examples of argumentative essay for jss1

SAY GOODBYE TO JAMB,GAIN DIRECT ENTRY ÀDMISSION INTO 200LEVEL TO STUDY YOUR DESIRED COURSE IN ANY UNIVERSITY OF YOUR CHOICE.LOW FEES. REGISTRATION IS IN PROGRESS . CALL / WHATSAPP 09059908384.

UNILAG CAMPUS TOUR VIDEO - An Glimpse of Student Life in UNILAG (Like & SUBSCRIBE )

English Studies Lesson Note for JSS1 (Second Term) 2024

English Studies lesson note for JSS1 Second Term is now available for free. The State and Federal Ministry of Education has recommended unified lesson notes for all secondary schools in Nigeria, in other words, all private secondary schools in Nigeria must operate with the same lesson notes based on the scheme of work for English Studies.

English Studies lesson note for JSS1 Second Term has been provided in detail here on schoolings.org

For prospective school owners, teachers, and assistant teachers, English Studies lesson note is defined as a guideline that defines the contents and structure of English Studies as a subject offered at JSS level. The lesson note for English Studies for JSS stage maps out in clear terms, how the topics and subtopics for a particular subject, group works and practical, discussions and assessment strategies, tests, and homework ought to be structured in order to fit in perfectly, the approved academic activities for the session.

To further emphasize the importance of this document, the curriculum for English Studies spells out the complete guide on all academic subjects in theory and practical. It is used to ensure that the learning purposes, aims, and objectives of the subject meant for that class are successfully achieved.

English Studies Lesson note for JSS1 carries the same aims and objectives but might be portrayed differently based on how it is written or based on how you structure your lesson note. Check how to write lesson notes as this would help make yours unique.

The JSS1 English Studies lesson note provided here is in line with the current scheme of work hence, would go a long way in not just helping the teachers in carefully breaking down the subject, topics, and subtopics but also, devising more practical ways of achieving the aim and objective of the subject.

The sudden increase in the search for JSS1 English Studies lesson note for Second Term is expected because every term, tutors are in need of a robust lesson note that carries all topics in the curriculum as this would go a long way in preparing students for the West African Secondary Examination.

This post is quite a lengthy one as it provides in full detail, the English Studies approved lesson note for all topics and sub-topics in English Studies as a subject offered in JSS1.

Please note that English Studies lesson note for JSS1 provided here for Second Term is approved by the Ministry of Education based on the scheme of work.

I made it free for tutors, parents, guardians, and students who want to read ahead of what is being taught in class.

JSS1 English Studies Lesson Note ( Second Term ) 2024

JSS1 SECOND TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR ENGLISH STUDIES

WEEK ONE: – REVISION

WEEK TWO: – VOWEL /U/, ADVERBIALS, LETTER WRITING AND FOLKTALES

WEEK THREE: – VOWEL /U:/, THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, FORMAL LETTER AND POETRY

WEEK FOUR: – VOWEL /Ʌ/, THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE, THE FEDERAL ROAD SAFETY COMMISSION, TYPES OF POETRY AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORAL AND WRITTEN LITERATURE

WEEK FIVE: – VOWEL /З:/, THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE, NARRATIVE ESSAY AND DRAMA

WEEK SIX: – VOWEL /Ə/, THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE AND ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY: ARRANGING IDEAS IN A LOGICAL WAY

WEEK SEVEN: – VOWEL /Þ/ AND /ᴐ:/, MAKING SENTENCE WITH SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, EXPOSITORY ESSAY AND MYTHS AND LEGENDS

WEEK EIGHT: – VOWELS /E/ AND /Ə/, FUTURE TENSE, ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY: ROAD TRANSPORTATION AND AIR TRANSPORTATION AND THE FEATURES OF MYTHS AND LEGENDS

WEEK NINE: – DIPHTHONGS, MAKING SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND GUIDED COMPOSITION: A FESTIVAL IN MY VILLAGE

SPEECH WORK: Vowel /u/

OBJECTIVE OF THE LESSON:

To describe the sound /u/
To give examples of words that carry the /u/ sound.

INTRODUCTION :

The English vowel sounds are 20 in number, with 12 being monophthongs, and 8 being diphthongs.

Monophthongs are divided into short vowels, and long vowels and they consist of only a single sound each. However, for diphthongs, each diphthong has two vowels sounds, that are pronounced simultaneously, gliding from one sound to the other sound.

The /u/ sound is a short vowel sound, that is pronounced with the mouth in a round shape. It is often called the close back rounded vowel.

When pronouncing the sound /u/, your mouth is open, the lips are rounded, and the back of your tongue is raised towards the roof of the mouth. It is often called the close back rounded vowel.

Pronounce the following words, with the /u/ sound: p u t, p u ll, f u ll, w oo d, g oo d, etc.

The /u/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

u- p u ll, p u sh, r u le
oo- b oo k, t oo
ou- sh ou ld, w ou ld
o- w o lf, t o

The /u/ sound is a short vowel sound.

ASSESSMENT :

Give ten examples of words that carry the /u/ sound.
Use five out of the above examples to make sentences

GRAMMAR: ADVERBIALS (Frequency and Manner)

To explain the adverb of frequency, and adverb of manner.
To give examples of adverbs of frequency, and adverbs of manner.
To use the given examples in sentences

INTRODUCTION:

Adverbs are words used to describe a verb, an adjective, and other adverbs. It is used to tell where, how, and when an action is performed, to give more details about it.

There are various types of Adverbs, which are:

Adverb of Time
Adverb of Place

Adverb of Manner

Adverb of Frequency
Adverb of Degree

Adverb of Frequency:

An adverb of frequency is used to show how frequent, or the number of times, that an action is carried out. They usually appear before the main verb in a sentence, and they are mostly used to describe verbs.

Examples of Adverbs of Frequency are: Always, Sometimes, Seldom. Every day, Never, Frequently, Rarely, etc.

He always walks home after school.
She never fights with anyone.
They rarely see their cousins.
I sometimes go to the zoo, with my parents.
I seldom see my grandparents

An adverb of manner is an adverb that shows the way or the manner with which an action is carried out. An adverb of manner shows how a thing is done. It appears after the main verb, or as the last word in a sentence. Some of them end with “ly”

Examples of Adverbs of Manner Include: Beautifully, Neatly, Hurriedly, Quickly, Happily, Well, etc.

She sings beautifully
He arranged the clothes neatly
They ran inside the bush quickly .
They carried out the project well .
I ran hurriedly to put off the gas cooker.

The adverbs of frequency are used to tell the number of times, or how often an action is carried out. While, adverbs of manner are used to tell the manner, with which an action is carried out.

ASSESSMENT:

Write out ten examples each, of an adverb of frequency, and an adverb of manner
Use five examples each, out of the above-given examples, to make sentences.

COMPOSITION: LETTER WRITING

TOPIC: FORMAL LETTER

OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON:

To explain what letter writing is, and its types.
To define formal letter, and list examples of people, it can be written to.
List and explain the features of a formal letter
Write an example of a formal letter.

Letter writing has to do with writing a message, to communicate a thing to another person. Letter writing is an important type of writing that should be learnt. There are three types of letters, which are: Formal, Semi-formal and Informal Letters

Formal Letters: Formal letters are letters that are written to important people in society. It is official and formal in nature. It is usually written to people such as; The President, Governors, School Principals, Head Teachers, Teachers, Ministers, etc.

A formal letter is different from an informal letter, in terms of the type of people it is written to, and the structure of the letter.

THE FEATURES OF A FORMAL LETTER

A formal letter should contain the features explained below, as they give the structure when writing it.

The Address of the Writer: A formal letter starts with the address of the writer, which is written at the top right corner. It contains the house number, street, town, and state of the writer. And in a situation, whereby the letter is written to someone in another country, the Country of the writer must be stated in the address.
Date: The date the letter was written, must appear after the address of the writer. It should be written in a clear format of Day, Month, and Year, or Month, Day and Year.
The Name or Position of the Receiver: The next thing to write is the name, or position of the receiver of the letter. In a situation where you don’t know the name of the receiver, you write only their position. For example The Principal, The Governor. This is written on the left side, immediately after the date has been written.
The Address of the Receiver: The address of the receiver of the letter is also written. It is usually their official address that is written, in a formal letter, mostly their workplace address.
Salutation: This is in the form of “Dear Sir,” or “Dear Ma,”; depending on who you are addressing the letter to. However, if you don’t know the gender of the person, you write “Dear Sir/Ma,”.
Title: The title of the letter comes next; this is where you write a short description of why you are writing the letter. For example, “Permission to go home before school closes”.
Introduction: In the introduction of a formal letter, you immediately introduce yourself with your name, and state why you are writing the letter. There is no need for pleasantries and greeting. Keep it formal!
Body: This is where you explain fully, your reason for writing the letter. It must not be too long. Go straight to the point, and be formal in the words you use.
Conclusion: Write a conclusion afterwards, to bring your letter to an end. You can ask the person to give you a reply, if such is needed.
Complimentary Close: A complimentary close is given in form of “Yours faithfully,” and a comma is added as written. This is written at the right bottom corner of the letter.
Signature: You then input your signature, after the complimentary close.
Name of the Writer: You end by writing your name; first name, then your last name.

EXAMPLE OF A FORMAL LETTER

Write a letter to your local government chairman, telling him about the bad road in your street, and how it urgently needs to be repaired, in order to avoid accidents.

5, Austin Street,

Lagos State.

5th February 2021.

The Local Government Chairman,

Oshodi-Isolo Local Government,

Oshodi, Lagos.

P.O. Box 4556.

LETTER TO APPEAL FOR THE REPAIR OF THE ROAD AT AUSTIN STREET IN OSHODI

Good day, sir. My name is Cynthia Daniels. I live at No 5, Austin street in Oshodi, which happens to be an area under the local government you head. I am writing this letter to inform you of the urgent need to repair the road in the above-named street, to avoid accidents, and other damages to lives, and properties.

The road leading into the street is bad, and commuters find it very difficult to drive in every day. Also, as a result of the bad road, vehicles are usually involved in one form of accident or the other, as a big pothole at the beginning of the street, disturbs their navigation.

I would really be glad, if this letter is well responded to, and action is taken immediately, to repair the road. Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

Cynthia Daniels.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: FOLKTALES

OBJECTIVES:

To explain folktales
To know the features of African folktales

Folktales are old stories that are passed down from one generation to another, through storytelling.

Folktales (or folk tales) are stories passed down through generations, mainly by telling. Different kinds of folktales include fairy tales (or fairytale)Folktales are stories that grew out of the lives and imaginations of the people or folk. They have always been children’s favourite type of folk literature

Characteristics of Folktales

Settings: Most folktale settings remove the tale from the real world, taking us to a time and place where animals talk, witches and wizards roam, and magic spells are commonplace. The settings are usually unimportant and described and referred to in vague terms.
Themes: The themes in folk literature are usually quite simple, but serious and powerful Folktale themes espouse the virtues of compassion, generosity, and humility over the vices of greed, selfishness, and excessive pride.
Style: The style of language is economical, with a minimal amount of description and a heavy reliance on formulaic patterns, e.g., conventional openings and closings. Some folktales have a powerful visual image.

CONCLUSION:

Folktales can be of different forms: legends, myths, fairy tales, etc. and most importantly, they are used to teach morals

Read a folktale story in your school textbook, and bring out the moral lessons in it.

What is a folktale?
List and explain the characteristics of a folklore.
From the comprehension passage above, answer the following questions-

SPEECH WORK: VOWEL /u:/ SOUND

To describe the vowel sound /u:/
To give examples of words that carry the sound /u:/

The vowel sound /u:/ is the long form of the short vowel /u/

The /u:/ sound is the long form of the /u/ sound. It is easily differentiated from the /u/ sound with the use of “:”, and it is also voiced, like other vowel sounds.

When the long /u:/ sound is produced, the mouth is open, the lips rounded, and the back of the tongue is raised towards the roof of the mouth. However, it is higher and pronounced longer than the short /u/ sound.

Pronounce the following examples of words, with the /u:/ sound: sch oo l, gr ou p, t oo l, r ue , etc.

The /u:/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

oo- h oo t, m oo d, l oo t, t oo l
ou- s ou p, gr ou p,
u- r u de, fl u
ue- r ue , d ue , tr ue
ew- scr ew , br ew , cr ew , d ew

The /u:/ sound is a vowel sound, and the mouth is put in a round shape when pronouncing it.

Give ten examples of words that carry the /u:/ sound.
Use five words out of the examples above, to make five sentences.
In a tabular form, classify the following words, in terms of the sounds that appear in them, whether /u/ or /u:/

Sun, amuse, beauty, plus, flu, hut, jump, ewe, group, hew, rug, up, fluid.

GRAMMAR: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

To define simple present tense
Give examples of verbs in the simple present tense form.

Tenses refer to the time that an action takes place. It is used to show whether an action just took place, is taking place or will take place.

There are three types of tenses, which are: Present Tense, Past Tense and Future Tense.

The Simple Present tense is the tense used to show an action, that takes place habitually, or regularly. It is also used to express a universal truth or a well-known fact.

Examples are: buy, go, sweep, love, beat, dance, walk, eat, sleep, etc.

The Simple Present Tense takes either the singular or plural form. The singular form of verbs in the simple present tense take “s” or “es”, at the end. And it is only used with the third person singular pronouns: He, She. It. While, other pronouns, such as: I, We, They, You. take the plural form, which has no “s” or “es”,

She sleeps early every day.
Her mother cooks rice on Sundays.
He buys petrol from the filling station behind the house.
They dance at parties.

The Simple Present Tense shows an action that takes place regularly, and it could be in either singular or plural form.

Write out the following words in their simple present tense form, and make sentences with them:

Flew, drank, fried, love, helped, sang, put, rose.

COMPOSITION: WRITE A LETTER TO THE SCHOOL AUTHORITY

7, Jubril Street,

29 th January 2021

The Principal,

Petros Group of Schools,

Oregun Ikeja,

P.O. Box 3489

LETTER TO SEEK PERMISSION TO START A RED CROSS CLUB IN THE SCHOOL

Good day, ma. My name is David Festus, and I am a JSS 1 student of Petros Group of Schools. I am writing this letter, to seek your permission to start a Red cross club in the school, to serve as a means of helping students learn about health, and other important things.

The red cross society is one that caters to the health needs of people in the society. They teach their members how to prevent accidents, help people with health challenges, make use of first aid, etc. If such a club is established in our school, it would help students know how to do important things, as it concerns their health, and help other people in need too.

I would be really glad, if my letter is well responded to, and my suggestion accepted. Thank you, ma.

David Festus.

LITERATURE-IN- ENGLISH: INTRODUCTION TO POETRY

To define what poetry is
To state and explain the features of poetry

Literature is the imitation of life. It is like a mirror of the society, that tells of the happenings in our society, and how it affects us as people living in the society.

Literature is divided into three genres, namely:

Poetry is one of the genres of literature that is written in stanzas and verses. It is the use of words, to get certain emotions and feelings, in people. It makes use of elements such as rhyme, rhythm, symbolism, and other literary elements, in order to get a certain reaction from readers.

It simply has to do with writing a poem.

FEATURES OF POETRY

Poetry as a genre of literature has some features that make it unique, as an aspect of literature. Some of these features are as follows:

Imagery: Imagery has to do with using words to paint pictures in the mind of a reader, and it is a very important aspect of poetry. The poet makes use of words in a way, that the readers can imagine what he wrote about.
Rhyme: This is another important feature of poetry, that has to do with the use of words with similar sounds, to end each line of a poem, in order to make it sound like music.
Figurative language: Poetry also makes use of figures of speech, which makes it interesting. It also makes the reader think, or ponder on the message being passed across, by the writer.

Poetry is an aspect of literature, that is used to elicit emotions, and feelings in readers. It is a unique aspect of literature, that is in form of stanzas and verses.

Write a poem of eight lines on the title: Life is Beautiful

SPEECH WORK: VOWEL / ʌ \ SOUND

To describe the sound /ʌ\
To give examples of words, that have the sound /ʌ\

The /ʌ\ sound is one of the short vowel sounds, and it is voiced.

The sound /ʌ\ is a short vowel sound, that is produced with the middle of the tongue raised. It is a central vowel, and it is voiced.

Pronounce the following words with the sound /ʌ: S u n, c o me, r ou gh, d oe s, fl oo d.

The /ʌ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

u- b u t, r u t, d u mp
o- s o n, d o zen,
ou- c ou sin, c ou ntry
oo- fl oo d, bl oo d

The /ʌ\ sound is produced with the mouth, in a neutral position.

Write out ten words that carry the /ʌ\ sound.
Use five out of the ten words, to make five sentences each.

GRAMMAR: THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Define the Simple past tense
Give examples of words in the simple past tense form
Use the above examples in sentences

The Simple past tense is used to show an action that just took place, and is no longer happening at the present moment. It is used to show an already completed action.

Examples are: Slept, bought, fought, ran, cooked, worked, swept, danced, etc.

The Simple present tense remains the same, whether when used with a plural or singular subject. And the time of the action is sometimes indicated with the use of words, such as yesterday, this morning, a fortnight ago, last night, etc.

I slept last night.
She bought the car last year.
They danced at the wedding party.
She worked at the Bakery last weekend.
The tout fought with the bus driver.

The Simple past tense is used to show a past action, and it is sometimes, shown with the addition of “-ed” to words.

Write the following words in their simple past tense form

Write, rise, dig, clean, watch, flog, walk, go, come, wash

Use the above words, after changing them to their simple past tense form, to make sentences

COMPOSITION: THE FEDERAL ROAD SAFETY COMMISSION

The Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) is the government agency, responsible for making the highway safe for road users.

They assess the state of vehicles, to know if they are roadworthy, checking whether they do not emit fumes, and in good working condition. The Federal Road Safety Commission also recommends infrastructures to be put in place, to eliminate accidents, traffic and other road mishaps, to make the highway conducive for motorists, and road users.

The Federal Road Safety Commission is saddled with some responsibilities, and some of them shall be discussed below.

To begin with, they are in charge of educating road users on how to make use of the highways to prevent or minimize road crashes.

Also, they are responsible for the designing and production of vehicle plate numbers.

