finder, scientific illustration tool, and exclusive discounts on professional services from Editage. Find the best AI tools a researcher needs, all in one place –  Get All Access now for prices starting at just $17 a month !

Related Posts

Tips on Writing the Acknowledgments Section 

What is Confidence Interval and How to Calculate it (with Examples)

• Skip to main content
• All Articles
• Study abroad info Articles
• Study abroad info Subject guides

• Choosing where to study
• Applying to a university
• Financing your studies
• Getting your visa
• Before you leave
• Housing & accommodation
• Once you arrive
• Post-study life

How to prepare to study a PhD

Studying for a PhD represents is the highest level of academic study. Requiring hard work and dedication it's a big decision to study at a doctoral level. We explore how to prepare and what you can expect.

Studying for a PhD represents the highest level of academic study that you can pursue. It is a unique opportunity to research independently and make an original contribution to the subject and field you are involved in. A PhD is quite different from other postgraduate degrees, requiring additional skills, knowledge and insight. We’re here to help you with some tips on preparing for a PhD, what you’ll need, what you can study, and how a PhD can help or shape your career. 

What is a PhD?

A PhD is a research-driven degree and the highest academic qualification you can obtain. PhD candidates need to undertake in-depth research and positively contribute to the body of knowledge in a subject specialisation. A PhD is different from almost all other degrees as there are generally no taught components. A PhD usually takes between three and four years to complete full-time, while part-time up to seven years. 

As a PhD student, you will submit a final thesis and dissertation, which is assessed by a panel of examiners who decide whether the work warrants the award of a doctoral degree. A PhD may also have no mark attached to it and is awarded as either a pass or fail. If you pass your PhD, you get a Doctor of Philosophy qualification and the title of Doctor, although this is usually only used in academic settings. 

Why study for a PhD?

A PhD is a significant investment of time and money. You must be interested in the subject or area of specialisation you intend to research. You should also have an affinity for academic research and inquiry. Additionally, you’ll be motivated to contribute to a field and develop your expertise. Some of the reasons why students decide to study for a PhD are:

• To gain invaluable skills 
• To improve career prospects
• To develop knowledge and understanding
• To uncover unique insights and perspectives 
• To translate research into practical implementation 
• For personal development 

Every student may have different motivations for pursuing a PhD, so it’s always advised that you speak with a prospective supervisor or the academic office at a university to assess your suitability. This can be assessing your specialist area or whether a PhD aligns with your personal and professional goals. 

What does studying for a PhD involve?

For a PhD, you will initially have to submit a proposal or outline of your proposed research. This will list the hypothesis, theories, methodology and scope for your research. If accepted onto a PhD programme, you can use this as the blueprint for your dissertation and thesis. Depending on your subject area, you may need to conduct in-person interviews, focus groups, laboratory work and fieldwork as part of your studies. 

Studying for a PhD will involve a lot of reading, testing, writing and research. Don’t worry, you won’t have to do it all alone. On a PhD programme, you can usually interact with other doctoral students at seminars and workshops. In addition, you will have an appointed supervisor , who is usually an expert in the field, helping you refine ideas and supporting you. 

One of the most important skills you must master as a PhD student is time management. You will be balancing many competing priorities, so having a clear schedule and plan can help significantly. You will find yourself multitasking and trying to meet deadlines regularly. 

Read more about the international student experience abroad. 

What challenges do PhD students face? 

Preparation for a PhD is essential. You must honestly assess some of the challenges and obstacles you could face to navigate these successfully. You’ll be working hard and maintaining high academic standards , which can be stressful. Additionally, a PhD can mean working and researching independently, which can be isolating and lonely. Don’t be afraid to request academic support or speak with your supervisor about this. 

Due to the length of a PhD, you will also find that your motivation levels may change. This is completely normal, and you shouldn’t worry too much about it unless it affects your day-to-day life and ability to meet deadlines. Perseverance is key, and if you need to speak with a counsellor or someone you trust to get support , always do so. 

Another challenge some PhD students will face relates to funding . Tuition fees and additional costs will add up over time, so finding a form of funding, such as a loan or scholarship can be very useful. If you are paying for the degree yourself, this may involve you working a full-time job or doing part-time work. Always check that you can work in the destination you want to study in and make a comprehensive budget, including all living costs and expenses . 

Discover more about looking after your mental health as a student. 

Tips for preparing for a PhD

Preparing for PhD study involves several key steps. You will need to decide on your research topic and area of specialisation. You must also check if your prospective university has a supervisor who is suitably qualified in the area. In addition, some other valuable steps you can take to get ready for doctoral studies include:

• Reading articles, books, and journals related to your topic of interest
• Finding out what the entry requirements are
• Researching the application procedure
• Asking your current lecturers for their advice on studying for a PhD
• Look into how to write a research proposal
• Undertake any English language tests if necessary
• Decide on your references (people who know you in an academic context)

Discover more about how universities verify overseas qualifications .  

Will a PhD help my career?

The answer to this question depends on the specialisation you are studying. First and foremost, a PhD is an academic rather than a professional degree , so the direct connection with career progression may not be readily apparent. However, in STEM fields such as medicine, engineering, healthcare, and even technology, a PhD can positively impact your career trajectory. 

A PhD will also equip you with several transferable skills . These include key competencies such as:

• Information synthesis 
• Writing 
• Research 
• Presenting 
• Interviewing 
• Communication 

Some PhD graduates go on to teach and work at universities, becoming lecturers and potentially professors. If you wish to work in higher education in this capacity, a PhD is usually a pre-requisite. 

Hopefully, you now feel more prepared to take on a PhD. If you're looking to do some more research, you may like our guides to postgraduate study , preparing for postgraduate study , and the top postgraduate degrees for international students.

Why study law: Top 10 benefits of becoming a lawyer

What do Margaret Thatcher, Benazir Bhutto, Barack Obama and Mahatma Gandhi have in common? Interestingly, they are world leaders who studied law. One of the oldest academic fields in the world, a law degree is a highly regarded qualification and promises great career opportunities.   For some, to study law is to uphold justice, a noble call that is most commendable (and the world needs more of them); nevertheless, law is not just for lawyers or in the

What is a pre-masters course?

If you have had your eye on studying a postgraduate qualification, and particularly a master’s degree you would have encountered pre-master’s programmes in your research. Sometimes it’s not always easy to understand the differences between the qualifications and courses on offer and why you would apply or enrol for a pre-master’s programme. We take a closer look at pre-master’s courses and programmes, demystifying the details.     What is a

MA vs MSc: What is the best choice?

If you’ve been considering studying for a master’s degree, you would likely have come across a few different options. This can initially seem confusing. You may think that the degrees are pretty much the same. However, there are some key differences between two of the most popular master’s qualifications, namely an MA and an MSc. In this article, we explain what these degrees are, what it takes to study them and what careers they can lead to.    

What course should I take at university?

Feeling lost about which university course you should choose for your study abroad journey? We feel you. Picking the wrong course can be costly and time-consuming if you end up having to switch, so it's crucial to weigh your options carefully to ensure you don't regret your decision.   To give you a hand in selecting a subject that's right for you, we have compiled a list of factors to consider, coupled with insights from our experts. Read

Get in touch

Doctor of Education Leadership

Additional Information

• Download the Doctoral Viewbook
• Admissions & Aid

America needs transformative leaders in preK–12 education whose passion for education quality and equity is matched by a knowledge of learning and development, the organizational management skills to translate visionary ideas into practical success, and a firm grasp of the role of context and politics in shaping leadership. Graduates of the three-year, multidisciplinary Doctor of Education Leadership (Ed.L.D.) Program at the Harvard Graduate School of Education will be prepared to become those leaders.

The Ed.L.D Program — taught by faculty from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, the Harvard Business School, and the Harvard Kennedy School — will train you for system-level leadership positions in school systems, state and federal departments of education, and national nonprofit organizations. Ed.L.D. is a full-time, three-year program built on a cohort learning model. Cohorts consist of up to 25 students from diverse professional backgrounds (including district/charter management leaders, nonprofit directors, principals, teachers, and policy researchers) who progress through the program together.

All Ed.L.D. students receive a full tuition funding package plus stipends, work opportunities, and a paid third-year residency at a partner organization.

The Ed.L.D. Program prepares graduates to do work for the public good in the American public education sector, whether that be at the system or state level. Specifically, the program is designed to accelerate the progress graduates make toward achieving meaningful impact in influential roles and/or crossing boundaries in the following spaces in the public education sector:

• PreK–12 district or CMO leadership roles : superintendent of schools, chief academic officer, and/or deputy superintendent
• Foundation/philanthropy roles:  director, president and CEO, senior fellow
• Education nonprofit roles : president or executive director of backbone or collective impact organizations which support preK–12 schools. Ed.L.D. graduates will lead education nonprofits that explicitly focus on improving outcomes and opportunities for children, families, and communities.
• State or federal education leadership roles : commissioner or deputy commissioner roles. Could also include public education advocacy or education policy advisers to senior government officials.
• Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation roles:  Founder, CEO, president

Curriculum Information

The Ed.L.D. curriculum is a balance of multidisciplinary coursework and practice-based learning. Core courses and electives are taught by recognized leaders from across Harvard’s graduate programs in fields like data-based education reform, organizational change and innovation, and effective leadership strategies for urban schools. You will develop and test your leadership skills through team projects and an immersive third-year residency.

All students in the cohort take the same classes in four foundational content areas: learning and teaching, leadership and organizational change, politics and policy, adult development, and leadership inside and out (including one-on-one executive coaching). Courses taken during the first-year focus on practice-based learning and serve as the framework of your first-year experience.

Sample HGSE Courses

• Leading Change
• How People Learn
• Ed.L.D. Proseminar
• Leadership, Entrepreneurship, and Learning
• Race, Equity, and Leadership
• Practicing Leadership Inside and Out
• Sector Change
• The Workplace Lab for System-Level Leaders

View  all courses  in the Academic Catalog.

Each cohort member works with program advisers to choose an individualized sequence of electives from any of the Harvard graduate schools. You will work closely with the program faculty and staff during your second year to determine the best match with a partner organization for your third-year residency. Matches are driven by mutual interest between the resident and the partner organization, and each student's career and learning goals and geographic preferences.

• Second Year Practicing Leadership Inside and Out
• Driving Change 
• Education Sector Nonprofits
• Negotiation Workshop
• Coaching with Equity in Mind
• Ethnic Studies and Education
• Deeper Learning for All:  Designing a 21st Century School System
• Institutional Change in School Organizations, Systems, and Sectors

You will take part in a 10-month paid residency at one of our partner organizations. There, you will work on a strategic project which synthesizes your experience and learning into a written Capstone project. You will stay connected to your Ed.L.D. cohort and HGSE through technology and by returning to Harvard periodically for intensive workshops.

Paid Residency 

Our partner organizations include school systems and departments of education, as well as some of the nation's most influential and dynamic nonprofit, mission-based for-profit, and philanthropic organizations.

You will be intentionally pushed out of your comfort zones and asked to work systemically and make a significant contribution to the partner organization. In addition, the residency will provide you with the professional mentoring, practical experiences, and network of connections they need to position themselves as future leaders in the education sector. 

Strategic Project 

You will define (with supervisors from your partner organization) a strategic project on which to focus. You will have the opportunity to lead one or two major efforts on behalf of the organization, such as the creation or implementation of current initiatives. The project allows you to practice and improve leadership skills, add important value to the mission and strategy of the partner organization, work systemically, and hold high-level accountability.

During the residency period, you will produce a written Capstone. The Capstone is a descriptive, analytic, and reflective account of your third-year leadership contributions to a strategic project within an Ed.L.D. partner organization. It is a demonstration of your ability to engage others, develop strategy to successfully address and diagnose challenges, work toward a vision and goals, and learn from the results.

Sample Topics

• Accountability, Coherence, and Improvement: Leadership Reflection and Growth in the Los Angeles Unified School District
• Leadership Development for Entrepreneurial Education Leaders Working to Build Public & Private Sector Support
• Disrupting Teacher Preparation: Lessons in Collaboration and Innovation Across the Learning to Teach Community of Practice
• Pursuing Educational Equality for English Language Learners

Sample Summaries 

• Breaking Down Silos in a School District: Findings from an Ed.L.D. Project in Montgomery County
• Expanding Students' Access to Meaningful STEM Learning Opportunities Through Strategic Community Partnerships
• Developing a New Teacher Leadership and Compensation System in Iowa: A Consensus-Based Process
• Finding Great Teachers for Blended-Learning Schools

GSE Theses and Dissertations from Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH)

Program Faculty

Ed.L.D. students learn with renowned faculty from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard Business School, and Harvard Kennedy School. Faculty from the three schools share their individual expertise in the Ed.L.D. Program and work collaboratively to provide a challenging and coherent experience for students. Faculty who teach in the Ed.L.D. core curriculum and advise Ed.L.D. students include:

Faculty Director

Frank D. Barnes

Frank Barnes is faculty director of the Doctor of Education Leadership Program. He has over 30 years experience as an educator, researcher, and organizer. As a chief accountability officer, he led turnaround efforts for large public school districts, including Boston Public Schools and Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools.