In addition, they also are to give prompt attention and care to victims of road crashes.

They also help to minimize crashes on the highway, as well as enforce speed limits for drivers, to ensure safety.

The Federal Road Safety Commission is an important government agency, and an important aspect of society, to ensure safety for road users. They should be obeyed; however, they are not to infringe on a person’s rights, in the course of discharging their duties.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: TYPES OF POETRY

To list the different types of poetry
To explain the different types of poetry

Poetry is one of the genres of literature that uses stanzas and verses, in its presentation. It is a unique aspect of literature that elicits emotions in the audience, with the use of emotional words.

There are different types of poetry, and while some are defined by their content, some are defined by the number of lines that they contain. Some of them are listed below:

Blank Verse
Pastoral Poem
Couplet: This is a two-line poem, that gives a complete message, or expresses a complete thought, and have the same meter. It can exist within a longer poem or stand on its own.
Quatrain: A quatrain is a poem made up of four lines.
Sonnet: A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem, with a fixed rhyme scheme. It has 3 quatrains and 1 couplet.
Blank Verse: A blank verse is a poem with a fixed meter, but without a rhyme pattern.
Pastoral Poem: A pastoral poem is a poem that speaks about life in a rural area. It is centred on the lives of the shepherd, and rural folks. It is usually simple, and it is an old type of poem.
Limerick: A limerick is a humorous and playful poem, that is made up of 5 lines.
Lyric: A lyric is a kind of poem that has the quality and form of a song. It consists of verses and choruses. A lyric is written by a lyricist.
Epic: An epic poem is a long poem, that narrates the story of great men and women. It is narrative in nature.

The different types of poetry, carry different forms and are used to pass across different messages.

Mention five types of poetry
Explain the above-mentioned types of poetry
Write a poem of fourteen lines with the title: Hard work.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ORAL AND WRITTEN POETRY

To explain what oral poetry is
To explain what written poetry is
To differentiate between oral literature and written literature.

Poetry is either in a written form or an oral form. The oral form of poetry is the oldest before the written form came into existence. Differentiation would be made between these two forms of poetry.

Oral Poetry: Oral Poetry is a form of poetry that is spoken or sung. It is usually performed live, via recitation, or as a song. It also comes in the form of Spoken word, which is an oral poetic performance, that involves recitation, and wordplay.

Examples include Epic, ballad, panegyric odes, lyric, etc.

Written Poetry: This is the form of poetry that is expressed in a written form. It is the conventional or modern way of presenting poems. Most oral poems have been transcribed into written poetry.

Examples include Sonnet, Blank verse, etc.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORAL POETRY AND WRITTEN POETRY

Oral poetry is the oldest form of poetry, while written poetry is the modern form and common way of poem presentation
Oral Poetry is sung with the mouth, while written poetry is in form of a letter of the alphabets, as written in books, on walls, or any other surface.
Oral poetry is performed, with the poet paying attention to rhyme and sounds, to make the rendition sound like music, on the other hand, Written Poetry is not written to be performed.
Oral poetry focuses more on the choice of words and rhythm of the poem, while written poetry is more concerned with the structure and arrangement of the poem.

Even though different in some ways, oral poetry and written poetry are similar in that they are both a form of poetry.

What is the difference between oral poetry and written poetry?
Which of these two forms of poetry involves the spoken word?

SPEECH WORK: VOWEL /3:/ SOUND

To describe the sound /3:/
To give examples of words that carry the /3:/ sound

The /3:/ sound is a long vowel sound, and its short form is the /e/ sound.

The /3:/ sound is a long vowel sound, and when it is pronounced, the middle of the tongue is raised, and air passes through the mouth. It is a voiced sound, like every other vowel sound.

Pronounce the following words with the /3:/ sound: herd, gird, earn, earlier, urn, colonel.

The /3:/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

er- h er d, t er m, t er p
ear- ear n, ear nest
ir- s ir , b ir d, f ir m
ur- t ur n, b ur n,
our- j our ney, c our tesy

The /3:/ sound is a long vowel sound, and it is voiced.

Write out ten words that carry the /3:/ sound.

GRAMMAR: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

To explain the present continuous tense
To give examples of words in the present continuous tense
To use the above examples in sentences

Tense is used to show the time of an action. It is divided into Present Tense, Past Tense, and Future Tense.

The Present Continuous Tense is an aspect of tense that shows an action that is currently taking place in the present. It is used to express an action that is still in progress. It is also known as Present Progressive Tense.

It is indicated with the addition of -ing, to the end of words, to show continuity or progression. And it is the same when used for either a singular subject or plural subject. Also, for the present continuous tense, an auxiliary verb is added before the main verb, to reflect present continuity. Examples of these auxiliary verbs are: is, are, am.

The following are examples of words in their present continuous tense form: Singing, dancing, running, writing, washing, swimming, eating.

I am eating
She is singing in the kitchen.
He is writing a poem.
They are washing the car.
The children are running in the backyard.

The Present Continuous Tense is used for progressive actions, still taking place in the present.

Write the following words in their Present continuous tense form:

Throw, leave, sit, yell, walk, work, stand, litter, belch, carry

Use the above words, after changing them to their present continuous tense form, to make sentences.

COMPOSITION: NARRATIVE ESSAY: THE MOST MEMORABLE DAY OF MY LIFE

How can I ever forget this day, I have been looking forward to it for a long time. All my life, I have been living in Lagos state with my parents, and I have never been to our hometown in Ibadan. My classmates spoke about their visits to their home towns, during holidays, but I never had a story to tell in that regard, as I had never been there.

During the last long break from school, my dad returned home from work and announced that we were going to Ibadan, to visit my grandparents for a weekend. My joy knew no bounds! I was happy, and looked forward to the date, as I counted down.

The D-day came, and we left on Saturday morning. My mum already packed our stuff, for the day and what we would be wearing to church the next day, which happened to be a Sunday. She also packed fruits, foodstuff, and lots of goodies for my grandparents, and also for the children in their house. We left home as early as 7 am that morning, being a 2-hour journey, we got to Ibadan about some minutes past 9 am.

Immediately, my dad parked his car, and we got down, some children ran out of the house and came to hug him and my mum. I later got to know that they were my cousins, and were staying with my grandparents. We entered the house and met my grandparents in the living room discussing. Immediately we entered, my dad and I prostrated, while my mum knelt to greet them. My grandmother stood up at once and drew me up, then placed me on her laps, as she beamed in delight on seeing me.

One of my aunts who lived there, came out to greet us and served us food. Then one of my older cousins took me out to explore the town. We visited a lot of fun places in Ibadan, places like Skye, where we ate Amala. We also went to Ventura, to see a movie and other interesting places. Finally, we visited the prestigious University of Ibadan, where my dad’s brother lectured. He was very happy to see me, and he took me, and my cousin to the University’s Zoo for sightseeing.

At this time, it was already getting late, and we had to return home. We got home tired and exhausted, but I was very happy, as I had a good time all day. The next day was a Sunday, and we attended my Grandparent’s church, which was an Anglican Church. After service, we came home. and my grandparents gave me lots of goodies to take home.

We had to return home that afternoon, because of my parents’ jobs, and also because I had to attend a holiday coaching class, which was starting the next day. They hugged us, and waved us goodbye, as my dad drove off to Lagos. It was a short visit, but it would forever remain the most memorable day of my life.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: DRAMA

To explain what drama is
To list and explain the types of drama
To list and explain the features of drama

Drama is another genre of literature, that is written in acts and scenes.

Drama has to do with a story that depicts the life of a group of people, which is acted out, by some group of people, known as actors and actresses, to an audience for the sake of entertainment.

Drama comes in the form of plays when it is presented on a live stage.

TYPES OF DRAMA

There are different types of drama, and some of them are listed and explained below:

Tragicomedy
Comedy: This is a type of drama that is done to make the audience laugh. It is usually amusing and funny, as it explores funny situations that make the audience laugh. Example: The Lion and the Jewel, by Wole Soyinka.
Tragedy: This is a type of drama that deals with sad events, and has a serious storyline. In tragedy, the main character usually has a weakness, that causes his or her downfall in the drama. It always has a sad ending. Example: The gods are not to blame by Ola Rotimi.
Tragicomedy: This type of drama combines the features of comedy and tragedy. It has a mixture of both good, and bad events. Example: Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens
Farce: This is an exaggerated form of drama that involves the use of exaggerated and ridiculous situations, in order to make the audience laugh.
Melodrama: A melodrama is an exaggerated type of drama that is made to appeal to the emotions of the audience. It is done in such a way as to stir up the senses, and feelings of the audience.

FEATURES OF DRAMA

The following are features of drama, which makes it stand out from other genres of literature

Costume: A costume has to do with a piece of clothing that a character in a drama wears, to project the kind of role he is playing. For a character in a play to bring a kind of role alive, he has to wear a costume to help him own that role.

For example, an actor playing the role of a medical doctor has to wear a lab coat to show that he is a doctor. In that situation, the lab coat there is a kind of costume.

Audience: This refers to a group of people who watch a play, to be entertained by it. they are like the spectators in a football game, but in this instance, they are watching a play or drama.
Plot: A plot has to do with the chronological arrangements of events in a play. It deals with how events unfold one after the other, in order to tell a story.
Character: A character has to do with the role played by an actor or an actress in a play. It deals with an actor or actress taking on the characteristics of another person, as the role is required in the drama.
Dialogue: This has to do with a conversation going on between two or more people. A dialogue is a predominant feature in drama, as at one point or the other, there is usually a discussion between people in a drama work. The opposite of dialogue is a monologue, which has to do with one person.

Drama is a genre of literature that is different from other genres, with unique features like character, costumes, etc. It also makes use of Acts and Scenes in its presentation.

Give five examples of drama written by Nigerian writers
Mention two features of drama that differentiate it from other genres of literature.

SPEECH WORK: VOWEL SOUND / Ə /

To describe the vowel sound /Ə/
To give examples of words with the sound /Ə/

The /Ə. Sound is the weakest vowel sound in the English language, and it occurs only in unstressed syllables.

The sound /Ə/ is a common vowel sound, that occurs in words like a, an, the . It is used in the weak form of words, and it is called the schwa sound.

During pronunciation, the organs of speech; the mouth, tongue and jaw should be in a relaxed position. It is pronounced like when saying “uh”.

Pronounce the following words with the /Ə/ sound: data, again, father, sofa, etc.

The /Ə/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

a- a bandon, a bout, a cross
e- cel e brate, cam e ra, sev e ral, fath e r
i- dupl i cate, pres i dent, fam i ly
o- c o mbine, pr o posal, c o logne

The /Ə/ sound gets omitted sometimes, during the pronunciation of words, in which it occurs, because of its weak nature.

List ten words with the /Ə/ sound
Make five sentences with five out of the ten words, listed above.

GRAMMAR: THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

To explain what the past continuous tense is
To give examples of words in the past continuous tense
To use the examples given above in sentences

The Past Continuous tense is used to show an action that was taking place in the past, for an extended period of time.

The past continuous tense is used to show an action that was happening in the past for a period of time. It shows continuity in the past. When it appears in a sentence, it has the following auxiliary verbs preceding the main verb: was, were.

The main verbs have -ing, at the end to show continuity, while the auxiliary verbs used, is to show that it is in the past tense.

The following words are in the past continuous tense form: working, typing, teaching, reading, praying, sleeping, etc.

I was sleeping in the bedroom
She was working at the bank last year
They were typing the exam questions yesterday.
The pastors were praying last night.

The Past Continuous tense is used with the auxiliary verbs: was and were, and it shows a progressive action, that occurred in the past.

Write out ten words in the past continuous tense form.
Use five out of the ten examples given above to make sentences.

COMPOSITION: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

To learn what an argumentative essay is
To learn about the structure and how to arrange ideas sequentially, in an argumentative essay.

The argumentative essay is a type of essay that has to do with supporting a particular point of view and trying to persuade other people to also agree with you.

An argumentative essay is a kind of persuasive essay where one tries to convince the other, to see things from their own point of view, or perspective. It is a kind of essay that is aimed at sharing one’s thoughtss about a thing, in order to convince another person, to agree with them.

It is usually in the form of debates. It has a structure, and it shall be briefly explained below:

Greetings: An argumentative essay is started with a formal salutation, which is addressed to the chairman, panel of judges, timekeeper and other debaters.
Introduction: Then, an introduction of oneself follows, followed by the topic of the discussion, and the side supported by the speaker. The speaker then goes further to define important terms in the topic and other important information, to set the tone for the discussion.
Body: This contains the points used to explain the reason for supporting or opposing a motion. This is the main part of the essay, where you give tangible points to convince your audience to see things from your point of view.
Conclusion: You then conclude, and may reiterate the points already mentioned in the body of the essay, for the sake of emphasis.

In an argumentative essay, one can either support or oppose a motion, depending on the sides he/she wants to take. Also, one must have strong reasonable points to be able to convince others to agree with their view.

From the structure given here, write an argumentative essay on the topic “Technology has done more harm than good”. Use strong and logical points to either support or oppose the motion.

Note: There is an example of an argumentative essay in the Week 8 lesson, check it out here

SPEECH WORK: INTRODUCTION TO VOWEL CONTRASTING: / ƥ / AND / Ͻ :/

To learn about the sounds /ƥ/ and /Ͻ:/
To give examples of words that occur in
To contrast the vowels from each other

The sound /ƥ/ is a short vowel sound, and its long-form is the sound /Ͻ:/. They are both round vowel sounds, however, they differ in the length of pronunciation, and in words in which they occur.

The short vowel sound /ƥ/ is a voiced sound. During pronunciation, the mouth is open, the lips are rounded, and the front part of the tongue is lowered, while the back part is raised to the roof of the mouth.

Pronounce the following words with the /ƥ/ sound: h o t, l o st, r o t, w a nder, etc.

The /ƥ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

o- b o t, l o t, d o t
a- w a nt, w a tch, w a nder
ua- q ua lity, q ua ntity, q ua lification

The sound /Ͻ:/ is a long vowel sound. During pronunciation, the mouth is open, and the lips are in an oval shape. The back of the tongue is raised higher to the roof of the mouth, than when pronouncing the sound /ƥ/, and the front part of the tongue is lowered.

It is a voiced sound, and during pronunciation, air passes through the mouth.

Pronounce the following words with the /Ͻ:/ sound: sh or t, s or t, fr au d, t a lk, etc.

The /Ͻ:/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

or- l or d, c or d, f or d, sw or d
oa- br oa d, b oa r, b oa rd
a- t a ll, b a ll, c a ll
aw- l aw , s aw , j aw , f aw

CONTRASTING THE VOWEL SOUNDS / ƥ / AND / Ͻ :/

The vowel sound /ƥ/ is shorter than the vowel sound /Ͻ:/ in the length of pronunciation. While /Ͻ:/ sound is pronounced longer, /ƥ/ is shorter.

Also, when pronouncing the sound /ƥ/, the lips are rounded, whereas, when pronouncing /Ͻ:/, the lips take an oval shape.

The /ƥ/ and /Ͻ:/ sounds can also be contrasted in terms of the words that they occur in, as shown in the examples given above.

The difference between sounds /ƥ/ and /Ͻ:/ can be seen as highlighted above. And even though they are often mistaken for each other, especially in the process of pronunciation, with constant practice, they can be easily differentiated.

Write ten words each, that have the sounds /ƥ/ and /Ͻ:/ occurring in them.
Use the five words, each to make sentences.
In a tabular form, classify the following words, in terms of the sounds that appear in them, whether /ƥ/ or /Ͻ:/

Rot, Lord, Bored, Bot, Cord, Caw

CONTRASTING VOWEL SOUNDS /æ/ AND /a:/

To learn about the sounds /æ/ and /a:/

The sound /æ/ is a short vowel sound, and its long-form is the sound /a:/.

The short vowel sound /æ/ is a voiced sound. During pronunciation, the front part of the tongue is pushed forward but lowered in the mouth, and the lips are spread.

Pronounce the following words with the /æ/ sound: a pple, h a t, c a t, f a t

The /æ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letter:

a- p a t, m a p, t a ck, m a
ac- s ac k, p ac k, l ac k

The sound /a:/ is a long vowel sound. During pronunciation, the mouth is open, the lips is in an oval shape, and the front part of the tongue is lowered. It is a voiced sound, and during pronunciation, air passes through the mouth.

Pronounce the following words with the /a:/ sound: p ar k, m ar k, b a th, etc

The /a:/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

a- b a th, p a ss,
ar- l ar k, d ar k, b ar k
ea- h ea rt

CONTRASTING THE VOWEL SOUNDS /æ/ AND /a:/

The vowel sound /æ/ is shorter than the vowel sound /a:/ in the length of pronunciation. While /a:/ sound is pronounced longer, /æ/ is shorter.

Also, when pronouncing the sound /æ/, the lips are spread, whereas, when pronouncing /a:/, the lips take an oval shape.

The /æ/ and /a:/ sounds can also be contrasted in terms of the words that they occur in, as shown in the examples given above.

The difference between sounds /æ/ and /a:/ can be seen as highlighted above. And even though they are often mistaken for each other, especially in the process of pronunciation, with constant practice, they can be easily differentiated.

Write ten words each, that have the sounds /æ/ and /a:/ occurring in them.

Rattle, Far, Park, Sat, Brag, Bat, Bar

In a tabular form, classify the following words, in terms of the sounds that appear in them, whether /æ/ or /a:/

GRAMMAR: MAKING SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

To identify words in the simple present tense form
To make sentences with these words

The simple present tense is used to show actions that happen regularly, or habitually. It is also used when expressing a well-known fact or truth.

The following words are in the simple present tense. While some are plural, others are singular. The singular form has “s” or “es”, added to the end of the word, and they are only used with the third person singular pronouns: He, She. It. While, other pronouns, such as I, We, They, You. take the plural form.

Plural: Go, Sleep, Rise, Eat, Wash, Clean, Walk

Singular: Goes, Sleeps. Rises, Eats, Washes, Cleans, Walks

She walks to school every day.
I walk to school every day.
He goes to the mall, every weekend.
They go to the mall, every weekend.
The sun rises at dawn.

The Simple present tense is used to show a habitual action, and sentences have been made with them, as seen above.