Kathryn Parker Boudett

Ebony N. Bridwell-Mitchell

Jennifer Perry Cheatham

Elizabeth City

Candice Crawford-Zakian

Marshall Ganz

Adria D. Goodson

Deborah helsing.

Monica C. Higgins

Deborah Jewell-Sherman

Lisa Laskow Lahey

Mary Grassa O'Neill

Irvin Leon Scott

Catherine Snow

Michael L. Tushman

Martin west.

Introduce Yourself

Tell us about yourself so that we can tailor our communication to best fit your interests and provide you with relevant information about our programs, events, and other opportunities to connect with us.

Program Highlights

Explore examples of the Doctor of Education Leadership experience and the impact its community is making on the field:

Do We Need Happiness Teachers?

After a trip to meet with the Dalai Lama, an Ed.L.D. student says we do

Combatting Chronic Absenteeism with Family Engagement 

As post-COVID absenteeism rates continue unabated, a look at how strong family-school engagement can help

Top Streams

• Data Science Courses in USA
• Business Analytics Courses in USA
• Engineering Courses in USA
• Tax Courses in USA
• Healthcare Courses in USA
• Language Courses in USA
• Insurance Courses in USA
• Digital Marketing Courses in USA

Top Specialization

• Masters in Data Analytics in USA
• Masters in Mechanical Engineering in USA
• Masters in Supply Chain Management in USA
• Masters in Computer Science in USA
• MBA in Finance in USA
• Masters in Architecture in USA

Top Universities

• Cornell University
• Yale University
• Princeton University
• University of California Los Angeles
• University of Harvard
• Stanford University
• Arizona State University
• Northeastern University
• Scholarships to Study in USA
• Project Management Courses in Australia
• Accounting Courses in Australia
• Medical Courses in Australia
• Psychology Courses in Australia
• Interior Designing Courses in Australia
• Pharmacy Courses in Australia
• Social Work Courses in Australia
• MBA in Australia
• Masters in Education in Australia
• Masters in Pharmacy in Australia
• Masters in Information Technology in Australia
• BBA in Australia
• Masters in Teaching in Australia
• Masters in Psychology in Australia
• University of Melbourne
• Deakin University
• Carnegie Mellon University
• Monash University
• University of Sydney
• University of Queensland
• RMIT University
• Macquarie University
• PR Courses in Australia
• SOP for Australia Student Visa
• Data Science Courses in Canada
• Business Management Courses in Canada
• Supply Chain Management Courses in Canada
• Project Management Courses in Canada
• Business Analytics Courses in Canada
• Hotel Management Courses in Canada
• MBA in Canada
• MS in Canada
• Masters in Computer Science in Canada
• Masters in Management in Canada
• Masters in Psychology in Canada
• Masters in Education in Canada
• MBA in Finance in Canada
• Masters in Business Analytics in Canada
• University of Toronto
• University of British Columbia
• McGill University
• University of Alberta
• York University
• University of Calgary
• Algoma University
• University Canada West
• IELTS requirement for Canada Student Visa
• Canada Visa Interview
• Top cities in Canada for International Students
• Project Management Courses in UK
• Data Science Courses in UK
• Public Health Courses in UK
• Digital Marketing Courses in UK
• Hotel Management Courses in UK
• Nursing Courses in UK
• Medicine Courses in UK
• Interior Designing Courses in UK
• Masters in Computer Science in UK
• Masters in Psychology in UK
• MBA in Finance in UK
• MBA in Healthcare Management in UK
• Masters in Education in UK
• Masters in Marketing in UK
• MBA in HR in UK
• University of Oxford
• University of Cambridge
• Coventry University
• University of East London
• University of Hertfordshire
• University of Birmingham
• Imperial College London
• University of Glasgow

Top Resources

• Universities in Germany
• Study in Germany
• Masters in Germany
• Courses in Germany
• Bachelors in Germany
• Germany Job Seeker Visa
• Cost of Living in Germany
• Best Universities in Germany

Top Courses

• Masters in Data Science in Germany
• MS in Computer Science in Germany
• Marine Engineering in Germany
• MS Courses in Germany
• Masters in Psychology in Germany
• Hotel Management Courses in Germany
• Masters in Economics in Germany
• Paramedical Courses in Germany
• Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
• University of Bonn
• University of Freiburg
• University of Hamburg
• University of Stuttgart
• Saarland University
• Mannheim University
• MBA in Ireland
• Phd in Ireland
• Masters in Computer Science Ireland
• Cyber Security in Ireland
• Masters in Data Analytics Ireland
• Ms in Data Science in Ireland
• Pharmacy courses in ireland
• Business Analytics Course in Ireland
• Universities in Ireland
• Study in Ireland
• Masters in Ireland
• Courses in Ireland
• Bachelors in Ireland
• Cost of Living in Ireland
• Ireland Student Visa
• Part Time Jobs in Ireland
• Trinity College Dublin
• University College Dublin
• Dublin City University
• University of Limerick
• Dublin Business School
• Maynooth University
• University College Cork
• National College of Ireland

Colleges & Courses

• Masters in France
• Phd in France
• Study Medicine in France
• Best Universities in Frankfurt
• Best Architecture Colleges in France
• ESIGELEC France
• Study in France for Indian Students
• Intakes in France
• SOP for France Visa
• Study in France from India
• Reasons to Study in France
• How to Settle in France

More About France

• Cost of Living in France
• France Study Visa
• Cost of Living in Frankfurt
• France Scholarship for Indian Students
• Part Time Jobs in France
• Stay Back in France After Masters

About Finland

• Universities in Finland
• Study in Finland
• Courses in Finland
• Bachelor Courses in Finland
• Masters Courses in Finland
• Cost of Living in Finland
• MS in Finland
• Average Fees in Finland Universities
• PhD in Finland
• Jobs in Finland
• Bachelor Degree in Medicine & Surgery
• MBBS Courses in Georgia
• MBBS Courses in Russia
• Alte University
• Caucasus University
• Georgian National University SEU
• David Tvildiani Medical University
• Caspian International School Of Medicine
• Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University
• Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
• Cremeia Federal University
• Bashkir State Medical University
• Kursk State Medical University
• Andijan State Medical Institute
• IELTS Syllabus
• IELTS Prepration
• IELTS Eligibility
• IELTS Test Format
• IELTS Band Descriptors
• IELTS Speaking test
• IELTS Writing Task 1
• IELTS score validity
• IELTS Cue Card

IELTS Reading Answers Sample

• Animal Camouflage
• Types Of Societies
• Australia Convict Colonies
• A Spark A Flint
• Emigration To The Us
• The History Of Salt
• Zoo Conservation Programmes
• The Robots Are Coming
• The Development Of Plastic

IELTS Speaking Cue Card Sample

• Describe A Puzzle You Have Played
• Describe A Long Walk You Ever Had
• Describe Your Favourite Movie
• Describe A Difficult Thing You did
• Describe A Businessman You Admire
• Memorable Day in My Life
• Describe Your Dream House
• Describe A Bag You Want to Own
• Describe a Famous Athlete You Know
• Aquatic Animal

IELTS Essay Sample Sample

• Best Education System
• IELTS Opinion Essay
• Agree or Disagree Essay
• Problem Solution Essays
• Essay on Space Exploration
• Essay On Historical Places
• Essay Writing Samples
• Tourism Essay
• Global Warming Essay
• GRE Exam Fees
• GRE Exam Syllabus
• GRE Exam Eligibility
• Sections in GRE Exam
• GRE Exam Benefits
• GRE Exam Results
• GRE Cutoff for US Universities
• GRE Preparation
• Send GRE scores to Universities

GRE Exam Study Material

• GRE Verbal Preparation
• GRE Study Material
• GRE AWA Essays
• GRE Sample Issue Essays
• Stanford University GRE Cutoff
• Harvard University GRE Cutoff
• GRE Quantitative Reasoning
• GRE Verbal Reasoning
• GRE Reading Comprehension
• Prepare for GRE in 2 months

Other Resources

• Documents Required For Gre Exam
• GRE Exam Duration
• GRE at Home
• GRE vs GMAT
• Improve GRE Verbal Scores

Free GRE Ebooks

• GRE Preparation Guide (Free PDF)
• GRE Syllabus (Free PDF)
• GMAT Eligibility
• GMAT Syllabus
• GMAT Exam Dates
• GMAT Registration
• GMAT Exam Fees
• GMAT Sections
• GMAT Purpose

GMAT Exam Study Material

• How to prepare for GMAT?
• GMAT Score Validity
• GMAT Preparation Books
• GMAT Preparation
• GMAT Exam Duration
• GMAT Score for Harvard
• GMAT Reading Comprehension
• GMAT Retake Strategy

Free GMAT Ebooks

• GMAT Guide PDF
• Download GMAT Syllabus PDF
• TOEFL Exam Registration
• TOEFL Exam Eligibility
• TOEFL Exam Pattern
• TOEFL Exam Preparation
• TOEFL Exam Tips
• TOEFL Exam Dates
• Documents for TOEFL Exam
• TOEFL Exam Fee

TOEFL Exam Study Material

• TOEFL Preparation Books
• TOEFL Speaking Section
• TOEFL Score and Results
• TOEFL Writing Section
• TOEFL Reading Section
• TOEFL Listening Section
• TOEFL Vocabulary
• Types of Essays in TOEFL

Free TOEFL Ebooks

• TOEFL Exam Guide (Free PDF)
• PTE Exam Dates
• PTE Exam Syllabus
• PTE Exam Eligibility Criteria
• PTE Test Centers in India
• PTE Exam Pattern
• PTE Exam Fees
• PTE Exam Duration
• PTE Exam Registration

PTE Exam Study Material

• PTE Exam Preparation
• PTE Speaking Test
• PTE Reading Test
• PTE Listening Test
• PTE Writing Test
• PTE Essay Writing
• PTE exam for Australia

Free PTE Ebooks

• PTE Syllabus (Free PDF)
• Duolingo Exam
• Duolingo Test Eligibility
• Duolingo Exam Pattern
• Duolingo Exam Fees
• Duolingo Test Validity
• Duolingo Syllabus
• Duolingo Preparation

Duolingo Exam Study Material

• Duolingo Exam Dates
• Duolingo Test Score
• Duolingo Test Results
• Duolingo Test Booking

Free Duolingo Ebooks

• Duolingo Guide (Free PDF)
• Duolingo Test Pattern (Free PDF)

NEET & MCAT Exam

• NEET Study Material
• NEET Preparation
• MCAT Eligibility
• MCAT Preparation

SAT & ACT Exam

• ACT Eligibility
• ACT Exam Dates
• SAT Syllabus
• SAT Exam Pattern
• SAT Exam Eligibility

USMLE & OET Exam

• USMLE Syllabus
• USMLE Preparation
• USMLE Step 1
• OET Syllabus
• OET Eligibility
• OET Prepration

PLAB & LSAT Exam

• PLAB Exam Syllabus
• PLAB Exam Fees
• LSAT Eligibility
• LSAT Registration
• PLAB Accepted Countries
• TOEIC Result
• Study Guide

Application Process

• LOR for Masters
• SOP Samples for MS
• LOR for Phd
• SOP for Internship
• SOP for Phd
• Check Visa Status
• Motivation Letter Format
• Motivation Letter for Internship
• F1 Visa Documents Checklist

Career Prospects

• Popular Courses after Bcom in Abroad
• Part Time Jobs in Australia
• Part Time Jobs in USA
• Salary after MS in Germany
• Salary after MBA in Canada
• Average Salary in Singapore
• Higher Studies after MBA in Abroad
• Study in Canada after 12th
• Most Demanding Engineering Fields

Trending Topics

• Best Education System in World
• Best Flying Schools in World
• Top Free Education Countries
• Best Countries to Migrate from India
• 1 Year PG Diploma Courses in Canada
• Germany Post Study Work Visa
• Post Study Visa in USA
• Packing List for Indian Students
• Data Science Vs Data Analytics
• Public Vs Private Universities in Germany
• Universities Vs Colleges
• Difference Between GPA and CGPA
• Undergraduate Vs Graduate
• MBA in UK Vs MBA in USA
• Degree Vs Diploma in Canada
• IELTS vs TOEFL
• Duolingo English Test vs. IELTS
• Canada Vs India
• Why Study in Canada
• Cost of Living in Canada
• Education System in Canada
• SOP for Canada
• Summer Intake in Canada
• Spring Intake in Canada
• Winter Intake in Canada
• Accommodation in Canada for Students
• Average Salary in Canada
• Fully Funded Scholarships in Canada
• Why Study in USA
• Cost of Studying in USA
• Spring Intake in USA
• Winter Intake in USA
• Summer Intake in USA
• STEM Courses in USA
• Scholarships for MS in USA
• Acceptable Study Gap in USA
• Interesting Facts about USA
• Free USA course
• Why Study in UK
• Cost of Living in UK
• Cost of Studying in UK
• Education System in UK
• Summer Intake in UK
• Spring Intake in UK
• Student Visa for UK
• Accommodation in UK for Students
• Scholarships in UK
• Why Study in Germany
• Cost of Studying in Germany
• Education System in Germany
• SOP for Germany
• Summer Intake in Germany
• Winter Intake in Germany
• Study Visa for Germany
• Accommodation in Germany for Students
• Free Education in Germany

Country Guides

• Study in UK
• Study in Canada
• Study in USA
• Study in Australia
• SOP Samples for Canada Student Visa
• US F1 Visa Guide for Aspirants

Exams Guides

• Duolingo Test Pattern

Recommended Reads

• Fully Funded Masters Guide
• SOP Samples For Australia
• Scholarships for Canada
• Data Science Guide
• SOP for MS in Computer Science
• Study Abroad Exams
• Alumni Connect
• Booster Program
• Scholarship

GPA CALCULATOR Convert percentage marks to GPA effortlessly with our calculator!

Expense calculator plan your study abroad expenses with our comprehensive calculator, ielts band calculator estimate your ielts band score with our accurate calculator, education loan calculator discover your eligible loan amount limit with our education calculator, university partner explore growth and opportunities with our university partnership, accommodation discover your perfect study abroad accommodation here, experience-center discover our offline centers for a personalized experience, our offices visit us for expert study abroad counseling..

• 18002102030
• Study Abroad

How to Apply for a PhD Abroad

Updated on 23 february, 2024.

upGrad Abroad Team

Upgrad abroad editorial team.

Career planning is one of the most crucial activities students engage in after completing their education, especially after earning a master’s. On many occasions, there is still a lot one can learn about the chosen field by doing a PhD. It is the best option for those who want to explore novel areas of study and education in-depth. But how to apply for a PhD in foreign university is the one topic that is constantly on a student’s mind.

Start Your Study Abroad Journey with upGrad Abroad

Table of Contents

Why is phd important and how to apply for a phd abroad, which 5 phd streams are most popular, united states of america, united kingdom, how to apply in foreign universities for a phd, how to apply for a phd abroad with a scholarship.

A wide range of career options, both in India and abroad, can be unlocked by finishing your PhD. Choosing an international university to do your PhD has several advantages. Some of the well-known benefits of obtaining a PhD overseas are listed below:

• Students can look out for fresh possibilities and novel experiences.
• They can also apply for scholarships, which will reduce their tuition costs.
• Students have the choice of learning about the culture of the new nation.
• Additionally, it facilitates networking.
• It helps students learn from the top professors in the world.
• It offers a selection of various research packages for the user to choose from.
• A PhD from a university with international renown improves job prospects.

A guide on how to apply for a PhD in foreign universities is provided below.

There are no restrictions on the disciplines in which a student can pursue a PhD. Some streams pay better and are in higher demand than others. Here are the top 5 PhD streams to take into account as you decide to apply for a PhD abroad:

• Political Science  
• Physical Therapy  

Top 5 Countries to Apply for PhD

The USA is the best country to apply to for a PhD because of the high quality of education there. In addition, the USA provides a wide range of subject options, exposing overseas students to numerous research initiatives. Gaining expertise in the specialized subject of study can be facilitated by a PhD from the United States.

The top 5 US universities and their most popular PhD programs are:

Study and Settle in the USA – Fix a Free Appointment Now

German universities offer top-notch facilities to international students, making them a center for higher education. Renowned German universities and colleges also provide thesis-based research degrees. Every year, Germany awards more than 29,000 PhD degrees to international students. The top 5 German universities that grant PhDs are shown below:

Study and settle in Germany – Consult Experts Now!

The United Kingdom is well known for its elite educational system and a broad range of degree programs. Several of the top universities in the world are located in the UK, which makes it popular with students from other countries. The top 5 institutions where international students can pursue a Ph.D. are as follows:

Interested to Study In the UK? Apply for Free Counseling

A Canadian PhD entails training and research with some of the top academics. Like the United States, Canada is renowned for its cutting-edge educational facilities for international students. A student can take advantage of several internship possibilities and post-study work visa programs shortly after completing their studies. The top 5 Canadian universities offering PhD programs are as follows:

Seeking to study in Canada – Apply Now

Australia is one of the best options for research-based programs for any PhD student. The country also offers a variety of scholarships for international students and boasts world-class infrastructure with the highest completion rates for PhDs. Additionally, students at Australian universities can choose to pursue PhD in some of the most offbeat and innovative fields. Some of the top universities offering PhD programs are as follows:

Get Free Counseling to Study in Australia

Here is a list of the paperwork students must provide to apply to one of the overseas universities. The paperwork would vary from country to country and from university to university.

• A master’s degree earned from a recognized university.
• GRE scores (For courses/ universities that require GRE, a score above 310+ is considered to be good, although the minimum score for different sections may differ for each program/ university)
• IELTS proficiency test results (an IELTS score of 6.5 overall is generally required, with at least 6.0 in each of the four components).
• Letter of recommendation
• Transcripts (of secondary school education, undergraduate degree, and graduate degree)
• Statement of Purpose

The top 5 scholarships for Indian students interested in pursuing a PhD at a foreign university are listed below:

Get all your Study Abroad doubts clarified Now for FREE: Fix an Appointment Now

A Ph.D.  is an exceptional qualification that requires a lot of attention on the part of the students and guidance from an excellent university that values research. Therefore, students need to understand how to get admission in PhD abroad at some top universities. The facts in this post will help you determine which nation will be the best and why.

How to get admission in PhD abroad?

Along with other necessary paperwork from the university, a student needs a master’s degree from an accredited institution to study PhD abroad.

Is there a test to get a PhD abroad?

Some of the most popular entrance examinations needed for studying PhD abroad include IELTS, TOEFL , the GRE, the GMAT , and the SAT .

We are a dedicated team of study-abroad experts, ensuring intensive research and comprehensive information in each of our blogs. With every piece written, we aim at simplifying the overseas education process for all. Our diverse experience as journalists, content writers, editors, content strategists, and marketers helps create the most relevant and authentic blogs for our readers.

Exams to Study Abroad

Top study abroad destinations, important resources, get free consultation for study abroad.

Refer Your Friend & Earn upto ₹15000

Help your friend upgrade to a Global Career and earn rewards together.

Similar Articles

Alternatively, use our A–Z index

Attend an open day

Discover more about this subject area

PhD Education / Overview

Year of entry: 2024

• View full page
• Bachelor's (Honours) degree at 2:1 or above (or overseas equivalent); and
• Master's degree in a relevant subject - with an overall average of 60% or above, a minimum mark of 60% in your dissertation (or overseas equivalent)

Full entry requirements

Apply online

Please ensure you include all required supporting documents at the time of submission, as incomplete applications may not be considered.

Application Deadlines

For consideration in internal funding competitions, you must submit your completed application by 19 January 2024.

If you are applying for or have secured external funding (for example, from an employer or government) or are self-funding, you must submit your application before the below deadline to be considered. You will not be able to apply after this date has passed.

• For September 2024 entry: 30 June 2024

Programme options

Programme overview

• 2nd in the UK for Education (Complete University Guide 2024).  
• The University of Manchester was ranked in the top 10 in the UK for Education research (overall GPA, REF2021).
• Learn with research-active experts in the field of education and work with highly diverse cohorts of students and staff.
• Contribute to improvements in the overall wellbeing of students, their families and communities throughout the world through research.

Please enable JavaScript to watch this video.

The University holds regular open days, where you will have the opportunity to tour the campus and find out more about our facilities and programmes. On this day, you will find out more about the School of Environment, Education and Development (SEED) and meet academic and admissions staff who will be able to answer any questions you have.

For more information, see Open days.

We will be conducting our PGR virtual open week in October 2024. Find out about future events and postgraduate research sessions by signing up for our email alerts.

For entry in the academic year beginning September 2024, the tuition fees are as follows:

• PhD (full-time) UK students (per annum): £6,000 International, including EU, students (per annum): £21,500
• PhD (part-time) UK students (per annum): £3,000 International, including EU, students (per annum): £10,750

Further information for EU students can be found on our dedicated EU page.

Your fees will cover the cost of your study at the University, as well as charges for registration, tuition, supervision, examinations and graduation (excluding graduation robe hire).

Payment of tuition fees will also entitle you to membership of The University of Manchester library, the Students' Union and the Athletic Union.

Scholarships/sponsorships

There are a range of scholarships, studentships and awards to support both UK and overseas postgraduate researchers, details of which can be found via the links below.

To apply University of Manchester funding, you must indicate in your application the competitions for which you wish to be considered. The deadline for most internal competitions, including School of Environment, Education and Development studentships is 19 January 2024.

All external funding competitions have a specified deadline for submitting the funding application form and a separate (earlier) deadline for submitting the online programme application form, both of which will be stated in the funding competition details below.

For more information about funding, visit our funding page to browse for scholarships, studentships and awards you may be eligible for.

• ESRC North West Social Science Doctoral Training Partnership (NWSSDTP) PhD Studentships - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• School of Environment, Education and Development Postgraduate Research Studentships 2024 Entry - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• China Scholarship Council - The University of Manchester (CSC-UoM) Joint Scholarship Programme - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• Commonwealth PhD Scholarships (Least Developed Countries and Fragile States)
• President's Doctoral Scholar (PDS) Awards - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• Trudeau Doctoral Scholarships 2024 Entry
• Commonwealth PhD Scholarships (High Income Countries)
• School of Environment, Education and Development Enhancing Racial Equality (SERE) Studentship - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• Humanities Doctoral Academy Humanitarian Scholarship 2024 Entry

Contact details

Programmes in related subject areas.

Use the links below to view lists of programmes in related subject areas.

Regulated by the Office for Students

The University of Manchester is regulated by the Office for Students (OfS). The OfS aims to help students succeed in Higher Education by ensuring they receive excellent information and guidance, get high quality education that prepares them for the future and by protecting their interests. More information can be found at the OfS website .

You can find regulations and policies relating to student life at The University of Manchester, including our Degree Regulations and Complaints Procedure, on our regulations website .

• News and articles
• Find us Find nearest IDP offices IDP Australia IDP Bahrain IDP Bangladesh IDP Cambodia IDP Canada IDP China IDP Egypt IDP Ghana IDP Hong Kong IDP Indonesia IDP Iran IDP Jordan IDP Kenya IDP Korea IDP Kuwait IDP Lebanon IDP Malaysia IDP Mauritius IDP Middle East IDP Nepal IDP New Zealand IDP Nigeria IDP Oman IDP Pakistan IDP Philippines IDP Saudi Arabia IDP Singapore IDP Sri Lanka IDP Taiwan IDP Thailand IDP Turkey IDP UAE IDP Vietnam IDP Global IDP Corporate
• Study abroad steps
• Why study abroad?
• Where and what to study?
• How do I apply?
• After receiving an offer
• Prepare to depart
• Arrive and thrive
• Study destinations
• Study in Australia
• Study in Canada
• Study in Ireland
• Study in New Zealand
• Study in UK
• Study in USA
• Find a course
• Course advice
• FastLane courses
• Scholarships
• University Rankings - THE
• University Rankings - CUG
• What is IELTS?
• Why take IELTS with IDP?
• IELTS Preparation
• Book an IELTS test
• Student Essentials
• Education loan
• Money transfer
• Student health cover
• Student banking
• Accommodation
• Guardianship welfare services
• Find nearest IDP offices
• IDP Australia
• IDP Bahrain
• IDP Bangladesh
• IDP Cambodia
• IDP Hong Kong
• IDP Indonesia
• IDP Lebanon
• IDP Malaysia
• IDP Mauritius
• IDP Middle East
• IDP New Zealand
• IDP Nigeria
• IDP Pakistan
• IDP Philippines
• IDP Saudi Arabia
• IDP Singapore
• IDP Sri Lanka
• IDP Thailand
• IDP Vietnam
• IDP Corporate

• IDP india /
• Study Abroad Destination /
• Study PhD Abroad for Indian...
• Study Abroad Destination

Study PhD Abroad for Indian Students & Apply now for 2024 Intake

A phd abroad is worth every effort and time.

Undertaking research studies abroad is a dream academic plan for a number of international students. PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is the highest academic degree awarded to a student pursuing an advanced study in any particular field. While there are a number of Indian universities that offer a PhD program, pursuing PhD abroad has its fair share of advantages which entice international students. Completing a successful overseas PhD requires much more than just time and money. It takes an immense amount of patience and perseverance.

Why study PhD abroad?

Pursuing your research studies abroad benefit you in more ways than one. Here are the top perks of the same:

A global network: Doing your PhD outside your home country allows you to meet scholars from across the world and learn from their unique perspectives

Career advancement: It opens up opportunities for you to gain global skills and the land the most coveted jobs anywhere in the world

Globally recognised degree: A PhD from top universities abroad

adds weight to your CV and is highly respected by employers across the world

World-class faculty: Top ranking universities abroad have exceptionally skilled and experienced professors

Types of PhD programs

If you enjoy research, then applying for a Post-Doctoral Fellowship a year in advance would be a good move. If teaching interests you, then talking with the Adviser or Department Head is advisable and would help you to progress in academics. Venturing into industries is also a great option for research scientists as there are a number of opportunities available.

Eligibility criteria

While the specific requirements may vary from one university to another, here is what you will typically need:

Masters degree earned from a recognised university

Satisfactory GRE scores (you can speak with your IDP counsellor to know how much you will need to score to get into your preferred university)

Overall score of 6.5 or above on IELTS English proficiency test

You should also keep your letters of recommendation, transcripts, and Statement of Purpose ready for a timely application.