Make sentences with the following words in their simple present tense

Love, run, work, match, rest, follow, greet, sing, see, look

COMPOSITION: EXPOSITORY ESSAY

To learn what an expository essay is
To learn the structure of an expository essay
To give an example of an expository essay on the topic “HIV/AIDS”.

An expository essay is a type of essay, that has to do with the presentation of facts, and truths about a given topic, without including one’s opinion.

An expository essay is a type of essay that requires writing about a topic, by giving facts that can be proven, researching to bring about proven truths about the topic, in order to give a clear presentation of the subject matter.

In writing an expository essay, the opinion of the writer is not allowed, as the essay must be as objective as possible.

An expository essay is written in the following format/structure:

Introduction

HIV/AIDS fully known as Human Immune deficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a critical disease that weakens the human immune system. Since its discovery, about 42 million people have died from HIV/AIDS, and about 38 million people are currently living with HIV/AIDS, as of 2019.

HIV/AIDS is transmitted from one person to the other, through blood, sexual intercourse, and from mother to child.

HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through the use of sharp objects, used during the transfusion of the blood of an infected person, or already infected by their blood, during use. This is why it is advised that one does not use sharp objects, previously used by another person.

Also, it can be transmitted through unprotected sex, from an infected person to a healthy person.

And finally, an infected pregnant woman can transmit the virus to her unborn baby, while in the womb.

Some of the symptoms of HIV/AIDS are Weight loss, Regular Infection, persistent cough, fever, rash, mouth and skin problem, chronic diarrhoea, etc.

Currently, there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but infected people are placed on drugs, to help strengthen their immune system, and help them live longer, even with the virus.

In conclusion, contracting HIV/AIDS is not the end of life, so, one need not be scared if infected. Also, it is better to detect on time, to know one’s status, than to live in ignorance, and just die.

Also, one should try as much as possible to avoid sharing sharp objects, and also unprotected sex.

An expository essay on the topic above gives details about what HIV/AIDS is, how it can be transmitted, how it can be avoided and real statistics about it.

Write an expository essay on the topic “Covid-19 and its effects”

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: COMPARING MYTHS AND LEGENDS

To know what myths are
To know what legends are
To contrast between myths and legends

Myth is a kind of folktale story that talks about events concerning supernatural beings and creatures. Myths are usually made up, just to pass across a message.

On the other hand, legends are stories that are told about the historical deeds of great men and women in the past.

Literature: Myths and Legends

A myth is a traditional story, which may describe the origins of the world and/or of a people. A myth is an attempt to explain mysteries, supernatural events, and cultural traditions. Sometimes sacred in nature, a myth can involve gods or other creatures. And, a myth represents reality in dramatic ways. Examples of Greek myth: Hercules, Hades, Achilles.

A myth is a traditional, typically ancient story dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes that serves as a fundamental type in the worldview of a people. The purpose of myths is to account for the origins of something, explain aspects of the natural world, or delineate the psychology, customs, or ideals of society.

A myth is a story based on tradition or legend, which has a deep symbolic meaning. A myth ‘conveys a truth’ to those who tell it and hear it, rather than necessarily recording a true event. Although some myths can be accounts of actual events, they have become transformed by symbolic meaning or shifted in time or place. Myths are often used to explain universal and local beginnings and involve supernatural beings. The great power of the meaning of these stories, to the culture in which they developed, is a major reason why they survive as long as they do – sometimes for thousands of years.

A legend is a traditional tale handed down from earlier times and believed to have a historical basis. A legend is a story purported to be historical in nature, but without substantiation. Examples are King Arthur, Robin Hood. Where evidence of the existence of actual historical figures exists, figures like King Richard are legends due in large part to the many stories that have been created about them.

Legend also refers to anything that inspires a body of stories, or anything of lasting importance or fame. The story is handed down from earlier times but will continue to evolve with time.

A legend is a semi-true story, which has been passed on from person to person and has important meaning or symbolism for the culture in which it originates. A legend usually includes an element of truth, or is based on historic facts, but with ‘mythical qualities. Legends usually involve heroic characters or fantastic places and often encompass the spiritual beliefs of the culture in which they originate.

Comparison between Legend and Myth

	Legend	Myth
Evidence that events occurred / people existed?	Yes, but evidence may be insubstantial.	No
When and where did it happen?	Typically in more recent historical past. Usually from a specific culture.	Usually the ancient past from a specific culture.
Is it fact or fiction?	Facts are distorted or exaggerated. Some fiction.	No evidence to prove it as fact. Fictional stories explaining how “the world was created” or some type of natural situation that occurred on Earth.
Who are they about?	Notable people from history.	Gods, supernatural realm.
What are they about?	Often about heroic deeds, overcoming obstacles, but may also be about evildoing.	The traditional narrative that explains natural phenomena through symbolism and metaphor — often involves the gods of ancient cultures.

What is the major difference between a legend and a myth?

Have you ever read a legend or myth? What lessons did you derive from it?

Speech Work
Composition
Literature-in-English

SPEECH SOUND: CONTRASTING VOWEL /e/ AND / Ə /

To learn about the vowel sound /e/
To learn about the vowel sound /Ə/
To contrast vowel /e/ and /Ə/, with examples

The /e/ and the /Ə/ sound are both short vowel sounds, and they have some differences, which shall be explained below.

The /e/ sound is a close-mid front rounded vowel. When it is pronounced, it sounds like when you say “eh”.

During pronunciation, the tip of the tongue is moved to the front part of the mouth, then the front part of the tongue is slightly raised towards the hard palate, and the lips are partially spread.

Pronounce the following words with the /e/ sound: b e d, g e l, w e t, l e d

The /e/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

e- p e t, b e nd, wh e n, sm e ll
ea- h ea d, d ea d
a- a ny, m a ny

The /Ə/ Sound is the weakest vowel sound in English language, and it occurs only in an unstressed syllable. It is used in the weak form of words, and it is called the schwa sound.

During pronunciation, the organs of speech; the mouth, tongue and jaw should be in a relaxed position. It is pronounced like when saying “uh”.

Pronounce the following words with the /Ə/ sound: a bandon, pres i dent, fath e r

a- a bout, a cross
e- cel e brate, cam e ra,
i- dupl i cate, fam i ly

CONTRAST BETWEEN VOWEL SOUND /e/ AND / Ə /

The sound /e/ and the sound /Ə/ are both short vowel sounds. While the /e/ sound has its long-form as /3:/, the sound /Ə/ is the weakest vowel sound and has no long form.

The /Ə/ sound, which is called the schwa sound is the most common sound in the English language. It is called the mid-central vowel sound, while the /e/ sound is known as the close-mid front rounded vowel.

The /e/ and /Ə/ sounds have some differences, and some of them have been discussed above.

Categorize the following words, in terms of the sound that appear in them, whether /e/ or /Ə/

Egg, Burn, Shirt, Pet, example, ten, mother, water, leg, nest.

Mention one difference between the sound /e/ and sound /Ə/

GRAMMAR: SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

To know what the simple future tense is, and give examples
To make sentences with verbs in the simple future tense

The Simple Future Tense is used to make statements that are yet to occur but would occur and end in the future.

The Simple Future Tense is used to show events that are going to occur in the future.

The structure of the Simple Future Tense is as follows:

Will/Shall + Verb in its base form

I shall see my father on Sunday.
They will travel during the holiday
He will buy the food tomorrow

Another structure that the Simple Future Tense takes is as follows:

Am/is/are + going to + verb in its base form

I am going to travel to Kaduna next weekend.
They are going to sleep here tonight.
She is going to marry him next month.

The Simple Present Tense can also be expressed in a negative form. The structure is as follows:

Will/Shall + Not + Verb in its base form

I will not travel next week.
She shall not see him tomorrow.

Am/is/are + Not + going to + Verb in its base form

I am not going to see her tomorrow
They are not going to buy the house next year.

The Simple Future Tense is used to depict actions that would take place in the future, and the structure it takes is indicated above.

Make sentences with the following verbs, and put them in the simple future tense form

Go, Dance, Run, Speak, Sing, Work, Fetch, Cut, Treat, Call.

COMPOSITION WRITING: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

ROAD TRANSPORTATION IS SAFER THAN AIR TRANSPORTATION

Mr Chairman,

The panel of Judges,

Accurate Timekeeper,

Co-debaters,

Ladies and Gentlemen.

My name is Aisha Kareem, I am a JSS1 student of Roseline High School. I am here to oppose the motion that Road Transportation is safer than air transportation. Before I go further, I would love to explain some of the keywords in the given topic:

Road Transportation is the moving of people, goods, animals, etc. from one place to another, by the road, using buses, bicycles, motorcycles, cars, etc.

Air Transportation is the moving of people, goods, and other things from one place to the other, by air, using aeroplanes, helicopters, jets, etc.

Being safe has to do with being free from danger, and harm.

I strongly oppose the motion that road transportation, is safer than air transportation because of the following reasons:

To start with, road transportation is not as safe as air transportation, because, while there may be the case of reckless driving on the road, such cannot occur with aeroplanes. Drivers of vehicles may get reckless while driving, either due to impatience or being drunk, etc. However, this cannot occur in the case of an air flight.

Another reason why air transport is safer than road transportation is that there cannot be a situation of aeroplanes hitting each other to cause an accident like it is with vehicles on the road, whereby vehicles can hit each other leading to a road crash.\

And lastly, road transportation is not as safe as air transportation because most drivers do not check their vehicles before taking them out to drive. However, for air transportation, the aeroplanes are checked regularly, and even before it takes off, to know its working condition.

With these points of mine, I would love to state again that air transportation is safer than road transportation.

LITERATURE IN ENGLISH: MYTHS AND LEGENDS: FEATURES

To learn about the features of myths and legends

Myth is a kind of folktale story, that talks about events concerning supernatural beings, and creatures. Myths are usually made up, just to pass across a message.

On the other hand, legends are stories that are told about the historical deeds of great men, and women in the past.

Features of Legend

Characters and Setting

Characters in a legend are limited to a small cast. They may be inanimate objects, gods, or humans with super traits. The gods are superheroes who may appear in human form but maintain immortality and supernatural abilities. Legends typically take place in the past, and the setting is somehow relevant to the culture from which it derives.
Legends are usually based on real characters and events, even though these have been richly embellished and exaggerated over time. This gives the narrative an exciting quality because all the events seem to be within the realm of possibility even when the plot has become so widely adopted or updated that it is completely fictional.

Plot and Theme

A legend’s plot will include a lot of action, suspense and conflict. The characters of a legend are often faced with difficult obstacles to overcome and struggle with their fate or destiny. Legends often explain natural phenomena, religious practices and human nature. They usually offer a straightforward moral or a lesson for life.
The plot of a legend usually focuses on an individual character, a cultural hero or a person respected and remembered (Jason, King Arthur, Robin Hood, William Tell, Roland) but there are also legends about places (Atlantis, Shangri-La), objects (the Holy Grail, the Philosopher’s Stone) and legendary animals (the Yeti, Loch Ness monster, Sasquatch, Chupacabra).
They also convey meaning about the way we live our lives that make them relevant and interesting across cultures and time. This makes them worth repeating through generations and publishing as new versions or adaptations for twenty-first-century readers
good and evil
friend and foe
the supernatural
rich and poor/rags to riches/riches to rags
wise and foolish
strong and weak
just and unjust
a quest or search
trials and forfeits.

Legends, like myths, reveal information about the way people lived, what they believed, what was important to them, what they valued and what they were afraid of.

Point of View

Legends are written from the third person point of view. A legend will reflect upon a society’s culture, values and beliefs and the frail nature, or weakness, of human beings. Readers of the legend will believe that the main character is capable of overcoming any obstacles in his path, and root for him to succeed.

Generations

Legends are usually passed down through generations. Prior to printing, legends were passed orally to teach the younger generation a certain set of values.

Structure and style

The structure is usually episodic, as in the phases of a journey over several years or the stages of a great battle. Some legends tell the entire life story of their hero as a series of linked episodes, each one a story in its own right, as in the King Arthur stories and the sagas of German-speaking and Northern European countries.

Common structures include:

chronological episodes;
journey stories;
sequential stories;
life stories and community histories.

Like myths, legends sometimes use a more literary style than fairy tales or fables. For example:

rich, evocative vocabulary
memorable language use
use of rhythm and repetition techniques
formulaic openings and endings
imagery: simile, metaphor and symbolism

Features of Myths

The usual purpose of a myth is to provide an explanation for the origins of phenomena (thunder, day and night, winter) by telling the story of how they came to be. Most cultures used myths, handed down orally from generation to generation from an anonymous source, to explain the world and its mysteries, so mythology from different regions usually reflects the wonders that people saw around them in their own environment.
Myths often provide narrative clues that help to build a picture of the beliefs, lifestyles and ideology of the people who first told them.
Myths are set in the past, usually a distant and non-specific past, and are presented as something that actually happened. There is evidence that the content of some myths is based on real events and places that may have existed.
Myths explain why the world is the way it is and, for this reason, they reflect the basic principles of the religion or spirituality of the people. For example, Norse and Greek myths narrate what the gods did and how they interacted with humans.

Opposites occur frequently in myths as themes, including:

good and evil;
night and day;
calm and storm;
wise and foolish;
old and young;
beautiful and ugly;
mean and generous;
just and unjust.

Like other traditional stories, myths use quests, journeys and trials as themes. The hero or heroine often has to undergo some kind of test (the trials of Hercules) or set off on a long and difficult journey where dangers arise at each stage (the Odyssey).

Plot and structure

The plot of a myth usually includes incredible or miraculous, supernatural and superstitious events, where characters behave in superhuman ways using unusual powers or with the help of superhuman beings.

Characters typical of traditional stories appear in myths (talking animals, rich kings, foolish young men, clever villains) although the ‘trickster’ character is often a mischievous god (Loki, for example). The most notable character types in this sub-class are classic heroes and supernatural beings. The characterisation is an interesting focus for composition when children write their own myths or retell versions because the characters need to be awe-inspiring and larger-than-life.

Rich, evocative vocabulary and use of imagery are typical but style is often more literary than other types of tales so that some versions offer a more challenging read for children. Myths often include a very vivid description of characters and settings (dense, mysterious rainforest or icy, mist-shrouded mountain peaks) and fast-moving narration of action. They tend to make less use of dialogue and repetition than some other types of traditional stories. A simile is used widely to help convey grand settings and describe awe-inspiring characters.

Legends are myths are forms of storytelling, but their function differs, in how they are used in society.

Mention four features of a myth and a legend

SPEECH WORK: INTRODUCTION TO DIPHTHONGS

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

Explain diphthong
List and describe the 8 diphthongs in the English language, with examples.

The English vowel sounds are divided into three categories: Short vowels, Long vowels and Diphthongs.

The word “Diphthong” is from the Greek word “Diphthongos”, which means “two sounds”. A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds, pronounced as one, by gliding from one sound to the other, within the same syllable. Diphthongs are also known as gliding vowels.

There are 8 diphthongs in the English language, and they shall be listed and described below:

/ai/- This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /æ/ to /i/. It appears in words that have “igh”, “y”, “i”. When it appears in words with “i”, a consonant follows, then “e” comes next, as in the words like: bite, cite.

Examples of words that carry the /ai/ sound are: light, might, my, bite, etc.

The /ai/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

i- k i te, s i te, rise
igh- s igh t, n igh t, f igh t
ie- d ie , l ie ,
y- cr y , dr y , fr y .
/ei/- This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /e/ to /i/. It appears in words that carry “ey”, “ay”, “ai”, “a”. When it appears in words with “a”, a consonant follows, then “e” comes next, as in words like: plate, lame, etc.

Examples of words that carry the /ei/ sound are: they, blame, play, same.

The /ei/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

ay- lay, may, say
ai- wait, bait,
a- made, fate
/Ͻi/: This is produced by gliding from /Ͻ/ to /i/. It appears in words that carry “oy”, “oi”

Examples of words that carry the /Ͻi/ sound are: oil, boy, coil, soil, etc.

The /Ͻi/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

oi- oi l, b oi l, f oi l
oy- t oy , b oy , c oy .
/ƏƱ/- This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /Ə/ to /Ʊ/. It appears in words that carry “ow”, “oa”, “o”. When it appears in words with “o”, a consonant follows, then “e”comes next, as in words like: poke, pole, mole, etc.

Examples of words that carry the /ƏƱ/ sound are: load, fold, road, etc.

The /ƏƱ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

ow- l ow , r ow ,
oa- l oa d, g oa l,
o- mode, code
/aƱ/: This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /æ/ to /Ʊ/. It appears in words that carry “ou”, “ow”.

Examples of words that carry the /aƱ/ sound are: how, loud, down, etc.

The /aƱ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

ou- p ou nd, f ou nd
ow- h ow , g ow n
/eƏ/: This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /e/ to /Ə/. It appears in words that carry “ai”, “ea”, “a”, “e”. When it appears in words that carry “a”and “e”, the letter “r” follows immediately, as in words like: hare, where.

Examples of words that carry the /eƏ/ sound are: wear, where, fare.

The /eƏ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

ea-w ea r, b ea r
e-wh e re, th e re
a- h a re, m a re, f a re
ai- l ai r, f ai r
/iƏ/: This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /i/to /Ə/. It appears in words that carry “ea”, “e”. When it appears in words that carry “e”, it is followed by either “r”or “l”, in words like: sphere

Examples of words that carry the /iƏ/ sound are: hear, atmosphere, etc

The /iƏ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

ea- h ea r, r ea r
e- sph e re, s e rious
/ƱƏ/: This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /Ʊ/ to /Ə/. It is almost unnoticed in words, and it appears in words that have “u”before “r”, such as pure, sure.

The /ƱƏ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letter:

u- p u re, j u ry, c u

Above is a vivid description of the Diphthongs in the English language, with examples.

Write out four words each, that carry each of the eight diphthongs described above.
Use the words listed above to make sentences.

GRAMMAR: MAKING SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Define the Simple Past Tense, with examples
To make sentences with verbs in the Simple Past Tense

The Simple Past Tense is used to show an action that just took place in the past, and is no longer happening in the present.