Read more : How to write an SOP | LOR – everything you need to know

Studying in a foreign country can seem expensive. To manage your finances efficiently, it is always a good idea to have a rough idea of how much money you will need.

Read more : Cost of studying abroad

Course duration

Depending upon the field of study, thesis completion and individual progress, PhD completion may take somewhere between 3 to 10 years. The coursework while pursuing international PhD will comprise of lectures, countless presentations, and extensive research.

Intake season

There are usually two intakes round the year that most foreign universities and colleges offer – one during the month of January which is the Spring intake and the other during the month of September which is the Fall intake. Some universities may also offer an intake in the month of April which is the Summer intake. Choose your intake based on factors like availability of your preferred program, your chosen institution, academic records, entrance test scores, job opportunities etc. You can always ask your IDP counsellor for guidance on the intake that is right for you.

Find out more about study abroad intakes

How to choose a university?

Choosing the right university is critical for any student aiming to study abroad. Before taking a decision, the key factors that should be considered are course structure, course fee, accommodation cost, university ranking, teaching standards, research activities, career prospects, and whether the degree is recognised or not.

Read more : How to choose where to study abroad

What scholarship options are available for Indian students?

Students can fund their PhD abroad by availing one of the several scholarships that are available:

Career scope A PhD abroad opens a new world of career opportunities to you. While in academics, you could continue with your post-doctoral project as researchers or teachers, industrial jobs are an option for science and engineering doctorates. PhD students can also work as consultants, biochemists, medical scientists, etc.

Work visa after course completion

There are a number of visa options that may be of help to you in case you are planning to stay and work in your chosen country:

Earning a PhD abroad is quite an achievement in itself as it takes immense patience and determination. Completing your PhD research demands commitment so make sure you are certain about the subject area and topic you choose. If you feel stuck anywhere, just connect with our international education specialists and we will be happy to guide you.

18001022233

Whatsapp us

15206668088

Book an appointment

We'll call you back

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Meet top uk universities from the comfort of your home, here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

• Study Abroad /

PhD in Abroad with Stipend 

• Updated on  
• Mar 3, 2023

One of the toughest degrees, a PhD is also considered the most rewarded degree across the globe. The major reason for the popularity of these PhD degrees is that you get paid while pursuing a PhD degree. A PhD stipend is basically an allowance awarded per month to the students enrolled at PhD degrees to help them to cover their daily expenses, accommodation as well and research. The amount awarded under a PhD stipend usually depends upon the degree and the organisation the students have opted for. Three major factors usually govern these: whether these students are assisting undergraduate teachers or researchers or have already secured a PhD in abroad with a stipend.

Based on the mentioned factors, students are provided with PhD stipend or monthly allowance during their higher studies/PhD degree. If you want to know more about PhD in Abroad with a Stipend, what the stipend is, its types, the best PhD courses Abroad, and much more, then keep reading!

This Blog Includes:

What are the types of phd stipends , average stipend for phd students abroad , best courses and universities for phd in abroad with stipend, phd abroad scholarships .

PhD in abroad with stipends are categorised into three major categories. These are as follows.

• Graduate Teaching Assistantships: Students, in exchange for stipends, are required to assist over a number of years in delivering one or more than one course. These are not only limited to making student tutorials, providing a support system to undergraduate students during office hours, and supervising lab experiments. Other than this, students are enabled to teach small sections of the course itself. If you want to know more about GTAs, then you must check the official website of King’s College London. 
• Research Assistantships (RAs) : Under this type, students are required to assist the departmental professor with their own research in exchange for a stipend. In this case, the professors students have to work with are their PhD supervisors and the researchers that help as support relating to their doctoral projects.
• Stipend via Studentship : As mentioned above, a stipend is basically a non-repayable amount granted to the students pursuing a doctoral(PhD degree) to help them in their studies. A studentship is an amount that only covers tuition fees, whereas a stip[end awarded to PhD students also covers living costs . This stipend amount includes rent, food, bills, and accommodation expenses. The major expectation of this degree is that you are required to do well in your degree with a continuous progress report.  

Also Read: PhD in Education

The United States of Ameri ca comprises an array of prestigious universities across the globe which makes the USA a top study destination for higher education and international researchers. In some countries, a postgraduate degree is not always necessary to pursue a PhD degree. Several universities Abroad offer direct entry for PhD programs. A PhD program usually begins with coursework of about two to three years to pass the qualifying exams. In due time, students can develop their research interests and thesis on a topic. These students are required to write a thesis proposal to prove that they can initiate their dissertation. Most of the PhD in Abroad with stipends require the students to have at least two to three years of teaching experience either by leading their own classes or by assisting teaching professors. On average, it takes approximately six years to earn a PhD degree Abroad.  

Further, unlike in some other European countries , there is no minimum salary or national salary scale for the PhD aspirants Abroad. However, the average payment for PhD students ranges between $15000(INR 12.29 lakhs) and $30000(INR 24.59 lakhs) annually depending upon the institution, location, field of study and much more. The stipend awarded is tax-free when it is a fellowship award or taxable in case it is in the form of a salary from a teaching position. In America, PhD students get various funding opportunities offered in the summer, but PhD students are paid for nine months or a year. A PhD funding package will also include a full or partial tuition waiver.

Some of the majorly opted courses and universities for PhD in Abroad with Stipend are as follows. 

Also Read: PhD in Fashion Management

Some of the popular PhD Abroad scholarships for PhD in Abroad with stipend are as follows; 

Also Read: Everything about PhD in Finance in Canada

Ans. As per estimations, the highest paid PhD stipend is at Princeton University for the computer science department at $48000 (INR 39.3 lakh) per annum. 

Ans. Students enrolled at Harvard University receive tuition fees and stipend support throughout the program. They are paid an amount of $42660 (INR 35 lakh) per annum for the students pursuing a PhD.

Ans. Usually, there is no amount payable for the national residents of the USA however there is an amount of 14% paid as tax to IRS only for non-resident aliens or international students. 

Are you planning to pursue PhD in Abroad with stipend? Our Leverage Edu experts will provide you with end-to-end assistance from the application to the Visa process to study abroad . Call us at 1800 57 2000 to book a FREE 30-minute counselling session today.

Team Leverage Edu

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Contact no. *

Connect With Us

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. take the first step today..

Resend OTP in

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

January 2024

September 2024

What is your budget to study abroad?

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

Have something on your mind?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

India's Biggest Virtual University Fair

Essex Direct Admission Day

Why attend .

Don't Miss Out

• PhD Study in Sweden – A Guide for 2024

Written by Mark Bennett

A PhD in Sweden is an opportunity to study in a country that combines a historic higher education system with a culture of ingenuity and invention. The country’s universities date back to the fifteenth century, whilst Swedish brands and technologies such as Spotify, IKEA and Bluetooth continue to shape the modern world.

This covers what you need to know about PhD study in Sweden , including information on applications, funding opportunities and doctoral fees (spoiler: there aren’t any).

PhD opportunities in Sweden – what’s on offer for 2024?

If the goal for your doctorate is to produce original and potentially innovative work (it should be) then a PhD in Sweden may well be the ideal choice.

Like its Scandinavian neighbours, Sweden is also a highly tolerant country, with progressive and inclusive laws that support LGBT rights and welcome international students and visitors.

Here's some reasons to consider a PhD in Sweden for international students:

• Creativity and originality – You may not discover the next big music streaming solution (and even a PhD may not help you understand *that step* in those IKEA instructions) but your doctoral research will be right at home in a country that celebrates free-thinking and supports new ideas
• Prize-winning research - Sweden's status as the home of the Nobel Prize (with 34 winners) reflects its proud history of recognising and rewarding research, excellence and innovation
• No PhD fees – Swedish PhD programmes normally charge no tuition fees to their students (regardless of nationality)
• Historic (and respected) universities – Higher education in Sweden dates back to the 1400s and the country’s universities are well placed in modern rankings, with particular specialisms in Medicine, Life Sciences and related subjects

We’ve studiously avoided making any ABBA references in this section, but if you want a university to take a chance on your research proposal and eventually give you, give you, give you a PhD without charging much money, money, money for fees*. . . well, there are worse destinations to choose than Sweden.

*We're sorry.

Swedish universities

There are 39 state-funded universities and equivalent institutions in Sweden, alongside a smaller number of privately funded higher education providers.

Degrees are organised using a three-cycle system , in common with the wider European Higher Education Area . Your PhD in Sweden will be a third-cycle qualification , usually taking place after Bachelors (first cycle) and Masters (second cycle) study.

Universities and university colleges

Higher education providers in Sweden are divided into two types:

• Universities ( universitet ) are large institutions awarding degrees in a broad range of subjects. They carry out original research alongside academic teaching and therefore have the capacity to support and train PhD students.
• University colleges ( högskola ) focus on technical and professional training, often in applied sciences and related subjects. They are less likely to award PhDs but may do so in certain subject areas.

The distinction between these two categories isn’t always obvious or clear from an institution’s name (university colleges may simply refer to themselves as universities). The good news is that you don’t need to worry too much about it. As a PhD student you’re likely to end up studying at a university, but the smaller number of doctoral programmes offered by university colleges are equally rigorous and respected.

Swedish university rankings

Sweden is home to one of Europe’s top-performing higher education systems, at least so far as university rankings are concerned. Of the 38 universities in Sweden, 10 rank within the current Times Higher Education world top 400.

Do rankings matter for PhD study?

University rankings can help you choose a PhD project or programme, provided you know what to look at. Our guide explains how to use rankings as a prospective postgraduate.

PhD structure

A PhD in Sweden represents the highest level of academic achievement for students. As in other countries, the emphasis is on your independent research towards an original thesis that makes a new contribution to knowledge in your field.

Swedish doctoral degrees

Doctoral level study in Sweden takes one of two forms:

A standard PhD in Sweden requires a minimum of four years full-time work (equivalent to 240 ECTS credits ) and awards a full doctorate (along with the all-important title of ‘doctor’).

Alternatively, you may choose to study for a shorter licentiate degree. This generally only requires two years of full-time work towards a shorter and less ambitious thesis (equivalent to 120 ECTS credits ). The Swedish licentiate is similar to the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) offered in the UK or other countries and some students initially enrol for this qualification before upgrading to become full PhD candidates.

The academic year in Sweden runs from August to June with two teaching terms (August to January and January to June) separated by summer and winter holidays. As a PhD student you’ll normally work more flexibly throughout the year, but some additional courses and other activities may be linked to specific teaching periods.

Supervision

You’ll complete your PhD (or licentiate) with the support of two or more expert supervisors whose job it will be to guide your work. Their roles will vary slightly depending on your field:

• Supervisors for Arts , Humanities and some Social Science projects will serve primarily as mentors. They won’t be directly involved in your research, but they will be able to advise on the direction your project is taking.
• Supervisors for Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) projects may also be carrying out similar research as the lead or principal investigator for the laboratory or research group your PhD is part of. This means they may also work alongside you or even collaborate on some experiments. However, your PhD thesis will still be an independent piece of work, based on your personal findings and analysis.

You’ll always have at least two PhD supervisors, one of whom will be the principal supervisor for your PhD. Some universities also appoint additional assistant supervisors with responsibility for specific tasks (such as training or pastoral care and support).

Your supervisors’ roles and expectations will be set by your university. As a minimum they’ll usually include arranging regular progress meetings, reviewing results and drafts and supporting you as you prepare to submit your thesis. Some additional responsibilities might include identifying and fulfilling training needs or assisting with other aspects of your professional and academic development.

PhD supervision

Our guides explain how to choose (and contact ) a PhD supervisor and introduce the working relationship you'll have with yours as a doctoral student.

Programme structure

Your main focus during a PhD in Sweden will be the original research required for your thesis. You’ll normally begin by assessing the scholarship in your subject (a literature review) before moving on to collecting sources or experimental data and eventually writing up your conclusions and results.

Some universities also offer more structured training alongside your research. This may involve attending short courses and / or attending short courses on research methods and other useful skills for your project.

It’s also common for PhD students at Swedish universities to serve as junior academic staff within their departments or faculties as part of their funding arrangements. If so, you’ll also have additional duties such as teaching or demonstrating.

Assessment and examinations

The assessment of a Swedish PhD is based on the quality of the doctoral thesis you submit at the end of your research. This needs to demonstrate that your work has been original, that it has made a significant contribution to your subject and that you have personally been responsible for designing and carrying out the research involved.

All of these qualities will be formally assessed during a final public defence of your thesis.

This is similar to the viva voce used in the UK and other countries but follows a slightly different procedure. Instead of being examined in private, you will present your thesis to an examining committee in front of an audience that may include other academics, fellow PhD students and your family and friends.

One of the committee will be an external expert (from outside your university) appointed to serve as your ‘opponent’. They will ask questions about your thesis and challenge you to explain your findings and conclusions. Other members of the committee (and audience) may also ask questions.

At the end of the examination your committee will decide whether or not you have successfully defended your thesis and can be awarded your PhD. This ‘live’ examination process may seem daunting, but you should think of it as an appropriate climax for your research, allowing you to assert your expertise and prove your qualification. It’s also quite rare for students to fail at this stage.