Simple Past Tense

We use the simple past tense for events that happened or started and completed in the past and that have no relation with the present.

We use the simple past tense:

to describe an action that occurred in the past or at a specified time or the time is easily understood or already implied.

Example: We finished our breakfast an hour ago. ( NOT : We have/had finished our breakfast an hour ago.) Example: My brother played soccer for Chelsea two weeks ago.

for an action that began and ended in the past.

Example: The dangerous criminal was recaptured after three months on the run.

to refer to an action completed regardless of how recent or distant in the past.

Example: Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Example: My brother joined the circus as a clown last week

The Simple Past tense is used to show just completed actions, that is not being done in the present.

Use the following words in the simple past tense to make sentences

Ran, Washed, Built, Worked, Rested, Won, Fell, Sold, Made, Matched

COMPOSITION: A FESTIVAL IN MY VILLAGE

The first time I attended my village’s new yam festival was in 2017. It was around August, and we were on a long-term vacation from school, at the time. Before that year, my grandmother had once told me the story about how our town came to be, and why we celebrated the new yam festival.

That particular year, I was very happy to be in the village, when the festival was to hold, and I made sure to participate actively. The festival was scheduled to hold for two days, from Saturday morning to Sunday evening. On Friday evening, people started arriving from different parts of the country to the village, to attend the festival. It was during that period that I met one of my uncles who lives in Port Harcourt, with his family. I also got to meet some of my cousins too.

On Friday morning, the men in the village began to harvest yams from their farms, while the youths and children carried them home, in big baskets. Immediately, women in every household came together to cook different delicacies like Egusi, Vegetable soup, Oha, Abacha, etc. Yams were also cut and boiled, to prepare for pounding.

I joined the young boys to get firewood and helped with carrying palm wine, tapped by the youths, while the girls assisted the women with the cooking. Early on Saturday morning by 6 am, the women started pounding yam, and finishing up on other meals.

By 10 am, that day, the festival began in full gear, with the young ladies dancing to the sound of the drums, as beaten by the young men. Wrestling matches were done, as well as Masquerades display. Everyone ate to the fullest, and even took some food home, afterwards.

By Sunday evening, we all went to the King’s palace for the final round of the festival, where every household head was given a gift by the King.

It was a great festival, and I look forward to attending it every year.

Hope you got what you visited this page for? The above is the lesson note for English Studies for JSS1 class. However, you can download the free PDF file for record purposes.

If you have any questions as regards English Studies lesson note For JSS1 class, kindly send them to us via the comment section below and we shall respond accordingly as usual.

JSS1 English Language Third Term: Argumentative Essay and the use of “how”

Emmanuel Abara Benson
June 22, 2017
No Comments

examples of argumentative essay for jss1

Grammar- Interrogative Adverb (the use of “how”)

Meaning of Argumentative Essay: It requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

General Approach

Two things need to be planned out:

a. The arguments – for and against. We call these the pros and the cons

b. The relevant facts

The skill comes in developing your arguments, and in supporting them in a logical way by the facts.

1. Make sure that you have read and understood the question. In particular, check whether you are required to develop only one side of the case, or whether you are required to consider both the pros and the cons. Usually, you will be asked to argue for or against a point of view.

2. Jot down in note form all the relevant arguments you can think of.

3. Decide which arguments seem stronger, and try to form your own opinion

4. Plan you essay. Rearrange the arguments under the headings For and Against (or Pro and Con), and jot down next to each one any relevant facts that you can think of. In your plan consider, and then demolish the arguments you disagree with first. Here is an example;

a) Introduction

b) Pros (arguments for X)

c) Cons (arguments against X; it may be that you are mentioning them in order to attack them!)

d) Conclusion

How to Write an Argumentative Essay

To write an argumentative essay, the writer should first of all choose a topic that gives them a platform to argue.
The writer then gathers information about the topic.
In writing, the writer provides a clear thesis statement in the first paragraph.
The writer then writes the essay using logical and clear transitions between the paragraphs.

Skill Focus: Reading Widely

There are many different kinds of books. They include:

These are used to study your school subject

2. Reference books

You use these to find information that you need . Reference books include dictionaries , encyclopedias, and other books, such as the telephone directory.

3. General books

These books are not for study: they are for enjoyment, or pleasure. They fall into two general categories:

Fiction: These books tell stories. They may be traditional African stories, like the palm oil daughter. Others are stories of modern life.
Non- fiction: These contain true information about the world: there are many different types of non-fiction books. They may be about science, or sport, or the way people live. Some of them may be about famous people like Tai Solarin, Nelson Mandela or Muhammad Ali

Try to get into the habit of reading books on your own, for pleasure. Reading for pleasure is both enjoyable, and useful. It is a good way to increase your knowledge of English- and of the world. You will probably be able to borrow books from the school library. Your teacher will be able to help you to choose suitable books…

Subscribe to our Newsletter and join hundreds of thousands of Learners and Teachers who rely on Passnownow.com everyday syllabus-based class content and stay up to date with the latest gist on teen stuff, schools, education and scholarship/internship opportunities from around the World

Free Online Secondary School & Lessons Notes for Teachers & Students

Search for any lesson/subject to see note and video lesson. get online lesson notes and class videos 100% free. get free question banks for secondary school lessons., learn by class or grade:.

Every learning is free. Click to start now!

JSS1 JSS2 JSS3 SS1 SS2 SS3

Click on your class to begin
Search for your preferred subject
Search for your preferred term
Then click on enroll to learn independently at your own pace.

Click to enroll in courses from Class 1-6, that is from Junior Secondary School to Senior Secondary School. Learn with videos, animations and slideshows.

The lessons under each class and subject is in line with the international curriculum for High school or secondary school students.

We already have 50 secondary school or High school subjects but we are adding more. So far, we have 3 indigenous languages already that are not English . We will add other languages. Apart from the most common STEM and Arts subjects, we have also added special subjects like Book keeping , Leadership studies, Security Education, History , Creative and Cultural arts, etc.

Learn by ‘Subject’ :

Here is how to utilize all the resources that we have in this section:

Click on the drop down menu below to select from the 50 subjects available
Search or choose your preferred topic or lesson
Learn for free without any registration.

Do you want to learn a particular lesson by subject? Click the drop-down menu below (Select Category), wait for 2 seconds and start Learning for FREE!

There are over 50 subjects with complete class lesson notes at StopLearn. This section is perfect for all students especially those that wants to read for Ordinary level GCE or WAEC examination.

Free Class Lesson notes for Secondary school Teachers and students

Use this free platform to access free class lesson notes from JSS1 – SS3 all subjects.

Latest FROM OUR BLOG

Restaurant tablet how to
Restaurant menu tablet rollout project plan
Low carbon sources of key metals and minerals for the transition (e.g. battery metals), including deep sea
CCUS & carbon removal solutions

DISCUSSION FORUM

LEARN SOLAR & INVERTER INSTALLATION FREE

UK VISA MAINTENANCE FUNDS CALCULATOR

Free online Secondary school Lesson notes and Classes

How to use stoplearn.com.

StopLearn.com is a free learning platform for High school and Secondary school students. It is designed to make students perform excellently in exams and class works and also as a better alternative to hiring home tutors or subscribing to paid apps. We have also added vocational courses that is out of the O’Level syllabus.

Here is how to use StopLearn:

Click here to use the search box at the top of this section to search for any class lesson note or subject (with videos) in High school curriculum. We are the Google for secondary school students.
You ca n enroll in a virtual classroom by clicking on your class from Class 1-6. In this way, StOP!Learn serves as a virtual High school. All classes are free.
Use our Discussion Forum to socialize with other learners and also submit class assignments for discussion.

You do not need to hire a home tutor or subscribe to any paid app or website. No credit card required. At Stoplearn.com, we believe that education and learning should be free and not for the privileged. We have gathered the best teachers from all around the world to ensure you perform better at school and in your exams.

Free online secondary school High school primarily for Nigeria and West African countries.. Free online lesson notes and videos. Best for for the following exam preparations: WAEC, JAMB, Cambridge O’Level, NECO, GCE, British IGSCE, KCSCE, United Kingdom (UK), United States (USA) and Canada High School Exam preparations, etc.

Why Choose StopLearn.com?

Tutors from the best Universities in the world: We have carefully screened and selected tutors from the best universities in the world and experts in their field. We have videos from tutors in United States, Nigeria, India, United Kingdom, Ghana, etc. to give you a learning that should otherwise be expensive to get all for free. We have done this inline with YouTube policy for embedding videos, which is a win to content creators as all advert revenue go to them.
Interactive Learning: More than what you can get from Classroom experience or other paid apps. We have rich media which includes animations and slideshows for more effective learning.
Freedom and Flexibility in learning when you learn at your own pace with us.
Question and Answer Forum : The student can ask questions on any topic and receive answers straight to her email and public forum all for free!

Our Safe Advertisement policy:

We show Adverts on Stoplearn.com. Our Adverts are safe for underage children and adults.

We automatically block any advert that references Drugs, dating, Alcohol, Gambling and Betting, etc. on our platform. We care, StOPLearn is safe for everyone.

Our On demand Learning Approach

StopLearn.com provides free online secondary school or High school for all students. Free online secondary school is a virtual platform where students can learn in an online class that is stimulated to look like real life classroom and yet very unique. Also find free lesson notes for secondary school teachers and students.

We offer a Digital Learning platform for every student to learn high school lessons for free. This helps the student complete lessons and class works with more autonomy.

Online classroom is a preferred alternative to learning because it lets the students learn at their own pace and take full control of their learning environment which is virtual. The website and app is compatible with both PC and mobile phone. Our mobile app is also free for download at Playstore .

We understand that freedom and flexibility means a lot to students so we provide free access to all our lessons using education on demand approach for high school students and every one. The students who perform excellently well at school are also usually those that can also learn independently. We have developed many online tools to help every learn at their own pace. Most importantly, every of our resources is free for all.

Free Classroom Lesson Notes for Secondary school Teachers and Students

We have go reviews on our app from Teachers that find our platform useful too. All our lesson notes are free to use for learning purposes only. Please do not commercialize or sell our materials. Also give us the credit wherever necessary. Happy learning with StopLearn!

Grade 10 Agriculture Grade 10 Biology Grade 10 Chemistry Grade 10 Civic Education Grade 10 Commerce Grade 10 Data processing Grade 10 Economics Grade 10 English Language Grade 10 Financial Accounting Grade 10 Food and Nutrition Grade 10 French Language Grade 10 Further Mathematics Grade 10 Geography Grade 10 Government Grade 10 Marketing Grade 10 Mathematics Grade 10 Physics Grade 10 Yoruba Language Grade 11 Literature in English Grade 11 Physics Grade 11 Yoruba Language JHS 1 1st Term English Language JSS JHS 1 2nd Term English Language JHS 1 ONLINE STUDY JHS 2 1st Term Cultural and Creative Arts JHS 2 1st Term English Language JHS 2 1st Term French Language JHS 2 ONLINE STUDY JSS1 1st Term English Language JSS JSS1 2nd Term English Language JSS1 ONLINE STUDY JSS 2 1st Term Cultural and Creative Arts JSS 2 1st Term English Language JSS 2 1st Term French Language JSS2 ONLINE STUDY JSS 2 ONLINE STUDY JSS3 ONLINE STUDY SHS 2 2nd Term Yoruba Language SHS 2 ONLINE STUDY SHS 3 ONLINE STUDY SS1 1st Term Mathematics SS1 ONLINE STUDY SS2 2nd Term Yoruba Language SS2 ONLINE STUDY SS3 ONLINE STUDY

Are you seeking one-on-one college counseling and/or essay support? Limited spots are now available. Click here to learn more.

Argumentative Essay Examples & Analysis

July 20, 2023

Writing successful argumentative or persuasive essays is a sort of academic rite of passage: every student, at some point in their academic career, will have to do it. And not without reason—writing a good argumentative essay requires the ability to organize one’s thoughts, reason logically, and present evidence in support of claims. They even require empathy, as authors are forced to inhabit and then respond to viewpoints that run counter to their own. Here, we’ll look at some argumentative essay examples and analyze their strengths and weaknesses.

What is an argumentative essay?

Before we turn to those argumentative essay examples, let’s get precise about what an argumentative essay is. An argumentative essay is an essay that advances a central point, thesis, or claim using evidence and facts. In other words, argumentative essays are essays that argue on behalf of a particular viewpoint. The goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the reader that the essay’s core idea is correct.

Good argumentative essays rely on facts and evidence. Personal anecdotes, appeals to emotion , and opinions that aren’t grounded in evidence just won’t fly. Let’s say I wanted to write an essay arguing that cats are the best pets. It wouldn’t be enough to say that I love having a cat as a pet. That’s just my opinion. Nor would it be enough to cite my downstairs neighbor Claudia, who also has a cat and who also prefers cats to dogs. That’s just an anecdote.

For the essay to have a chance at succeeding, I’d have to use evidence to support my argument. Maybe there are studies that compare the cost of cat ownership to dog ownership and conclude that cat ownership is less expensive. Perhaps there’s medical data that shows that more people are allergic to dogs than they are to cats. And maybe there are surveys that show that cat owners are more satisfied with their pets than are dog owners. I have no idea if any of that is true. The point is that successful argumentative essays use evidence from credible sources to back up their points.

Argumentative essay structure

Important to note before we examine a few argumentative essay examples: most argumentative essays will follow a standard 5-paragraph format. This format entails an introductory paragraph that lays out the essay’s central claim. Next, there are three body paragraphs that each advance sub-claims and evidence to support the central claim. Lastly, there is a conclusion that summarizes the points made. That’s not to say that every good argumentative essay will adhere strictly to the 5-paragraph format. And there is plenty of room for flexibility and creativity within the 5-paragraph format. For example, a good argumentative essay that follows the 5-paragraph template will also generally include counterarguments and rebuttals.

Introduction Example

Now let’s move on to those argumentative essay examples, and examine in particular a couple of introductions. The first takes on a common argumentative essay topic —capital punishment.

The death penalty has long been a divisive issue in the United States. 24 states allow the death penalty, while the other 26 have either banned the death penalty outright or issued moratoriums halting the practice. Proponents of the death penalty argue that it’s an effective deterrent against crime. Time and time again, however, this argument has been shown to be false. Capital punishment does not deter crime. But not only that—the death penalty is irreversible, which allows our imperfect justice system no room for error. Finally, the application of the death penalty is racially biased—the population of death row is over 41% Black , despite Black Americans making up just 13% of the U.S. population. For all these reasons, the death penalty should be outlawed across the board in the United States.

Why this introduction works: First, it’s clear. It lays out the essay’s thesis: that the death penalty should be outlawed in the United States. It also names the sub-arguments the author is going to use to support the thesis: (1), capital punishment does not deter crime, (2), it’s irreversible, and (3), it’s a racially biased practice. In laying out these three points, the author is also laying out the structure of the essay to follow. Each of the body paragraphs will take on one of the three sub-arguments presented in the introduction.

Argumentative Essay Examples (Continued)

Something else I like about this introduction is that it acknowledges and then refutes a common counterargument—the idea that the death penalty is a crime deterrent. Notice also the flow of the first two sentences. The first flags the essay’s topic. But it also makes a claim—that the issue of capital punishment is politically divisive. The following sentence backs this claim up. Essentially half of the country allows the practice; the other half has banned it. This is a feature not just of solid introductions but of good argumentative essays in general—all the essay’s claims will be backed up with evidence.

How it could be improved: Okay, I know I just got through singing the praises of the first pair of sentences, but if I were really nitpicking, I might take issue with them. Why? The first sentence is a bit of a placeholder. It’s a platitude, a way for the author to get a foothold in the piece. The essay isn’t about how divisive the death penalty is; it’s about why it ought to be abolished. When it comes to writing an argumentative essay, I always like to err on the side of blunt. There’s nothing wrong with starting an argumentative essay with the main idea: Capital punishment is an immoral and ineffective form of punishment, and the practice should be abolished .

Let’s move on to another argumentative essay example. Here’s an introduction that deals with the effects of technology on the brain:

Much of the critical discussion around technology today revolves around social media. Critics argue that social media has cut us off from our fellow citizens, trapping us in “information silos” and contributing to political polarization. Social media also promotes unrealistic and unhealthy beauty standards, which can lead to anxiety and depression. What’s more, the social media apps themselves are designed to addict their users. These are all legitimate critiques of social media, and they ought to be taken seriously. But the problem of technology today goes deeper than social media. The internet itself is the problem. Whether it’s on our phones or our laptops, on a social media app, or doing a Google search, the internet promotes distracted thinking and superficial learning. The internet is, quite literally, rewiring our brains.

Why this introduction works: This introduction hooks the reader by tying a topical debate about social media to the essay’s main subject—the problem of the internet itself. The introduction makes it clear what the essay is going to be about; the sentence, “But the problem of technology…” signals to the reader that the main idea is coming. I like the clarity with which the main idea is stated, and, as in the previous introduction, the main idea sets up the essay to follow.

How it could be improved: I like how direct this introduction is, but it might be improved by being a little more specific. Without getting too technical, the introduction might tell the reader what it means to “promote distracted thinking and superficial learning.” It might also hint as to why these are good arguments. For example, are there neurological or psychological studies that back this claim up? A simple fix might be: Whether it’s on our phones or our laptops, on a social media app, or doing a Google search, countless studies have shown that the internet promotes distracted thinking and superficial learning . The body paragraphs would then elaborate on those points. And the last sentence, while catchy, is a bit vague.

Body Paragraph Example

Let’s stick with our essay on capital punishment and continue on to the first body paragraph.

Proponents of the death penalty have long claimed that the practice is an effective deterrent to crime. It might not be pretty, they say, but its deterrent effects prevent further crime. Therefore, its continued use is justified. The problem is that this is just not borne out in the data. There is simply no evidence that the death penalty deters crime more than other forms of punishment, like long prison sentences. States, where the death penalty is still carried out, do not have lower crime rates than states where the practice has been abolished. States that have abandoned the death penalty likewise show no increase in crime or murder rates.