Masters study in Sweden

Looking to study a Masters in Sweden? We have all the information you need on our sister site, FindAMasters .

Fees and funding

There are no fees for PhD study in Sweden at state-funded universities (note that this doesn’t apply to Masters or Bachelors degrees). Doctoral programmes are free for EU, EEA and international (non EU) students.

The same applies to application fees – you don’t need to pay these for a PhD in Sweden.

You will need to cover your accommodation and living costs, but support may be available from your university to help with this.

Study grants

It’s common for PhD students in Sweden to also be recognised as staff, subject to an employment contract with their university. If applicable, this pays you to a salary known as a study grant ( utbildningsbidrag ) worth approximately €1,500 per month (but subject to tax).

Your employment status may vary during your PhD. For the first two years you will receive your study grant, but not be entitled to benefits and social security. For the final two years you will normally hold a full employment contract ( anställning ) and be entitled to support during illness, parental leave or other circumstances. More information will be available from your university.

In return for your study grant you will normally be required to carry out some responsibilities within your department, such as teaching undergraduates or assisting with administrative work.

PhD funding

Other scholarships and bursaries for PhD study in Sweden may also be available to help top up (or substitute for) a study grant.

The main source of PhD funding for international students in Sweden is the Swedish Institute (SI). They offer scholarships for students from specific regions including Turkey, the Balkans and the Baltic. More information is available on the official Study in Sweden website.

Other funding may be available from universities in Sweden, or from specific academic organisations and research charities relevant to your subject area. Our guides provide information on a range of PhD scholarships and other funding options .

Applying for a PhD in Sweden

You should apply directly to universities for PhD study in Sweden. How you do so will depend on the kind of project you are interested in:

• PhDs in Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics will often be advertised as specific projects. You should view current opportunities and apply according to the guidelines set by specific adverts. This will often mean submitting a personal statement along with your academic CV and references .
• Students in Arts , Humanities and Social Sciences are more likely to put forward their own project ideas. You’ll need to submit a strong research proposal , perhaps after contacting a potential supervisor for guidance and advice.

However you apply, make sure you check the specific requirements and procedure with your university.

Admissions requirements

Swedish universities are free to set their own entry requirements for PhD study . The minimum qualification will usually be a Bachelors degree in an appropriate subject, but a Masters is also desirable – particularly if you’re applying for funding.

Just as important as your previous qualifications will be your ability to demonstrate previous research experience . This could simply be the dissertation project for one or both of your previous degrees, but it’s important that you can show some preparation for the independent research you’ll be doing on your PhD.

The general eligibility criteria for PhD applications in Sweden is similar to most other countries in the EU.

Language requirements

A large proportion of teaching at Swedish universities takes place in English. This means you won’t necessarily need to know Swedish to study abroad in Sweden, but it’s worth checking with the specific university or department you plan to study within. Even if English isn’t required, picking up some language skills will help you settle in and enjoy your degree.

If English isn’t your first language you may need to submit a recognised test score . Exceptions might be made if you’ve completed a previous university degree taught in English.

Your university may invite you for an interview as part of the admissions process (in person, or online). This is a good sign! It means your application is suitably interesting and impressive and the university wants to hear more from you.

Student visas

Visa information for uk students in sweden.

UK students will no longer be EU citizens from the 2021-22 academic year onwards. This means you may be considered as an international student when studying in Sweden. You may be subject to different visa requirements and fee rates, unless otherwise stated.

You won’t need a visa to study in Sweden as a PhD student (student visas are required for visits of less than three months, but your PhD is guaranteed to take longer than this!).

EU, EEA and Nordic students

If you’re a citizen of an EU, EEA or Nordic country (a group that includes Finland, Denmark, Iceland and Norway as well as Sweden) you won’t need a residence permit to live in Sweden during your PhD. However, you will need to register with a local branch of the Swedish Tax Agency ( Skatteverket ).

You’ll need to bring your passport plus any marriage or birth certificates (if you are married and / or have children). You’ll also need to bring proof of admission to a Swedish university and a signed declaration that you have sufficient funds to live on during your PhD (the minimum requirement is €826 per month ).

Other international students

Students from countries outside the EU, EEA and Nordic group must formally apply for a residence permit in order to study in Sweden for longer than three months.

You can do this online. You’ll need to provide copies of your passport, along with proof that you have been admitted to a Swedish university, have paid the first instalment of your tuition fees and can support yourself financially during your PhD the minimum requirement is €826 per month ).

Health insurance

All students in Sweden will need full health insurance. If you already hold a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) you will normally be automatically covered. Alternatively, your university may provide cover as part of your study grant, or offer an affordable policy for you to purchase.

Sweden is a multicultural and inclusive country with plenty of opportunities for talented PhD graduates to apply their skills and expertise. Who knows – your work could be part of the next great Swedish innovation.

Can I work in Sweden after my PhD?

EU, EEA and Nordic students can live and work in Sweden without restriction. Other international students will need to apply for a post-study residence permit , allowing you to stay in Sweden for another six months as you look for work. To obtain this you’ll need to have completed your degree, still be in Sweden and hold a valid passport.

If you are successful in finding a job within six months, you can go on toapply for a work permit. Further information is available from the Swedish Migration Office .

Find a PhD in Sweden

Ready to start browsing some current PhD opportunities in Sweden ? Alternatively, you can look at our other guides to PhD study abroad .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

You may also like....

Interested in studying your PhD in Sweden? In this guide we've collected some of the global university rankings to help you decide the best university to study at in Sweden.

What's it like to live in Sweden during a PhD? Our guide covers accommodation, student living costs, working and other key information.

FindAPhD. Copyright 2005-2024 All rights reserved.

Unknown    ( change )

Have you got time to answer some quick questions about PhD study?

Select your nearest city

You haven’t completed your profile yet. To get the most out of FindAPhD, finish your profile and receive these benefits:

• Monthly chance to win one of ten £10 Amazon vouchers ; winners will be notified every month.*
• The latest PhD projects delivered straight to your inbox
• Access to our £6,000 scholarship competition
• Weekly newsletter with funding opportunities, research proposal tips and much more
• Early access to our physical and virtual postgraduate study fairs

Or begin browsing FindAPhD.com

or begin browsing FindAPhD.com

*Offer only available for the duration of your active subscription, and subject to change. You MUST claim your prize within 72 hours, if not we will redraw.

Do you want hassle-free information and advice?

Create your FindAPhD account and sign up to our newsletter:

• Find out about funding opportunities and application tips
• Receive weekly advice, student stories and the latest PhD news
• Hear about our upcoming study fairs
• Save your favourite projects, track enquiries and get personalised subject updates

Create your account

Looking to list your PhD opportunities? Log in here .

Undergraduate vs. Graduate: Educate Yourself On The Difference

• Undergraduate Meaning
• Undergraduate Student And Degree
• Graduate Meaning
• Graduate Degree And Student
• Graduate Origin
• Postgraduate Meaning

⚡ Quick summary

The main difference between undergraduate and graduate is that undergraduate is always used in the context of the first level of college or university education (the level where you can earn a bachelor’s degree ). In terms like graduate student and graduate degree , graduate refers to a level of advanced education beyond the undergraduate level, especially a master’s degree or doctorate . The noun graduate is more general, simply referring to a person who has completed a level of education (someone who has graduated ).

The difference between undergraduate and graduate is a difference of degrees (*throws graduation cap in the air to celebrate the pun*).

The level of education that each word involves varies depending on how the word is being used, and there are situations in which both words can be used in the same situation. For example, you can become a graduate student after graduating with an undergraduate degree.

The word graduate can mean very different things depending on whether it’s used as a noun (as in recent   high school graduates ), an adjective (as in graduate student and graduate degree ), or a verb (as in I plan to graduate next May ). The same goes for its shortened form, grad , which can be used as a noun (as in Congrats, grads! ) or an adjective (as in grad program ).

Undergraduate can also be used both as a noun (as in I’m an undergraduate at Stanford University ) or an adjective (as in I’m working toward my undergraduate degree ). It can be shortened to undergrad in both cases.

By the end of this article, you’ll have an advanced degree in all the different ways graduate, grad , undergraduate , and undergrad are used, and what they mean in each case.

What does undergraduate mean?

An undergraduate is “a student in a university or college who has not received a first, especially a bachelor’s, degree.” For example, a college student might say I’m an undergraduate at the University of Texas if they were pursuing a bachelor’s degree there.

Undergraduate is also commonly used as an adjective in this same context, in terms like undergraduate student , undergraduate degree , and undergraduate studies.

Undergraduate is often shortened to undergrad as both a noun and an adjective.

In undergraduate, the prefix under- is used to indicate a lower rank or status. The educational status of an undergraduate student is below that of a graduate student.

What’s the difference between wisdom and knowledge ? Here’s a lesson on the two terms.

What is an undergraduate student ? And what is an undergraduate degree ?

An undergraduate student is a student who is pursuing a degree at the first level of higher education (meaning the level after high school) at a college or university. Undergraduate students are typically those working to earn a bachelor’s degree (or, less commonly, an associate’s degree ). These degrees are often referred to with the general term undergraduate degree.

Outside of the US, an undergraduate degree is sometimes called a first degree. There are also other types of undergraduate degrees outside of the US, such as a foundation degree (which, like an associate’s degree, is typically a two-year degree).

What does graduate mean?

As a noun, the word graduate  [  graj -oo-it ] refers to “a person who has received a degree or diploma on completing a course of study.” In other words, a graduate is someone who has completed a particular level of schooling or an educational program—a child who just finished kindergarten and a doctor who just completed medical school are both graduates. It can even be used figuratively , as in She’s a graduate of the school of hard knocks.

As a verb, graduate [  graj -oo-eyt ] means “to receive a degree or diploma on completing a course of study.” The process of graduating—and the ceremony itself—is called graduation .

As an adjective, graduate [  graj -oo-it ] means something more specific. It’s used to indicate that a student, degree, or educational program is an advanced one, beyond the level of a bachelor’s degree. This sense of graduate is most commonly used in terms like graduate degree, graduate school , graduate program, and graduate student.

What is a graduate degree ? And what is a graduate student ?

Graduate degree typically refers to a degree beyond a bachelor’s, most commonly a master’s.

A graduate student is a student who’s pursuing an advanced degree after having earned their undergraduate degree (such as a bachelor’s degree) by graduating from an undergraduate program. Calling someone a graduate student most often means they are pursuing their master’s degree, but it may be another advanced degree, such as a PhD (You’d most commonly call such students PhD students. Or you might say they are working toward their doctorate or their doctoral degree.)

To earn a graduate degree, graduate students go to a division of a university known as graduate school , and such a program is often called a graduate program. In all of these terms, graduate is often shortened to grad : grad school , grad student , grad program . (A student doesn’t become a graduate student until they take graduate-level courses. For example, if a student graduates with a bachelor’s degree and then later pursues a different bachelor’s degree, they are still an undergraduate student .)

Some graduate studies are referred to in more specific ways: medical students go to medical school to earn their medical degree ; law students go to law school to earn their law degree.

Do you know the difference between these highly-esteemed graduate degrees and titles: PhD, MD, and Dr ?

Where does the word graduate come from?

Graduate comes from the Medieval Latin graduārī, meaning “to take a degree.” It ultimately derives from the Latin gradus, meaning “a step.” Each time you graduate, you take a step to the next level of education.

What does postgraduate mean?

The adjective postgraduate is sometimes used in the same way as the adjective sense of the word graduate, especially in the UK, as in postgraduate student or postgraduate studies.

Postgraduate should not be confused with postdoctoral , which refers to studies, research, or professional work above the level of a doctorate.

How to use undergraduate vs. graduate

The best way to sort out the different meanings of undergraduate and graduate is to determine whether each word is being used as a noun, an adjective, or a verb. Here’s an easy breakdown of the differences.

• undergraduate (noun): A college student pursuing a non-advanced degree, most commonly a bachelor’s degree. Can be shortened to undergrad.
• undergraduate (adjective): Used in the context of colleges and university programs ( undergraduate programs ) where students are pursuing a degree (generally referred to as an undergraduate degree ) that is not an advanced degree. Also sometimes shortened to undergrad.
• graduate (noun): A person who has completed a particular level of schooling or educational program. Can be shortened to grad.
• graduate (verb): To complete a level of schooling (and, typically, to receive a degree or diploma). You can graduate from kindergarten, high school, college, graduate school, medical school, etc.
• graduate (adjective): Used in the context of advanced schooling—a level beyond a bachelor’s degree, most commonly a master’s program. Used in terms like graduate student , graduate school , graduate degree , graduate program , graduate courses , etc. Often shortened to grad.

Examples of undergraduate, undergrad, graduate, and grad used in a sentence

Let’s look at some examples of these words in actual, real-life use to get the meanings straight.

• As an undergraduate, she had studied engineering; as a graduate student, she switched to architecture.
• I completed my undergraduate degree after five years and a lot of hard work.
• As a graduate student, you will be expected to complete a thesis.
• You should start thinking about graduate school applications before you graduate.
• Most of the applicants for this position are recent college graduates.
• I’m still an undergrad, but I’m hoping to start grad school next fall.
• I’m a UGA grad, but I almost went to Georgia Tech.

Go Behind The Words!

• By clicking "Sign Up", you are accepting Dictionary.com Terms & Conditions and Privacy policies.
• Name This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

No matter who is graduating, here are tips on how to craft a perfect congratulations card for their achievement.

Trending Words

Language Stories

[ mis -tr uh l ]

• Email This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Search NYU Steinhardt

PhD in Clinical/Counseling Psychology

Research from faculty in the Clinical/Counseling Psychology program is conducted in laboratories at New York University and the schools, hospitals, neighborhoods, and community settings in New York. Additionally, international research is a cornerstone of the program, with faculty and students engaged in studying developmental processes and contextual influences across countries such as China, Argentina, Denmark, and Korea. We work closely with our affiliated global faculty at NYU Shanghai and NYU Abu Dhabi campuses.

Student Research

Students participate in the research team of a faculty member of the Clinical/Counseling Psychology program (or another Applied Psychology faculty, by program approval), beginning the first semester of the first year. Students are expected to allocate half of their time (at least 20 hours per week) to this research team throughout their graduate career. Students are free to transition to another team or collaborate with other research labs and/or research centers during their doctoral training. It is expected that student research experience will entail research productivity, including papers, grant writing, presentations, and publications.

Areas of Research Focus:

• Women and depression; immigrant women; cross-cultural research; feminist epistemology and social action
• Development of prevention, intervention, and service delivery models for youth at risk for or affected with disruptive behavior disorders
• Development of, and social response to, violence and antisocial behavior, focusing on psychopathology, criminal justice systems response, and the role of gender and adolescence
• Immigration, community contexts, individual differences, and racial minority status and the mental health of Asian American individuals and families
• Multicultural assessment and counselor training; qualitative research methods; intelligence testing with diverse populations
• Psychosocial and cultural predictors of health among ethnic minority cancer survivors; development of culturally-sensitive psychosocial interventions; individual differences in emotion regulation and negative self-reflection
• LGBTQIA+ psychology (including homonegative microaggressions) and psychological assessment

Affiliated Research Centers and Institutes

The Consortium for Research and Evaluation of Advanced Technologies in Education (CREATE)  engages in research on the design, critique, and evaluation of wide-ranging advanced digital technologies for learning. Projects housed in the consortium involve interdisciplinary teams of scholars and developers who bridge basic and applied research, development, and evaluation.

The Institute of Human Development and Social Change (IHDSC) 's mission is to stimulate interdisciplinary research and influence social policy on children, youth, families, and communities in the context of a rapidly changing social world.

Metro Center

The Metropolitan Center for Research on Equity and the Transformation of Schools (Metro Center)  promotes equity and opportunity in education through engaged science work: applied research, program evaluation, policy analysis, community engagement, and professional assistance to educational, governmental, and community agencies serving vulnerable populations.

Affiliated Research Labs/Projects

Chinese Families Lab (CFL)

The project draws from both the Nanjing Adolescent and Nanjing MetroBaby study, which are longitudinal, mix-methods studies with over 1100 Chinese families and children starting at 7th grade for the adolescent study and birth for the MetroBaby study. The project is led by  Dr. Niobe Way,   Dr. Hirokazu Yoshikawa ,  Dr. Sumie Okazaki,  and  Dr. Sebastian Cherng  from NYU, and is a collaboration across NYU, NYU-Shanghai, NYU-Abu Dhabi, University of Pennsylvania, and Southeast University in China. We are interested in how the changing social, economic, and cultural context influences Chinese parents' parenting practices and children’s development. The project has finished a ten-year follow-up from the MetroBaby project in 2016. Ongoing research papers under development include examining Chinese mothers’ and fathers gender socialization, adolescents' gender beliefs and their academic achievements, gender beliefs and friendship quality, parents' workplace climate and families' mental health, etc. 

The Culture, Emotion, and Health Lab (CEH)

CEH is directed by  William Tsai, Ph.D.  The lab studies how people regulate their emotions, cope with stress, and how these processes lead to health and well-being. We focus our research questions on how cultural tendencies and values can shape the development and use of these processes. Our work is interdisciplinary, spanning across social, clinical, and health psychology. Recently, we have begun a line of research with ethnic minority cancer survivors, which is a population that experiences significant cancer health disparities. We are interested in applying cultural psychology theories with psychosocial interventions to overcome cultural barriers to reduce the undue burden of cancer experienced by ethnic minority cancer survivors.

The Families and Children Experiencing Success (FACES) Lab

FACES is directed by  Anil Chacko, Ph.D . The lab was developed to serve the families of youth exhibiting disruptive behavior disorders such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional-Defiant Disorder, and other conduct disorders. Its research aims to understand how to develop the most effective prevention, intervention, and service models for youth with disruptive behavior disorders and related conditions, or those at high risk for developing them.

The Researching Inequity in Society Ecologically (RISE)

RISE is directed by Erin Godfrey, Ph.D.,  and  Shabnam Javdani, Ph.D . The team’s research and activities serve traditionally marginalized populations, focusing on health and mental health disparities in women and youth who are involved, or at risk of involvement, with the justice system. As such, the RISE Team takes a contextual, multi-level and interdisciplinary approach to systems change and implementing evidence-based practices promoting health and well-being, working closely with community partners to bridge the gap between research and practice.

Faculty Publications

To find out more about a faculty member’s research, please visit their NYU Scholars page by clicking on the professor’s name below.

Anil Chacko

Shabnam Javdani 

Lisa Suzuki

William Tsai

A. Jordan Wright

• Open access
• Published: 24 May 2023

“I wish I had known what I was getting into”: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of Canadians who study medicine abroad

• Maria Mathews 1 ,
• Dana Ryan 1 &
• Ivy Bourgeault 2  

BMC Medical Education volume  23 , Article number:  376 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

2936 Accesses

Metrics details

An increasing number of Canadians are choosing to study medicine abroad (CSA); however, many CSA are not fully informed of the challenges that exist in returning to Canada to practice and relatively little information is known on the topic. This study explores CSA experiences in choosing to study abroad and their attempts to navigate a return to Canada to practice medicine.

We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with CSA who were attending medical school abroad, waiting to obtain or in a post-graduate residency program, or practicing in Canada. We asked participants about their decision to study medicine abroad and choice of school, medical school experiences, activities they engaged in to increase their likelihood of returning to Canada, perceived barriers and facilitators, and alternative plans if they were unable to return to Canada to practice. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Fourteen CSA participated in an interview. Expedited timelines (i.e., direct entry from high school) and a lack of competitiveness for medical school in Canada were the main justifications for CSAs’ decision to study abroad and a number of key factors (e.g., location, reputation) influenced their choice of school. Participants reported not fully anticipating the challenges associated with obtaining residency in Canada. CSA relied upon a variety of informal and formal supports and employed numerous methods to increase their likelihood of returning to Canada.

Conclusions

Studying medicine abroad remains a popular choice for Canadians; however, many trainees are unaware of the challenges associated with returning to Canada to practice. More information on this process as well as the quality of these medical schools is needed for Canadians considering this option.

Peer Review reports

Canadians who choose to study medicine outside Canada (known as Canadians who study medicine abroad – CSA) take an enormous risk because they are often ill-informed of the steps and requirements for returning to Canada to practice medicine. Persuaded by the appealing messaging from entrepreneurial medical schools [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], CSA are often unaware that offshore medical schools abroad offer few opportunities for CSA to complete post-graduate training in the host country [ 4 ] or that there is steep competition for the limited number of post-graduate positions available to international medical graduates [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] (IMG; defined as any physician who, regardless of citizenship or permanent residency status in Canada, graduated from medical school outside Canada, or for post-graduate training purposes, the United States [US]) [ 8 , 9 ]. Without post-graduate training, CSA are unable to practice in either Canada or in the host country. For over 30 years, substantial numbers of Canadians have turned to studying medicine outside Canada [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 10 ]. While CSA comprise a growing proportion of trainees in post-graduate residency programs in Canada, concerns about the quality of medical education in these international programs persist [ 1 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].

Media reports create a sympathetic portrait of CSA as well-qualified applicants who were turned away from medical schools in Canada, and after studying medicine abroad, are unable to return to Canada to practice because of limited post-graduate residency positions or other bureaucratic hurdles [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. CSA are often touted as a solution to Canada’s physician shortages – a message that document analyses have shown is featured predominantly in the websites of offshore medical schools [ 14 , 16 , 17 ]. A survey of CSA found that, compared to Canadian medical graduates, a larger proportion of CSA are male, older, have more post-secondary education, have a physician as a parent, and applied fewer times for admission to medical schools in Canada [ 18 ]. Most CSA have few opportunities to complete post-graduate training where they went to medical school and therefore decide to return to Canada to complete post-graduate training and practice [ 18 ]. A judicial review of selection processes for post-graduate medical residency programs in Ontario (Canada’s most populated province) concluded that some screening criteria (such as recent graduation from medical school and clinical experience in Canadian settings) benefit CSA over immigrant IMG [ 7 ]. Analyses of administrative data on post-graduate medical residents found that CSA were almost five times as likely as immigrant IMG to obtain a post-graduate position [ 16 ]. There was, however, no difference in the examination success rates of CSA and immigrant IMG post-graduate trainees admitted to residency positions in Canada, or their subsequent work locations [ 19 ], countering suggestions in media reports that CSA are easier to train than immigrant IMG and offer a potential solution for physician shortages.

In light of these conflicting narratives, we conducted qualitative interviews with CSA to explore their first-hand experiences in choosing to study abroad and their attempts to navigate a return to Canada to practice medicine. Despite the growing popularity of studying medicine abroad, there is relatively little information about the experiences of CSA to inform prospective students, their families, or medical educators in Canada who may place too much emphasis on publicity materials and media reports [ 14 ].

Using a pragmatic approach, we conducted a descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with CSA who were in medical school abroad, completed medical school but waiting to obtain a residency position, in a post-graduate residency program, or practicing in Canada. To be included in the study, CSA had to have been Canadian citizens or permanent residents before enrolling in medical schools outside Canada or the US and wanting to return to Canada to practice. We excluded US medical graduates because the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) currently treats US medical graduates as equivalents to Canadian medical graduates in matching for post-graduate residency positions [ 8 , 9 ].

To recruit participants, we asked administrators at overseas medical programs to email students a study invitation. We asked the Society of Canadians who Study Abroad to email study invitations to its members and post the study invitation on its Facebook page. The post-graduate programs at Memorial University and the University of Ottawa (where the authors were based) emailed study invitations to its post-graduate medical trainees. We posted recruitment banners on the Canadian Health Workforce Network and Health Worker Migration websites, and the social media accounts affiliated with these groups. We also asked study participants to inform colleagues and friends about the study (i.e., snowball sampling) and continued recruitment until we reached saturation along main themes [ 20 , 21 ].

Study invitations asked interested CSA to contact a research assistant who provided additional study information and obtained consent, and the three authors (based in Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario, Canada) conducted interviews by phone or in-person in English. We asked participants about (1) their decision to study medicine abroad and the factors that influenced their choice of schools; (2) their stage in the licensing process; (3) their medical school experiences; (4) the activities they undertook to improve their ability to return to Canada to practice; (5) their perceptions of the barriers to and facilitators for returning to Canada to practice; and (6) their plans if they were unable to return to Canada (Appendix A ). Questions were tailored to the CSA’s career stage. We also gathered relevant demographic data.

Fifteen CSA contacted a research assistant to express interest in participating in the study and 14 (93.3%) completed an interview. One person did not respond to invitations to arrange a time for an interview. Twelve interviews were done by phone and two were done in-person. The interviews, conducted in English, were 26 to 64 minutes long (mean 40 minutes).

Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using a thematic analysis approach, two members of the research team (MM and DR) independently read six transcripts in order to identify key words and codes, which we organized into a preliminary coding scheme, then compared to refine and develop a unified and robust coding scheme [ 20 , 21 ]. The final coding template was used to code all of the transcripts using NVIVO (software designed to assist in the organization and management of qualitative data). We compared across career stages (pre-residency, residency, practice) and gender during the analysis. The major themes are presented in the results. Frequencies were used to summarize participant demographic data.

We took a number of steps to ensure the rigour of our analyses [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. During each interview, we summarized and reflected responses back to ensure we understood the meaning of participant responses. We kept detailed records of the interview guides, digital recordings, transcripts, field notes, drafts of the coding template, and coding disagreements and their resolutions. We looked for negative cases and provide thick description and illustrative quotes.

Positionality

The authors are health workforce researchers with more than twenty years experience examining the migration, regulation, and integration of physicians in Canada’s health workforce. Using a pragmatic approach, we designed the study to understand how CSA navigate the system, with an intention to understand CSA experiences within the policy context for training and licensing IMG in Canada. To this end, we recruited participants at various career stages and asked about their interactions with the medical education and regulatory system in Canada.

The characteristics of the participants are summarized in Table  1 .

Eight (57.1%) of the CSA were not yet in a residency program, 4 (28.6%) were in a residency program, and 2 (14.3%), were practicing physicians. There were 5 men and 9 women participants. All participants had grown up in Canada and were Canadian citizens. Nine (64.3%) attended medical school in Ireland, 3 (21.4%) in the United Kingdom (UK), 1 (7.1%) in Grenada, and 1 (7.1%) in Australia.