Body Paragraph (Continued)

For example, the state of Louisiana, where the death penalty is legal, has a murder rate of 21.3 per 100,000 residents. In Iowa, where the death penalty was abolished in 1965, the murder rate is 3.2 per 100,000. In Kentucky the death penalty is legal and the murder rate is 9.6; in Michigan where it’s illegal, the murder rate is 8.7. The death penalty simply has no bearing on murder rates. If it did, we’d see markedly lower murder rates in states that maintain the practice. But that’s not the case. Capital punishment does not deter crime. Therefore, it should be abolished.

Why this paragraph works: This body paragraph is successful because it coheres with the main idea set out in the introduction. It supports the essay’s first sub-argument—that capital punishment does not deter crime—and in so doing, it supports the essay’s main idea—that capital punishment should be abolished. How does it do that? By appealing to the data. A nice feature of this paragraph is that it simultaneously debunks a common counterargument and advances the essay’s thesis. It also supplies a few direct examples (murder rates in states like Kentucky, Michigan, etc.) without getting too technical. Importantly, the last few sentences tie the data back to the main idea of the essay. It’s not enough to pepper your essay with statistics. A good argumentative essay will unpack the statistics, tell the reader why the statistics matter, and how they support or confirm the essay’s main idea.

How it could be improved: The author is missing one logical connection at the end of the paragraph. The author shows that capital punishment doesn’t deter crime, but then just jumps to their conclusion. They needed to establish a logical bridge to get from the sub-argument to the conclusion. That bridge might be: if the deterrent effect is being used as a justification to maintain the practice, but the deterrent effect doesn’t really exist, then , in the absence of some other justification, the death penalty should be abolished. The author almost got there, but just needed to make that one final logical connection.

Conclusion Example

Once we’ve supported each of our sub-arguments with a corresponding body paragraph, it’s time to move on to the conclusion.

It might be nice to think that executing murderers prevents future murders from happening, that our justice system is infallible and no one is ever wrongly put to death, and that the application of the death penalty is free of bias. But as we have seen, each of those thoughts are just comforting fictions. The death penalty does not prevent future crime—if it did, we’d see higher crime rates in states that’ve done away with capital punishment. The death penalty is an irreversible punishment meted out by an imperfect justice system—as a result, wrongful executions are unavoidable. And the death penalty disproportionately affects people of color. The death penalty is an unjustifiable practice—both practically and morally. Therefore, the United States should do away with the practice and join the more than 85 world nations that have already done so.

Why this conclusion works: It concisely summarizes the points made throughout the essay. But notice that it’s not identical to the introduction. The conclusion makes it clear that our understanding of the issue has changed with the essay. It not only revisits the sub-arguments, it expounds upon them. And to put a bow on everything, it restates the thesis—this time, though, with a little more emotional oomph.

How it could be improved: I’d love to see a little more specificity with regard to the sub-arguments. Instead of just rehashing the second sub-argument—that wrongful executions are unavoidable—the author could’ve included a quick statistic to give the argument more weight. For example: The death penalty is an irreversible punishment meted out by an imperfect justice system—as a result, wrongful executions are unavoidable. Since 1973, at least 190 people have been put to death who were later found to be innocent.

An argumentative essay is a powerful way to convey one’s ideas. As an academic exercise, mastering the art of the argumentative essay requires students to hone their skills of critical thinking, rhetoric, and logical reasoning. The best argumentative essays communicate their ideas clearly and back up their claims with evidence.

College Success
High School Success

Dane Gebauer

Dane Gebauer is a writer and teacher living in Miami, FL. He received his MFA in fiction from Columbia University, and his writing has appeared in Complex Magazine and Sinking City Review .

2-Year Colleges
ADHD/LD/Autism/Executive Functioning
Application Strategies
Best Colleges by Major
Best Colleges by State
Big Picture
Career & Personality Assessment
College Essay
College Search/Knowledge
Costs & Financial Aid
Data Visualizations
Dental School Admissions
Extracurricular Activities
Graduate School Admissions
High Schools
Homeschool Resources
Law School Admissions
Medical School Admissions
Navigating the Admissions Process
Online Learning
Outdoor Adventure
Private High School Spotlight
Research Programs
Summer Program Spotlight
Summer Programs
Teacher Tools
Test Prep Provider Spotlight

“Innovative and invaluable…use this book as your college lifeline.”

— Lynn O'Shaughnessy

Nationally Recognized College Expert

College Planning in Your Inbox

Join our information-packed monthly newsletter.

JSS 1 English Language Scheme of Work ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd Term)

This JSS 1 English Language Scheme of Work covers the entire 1st, 2nd, and 3rd terms, offering you a well-defined roadmap to engage and empower your students. Dive into a curriculum designed to enhance language skills, nurture communication, and ignite a lifelong love for English Language learning.

JSS 1 FIRST TERM ENGLISH STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPICS/CONTENTS

1.1 SPEECH WORK

Introduction to speech
Organs of speech

1.2 GRAMMAR

Parts of speech

Nouns – Meaning
Types of Nouns with examples

1.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

The Family – (Use any of the recommend texts for JSS 1)
Vocabulary Development – Introduction to Language Skills:
Listening skills
Speaking Skills
Reading Skills
Writing Skills

1.4 COMPOSITION

Meaning of Composition
Types of Composition (Narrative, Descriptive, Argumentative, Expository).

1.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

What is Literature?
The Features of Literature
Types of Literature – Oral, Historical, Dance Drama, Miming…… With reference to related texts.

2.1 SPEECH WORK

Pure Vowels sound (Monotones)

2.2 GRAMMAR

Meaning, Identification
Types of Pronouns

2.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading Strategies – (SPQ3R) – Survey, Preview, Question, Recite, Recall, Review, and Vocabulary Development Members of the family.

2.4 COMPOSITION

Elements of Composition – Introduction, body and conclusion.

2.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Purpose/Functions of Literature
Introduction to prose – Use the recommended text.

3.1 SPEECH WORK

Vowel / i: /

3.2 GRAMMAR

Definitions, Identification with example.
Types of Verbs – Transitive, Intransitive, Regular, Irregular, Auxiliary, Lexical

3.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Identification of main / supporting ideas.
Vocabulary Development – Your school subjects

3.4 COMPOSITION

Outlining the differences between Descriptive essay and Narrative essays.

3.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Introduction to the elements of prose (plot, style, characterization)
Types of oral literature

4.1 SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound / i /

4.2 GRAMMAR

Definition and Identification
Types of Adjectives

4.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading to answer specific questions – Test for knowledge and translation level.

4.4 COMPOSITION

Narrative Essay – My experience in former school

4.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Use the recommended text on prose
Features of Oral Literature

5.1 SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound / e /

5.2 GRAMMAR

Comparison of Adjectives – Absolute Adjectives


	Differentiating between the main ideas and the supporting ideas in a given passage.

Paragraph writing – Arrangement of ideas in logical sequence with introduction and conclusion.

5.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Introduction to Drama
Types and elements of drama
Characterization and themes in the recommended prose text.


	Vowel Sound / æ /

Definition, Identification
Types of Adverb with examples

6.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading to answer specific questions: test for interpretation level and projection level.

6.4 COMPOSITION

Descriptive Essay – A Market place.

6.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Use the recommended text on drama.
Plot and setting in the recommended drama text.


	Vowel Sound / a: /

Prepositions

Types and Functions with Examples.


		Application of the reading technique (SPQ3R) to given passage.

	I.	Introduction to Letter Writing
	II.	Types of Letter

7.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Introduction to Folktales
Definition and Types
Narration of a Folktale

8.1 SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound / ɒ /

8.2 GRAMMAR

Conjunctions

Subordinating
Coordinating

8.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Asking questions to cover all the levels of comprehension (where, when, how, why and what)

8.4 COMPOSITION

Features of an informal letter

8.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Use the recommended text on drama
Introduction to figures of speech (Simile, Metaphor, Irony,….)

9.1 SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound / c: /

9.2 GRAMMAR

Introduction to Adverbials (Features, Functions and Types)

9.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Asking specific questions that will elicit student opinion.

9. 4 COMPOSITION

Informal Letter – Letter to your cousin telling him/her about your new school.

9.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

A review of the recommend texts

II.Figures of Speech

12 & 13. EXAMINATION

JSS 1 SECOND TERM ENGLISH STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK





	Vowel Sounds	/ u / and / u: /

	Adverbials (Frequency and Manner)

	Asking specific questions that require conclusion to be drawn by students

	Letter Writing
I.	Formal Letter
II.	Features of a Formal letter
III.	Writing a letter of permission to be absent from school to the principal.

Folktales – African tales

Features and themes of African folktales (Didactic, Entertainment, magical).
Use the recommended text on prose.

Vowel Sound /u:/

Tenses – Simple Present Tense

Asking specific questions that require students to make projections
Vocabulary Development – The Library

Formal Letter – A letter to the school authority (refer to week 2)

Introduction to poetry – Definition, Feature (concise, unique,…)

4.1 SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound / ʌ /

Tenses – Simple Past Tense

Asking specific questions that require recall of ideas and facts.
Vocabulary Development – Marriage related words

Guided composition – The Federal Roads Safety Commission

Poetry – Types (Epic, Lyrics…..)
Differentiate between oral and written poetry.


	Vowel Sound/ 3: /

Tenses – The Present Continuous Tense

5.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading to understand the Author’s Mood and expression used in the passage e.g. anger, doubt, joy,…

5.4 COMPOSITION

Narrative Essay – The Most Memorable Day of My Life.

Drama – Features (Theme, Costumes, Audience and so on).
Identification of the features of drama in a given text.


		Vowel Sound – / ə / sound

		Tenses – The Past Continuous Tense

	I.	Reading between the lines to detect the Author’s attitude.
	II.	Vocabulary Development – Child Labor and Trafficking

		Argumentative – Road transportation is safer than air transportation.

		Use the recommended text on prose.


		Introduction to vowel contrasting / ɒ / and / ɜ: /, for example – hot and port; /a: / and
		/ æ / e. g. bag, part…

		Making sentences with the simple present tense and the past tense.

		Reading to identify the overall impression created by the author’s style of presentation.

		Expository Essay – HIV/AIDS.

	I.	Myths and Legends – Comparing Myths and legends.
	II.	Use the recommended text on drama

		Contrasting vowels / e / and / ə / as in egg and burn, pet and shirt.

		Tenses
	I.	Future tense
	II.	Making sentences with the simple future tense – will and hall.

Reading to interpret diagrams maps and sketches accurately.
Vocabulary Development – Word Formation using prefixes

Argumentative (Arranging ideas in logical sequences).

Myths and Legends – Features (magic, superstition and so on.)


	Introduction to Diphthongs

	Making sentences with the simple past tense.

	Reading to identify how a diagram or map clarifies or complements reading material.

	Guided composition on a festival in my village.

Dramatization of some scenes in the recommended text on drama
A review of the recommend texts.
& 12.EXAMINATION

JSS 1 THIRD TERM ENGLISH STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK







	Diphthongs – / ei / – place, /oʊ/ – home, / aʊ / – mouse, / iə / – clear,
	/ eə / – care, / ɔi /-boy, / ai / – find, / ʊə / – tour.

	Introduction to active voice and passive voice

1.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading to make meaning from spatial description.
Vocabulary Development – Air Transport

Introduction to Expository Essay.

Theme/characterization in the recommended prose text.


		Identification of Diphthongs in words. For example, / eə / as in Mary
		/ Meiri /, / ɔi / as in boil / bɔil /

		Highlighting the active voice.

	I.	Reading to identify appropriate introduction and conclusion for selected topics
	II.	Vocabulary Development – Words related to fishing

		Elements of writing (cont.)

Setting / Plot in the recommended text

3.1 SPEECH WORK

Introduction to consonant sounds

The Use of Passive with examples

Reading to identify keywords in the passage that signals direction.
Vocabulary Development – words associated with the kitchen.


	Expository Essay (Guided writing) – The Ebola Virus.

	Poetry and Identification of the language used in a selected poem.

	Syllables – words of two, three, four syllables

	Exercise on Active voice.

Vocabulary Development – Words associated with the sick bay.

Argumentative Essay – Tribalism is a better evil than cultism

Myths/Legend – Identification of the moral lessons learnt from a legend.


		Syllables (cont.)

		Exercise on Passive voice

	I.	Refer to week 7 of 2 term
	II.	Vocabulary Development – Words associated with cooking

Argumentative Essay – Cultism erodes traditional values in a society

Identification / Explanations of the meaning of a selected poem.
Identification of figures of speech in the selected poems

6.1 SPEECH WORK

Consonant clusters (asks, school, thrive, please, respect…..)

6.2 GRAMMAR

Statements and Tag Questions

Identification of topics sentences
Vocabulary Development – Words associated with teaching.


	Identify the differences between Argumentative essay and Expository essay.

Write a Short play or story.

7.1 SPEECH WORK

Word boundaries – Production of sounds with reference to linking sounds. For example, matter of fact, shah of Iran, bread and butter, poor and blind.

7.2 GRAMMAR

Differentiating between polar questions tag questions.

7.3 READING AND COMPREHENSION

Refer to week 8 of 2 nd term

II.Vocabulary Development – Spelling Drills

7.4 COMPOSITION

Expository Essay: How to plant tress

Use similes and metaphors in sentences.


		Contrasting /ei/ and / ɪə /. For example date, here, late, cheer.

		Exercise on Adverbials

	I.	Revisit week 9 of 2 term.
	II.	Vocabulary Development – Spelling drills continued.

		Oral Composition – School Rules

Dramatization of an act from the drama text
Turn Similes to Metaphor and vice versa. For example, she is as red as a rose, she is a red rose.

9.1 SPEECH WORK

Diphthongs – Contrasting / ʊə / and / əʊ / as in tour and pole, etc.

REVISION on Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs and Adjectives

Reading for Evaluation.

9.4 COMPOSITION

Revise all the types of essays

Best Argumentative Essay Examples for Your Help

Published on: Mar 10, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

Good Argumentative Essay Examples

Argumentative essays are an inevitable part of academic life. To write a good argumentative essay, you need to see a few good examples of this type of essay.

To analyze whether the example is good to take help from or not. You need to look for a few things in it.

Make sure it follows one specific model and has an introductory paragraph, organized body paragraphs, and a formal conclusion.

Get More Examples From Our AI Essay Writer

How to Start an Argumentative Essay Example

Learning how to start an argumentative essay example is a tricky thing for beginners. It is quite simple but can be challenging for newbies. To start an argumentative essay example, you need to write a brief and attractive introduction. It is written to convince the reader and make them understand your point of view .

Add body paragraphs after the introduction to support your thesis statement. Also, use body paragraphs to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of your side of the argument.

Write a formal conclusion for your essay and summarize all the key elements of your essay. Look at the example mentioned below to understand the concept more clearly.

Check out this video for more information!

Argumentative Essay Example (PDF)

Argumentative Essay Example

Argumentative essays are assigned to university students more often than the students of schools and colleges.

It involves arguments over vast and sometimes bold topics as well.

For university students, usually, argumentative essay topics are not provided. They are required to search for the topic themselves and write accordingly.

The following examples will give an idea of how university students write argumentative essays.

Argumentative Essay Example for University (PDF)

Argumentative Essay Examples for College

For the college level, it is recommended to use simple language and avoid the use of complex words in essays.

Make sure that using simple language and valid evidence, you support your claim well and make it as convincing as possible

If you are a college student and want to write an argumentative essay, read the examples provided below. Focus on the formatting and the vocabulary used.

Argumentative Essay Example for College (PDF)

College Argumentative Essay Sample (PDF)

Argumentative Essay Examples for Middle School

Being a middle school student, you must be wondering how we write an argumentative essay. And how can you support your argument?

Go through the following examples and hopefully, you will be able to write an effective argumentative essay very easily.

Argumentative Essay Example for Middle School(PDF)

Middle School Argumentative Essay Sample (PDF)

Argumentative Essay Examples for High School

High school students are not very aware of all the skills that are needed to write research papers and essays.

Especially, when it comes to argumentative essays, it becomes quite a challenge for high schools to defend their argument

In this scenario, the best option is to look into some good examples. Here we have summed up two best examples of argumentative essays for high school students specifically.

Argumentative Essay Example for High School (PDF)

High School Argumentative Essay Sample (PDF)

Argumentative Essay Examples for O Level

The course outline for O levels is quite tough. O levels students need to have a good command of the English language and amazing writing skills.

If you are an O-level student, the following examples will guide you on how to write an argumentative essay.

Argumentative Essay Example for O Level (PDF)

Argumentative Essay for O Level Students (PDF)

5-Paragraph Argumentative Essay Examples

A 5-paragraph essay is basically a formatting style for essay writing. It has the following five parts:

Introduction

In the introduction, the writer introduces the topic and provides a glance at the collected data to support the main argument.

Body paragraph 1

The first body paragraph discusses the first and most important point related to the argument. It starts with a topic sentence and has all the factual data to make the argument convincing.

Body paragraph 2

The second body paragraph mentions the second most important element of the argument. A topic sentence is used to start these paragraphs. It gives the idea of the point that will discuss in the following paragraph.

Body paragraph 3

The third paragraph discusses all the miscellaneous points. Also, it uses a transitional sentence at the end to show a relation to the conclusion.

The conclusion of a five-paragraph essay reiterates all the major elements of an argumentative essay. It also restates the thesis statement using a more convincing choice of words.

Look at the example below to see how a well-written five-paragraph essay looks like

5 Paragraph Argumentative Essay Example (PDF)

Argumentative Essay Examples for 6th Grade

Students in 6th grade are at a point where they are learning new things every day.

Writing an argumentative essay is an interesting activity for them as they like to convince people of their point of view.

Argumentative essays written at such levels are very simple but well convincing.

The following example will give you more detail on how a 6th-grade student should write an argumentative essay.

6th Grade Argumentative Essay Example (PDF)

Argumentative Essay Examples for 7th Grade

There is not much difference between a 6th-grade and a 7th-grade student. Both of them are enhancing their writing and academic skills.

Here is another example to help you with writing an effective argumentative essay.

7th Grade Argumentative Essay Example (PDF)

Tough Essay Due? Hire a Writer!

Short Argumentative Essay Examples

For an argumentative essay, there is no specific limit for the word count. It only has to convince the readers and pass on the knowledge of the writer to the intended audience.