Participants’ reasons for choosing to study medicine abroad largely fell into two general themes: they wanted to enter medical school directly from high school or they were unable to get admitted into a medical school in Canada. Most study participants knew early in their academic career that they wanted to become physicians and wanted the certainty of proceeding directly into medical school: “ I chose to go to medical school in the UK because I could go straight into medical school from high school. I knew what I wanted to do and I wasn’t willing to … wait to get into medical school ” [25; Pre-residency; UK]. These participants were attracted to the 6-year direct entry program that was offered by schools in the UK and Ireland that allowed them to avoid completing a 4-year undergraduate degree, which many of them viewed as an unnecessary and time-consuming requirement to studying medicine in Canada: “ I didn’t want to wait in Canada to do an undergraduate degree and then medical school. So Ireland offered a 6 year program from high school ” [9; Post-residency; Ireland]. CSA also opted to study medicine abroad because they were not admitted to medical school in Canada. Some had applied many times and been interviewed (“ I applied to the University of British Columbia five years in a row and interviewed five years in a row. Never got in.” [22; Residency; Ireland]) while others had not applied to medical school in Canada because they knew that they were not competitive (“ I wouldn’t meet [the grade point average] cut-off, and so I didn’t even apply ” [14; Post-residency; Grenada]). One participant noted that he knew he would not be a competitive applicant because he decided to study medicine late in his academic career and felt that he did not fit the typical mould of a medical student: “ I thought about medical school just towards the end of my first undergraduate degree… I suppose, if you’re trying to get into medical school, you really sort of decide this when you start your degree and you tailor your whole degree towards it ” [19; Residency; Ireland].

CSA in our study learned about international medical schools from a variety of sources. Two study participants cited an article in MacLean’s [ 16 ], a Canadian-based current affairs monthly magazine: “ I read a MacLean’s article… on how many Canadians study medicine abroad … And so, my dad and I kind of sat down and looked up some of the different schools and just kind of on a whim decided to apply to Australia ” [11; Pre-residency; Australia]. Other participants heard about medical schools that accepted students from Canada through word of mouth from family members and friends who knew someone who had studied at these institutions: “ I had heard about St. George’s through a family friend who went there” [14; Practice; Grenada]. For participants who went to medical school directly from high school, counsellors were an influential source of information (“ It was my high school guidance counselor who said, ‘oh, maybe you should think about applying overseas…’ ” [9; Practice; Ireland]). Participants usually consulted the websites of individual schools to learn more about the programs and the application and admission process. Many noted that, in hindsight, they did not have a full appreciation of the difficulty in returning to Canada to work: “I wish I had known what I was getting into before I came out here… [it] would have been nice to have had some information provided about it” [6; Pre-residency; Ireland]. They reported that there was a need for more information on the barriers to working in Canada and noted the risk of pursuing medical education abroad without fully understanding these barriers: “ People are going overseas not realizing the barriers to coming back ” [9; Practice; Ireland].

CSA in our study chose schools based on a number of factors, including ease of travel, training in English, and culture: “ I know that the culture is pretty similar to the culture in Canada and like, the language is similar. And even though it’s in Europe, it’s still … it’s not too far. It’s a five-hour flight from the East Coast of Canada ” [22; Residency; Ireland]. They also considered costs (from tuition, travel, living expenses, and examination fees): “ There was a lot of expenses with every exam, flying to different places, so the financial burden was very extreme ” [6; Pre-residency; Ireland]. Participants also valued the school’s general reputation, particularly in regard to preparing students for residency programs in Canada and the United States: “ I selected Ireland first before I would have considered Australia or the Caribbean because… they have the longest history of sending doctors back to Canada and have the sort of highest success rate of matching residents back to Canadian programs ” [19; Residency; Ireland].

Participants commented on the relative ease with which they were able to apply and gain acceptance into these schools. Applicants may not be required to complete standardized examinations such as the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) (“ There was no requirement for MCATs ” [1; Residency; Ireland]) or interviews (“ I did not have an interview for my medical school …” [22; Residency; Ireland]) and admission requirements are perceived to be lower than those of medical schools in Canada (“ I guess, having not gotten into the ones [in Canada] and having gotten in [in Ireland], I would assume their admission requirements are a bit easier ” [3; Residency; Ireland]). Participants also commented on the relative ease and efficiency of application processes which may be facilitated by intermediary companies (“ It’s like a company that takes in all your applications, forwards them to the school, takes your deposit, schedules your interviews. So that was certainly helpful for the application process. They also gave advice as to travel, accommodation… ” [27 Pre-residency; Ireland]) and the shorter time to admission than Canadian medical schools, which take roughly an academic year ( “ …from application to acceptance was about one month ” [11; Pre-residency; Australia]).

We also asked participants to comment on how their experiences in medical school abroad compared to Canadian medical schools. Participants described the first two years in a four-year program (or first four years in a six-year, direct-entry program) as similar to most pre-clerkship years in medical schools in Canada and used a body-systems approach and/or problem-based learning. During clerkship, participants’ experiences varied by location. Participants who attended medical schools in Ireland, the UK, or Australia noted that they had much less hands-on responsibility for managing patients than in Canada, and that their role was primarily to observe:

I’d say the greatest shortcoming of Ireland would be that during your clinical years you’re not given much responsibility, as opposed to the medical clerks or medical team. The medical students [in Canada], who are given their own patients and have a very defined role on the team. There you’re more so an observer, for the most part. [3; Residency; Ireland]

A participant who studied in the Caribbean noted that clinical training was done in the United States: “ being in the United Sates for my latter two years … it was great to learn the American way of practice … because I wouldn’t really say that we had much clinical exposure in Grenada, like, we weren’t in the hospitals treating the Caribbean patients ” [14; Post-residency; Grenada].

Participants also noted that they had to juggle completing paperwork (travel documents, applications and approvals for electives, credentials, and loans and finances) during medical school: “ There’s a lot of paperwork involved … letters from the Dean approving your elective, letters from the [police service] saying that you have a clean criminal record. … Every time you have a new holiday and a new set of electives that you have to do, you have to get a new set of these documents ” [19; Residency; Ireland]. Participants also had to manage logistics to ensure that they were able to write the necessary qualification examinations, and apply for electives and vacations: “ you have to schedule yourselves for electives during med school back at Canadian medical schools and that is a bit of a challenge in scheduling because you’re filling up all of your holiday time to get as many of those electives done as you can ” [19; Residency; Ireland].

Participants noted the need to schedule carefully to meet deadlines, especially for events that were held once every year (e.g., National Assessment Collaboration Objective Structured Clinical Examination [NAC OSCE], CaRMS deadlines) or those that delayed the ability to apply for residency training if missed:

I remember in my final year I was flying back and forth between North America and Ireland continuously doing my exams in between my rotations. And just to throw the Canadian exams into the loop and then for the new group of people having to do the NAC OSCE which, if you’re on that one rotation where you just can’t get off, time off, you lose an entire year. [1; Residency; Ireland]

Because CSA may apply for post-graduate training in more than one country, participants needed to understand and stay on top of multiple, concurrent requirements, forms, and deadlines while also completing their final year of medical school.

Participants quickly realized that obtaining a residency position is very competitive and described a number of methods they used to increase their likelihood of being accepted into a training program. Most participants completed electives in Canada as part of their training or during their breaks from medical school. They noted that familiarizing themselves with the Canadian health care system and potential training programs and obtaining reference letters from faculty members at Canadian medical schools would be viewed favourably in the selection process:

So these electives are perfect for that because you get your letters of recommendation from a clinical standpoint, from some of the attendants that you would do these electives at and program directors … when you’re doing a personal statement and stuff, you want to be able to say that you’ve been there so you can talk about certain things that you really enjoyed and things that … attract you to the program. [26; Pre-residency; Ireland]

Participants were aware of their limited choice of specialty programs and sometimes opted to choose programs that increased the likelihood of a match as opposed to selecting programs based on their area of interest: “ you’re limited in what specialties you have options in, because there’s specific IMG spots and they may not necessarily pertain to every specialty ” [9; Post-residency; Ireland]. Participants also applied to post-graduate programs in multiple countries where they may be eligible as some CSA recognized that they may not be able to return to Canada: “ I also applied to the States as well, that’s why I did the USMLE [United Stated Medical Licensing Exam] exams. But ah, so in terms of hierarchy it would have been Canada, America, Ireland, and then cry in a corner ” [1; Residency; Ireland].

During their studies, participants benefitted from various supports, including informal support from upper classmates: “ I was alongside a big group of Canadians studying abroad and it was so nice to have. Because they all knew when to renew the visa, when to apply for the Board exam, and just making sure that you’re on top of everything from the Canadian standpoint” [14; Post-residency; Grenada]. They also relied on in-person and online peer support, and websites ( “ …there certainly are chat forums online through a variety of websites, …And those forums tend to be quite active ” [3; Residency; Ireland]); student organizations at their school or country of study (“ we had a student organization …who helped in terms of organizing events to teach us how to navigate [the process to return to Canada] ” [1; Residency; Ireland]); as well as formal resources in Canada such as advocacy groups and residency preparation: “ There is an association in Toronto, who do offer free interview help for IMGs … They were able to do a few mock interviews for me through Skype and they gave me feedback based on those interviews ” [3; Residency; Ireland]. One school abroad had a dean who advised students hoping to return to Canada and helped students navigate electives: “ [Medical School] has a fantastic vice dean…So she helps out a lot in regards to guidance for how to apply, where to apply, where my chances would be higher, what they’re looking for on my personal statements and stuff like that, where I should be doing my electives ” [1; Residency; Ireland].

Many participants had personal connections to physicians who assisted them by helping them access electives in Canada (“ I had a family friend who is a family doctor and I did an unofficial elective with him, but if you don’t have connections, it’s quite difficult, and to get into the specialty that you want to go to, it’s like, a huge advantage ” [6; Pre-residency; Ireland]), liaise with regulatory officials (“ my father is a physician … He knew someone on the [licensing board] and just sort of explained my situation and that helped to speed up that whole verification of my residency certificate” [14; Post-residency; Grenada]), or navigating the post-graduate medical education system (“ I suppose my connections and my networks in the medical community here will be of assistance whenever it’s time for me to write residency applications ” [27; Pre-residency; Ireland]. These participants felt that their connections to the medical system gave them an advantage over other internationally-trained students.

Canadians choose to study medicine abroad to avoid the potential and actual road-blocks to studying medicine in Canada (including pre-requisite undergraduate degrees, and non-competitive or unsuccessful applications). Key factors (residency matching rates, location, costs) that influence where CSA choose to study reflect the messages on offshore medical school publicity materials that appeal to students’ sense of injustice at not being admitted to medical school in Canada [ 2 , 3 ]. CSA reported that they did not fully appreciate the challenge of being an IMG and securing a post-graduate medical residency position in Canada, particularly in terms of additional costs, practical and logistical challenges, and the toll on their mental health. CSA have many informal and formal supports, in both Canada and in their medical school host countries, to help them navigate the process of obtaining a medical residency position in Canada.

The number of CSA and the pathways by which they return to Canada remain unclear. CSA who are unable to obtain a residency position in Canada may return to Canada after completing post-graduate training elsewhere but will still have to meet the credentialing and licensing requirements for IMG. Alternatively, they may need to emigrate to work as a physician. Analyses of administrative medical education data report that less than one-third of CSA obtain a post-graduate training position in Canada [ 24 , 25 ] and that roughly one-third of CSA who apply for a residency position in North America are unable to obtain a position in either Canada or the US [ 24 ]. A recent study of Canadian medical students who did not match to a post-graduate position noted the dire financial (termination of line-of-credit), licensing (inability to continue clinical training), and mental health consequences [ 26 ]. It is likely that CSA who are unable to obtain a residency position face similar hardships [ 27 ].

Our study highlights the perceived differences in the format of medical education in international schools. CSA have less opportunity for hands-on clinical rotations at these schools than in Canada. Medical schools in the Caribbean have contracted hospital systems in the US to provide their students with clinical clerkship rotations, driven in part by the criticisms of the lower performance of offshore graduates in national credentialling examinations and post-graduate training match rates [ 2 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In Canada, CSA are able to complete clinical clerkship rotations during medical school, which gives CSA an advantage over immigrant IMG in the residency matching process in Canada [ 7 , 11 ].

Study findings also highlight the relative privilege of CSA in comparison to other immigrant IMG who compete for post-graduate training positions in Canada. In addition to being able to afford the expense of an international education, some study participants reported having connections to physicians that provided them with social capital and ‘insider knowledge’; findings that are consistent with a previous survey of CSA that found that one in five CSA had a physician parent [ 18 ] and interviews with medical educators [ 11 ].

Limitations

Interview data may be subject to recall, social desirability, and selection bias [ 28 , 29 ]. We were unable to interview CSA who had not been able to secure a residency position, who had failed medical school, or who had emigrated. Thus, the data likely presents an optimistic portrayal of CSA experiences. We interviewed few students from Australia, the Caribbean, or Poland (where many CSA attend medical school) despite concerted recruitment efforts. CSAs’ experiences may vary by region, especially in terms of matching to residency positions in Canada or the US.