It can be short or detailed. It would be considered valid as far as it has an argument involved in it.

Following is an example of a short argumentative essay example

Short Argumentative Essay Example (PDF)

Immigration Argumentative Essay Examples

Immigration is a hot topic for a very long time now. People have different opinions regarding this issue.

Where there is more than one opinion, an argumentative essay can be written on that topic. The following are examples of argumentative essays on immigration.

Read them and try to understand how an effective argumentative essay is written on such a topic.

Argumentative Essay Example on Immigration (PDF)

Argumentative Essay Sample on Immigration (PDF)

Writing essays is usually a tiring and time-consuming assignment to do. Students already have a bunch of assignments for other subjects to complete. In this situation, asking for help from professional writers is the best choice.

If you are still in need of assistance, our essay writer AI can help you create a compelling essay that presents your argument clearly and effectively.

With our argumentative essay writing service, you will enjoy perks like expert guidance, unlimited revisions, and helpful customer support. Let our essay writer help you make an impact with your essay on global warming today!

Place your order with our college essay writing service today!

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the 7 types of arguments.

The seven types of arguments are as follows:

Statistical

What is the structure of an argument?

The structure of an argument consists of a main point (thesis statement) that is supported by evidence.

This evidence can include facts, statistics, examples, and other forms of data that help to prove or disprove the thesis statement.

After providing the evidence, arguments also often include a conclusion that summarizes the main points made throughout the argument.

Cathy A. (Literature, Marketing)

For more than five years now, Cathy has been one of our most hardworking authors on the platform. With a Masters degree in mass communication, she knows the ins and outs of professional writing. Clients often leave her glowing reviews for being an amazing writer who takes her work very seriously.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That’s our Job!

Keep reading

Legal & Policies

Privacy Policy
Cookies Policy
Terms of Use
Refunds & Cancellations
Our Writers
Success Stories
Our Guarantees
Affiliate Program
Referral Program
AI Essay Writer

Disclaimer: All client orders are completed by our team of highly qualified human writers. The essays and papers provided by us are not to be used for submission but rather as learning models only.

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

Knowledge Base
How to write an argumentative essay | Examples & tips

How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.

You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.

The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.

Argumentative writing at college level

At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.

In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.

Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.

Don’t just list all the effects you can think of.
Do develop a focused argument about the overall effect and why it matters, backed up by evidence from sources.
Don’t just provide a selection of data on the measures’ effectiveness.
Do build up your own argument about which kinds of measures have been most or least effective, and why.
Don’t just analyze a random selection of doppelgänger characters.
Do form an argument about specific texts, comparing and contrasting how they express their thematic concerns through doppelgänger characters.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.

There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

Toulmin arguments

The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:

Make a claim
Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim
Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim)
Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives

The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.

Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:

Claim that unconscious bias training does not have the desired results, and resources would be better spent on other approaches
Cite data to support your claim
Explain how the data indicates that the method is ineffective
Anticipate objections to your claim based on other data, indicating whether these objections are valid, and if not, why not.

Rogerian arguments

The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:

Discuss what the opposing position gets right and why people might hold this position
Highlight the problems with this position
Present your own position , showing how it addresses these problems
Suggest a possible compromise —what elements of your position would proponents of the opposing position benefit from adopting?

This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.

Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:

Acknowledge that students rely too much on websites like Wikipedia
Argue that teachers view Wikipedia as more unreliable than it really is
Suggest that Wikipedia’s system of citations can actually teach students about referencing
Suggest critical engagement with Wikipedia as a possible assignment for teachers who are skeptical of its usefulness.

You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.

Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .

Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.

Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.

In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.

Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.

This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.

Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

Academic style
Vague sentences
Style consistency

See an example

An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.

No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.

Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.

The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

Ad hominem fallacy
Post hoc fallacy
Appeal to authority fallacy
False cause fallacy
Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

Choosing Essay Topic
Write a College Essay
Write a Diversity Essay
College Essay Format & Structure
Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

(AI) Tools

Grammar Checker
Paraphrasing Tool
Text Summarizer
AI Detector
Plagiarism Checker
Citation Generator

An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips. Scribbr. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/argumentative-essay/

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Other students also liked, how to write a thesis statement | 4 steps & examples, how to write topic sentences | 4 steps, examples & purpose, how to write an expository essay, what is your plagiarism score.

Still have questions? Leave a comment

Add Comment

Checklist: Dissertation Proposal

Enter your email id to get the downloadable right in your inbox!

Examples: Edited Papers

Need editing and proofreading services, how to write an argumentative essay (examples included).

Tags: Academic Writing , Essay , Essay Writing

Argumentative essay writing, as the name implies, involves creating strong arguments based on facts and evidence. The goal of this essay is to convince the reader to adopt a logical viewpoint based on the available proof. It is a complex form of essay writing which requires extensive first-hand as well as second-hand research.

Let’s understand what an argumentative essay is and how to write it with the help of numerous argumentative essay examples. To guide you in your essay writing journey, we’ve also provided a well-structured argumentative essay outline.

Let’s start off with understanding what is an argumentative essay.

What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that convinces one to adopt a particular viewpoint, based on statistics and evidence. Unlike an expository essay, an argumentative essay involves adopting a particular point of view on a topic based on the available information.

Since it’s aimed at convincing the readers, it needs to contain strong supporting evidence. This requires a much more thorough examination of the available data sources. An argumentative essay is the most common essay type assigned in science, technology or even advanced literature courses in colleges.

A well-written argumentative essay makes use of information rather than personal opinion. For instance, the statement “beaches are better than mountains” makes for a poor argument. However, including statistical data and figures makes this argument more substantial. For instance “48% of Americans prefer beaches, whereas only 27% prefer mountains”

Now that we’ve understood the meaning of an argumentative essay, let’s take a look at its outline.

Argumentative essay outline

The argumentative essay structure is different from other essay types. Although its aim is to convince the reader to adopt a viewpoint, a good argumentative essay structure looks at an argument from all sides and also addresses the counterargument. The goal is to disprove the opposing arguments with the use of logic and the latest evidence.

There are three main argumentative essay formats. Let’s take a look:

This is the simplest structure of an argumentative essay when it comes to writing. It follows a logical path of introducing the argument, providing evidence supporting the argument, refuting counterarguments, and finally concluding your argument.

The following outline talks about the advantages of using nuclear power for environmental protection.

Advantages of Nuclear Power for Environmental Protection

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Thesis statement: Despite the negative reputation and potential risks associated with nuclear power, it is the best bet for our environment due to its low carbon emissions, high energy production, and advancements in safety technology.

II. Low carbon emissions

A. Explanation of carbon emissions and their impact on the environment

B. Comparison of nuclear power to other energy sources in terms of carbon emissions

C. Case studies and statistics supporting the low carbon emission of nuclear power

III. High energy production

A. Explanation of energy production and its importance

B. Comparison of nuclear power to other energy sources in terms of energy production

C. Case studies and statistics supporting the high energy production of nuclear power

IV. Advancements in safety technology

A. Explanation of nuclear power safety concerns

B. Overview of advancements in nuclear power safety technology

C. Comparison of nuclear power safety technology to other energy sources

D. Case studies and statistics supporting the advancements in nuclear power safety technology

V. Counterarguments and refutations

A. Discussion of common counterarguments against nuclear power

B. Refutation of counterarguments with evidence and examples

VI. Conclusion

A. Restatement of thesis

B. Summary of main points

C. Final thoughts on the importance of nuclear power in addressing environmental challenges.

This format is used to explain your stance on a highly polarizing, complex topic. It involves presenting your stance and comparing it with the generally accepted evidence. It also involves presenting the limitations of your claim along with rebuttals.

The following Toulmin essay outline highlights the dangers of genetic modification:

The Dark Side of Genetic Modification

B. Thesis statement: Genetic modification is dangerous due to the potential risks it poses to human health, the environment, and ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering.

II. Claim 1: Risks to human health

A. Explanation of the potential risks to human health associated with genetic modification

B. Overview of studies and research that have shown adverse effects on human health

C. Evidence and examples supporting the claim

III. Claim 2: Risks to the environment

A. Explanation of the potential risks to the environment associated with genetic modification

B. Overview of studies and research that have shown negative impacts on the environment

IV. Claim 3: Ethical concerns

A. Explanation of the ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering

B. Overview of the potential consequences of genetic modification on social, cultural, and ethical values

V. Counterargument and refutation

A. Discussion of common counterarguments in favor of genetic modification

V. Conclusion

C. Final thoughts on the dangers of genetic modification and the need for caution in its application.

3. Rogerian

This format acknowledges both sides of the argument and provides evidence as to why your stance is valid. It is the least confrontational form of argument which is used to convince to opposition to adopt your point of view.

The following Rogerian essay outline talks about why more government funds should be dedicated to space exploration.

A Cosmic Investment

B. Thesis statement: While some may argue that government funds should be allocated towards pressing issues on earth, dedicating more funds to space travel is necessary because of the technological advancements it brings, the potential for scientific discoveries, and economic benefits.

II. Understanding the opposing arguments

A. Explanation of the opposing viewpoint’s concerns and arguments

B. Acknowledgement of valid points made by the opposing viewpoint

C. Statement of common ground between the opposing viewpoint and the argument

III. Presenting the supporting arguments

A. Explanation of the technological advancements made possible through space travel

B. Overview of the scientific discoveries that have been made possible through space exploration

C. Explanation of the economic benefits of space travel and the growth of the space industry

IV. Addressing concerns of the opposition

A. Discussion of concerns raised by the opposing viewpoint and why they should not prevent the dedication of funds to space travel

B. Explanation of how funding for space travel can coexist with funding for pressing issues on earth

C. Evidence and examples to support the argument

V. Common ground and conclusion

A. Restatement of the thesis statement

B. Summary of the main points of the argument

C. Statement of common ground and call to action for continued exploration of space.

Now that you’ve learned how to structure, let’s understand how to write an argumentative essay.

How to write an argumentative essay

Although the process of writing an argumentative essay is similar to other essay types, it requires much more research and planning. Developing an argument requires a significant understanding of the subject matter from all angles.

Let’s take a look at the steps to writing an argumentative essay:

1. Choose appropriate argumentative essay topics.

Although topics for an argumentative essay are highly diverse, they are based on a controversial stance. So, make sure that your argumentative essay topics are debatable. Here are a few examples of good argumentative essay topics:

Should animal testing be prohibited?

Should sports be segregated by gender?

Are wildlife sanctuaries ethical?

2. Construct a thesis statement.

The thesis statement involves taking a stance on your topic. For instance, if your topic is “Should school uniforms be mandatory?”, your thesis statement will take a stance for, or against this. However, make sure that your thesis statement has sufficient evidence from reliable sources to back it up.

Let’s take a look at a thesis statement example for the topic “Why four-day work-weeks should be encouraged”:

A four-day workweek is a viable solution for reducing employee burnout, enhancing work-life balance, and improving overall productivity. It not only promotes a healthier and happier workforce but also reduces costs for employers.

3. Collect evidence.

After taking your stance on your essay topic, it’s time to back it up with facts, evidence, and statistics. This requires an extensive amount of research.

Make sure to facilitate your research from reputed sources. To make your essay up-to-date and reliable, you can even collect evidence with the help of surveys and experiments.

Next, sort your evidence into main points to create a basic outline of your essay. This is also a good time to address the counterarguments to your stance.

4. Write the first draft.

After developing the outline, it’s time to flesh it out. Start by constructing an interesting hook, and providing background information for your thesis statement in the introduction.

Next, elaborate on the topic sentences that provide support to your thesis statement. You can add statistics and empirical data along with plenty of direct quotes and citations to give credibility to your essay.

And finally, conclude your essay with a summarization of the main points of your essay along with the key takeaway. A powerful conclusion not only allows the readers to see your viewpoint but also creates a lasting impression on their minds.

5. Edit your draft.

Your first draft may not be perfect. Make sure to optimize the sentence structure and word choice. Also, modify your arguments if necessary. You can have friends and family go over your essay and spot any errors that slip through the cracks. For a more fool-proof, error-free essay you can also take the help of professional essay proofreading services .

Now that we’ve understood how to write an effective argumentative essay, let’s take a look at an example of an argumentative essay.

Argumentative essay example

To guide you in your essay-writing journey, we’ve provided you with an argumentative essay example. It discusses the ill effects of automation. This essay is slightly longer in length and deviates from the commonly used five-paragraph structure.

Should Companies Invest in Manpower over Autonomous Machines?

The rise of autonomous machines has revolutionized the manufacturing industry, with robots now able to perform tasks that were once done exclusively by human workers. While this technology has undoubtedly improved efficiency and productivity, the question remains whether companies should be required to hire human workers over using autonomous machines.

The use of autonomous machines has resulted in job losses in the manufacturing industry. According to a study by the Brookings Institution, the use of robots in the United States has led to the loss of over 1.7 million jobs since 2000. While automation has created new jobs in certain industries, such as software development and engineering, the number of jobs lost is significantly higher.

Hiring human workers also has a positive impact on the economy. According to a report by the National Bureau of Economic Research, every robot that replaces a human worker leads to a net loss of 1.6 jobs. This means that for every 10 robots introduced into the workforce, 16 jobs are lost. Hiring human workers over using autonomous machines can help to create more jobs and improve the overall economic situation.

In addition to the economic benefits, human workers offer several advantages over autonomous machines. Human workers are able to adapt to changing situations and problem-solve in a way that machines cannot. This is particularly important in industries where there is a high level of variability in the work being done.

Furthermore, the use of autonomous machines can lead to safety concerns in the workplace. While robots have become increasingly sophisticated, they are still prone to malfunctions and errors. In some cases, this can lead to workplace accidents and injuries. Human workers are able to identify potential safety hazards and take preventative measures to reduce the risk of accidents.

Although the use of autonomous machines has led to increased efficiency and productivity, their negative impact cannot be ignored. Hiring human workers over using autonomous machines can create jobs, improve the economy, and offer many more advantages. Additionally, the safety concerns associated with the use of autonomous machines highlight the importance of prioritizing human workers. Human workers are more adept at ensuring the well-being of the workforce and the economy as a whole. Therefore, they should be prioritized over machines.

We hope the above explanation and examples have clarified the basics of writing argumentative essays. As providers of essay editing services , we understand how writing good essays is not a piece of cake.

To help you write good essays, our team has created detailed resources. Continue reading to take your essay-writing skills to the next level!

Guide to a Perfect Descriptive Essay
Expository Essays | Step-by-Step Manual
How to Start an Essay
How to Write an Essay Outline

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of an argumentative essay, how does an effective argumentative essay address counterclaims, how to conclude an argumentative essay, what is an effective claim in an argumentative essay, how to start an argumentative essay, how to title an argumentative essay.

Found this article helpful?

Your vs. You’re: When to Use Your and You’re

Your organization needs a technical editor: here’s why, your guide to the best ebook readers in 2024, writing for the web: 7 expert tips for web content writing.

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Get carefully curated resources about writing, editing, and publishing in the comfort of your inbox.

How to Copyright Your Book?

If you’ve thought about copyrighting your book, you’re on the right path.

Terms of service
Privacy policy
Self Publishing Guide
Pre-Publishing Steps
Fiction Writing Tips
Traditional Publishing
Additional Resources
Dissertation Writing Guide
Essay Writing Guide
Academic Writing and Publishing
Citation and Referencing
Partner with us
Annual report
Website content
Marketing material
Job Applicant
Cover letter
Resource Center
Case studies

What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)

We define an argumentative essay as a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. The purpose is to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or action. In an argumentative essay, the writer takes a stance on a controversial or debatable topic and supports their position with evidence, reasoning, and examples. The essay should also address counterarguments, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic.

What is an argumentative essay .

Argumentative essay structure
Argumentative essay outline
Types of argument claims

How to write an argumentative essay?

Argumentative essay writing tips
Good argumentative essay example

How to write a good thesis

How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal?

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a coherent and logical analysis of a specific topic. 1 The goal is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or opinion on a particular issue. Here are the key elements of an argumentative essay:

Thesis Statement : The central claim or argument that the essay aims to prove.
Introduction : Provides background information and introduces the thesis statement.
Body Paragraphs : Each paragraph addresses a specific aspect of the argument, presents evidence, and may include counter arguments. Articulate your thesis statement better with Paperpal. Start writing now!
Evidence : Supports the main argument with relevant facts, examples, statistics, or expert opinions.
Counterarguments : Anticipates and addresses opposing viewpoints to strengthen the overall argument.
Conclusion : Summarizes the main points, reinforces the thesis, and may suggest implications or actions.

Argumentative essay structure

Aristotelian, Rogerian, and Toulmin are three distinct approaches to argumentative essay structures, each with its principles and methods. 2 The choice depends on the purpose and nature of the topic. Here’s an overview of each type of argumentative essay format.

)
: Introduce the topic. Provide background information. Present the thesis statement or main argument.	: Introduce the issue. Provide background information. Establish a neutral and respectful tone.	: Introduce the issue. Provide background information. Present the claim or thesis.
: Provide context or background information. Set the stage for the argument.	: Describe opposing viewpoints without judgment. Show an understanding of the different perspectives.	: Clearly state the main argument or claim.
: Present the main argument with supporting evidence. Use logical reasoning. Address counterarguments and refute them.	: Present your thesis or main argument. Identify areas of common ground between opposing views.	: Provide evidence to support the claim. Include facts, examples, and statistics.
: Acknowledge opposing views. Provide counterarguments and evidence against them.	: Present your arguments while acknowledging opposing views. Emphasize shared values or goals. Seek compromise and understanding.	: Explain the reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim. Make the implicit assumptions explicit.
: Summarize the main points. Reassert the thesis. End with a strong concluding statement.	: Summarize areas of agreement. Reiterate the importance of finding common ground. End on a positive note.	: Provide additional support for the warrant. Offer further justification for the reasoning.
		Address potential counterarguments. Provide evidence and reasoning to refute counterclaims.
		Respond to counterarguments and reinforce the original claim.
		Summarize the main points. Reinforce the strength of the argument.

Have a looming deadline for your argumentative essay? Write 2x faster with Paperpal – Start now!

Argumentative essay outline

An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3

1. Introduction :

Hook : Start with a compelling statement, question, or anecdote to grab the reader’s attention.

Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate?”

Background information : Provide brief context about the issue.

Example: “Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering our oceans yearly.”

Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position.

Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.”

2. Body Paragraphs :

Topic sentence : Introduce the main idea of each paragraph.

Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.”

Evidence/Support : Provide evidence, facts, statistics, or examples that support your argument.

Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.”

Counterargument/Refutation : Acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints.

Example: “Some argue that banning plastic straws is inconvenient for consumers, but the long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the temporary inconvenience.”

Transition : Connect each paragraph to the next.

Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.”

3. Counterargument Paragraph :

Acknowledgement of opposing views : Recognize alternative perspectives on the issue.

Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.”

Counterargument and rebuttal : Present and refute the main counterargument.

Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste. Small changes in behavior, such as using reusable bags and containers, can have a significant positive impact.”

4. Conclusion :

Restatement of thesis : Summarize your main argument.

Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.”

Call to action : Encourage the reader to take specific steps or consider the argument’s implications.

Example: “It is our responsibility to make environmentally conscious choices and advocate for policies that prioritize the health of our planet. By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.”

Types of argument claims

A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader. 4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples:

Fact Claims : These claims assert that something is true or false and can often be verified through evidence. Example: “Water boils at 100°C at sea level.”
Value Claims : Value claims express judgments about the worth or morality of something, often based on personal beliefs or societal values. Example: “Organic farming is more ethical than conventional farming.”
Policy Claims : Policy claims propose a course of action or argue for a specific policy, law, or regulation change. Example: “Schools should adopt a year-round education system to improve student learning outcomes.”
Cause and Effect Claims : These claims argue that one event or condition leads to another, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship. Example: “Excessive use of social media is a leading cause of increased feelings of loneliness among young adults.”
Definition Claims : Definition claims assert the meaning or classification of a concept or term. Example: “Artificial intelligence can be defined as machines exhibiting human-like cognitive functions.”
Comparative Claims : Comparative claims assert that one thing is better or worse than another in certain respects. Example: “Online education is more cost-effective than traditional classroom learning.”
Evaluation Claims : Evaluation claims assess the quality, significance, or effectiveness of something based on specific criteria. Example: “The new healthcare policy is more effective in providing affordable healthcare to all citizens.”

Understanding these argument claims can help writers construct more persuasive and well-supported arguments tailored to the specific nature of the claim.

If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process.

Choose a Topic: Select a topic that you are passionate about or interested in. Ensure that the topic is debatable and has two or more sides.
Define Your Position: Clearly state your stance on the issue. Consider opposing viewpoints and be ready to counter them.
Conduct Research: Gather relevant information from credible sources, such as books, articles, and academic journals. Take notes on key points and supporting evidence.
Create a Thesis Statement: Develop a concise and clear thesis statement that outlines your main argument. Convey your position on the issue and provide a roadmap for the essay.
Outline Your Argumentative Essay: Organize your ideas logically by creating an outline. Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis.
Write the Introduction: Start with a hook to grab the reader’s attention (a quote, a question, a surprising fact). Provide background information on the topic. Present your thesis statement at the end of the introduction.
Develop Body Paragraphs: Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to the thesis. Support your points with evidence and examples. Address counterarguments and refute them to strengthen your position. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs.
Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge and respond to opposing viewpoints. Anticipate objections and provide evidence to counter them.
Write the Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your argumentative essay. Reinforce the significance of your argument. End with a call to action, a prediction, or a thought-provoking statement.
Revise, Edit, and Share: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammatical and spelling errors. Share your essay with peers, friends, or instructors for constructive feedback.
Finalize Your Argumentative Essay: Make final edits based on feedback received. Ensure that your essay follows the required formatting and citation style.

Struggling to start your argumentative essay? Paperpal can help – try now!

Argumentative essay writing tips

Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay:

Choose a Clear and Controversial Topic : Select a topic that sparks debate and has opposing viewpoints. A clear and controversial issue provides a solid foundation for a strong argument.
Conduct Thorough Research : Gather relevant information from reputable sources to support your argument. Use a variety of sources, such as academic journals, books, reputable websites, and expert opinions, to strengthen your position.
Create a Strong Thesis Statement : Clearly articulate your main argument in a concise thesis statement. Your thesis should convey your stance on the issue and provide a roadmap for the reader to follow your argument.
Develop a Logical Structure : Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point of evidence that contributes to your overall argument. Ensure a logical flow from one point to the next.
Provide Strong Evidence : Support your claims with solid evidence. Use facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Be sure to cite your sources appropriately to maintain credibility.
Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and counterarguments. Addressing and refuting alternative perspectives strengthens your essay and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the issue. Be mindful of maintaining a respectful tone even when discussing opposing views.
Use Persuasive Language : Employ persuasive language to make your points effectively. Avoid emotional appeals without supporting evidence and strive for a respectful and professional tone.
Craft a Compelling Conclusion : Summarize your main points, restate your thesis, and leave a lasting impression in your conclusion. Encourage readers to consider the implications of your argument and potentially take action.

Good argumentative essay example

Let’s consider a sample of argumentative essay on how social media enhances connectivity:

In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard. While critics argue that social media fosters division and amplifies negativity, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of this digital revolution and how it enhances connectivity by providing a platform for diverse voices to flourish. One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate instant communication and connection across the globe. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family. Whether separated by miles or time zones, social media ensures that relationships remain dynamic and relevant, contributing to a more interconnected world. Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale. This digital activism can shape public opinion and hold institutions accountable. Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking. This open exchange of ideas contributes to a more informed and enlightened society where individuals can broaden their horizons and develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard. By fostering open dialogue and facilitating the exchange of ideas, social media contributes to a more interconnected and empowered society. Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth.

Clearly Define Your Thesis Statement: Your thesis statement is the core of your argumentative essay. Clearly articulate your main argument or position on the issue. Avoid vague or general statements.
Provide Strong Supporting Evidence: Back up your thesis with solid evidence from reliable sources and examples. This can include facts, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes, or real-life examples. Make sure your evidence is relevant to your argument, as it impacts the overall persuasiveness of your thesis.
Anticipate Counterarguments and Address Them: Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints to strengthen credibility. This also shows that you engage critically with the topic rather than presenting a one-sided argument.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal?

Writing a winning argumentative essay not only showcases your ability to critically analyze a topic but also demonstrates your skill in persuasively presenting your stance backed by evidence. Achieving this level of writing excellence can be time-consuming. This is where Paperpal, your AI academic writing assistant, steps in to revolutionize the way you approach argumentative essays. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Paperpal to write your essay:

Sign Up or Log In: Begin by creating an account or logging into paperpal.com .
Navigate to Paperpal Copilot: Once logged in, proceed to the Templates section from the side navigation bar.
Generate an essay outline: Under Templates, click on the ‘Outline’ tab and choose ‘Essay’ from the options and provide your topic to generate an outline.
Develop your essay: Use this structured outline as a guide to flesh out your essay. If you encounter any roadblocks, click on Brainstorm and get subject-specific assistance, ensuring you stay on track.
Refine your writing: To elevate the academic tone of your essay, select a paragraph and use the ‘Make Academic’ feature under the ‘Rewrite’ tab, ensuring your argumentative essay resonates with an academic audience.
Final Touches: Make your argumentative essay submission ready with Paperpal’s language, grammar, consistency and plagiarism checks, and improve your chances of acceptance.

Paperpal not only simplifies the essay writing process but also ensures your argumentative essay is persuasive, well-structured, and academically rigorous. Sign up today and transform how you write argumentative essays.

The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words. However, the specific requirements may depend on the guidelines provided.

You might write an argumentative essay when: 1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position. 2. There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion. 3. You need to present evidence and logical reasoning to support your claims. 4. You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic.

Argumentative Essay: Purpose : An argumentative essay aims to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific point of view or argument. Structure : It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion. Tone : The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis. Narrative/Descriptive Essay: Purpose : These aim to tell a story or describe an experience, while a descriptive essay focuses on creating a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing. Structure : They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion. Tone : The tone is more personal and expressive to evoke emotions or provide sensory details.

Gladd, J. (2020). Tips for Writing Academic Persuasive Essays.  Write What Matters .
Nimehchisalem, V. (2018). Pyramid of argumentation: Towards an integrated model for teaching and assessing ESL writing.  Language & Communication ,  5 (2), 185-200.
Press, B. (2022).  Argumentative Essays: A Step-by-Step Guide . Broadview Press.
Rieke, R. D., Sillars, M. O., & Peterson, T. R. (2005).  Argumentation and critical decision making . Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.

Paperpal is a comprehensive AI writing toolkit that helps students and researchers achieve 2x the writing in half the time. It leverages 21+ years of STM experience and insights from millions of research articles to provide in-depth academic writing, language editing, and submission readiness support to help you write better, faster.

Get accurate academic translations, rewriting support, grammar checks, vocabulary suggestions, and generative AI assistance that delivers human precision at machine speed. Try for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime starting at US$19 a month to access premium features, including consistency, plagiarism, and 30+ submission readiness checks to help you succeed.

Experience the future of academic writing – Sign up to Paperpal and start writing for free!

Make Your Research Paper Error-Free with Paperpal’s Online Spell Checker

The do’s & don’ts of using generative ai tools ethically in academia, you may also like, dissertation printing and binding | types & comparison , what is a dissertation preface definition and examples , how to write a research proposal: (with examples..., how to write your research paper in apa..., how to choose a dissertation topic, how to write a phd research proposal, how to write an academic paragraph (step-by-step guide), maintaining academic integrity with paperpal’s generative ai writing..., research funding basics: what should a grant proposal..., how to write an abstract in research papers....

Choose Your Test

Search Blogs By Category
College Admissions
AP and IB Exams
GPA and Coursework

3 Key Tips for How to Write an Argumentative Essay

General Education

If there’s one writing skill you need to have in your toolkit for standardized tests, AP exams, and college-level writing, it’s the ability to make a persuasive argument. Effectively arguing for a position on a topic or issue isn’t just for the debate team— it’s for anyone who wants to ace the essay portion of an exam or make As in college courses.

To give you everything you need to know about how to write an argumentative essay , we’re going to answer the following questions for you:

What is an argumentative essay?
How should an argumentative essay be structured?
How do I write a strong argument?
What’s an example of a strong argumentative essay?
What are the top takeaways for writing argumentative papers?

By the end of this article, you’ll be prepped and ready to write a great argumentative essay yourself!

Now, let’s break this down.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents the writer’s position or stance on a specific topic and uses evidence to support that position. The goal of an argumentative essay is to convince your reader that your position is logical, ethical, and, ultimately, right . In argumentative essays, writers accomplish this by writing:

A clear, persuasive thesis statement in the introduction paragraph
Body paragraphs that use evidence and explanations to support the thesis statement
A paragraph addressing opposing positions on the topic—when appropriate
A conclusion that gives the audience something meaningful to think about.

Introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion: these are the main sections of an argumentative essay. Those probably sound familiar. Where does arguing come into all of this, though? It’s not like you’re having a shouting match with your little brother across the dinner table. You’re just writing words down on a page!

...or are you? Even though writing papers can feel like a lonely process, one of the most important things you can do to be successful in argumentative writing is to think about your argument as participating in a larger conversation . For one thing, you’re going to be responding to the ideas of others as you write your argument. And when you’re done writing, someone—a teacher, a professor, or exam scorer—is going to be reading and evaluating your argument.

If you want to make a strong argument on any topic, you have to get informed about what’s already been said on that topic . That includes researching the different views and positions, figuring out what evidence has been produced, and learning the history of the topic. That means—you guessed it!—argumentative essays almost always require you to incorporate outside sources into your writing.

What Makes Argumentative Essays Unique?

Argumentative essays are different from other types of essays for one main reason: in an argumentative essay, you decide what the argument will be . Some types of essays, like summaries or syntheses, don’t want you to show your stance on the topic—they want you to remain unbiased and neutral.

In argumentative essays, you’re presenting your point of view as the writer and, sometimes, choosing the topic you’ll be arguing about. You just want to make sure that that point of view comes across as informed, well-reasoned, and persuasive.

Another thing about argumentative essays: they’re often longer than other types of essays. Why, you ask? Because it takes time to develop an effective argument. If your argument is going to be persuasive to readers, you have to address multiple points that support your argument, acknowledge counterpoints, and provide enough evidence and explanations to convince your reader that your points are valid.

Our 3 Best Tips for Picking a Great Argumentative Topic

The first step to writing an argumentative essay deciding what to write about! Choosing a topic for your argumentative essay might seem daunting, though. It can feel like you could make an argument about anything under the sun. For example, you could write an argumentative essay about how cats are way cooler than dogs, right?

It’s not quite that simple . Here are some strategies for choosing a topic that serves as a solid foundation for a strong argument.

Choose a Topic That Can Be Supported With Evidence

First, you want to make sure the topic you choose allows you to make a claim that can be supported by evidence that’s considered credible and appropriate for the subject matter ...and, unfortunately, your personal opinions or that Buzzfeed quiz you took last week don’t quite make the cut.

Some topics—like whether cats or dogs are cooler—can generate heated arguments, but at the end of the day, any argument you make on that topic is just going to be a matter of opinion. You have to pick a topic that allows you to take a position that can be supported by actual, researched evidence.

(Quick note: you could write an argumentative paper over the general idea that dogs are better than cats—or visa versa!—if you’re a) more specific and b) choose an idea that has some scientific research behind it. For example, a strong argumentative topic could be proving that dogs make better assistance animals than cats do.)

You also don’t want to make an argument about a topic that’s already a proven fact, like that drinking water is good for you. While some people might dislike the taste of water, there is an overwhelming body of evidence that proves—beyond the shadow of a doubt—that drinking water is a key part of good health.

To avoid choosing a topic that’s either unprovable or already proven, try brainstorming some issues that have recently been discussed in the news, that you’ve seen people debating on social media, or that affect your local community. If you explore those outlets for potential topics, you’ll likely stumble upon something that piques your audience’s interest as well.

Choose a Topic That You Find Interesting

Topics that have local, national, or global relevance often also resonate with us on a personal level. Consider choosing a topic that holds a connection between something you know or care about and something that is relevant to the rest of society. These don’t have to be super serious issues, but they should be topics that are timely and significant.

For example, if you are a huge football fan, a great argumentative topic for you might be arguing whether football leagues need to do more to prevent concussions . Is this as “important” an issue as climate change? No, but it’s still a timely topic that affects many people. And not only is this a great argumentative topic: you also get to write about one of your passions! Ultimately, if you’re working with a topic you enjoy, you’ll have more to say—and probably write a better essay .

Choose a Topic That Doesn’t Get You Too Heated

Another word of caution on choosing a topic for an argumentative paper: while it can be effective to choose a topic that matters to you personally, you also want to make sure you’re choosing a topic that you can keep your cool over. You’ve got to be able to stay unemotional, interpret the evidence persuasively, and, when appropriate, discuss opposing points of view without getting too salty.

In some situations, choosing a topic for your argumentative paper won’t be an issue at all: the test or exam will choose it for you . In that case, you’ve got to do the best you can with what you’re given.

In the next sections, we’re going to break down how to write any argumentative essay —regardless of whether you get to choose your own topic or have one assigned to you! Our expert tips and tricks will make sure that you’re knocking your paper out of the park.

The Thesis: The Argumentative Essay’s Backbone

You’ve chosen a topic or, more likely, read the exam question telling you to defend, challenge, or qualify a claim on an assigned topic. What do you do now?

You establish your position on the topic by writing a killer thesis statement ! The thesis statement, sometimes just called “the thesis,” is the backbone of your argument, the north star that keeps you oriented as you develop your main points, the—well, you get the idea.

In more concrete terms, a thesis statement conveys your point of view on your topic, usually in one sentence toward the end of your introduction paragraph . It’s very important that you state your point of view in your thesis statement in an argumentative way—in other words, it should state a point of view that is debatable.

And since your thesis statement is going to present your argument on the topic, it’s the thing that you’ll spend the rest of your argumentative paper defending. That’s where persuasion comes in. Your thesis statement tells your reader what your argument is, then the rest of your essay shows and explains why your argument is logical.

Why does an argumentative essay need a thesis, though? Well, the thesis statement—the sentence with your main claim—is actually the entire point of an argumentative essay. If you don’t clearly state an arguable claim at the beginning of your paper, then it’s not an argumentative essay. No thesis statement = no argumentative essay. Got it?

Other types of essays that you’re familiar with might simply use a thesis statement to forecast what the rest of the essay is going to discuss or to communicate what the topic is. That’s not the case here. If your thesis statement doesn’t make a claim or establish your position, you’ll need to go back to the drawing board.

Example Thesis Statements

Here are a couple of examples of thesis statements that aren’t argumentative and thesis statements that are argumentative

The sky is blue.

The thesis statement above conveys a fact, not a claim, so it’s not argumentative.

To keep the sky blue, governments must pass clean air legislation and regulate emissions.

The second example states a position on a topic. What’s the topic in that second sentence? The best way to keep the sky blue. And what position is being conveyed? That the best way to keep the sky blue is by passing clean air legislation and regulating emissions.

Some people would probably respond to that thesis statement with gusto: “No! Governments should not pass clean air legislation and regulate emissions! That infringes on my right to pollute the earth!” And there you have it: a thesis statement that presents a clear, debatable position on a topic.

Here’s one more set of thesis statement examples, just to throw in a little variety:

Spirituality and otherworldliness characterize A$AP Rocky’s portrayals of urban life and the American Dream in his rap songs and music videos.

The statement above is another example that isn’t argumentative, but you could write a really interesting analytical essay with that thesis statement. Long live A$AP! Now here’s another one that is argumentative:

To give students an understanding of the role of the American Dream in contemporary life, teachers should incorporate pop culture, like the music of A$AP Rocky, into their lessons and curriculum.

The argument in this one? Teachers should incorporate more relevant pop culture texts into their curriculum.

This thesis statement also gives a specific reason for making the argument above: To give students an understanding of the role of the American Dream in contemporary life. If you can let your reader know why you’re making your argument in your thesis statement, it will help them understand your argument better.

An actual image of you killing your argumentative essay prompts after reading this article!