Future research

In 2019, the examinations required for IMG post-graduate applicants changed (eliminating the computer-based Medical Council of Canada Evaluating Exam and requiring the in-person NAC OSCE) [ 30 , 31 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic created travel disruptions that made travel to Canada (for medical electives, interviews and/or examinations) more difficult. Future research should examine the impacts of these policy changes and the pandemic on the characteristics of IMG (CSA and immigrant IMG) who applied and were admitted to post-graduate programs in Canada. Additionally, future research should examine alternate pathways that IMG are able to qualify to work in Canada, such as through fellowship training or recruitment at later career stage (after completing residency training and/or working elsewhere).

The study provides information for Canadians considering studying abroad as well as medical school educators selecting applicants for post-graduate programs, and health workforce planners. Our study is among the first qualitative studies to examine CSA experiences. Canadian students may not be aware of the many potential risks of training abroad and the challenging steps required to return to Canada to practice medicine. Medical educators should anticipate training needs of graduates from offshore medical programs that provide less hands-on clinical experience than Canadian medical schools. Health workforce planners in Canada and elsewhere should also consider the implications of this large pool of trainees seeking to join the physician workforce. Offshore medical schools remain a popular choice for Canadian trainees, have become a steady source of new physicians, and have implications for post-graduate medical education and health workforce planning in Canada and elsewhere.

Data Availability

The datasets analysed during this study are not publicly available due to the need to maintain participant confidentiality; however, a portion of these data may be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Canadian Resident Matching Service

Canadians who study medicine abroad

International medical graduate

Medical College Admission Test

National Assessment Collaboration Objective Structured Clinical Examination

United Kingdom

United States

United States Medical Licensing Exam

Korcok M. After rejection in Canada, more Canadians pursuing career dreams at offshore medical schools. CMAJ. 1997;156(6):865–7.

Google Scholar  

Morgan J, Crooks VA, Sampson CJ, Snyder J. Location is surprisingly a lot more important than you think”: a critical thematic analysis of push and pull factor messaging used on caribbean offshore medical school websites. BMC Med Educ. 2017;17(99):E1–9.

Morgan J, Crooks VA, Snyder J. We have been forced to move away from home”: print news coverage of canadian studying abroad at Caribbean offshore medical schools. BMC Med Educ. 2017;17(228):E1–13.

Watts W, Davies JC, Metcalfe D. The canadian international medical graduate bottleneck: a new problem for new doctors. CMEJ. 2011;2(2):E86–90.

Barer ML, Evans RG, Hedden L. False hope for Canadians who study medicine abroad. CMAJ. 2014;186(7):552. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.131704

Article   Google Scholar  

Buske L. Number of “Canadian IMGs” seeking residency training soars. Canadian Medical Association Bulletin. Canadian Collaborative Center for Physician Resources; 2010.

Thomson G, Cohl K. IMG selection: independent review of access to postgraduate programs by international medical graduates in Ontario. Volume 2: analysis and background. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and the Council of Ontario Universities; 2011. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/common/ministry/publications/reports/thomson/v2_thomson.pdf . Accessed 30 Sept 2022.

MacLellan AM, Brailovsky C, Rainsberry P, Bowmer I, Desrochers M. Examination outcomes for international medical graduates pursuing or completing family medicine residency training in Quebec. Can Fam Physician. 2010;566:912–8.

Szafran O, Crutcher RA, Banner SR, Watanabe M. Canadian and immigrant international medical graduates. Can Fam Physician. 2005;51:1242–3.

The Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada. DataPoint! International medical graduates and Canadians studying abroad. Ottawa: AFMC; 2012. https://afmc.ca/sites/default/files/pdf/2012-DATAPOINT_EN.pdf . Accessed 18 May 2022.

Mathews M, Ryan D, Bourgeault IL. Perceptions of bias in the selection of international medical graduate residency applicants in Canada. CMEJ. 2022. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.73320 . [In press].

van Zanten M, Boulet JR. Medical education in the Caribbean: variability in medical school programs and performance of students. Acad Med. 2008;83:33–6.

van Zanten M, Boulet JR. Medical education in the Caribbean: variability in educational commission for foreign medical graduate certification rates and United States medical licensing examination attempts. Acad Med. 2009;83(10):13–6.

Morgan J, Crooks VA, Snyder J, Pickering J. They don’t have the history and the stature:” examining perceptions of caribbean offshore medical schools held by canadian medical education stakeholders. CMEJ. 2018;9(3):E56–63.

Mathews M, Ryan D, Randall E, Marshall EG, Goldsmith LJ, Jones L, et al. At the mercy of some of the regulations”: the impact of the residency match and return of service requirement on the early-career decisions of international medical graduates in Canada. Hum Resour Health. 2022;20(15):E1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-022-00709-0

Dehaas J. Want medical degree will travel: getting into medical school abroad may be easier, but it’s tough to come back. McLean’s Magazine. 2010 Sep 20. https://www.macleans.ca/education/uniandcollege/want-medical-degree-will-travel/ . Accessed 18 May 2022.

Mercer G. Canadian doctors trained at international medical schools increasingly giving up on their home country for work. Globe and Mail. 2022 Dec 12. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-internationally-trained-doctors-work-canada/ . Accessed 2022 Dec 18.

Banner S, McKiver A, Rattanasithy S, Cassie J, Woodward C, Ford R. Canadian students studying medicine abroad. Ottawa: Canadian Residency Matching Service; 2010.

Mathews M, Kandar R, Slade S, Yi Y, Beardall S, Bourgeault I. Examination outcomes and work locations of international medical graduate family medicine residents in Canada. Can Fam Physician. 2017;63:776–83.

Berg BL. Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 1995.

Guest G, MacQueen KM, Namey EE. Applied thematic analysis. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Ltd.; 2012.

Book   Google Scholar  

Creswell JW. Research design - qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. 4th ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Ltd.; 2014.

Rowan M, Huston P. Qualitative research articles: information for authors and peer reviewers. CMAJ. 1997;157(10):1442–6.

Bartman I, Boulet JR, Qin S, Bowmer MI. Canadians studying medicine abroad and their journey to secure postgraduate training in Canada or the United States. CMEJ. 2020;11(3):E13–20.

Mathews M, Kandar R, Slade S, Yi Y, Beardall S, Bourgeault I. Realization of entry-to-practice milestones of Canadians who studied medicine abroad and other international medical graduates: a retrospective cohort study. CMAJ Open. 2017;5(2):E476–82.

Okoniewska B, Ladha MA, Ma IWY. Journey of candidates who were unmatched in the canadian residency matching service (CaRMS): a phenomenological study. CMEJ. 2020;11(3):E82–91.

Goldberg E. “It’s tough to get out”: how Caribbean medical schools fail their students. The New York Times. 2021 Jul 04. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/29/health/caribbean-medical-school.html . Accessed 18 May 2022.

Bergen N, Labonté R. ‘Everything is perfect, and we have no problems’: detecting and limiting social desirability bias in qualitative research. Qual Health Res. 2020;30(5):783–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732319889354

Coughlin SS. Recall bias in epidemiologic studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43(1):87–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(90)90060-3

Medical Council of Canada. Phasing out the MCCEE, Ottawa. MCC; 2022. https://mcc.ca/news/phasing-out-of-the-mccee/ . Accessed 18 March 2023.

Canadian Residency Matching Service. Eligibility criteria. CaRMs. ; 2022. https://www.carms.ca/match/r-1-main-residency-match/eligibility-criteria/ . Accessed 18 March 2023.

Download references

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

This study was funded by CIHR (MOP 137069) with in-kind contributions from the Canadian Post-MD Education Registry.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada

Maria Mathews & Dana Ryan

School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

Ivy Bourgeault

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

MM conceived of the study, oversaw data collection and analysis, drafted the manuscript. DR recruited participants and conducted interviews, carried out data collection and analysis, edited the manuscript. IB assisted with recruitment, helped interpret the data and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Mathews .

Ethics declarations

Competing interests.

The senior authors (MM and IB) are health workforce researchers with an interest in policies related to internationally trained professionals including IMG. Through discussion and revisions of the manuscript, we presented an interpretation of findings that incorporated our understanding of the topic and reflected the data (quotations) from study participants. The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the Newfoundland and Labrador Health Research Ethics Board (reference (#15.144) and the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board (reference # H08-15-01). To protect confidentiality, each participant is identified by a numerical code and, where applicable, we edited quotations (indicated by square brackets) to obscure potentially identifying details. Changes were reviewed by co-authors to ensure that we did not change the meaning of the quotation. Informed consent was obtained from all interested participants by a research assistant prior to their participation in the interviews. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

Consent for publication

Additional information, publisher’s note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Material 1:

Appendix A: Interview Questions for CSA Participants

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Mathews, M., Ryan, D. & Bourgeault, I. “I wish I had known what I was getting into”: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of Canadians who study medicine abroad. BMC Med Educ 23 , 376 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04367-1

Download citation

Received : 04 October 2022

Accepted : 17 May 2023

Published : 24 May 2023

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04367-1

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Medical school
• Canadian’s studying abroad
• Residency selection
• Post-graduate training
• International medical graduates
• Qualitative research

BMC Medical Education

ISSN: 1472-6920

• Submission enquiries: [email protected]
• General enquiries: [email protected]

Machine Learning & Data Science Foundations

Online Graduate Certificate

Be a Game Changer

Harness the power of big data with skills in machine learning and data science, your pathway to the ai workforce.

Organizations know how important data is, but they don’t always know what to do with the volume of data they have collected. That’s why Carnegie Mellon University designed the online Graduate Certificate in Machine Learning & Data Science Foundations; to teach technically-savvy professionals how to leverage AI and machine learning technology for harnessing the power of large scale data systems.   

Computer-Science Based Data Analytics

When you enroll in this program, you will learn foundational skills in computer programming, machine learning, and data science that will allow you to leverage data science in various industries including business, education, environment, defense, policy and health care. This unique combination of expertise will give you the ability to turn raw data into usable information that you can apply within your organization.  

Throughout the coursework, you will:

• Practice mathematical and computational concepts used in machine learning, including probability, linear algebra, multivariate differential calculus, algorithm analysis, and dynamic programming.
• Learn how to approach and solve large-scale data science problems.
• Acquire foundational skills in solution design, analytic algorithms, interactive analysis, and visualization techniques for data analysis.

An online Graduate Certificate in Machine Learning & Data Science from Carnegie Mellon will expand your possibilities and prepare you for the staggering amount of data generated by today’s rapidly changing world. 

A Powerful Certificate. Conveniently Offered. 

The online Graduate Certificate in Machine Learning & Data Science Foundations is offered 100% online to help computer science professionals conveniently fit the program into their busy day-to-day lives. In addition to a flexible, convenient format, you will experience the same rigorous coursework for which Carnegie Mellon University’s graduate programs are known. 

For Today’s Problem Solvers

This leading certificate program is best suited for:

• Industry Professionals looking to deliver value to companies by acquiring in-demand data science, AI, and machine learning skills. After completing the program, participants will acquire the technical know-how to build machine learning models as well as the ability to analyze trends.
• Recent computer science degree graduates seeking to expand their skill set and become even more marketable in a growing field. Over the past few years, data sets have grown tremendously. Today’s top companies need data science professionals who can leverage machine learning technology.   

A National Leader in Computer Science

Carnegie Mellon University is world renowned for its technology and computer science programs. Our courses are taught by leading researchers in the fields of Machine Learning, Language Technologies, and Human-Computer Interaction. 

At a Glance

Start Date August 2024

Application Deadlines Priority*: June 11, 2024 Final: July 30, 2024

*All applicants who submit by the priority deadline will receive a partial scholarship award.

Program Length 12 months

Program Format 100% online

Live-Online Schedule 1x per week for 90 minutes in the evening

Taught By School of Computer Science

Request Info

Questions? There are two ways to contact us. Call 412-501-2686 or send an email to  [email protected]  with your inquiries .

CMU Online Graduate Certificates

Below, explore more online opportunities offered by Carnegie Mellon University.

Generative AI & Large Language Models Enhance your expertise in the latest techniques in GenAI, deep learning, large language models, and multimodal machine learning with this program from the School of Computer Science.

Foundations of Data Science Designed for individuals with non-technical backgrounds, this certificate from the Dietrich College of Humanities & Social Sciences can help you make data-driven decisions in the workplace.

AI Engineering Fundamentals Have a mechanical engineering degree, a familiarity with Python and an eagerness to design next-generation solutions? This program from the College of Engineering could be for you.

AI Engineering for Digital Twins & Analytics Learn how to lead the implementation of AI + Digital Twins for your organization from world-renowned experts in CMU's College of Engineering.

Managing AI Systems If you are interested in driving the adoption of AI in your organization, then this program from the Heinz School of Public Policy is for you. No technical expertise is required for admission.

On-Campus Degree

Interested in the on-campus Master of Science degree in Computational Data Science offered by CMU's School of Computer Science? Visit the program website  for more details.

Number One  in the nation for our artificial intelligence programs.

Number One  in the nation  for our programming language courses.

Number Four  in the nation for the caliber of our computer science programs.