Breaking Down the Sections of An Argumentative Essay

Now that you know how to pick a topic for an argumentative essay and how to make a strong claim on your topic in a thesis statement, you’re ready to think about writing the other sections of an argumentative essay. These are the parts that will flesh out your argument and support the claim you made in your thesis statement.

Like other types of essays, argumentative essays typically have three main sections: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Within those sections, there are some key elements that a reader—and especially an exam scorer or professor—is always going to expect you to include.

Let’s look at a quick outline of those three sections with their essential pieces here:

Introduction paragraph with a thesis statement (which we just talked about)
Support Point #1 with evidence
Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary (AKA, the fun part!)
Support Point #2 with evidence
Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary
Support Point #3 with evidence
New paragraph addressing opposing viewpoints (more on this later!)
Concluding paragraph

Now, there are some key concepts in those sections that you’ve got to understand if you’re going to master how to write an argumentative essay. To make the most of the body section, you have to know how to support your claim (your thesis statement), what evidence and explanations are and when you should use them, and how and when to address opposing viewpoints. To finish strong, you’ve got to have a strategy for writing a stellar conclusion.

This probably feels like a big deal! The body and conclusion make up most of the essay, right? Let’s get down to it, then.

How to Write a Strong Argument

Once you have your topic and thesis, you’re ready for the hard part: actually writing your argument. If you make strategic choices—like the ones we’re about to talk about—writing a strong argumentative essay won’t feel so difficult.

There are three main areas where you want to focus your energy as you develop a strategy for how to write an argumentative essay: supporting your claim—your thesis statement—in your essay, addressing other viewpoints on your topic, and writing a solid conclusion. If you put thought and effort into these three things, you’re much more likely to write an argumentative essay that’s engaging, persuasive, and memorable...aka A+ material.

Focus Area 1: Supporting Your Claim With Evidence and Explanations

So you’ve chosen your topic, decided what your position will be, and written a thesis statement. But like we see in comment threads across the Internet, if you make a claim and don’t back it up with evidence, what do people say? “Where’s your proof?” “Show me the facts!” “Do you have any evidence to support that claim?”

Of course you’ve done your research like we talked about. Supporting your claim in your thesis statement is where that research comes in handy.

You can’t just use your research to state the facts, though. Remember your reader? They’re going to expect you to do some of the dirty work of interpreting the evidence for them. That’s why it’s important to know the difference between evidence and explanations, and how and when to use both in your argumentative essay.

What Evidence Is and When You Should Use It

Evidence can be material from any authoritative and credible outside source that supports your position on your topic. In some cases, evidence can come in the form of photos, video footage, or audio recordings. In other cases, you might be pulling reasons, facts, or statistics from news media articles, public policy, or scholarly books or journals.

There are some clues you can look for that indicate whether or not a source is credible , such as whether:

The website where you found the source ends in .edu, .gov, or .org
The source was published by a university press
The source was published in a peer-reviewed journal
The authors did extensive research to support the claims they make in the source

This is just a short list of some of the clues that a source is likely a credible one, but just because a source was published by a prestigious press or the authors all have PhDs doesn’t necessarily mean it is the best piece of evidence for you to use to support your argument.

In addition to evaluating the source’s credibility, you’ve got to consider what types of evidence might come across as most persuasive in the context of the argument you’re making and who your readers are. In other words, stepping back and getting a bird’s eye view of the entire context of your argumentative paper is key to choosing evidence that will strengthen your argument.

On some exams, like the AP exams , you may be given pretty strict parameters for what evidence to use and how to use it. You might be given six short readings that all address the same topic, have 15 minutes to read them, then be required to pull material from a minimum of three of the short readings to support your claim in an argumentative essay.

When the sources are handed to you like that, be sure to take notes that will help you pick out evidence as you read. Highlight, underline, put checkmarks in the margins of your exam . . . do whatever you need to do to begin identifying the material that you find most helpful or relevant. Those highlights and check marks might just turn into your quotes, paraphrases, or summaries of evidence in your completed exam essay.

What Explanations Are and When You Should Use Them

Now you know that taking a strategic mindset toward evidence and explanations is critical to grasping how to write an argumentative essay. Unfortunately, evidence doesn’t speak for itself. While it may be obvious to you, the researcher and writer, how the pieces of evidence you’ve included are relevant to your audience, it might not be as obvious to your reader.

That’s where explanations—or analysis, or interpretations—come in. You never want to just stick some quotes from an article into your paragraph and call it a day. You do want to interpret the evidence you’ve included to show your reader how that evidence supports your claim.

Now, that doesn’t mean you’re going to be saying, “This piece of evidence supports my argument because...”. Instead, you want to comment on the evidence in a way that helps your reader see how it supports the position you stated in your thesis. We’ll talk more about how to do this when we show you an example of a strong body paragraph from an argumentative essay here in a bit.

Understanding how to incorporate evidence and explanations to your advantage is really important. Here’s why: when you’re writing an argumentative essay, particularly on standardized tests or the AP exam, the exam scorers can’t penalize you for the position you take. Instead, their evaluation is going to focus on the way you incorporated evidence and explained it in your essay.

Focus Area 2: How—and When—to Address Other Viewpoints

Why would we be making arguments at all if there weren’t multiple views out there on a given topic? As you do research and consider the background surrounding your topic, you’ll probably come across arguments that stand in direct opposition to your position.

Oftentimes, teachers will ask you to “address the opposition” in your argumentative essay. What does that mean, though, to “ address the opposition ?”

Opposing viewpoints function kind of like an elephant in the room. Your audience knows they’re there. In fact, your audience might even buy into an opposing viewpoint and be waiting for you to show them why your viewpoint is better. If you don’t, it means that you’ll have a hard time convincing your audience to buy your argument.

Addressing the opposition is a balancing act: you don’t want to undermine your own argument, but you don’t want to dismiss the validity of opposing viewpoints out-of-hand or ignore them altogether, which can also undermine your argument.

This isn’t the only acceptable approach, but it’s common practice to wait to address the opposition until close to the end of an argumentative essay. But why?

Well, waiting to present an opposing viewpoint until after you’ve thoroughly supported your own argument is strategic. You aren’t going to go into great detail discussing the opposing viewpoint: you’re going to explain what that viewpoint is fairly, but you’re also going to point out what’s wrong with it.

It can also be effective to read the opposition through the lens of your own argument and the evidence you’ve used to support it. If the evidence you’ve already included supports your argument, it probably doesn’t support the opposing viewpoint. Without being too obvious, it might be worth pointing this out when you address the opposition.

Focus Area #3: Writing the Conclusion

It’s common to conclude an argumentative essay by reiterating the thesis statement in some way, either by reminding the reader what the overarching argument was in the first place or by reviewing the main points and evidence that you covered.

You don’t just want to restate your thesis statement and review your main points and call it a day, though. So much has happened since you stated your thesis in the introduction! And why waste a whole paragraph—the very last thing your audience is going to read—on just repeating yourself?

Here’s an approach to the conclusion that can give your audience a fresh perspective on your argument: reinterpret your thesis statement for them in light of all the evidence and explanations you’ve provided. Think about how your readers might read your thesis statement in a new light now that they’ve heard your whole argument out.

That’s what you want to leave your audience with as you conclude your argumentative paper: a brief explanation of why all that arguing mattered in the first place. If you can give your audience something to continue pondering after they’ve read your argument, that’s even better.

One thing you want to avoid in your conclusion, though: presenting new supporting points or new evidence. That can just be confusing for your reader. Stick to telling your reader why the argument you’ve already made matters, and your argument will stick with your reader.

A Strong Argumentative Essay: Examples

For some aspiring argumentative essay writers, showing is better than telling. To show rather than tell you what makes a strong argumentative essay, we’ve provided three examples of possible body paragraphs for an argumentative essay below.

Think of these example paragraphs as taking on the form of the “Argumentative Point #1 → Evidence —> Explanation —> Repeat” process we talked through earlier. It’s always nice to be able to compare examples, so we’ve included three paragraphs from an argumentative paper ranging from poor (or needs a lot of improvement, if you’re feeling generous), to better, to best.

All of the example paragraphs are for an essay with this thesis statement:

Thesis Statement: In order to most effectively protect user data and combat the spread of disinformation, the U.S. government should implement more stringent regulations of Facebook and other social media outlets.

As you read the examples, think about what makes them different, and what makes the “best” paragraph more effective than the “better” and “poor” paragraphs. Here we go:

A Poor Argument

Example Body Paragraph: Data mining has affected a lot of people in recent years. Facebook has 2.23 billion users from around the world, and though it would take a huge amount of time and effort to make sure a company as big as Facebook was complying with privacy regulations in countries across the globe, adopting a common framework for privacy regulation in more countries would be the first step. In fact, Mark Zuckerberg himself supports adopting a global framework for privacy and data protection, which would protect more users than before.

What’s Wrong With This Example?

First, let’s look at the thesis statement. Ask yourself: does this make a claim that some people might agree with, but others might disagree with?

The answer is yes. Some people probably think that Facebook should be regulated, while others might believe that’s too much government intervention. Also, there are definitely good, reliable sources out there that will help this writer prove their argument. So this paper is off to a strong start!

Unfortunately, this writer doesn’t do a great job proving their thesis in their body paragraph. First, the topic sentence—aka the first sentence of the paragraph—doesn’t make a point that directly supports the position stated in the thesis. We’re trying to argue that government regulation will help protect user data and combat the spread of misinformation, remember? The topic sentence should make a point that gets right at that, instead of throwing out a random fact about data mining.

Second, because the topic sentence isn’t focused on making a clear point, the rest of the paragraph doesn’t have much relevant information, and it fails to provide credible evidence that supports the claim made in the thesis statement. For example, it would be a great idea to include exactly what Mark Zuckerberg said ! So while there’s definitely some relevant information in this paragraph, it needs to be presented with more evidence.

A Better Argument

This paragraph is a bit better than the first one, but it still needs some work. The topic sentence is a bit too long, and it doesn’t make a point that clearly supports the position laid out in the thesis statement. The reader already knows that mining user data is a big issue, so the topic sentence would be a great place to make a point about why more stringent government regulations would most effectively protect user data.

There’s also a problem with how the evidence is incorporated in this example. While there is some relevant, persuasive evidence included in this paragraph, there’s no explanation of why or how it is relevant . Remember, you can’t assume that your evidence speaks for itself: you have to interpret its relevance for your reader. That means including at least a sentence that tells your reader why the evidence you’ve chosen proves your argument.

A Best—But Not Perfect!—Argument

Example Body Paragraph: Though Facebook claims to be implementing company policies that will protect user data and stop the spread of misinformation , its attempts have been unsuccessful compared to those made by the federal government. When PricewaterhouseCoopers conducted a Federal Trade Commission-mandated assessment of Facebook’s partnerships with Microsoft and the makers of the Blackberry handset in 2013, the team found limited evidence that Facebook had monitored or even checked that its partners had complied with Facebook’s existing data use policies. In fact, Facebook’s own auditors confirmed the PricewaterhouseCoopers findings, despite the fact that Facebook claimed that the company was making greater attempts to safeguard users’ personal information. In contrast, bills written by Congress have been more successful in changing Facebook’s practices than Facebook’s own company policies have. According to The Washington Post, The Honest Ads Act of 2017 “created public demand for transparency and changed how social media companies disclose online political advertising.” These policy efforts, though thus far unsuccessful in passing legislation, have nevertheless pushed social media companies to change some of their practices by sparking public outrage and negative media attention.

Why This Example Is The Best

This paragraph isn’t perfect, but it is the most effective at doing some of the things that you want to do when you write an argumentative essay.

First, the topic sentences get to the point . . . and it’s a point that supports and explains the claim made in the thesis statement! It gives a clear reason why our claim in favor of more stringent government regulations is a good claim : because Facebook has failed to self-regulate its practices.

This paragraph also provides strong evidence and specific examples that support the point made in the topic sentence. The evidence presented shows specific instances in which Facebook has failed to self-regulate, and other examples where the federal government has successfully influenced regulation of Facebook’s practices for the better.

Perhaps most importantly, though, this writer explains why the evidence is important. The bold sentence in the example is where the writer links the evidence back to their opinion. In this case, they explain that the pressure from Federal Trade Commission and Congress—and the threat of regulation—have helped change Facebook for the better.

Why point out that this isn’t a perfect paragraph, though? Because you won’t be writing perfect paragraphs when you’re taking timed exams either. But get this: you don’t have to write perfect paragraphs to make a good score on AP exams or even on an essay you write for class. Like in this example paragraph, you just have to effectively develop your position by appropriately and convincingly relying on evidence from good sources.

Top 3 Takeaways For Writing Argumentative Essays

This is all great information, right? If (when) you have to write an argumentative essay, you’ll be ready. But when in doubt, remember these three things about how to write an argumentative essay, and you’ll emerge victorious:

Takeaway #1: Read Closely and Carefully

This tip applies to every aspect of writing an argumentative essay. From making sure you’re addressing your prompt, to really digging into your sources, to proofreading your final paper...you’ll need to actively and pay attention! This is especially true if you’re writing on the clock, like during an AP exam.

Takeaway #2: Make Your Argument the Focus of the Essay

Define your position clearly in your thesis statement and stick to that position! The thesis is the backbone of your paper, and every paragraph should help prove your thesis in one way or another. But sometimes you get to the end of your essay and realize that you’ve gotten off topic, or that your thesis doesn’t quite fit. Don’t worry—if that happens, you can always rewrite your thesis to fit your paper!

Takeaway #3: Use Sources to Develop Your Argument—and Explain Them

Nothing is as powerful as good, strong evidence. First, make sure you’re finding credible sources that support your argument. Then you can paraphrase, briefly summarize, or quote from your sources as you incorporate them into your paragraphs. But remember the most important part: you have to explain why you’ve chosen that evidence and why it proves your thesis.

What's Next?

Once you’re comfortable with how to write an argumentative essay, it’s time to learn some more advanced tips and tricks for putting together a killer argument.

Keep in mind that argumentative essays are just one type of essay you might encounter. That’s why we’ve put together more specific guides on how to tackle IB essays , SAT essays , and ACT essays .

But what about admissions essays? We’ve got you covered. Not only do we have comprehensive guides to the Coalition App and Common App essays, we also have tons of individual college application guides, too . You can search through all of our college-specific posts by clicking here.

Trending Now

How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League

How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA

How to Write an Amazing College Essay

What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For?

ACT vs. SAT: Which Test Should You Take?

When should you take the SAT or ACT?

Get Your Free

Find Your Target SAT Score

Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests

How to Get a Perfect SAT Score, by an Expert Full Scorer

Score 800 on SAT Math

Score 800 on SAT Reading and Writing

How to Improve Your Low SAT Score

Score 600 on SAT Math

Score 600 on SAT Reading and Writing

Find Your Target ACT Score

Complete Official Free ACT Practice Tests

How to Get a Perfect ACT Score, by a 36 Full Scorer

Get a 36 on ACT English

Get a 36 on ACT Math

Get a 36 on ACT Reading

Get a 36 on ACT Science

How to Improve Your Low ACT Score

Get a 24 on ACT English

Get a 24 on ACT Math

Get a 24 on ACT Reading

Get a 24 on ACT Science

Stay Informed

Get the latest articles and test prep tips!

Ashley Sufflé Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams.

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

5 Expository Essay Examples (Full Text with Citations)

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

Learn about our Editorial Process

Video Overview
Quick Example
Formatting Guide

An expository essay attempts to explain a topic in-depth, demonstrating expert knowledge and understanding.

This form of essay is structured around the clear, factual presentation of information, devoid of the writer’s personal opinions or arguments.

The primary goal is to inform or explain rather than persuade.

Unlike an argumentative essay, which is built around defending a particular point of view with evidence and persuasion, an expository essay maintains a neutral stance, focusing on delivering straightforward facts and explanations.

An example of expository writing could be an article explaining the process of photosynthesis.

The article would systematically describe each stage of how plants convert sunlight into energy, detailing the role of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

It would explain the sequence of reactions – first, second, third, fourth, fifth – that occur and the importance of each step in supporting the life of the plant.

An expository essay generally follows this essay format:

expository essay format and structure template

A) To persuade the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint
B) To inform or explain a topic clearly
C) To present the writer’s personal opinions and arguments
D) To entertain the reader with creative writing
A) An expository essay uses creative storytelling techniques
B) An expository essay remains neutral and avoids personal opinions
C) An expository essay focuses on persuading the reader with evidence
D) An expository essay prioritizes the writer’s personal experiences

Expository Essay Examples

#1 impacts of technology on education.

955 words | 4 Pages | 15 References

Thesis Statement: “The integration of technology in education represents a complex and critical area of study crucial for understanding and shaping the future of educational practices.”

#2 Impacts of Globalization on Education

1450 words | 5 Pages | 9 References

impacts of globalization on education essay

Thesis Statement: “This essay examines the profound and multifaceted effects of globalization on education, exploring how technological advancements and policy reforms have transformed access to, delivery of, and perceptions of education.”

#3 The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Interpersonal Relationships

1211 Words | 5 Pages | 22 References

Thesis Statement: “The central thesis is that EI, defined as the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions, is a crucial determinant of success and well-being.”

#4 The Future of Renewable Energy Sources and Their Impact

870 words | 4 Pages | 20 References

Thesis Statement: “The essay posits that although renewable energy sources hold immense promise for a sustainable future, their full integration into the global energy grid presents significant challenges that must be addressed through technological innovation, economic investment, and policy initiatives.”

#5 The Psychology Behind Consumer Behavior

1053 words | 4 Pages | 17 References

Thesis Statement: “The thesis of this essay is that consumer behavior is not merely a product of rational decision-making; it is deeply rooted in psychological processes, both conscious and subconscious, that drive consumers’ choices and actions.”

How to Write an Expository Essay

expository essay definition and features, explained below

Unlike argumentative or persuasive essays, expository essays do not aim to convince the reader of a particular point of view.

Instead, they focus on providing a balanced and thorough explanation of a subject.

Key characteristics of an expository essay include:

Clarity and Conciseness
Structured Organization (Introduction, Body, Conclusion)
Objective Tone
Evidence-Based (Cite academic sources in every body paragraph)
Objective thesis statement (see below)
Informative purpose (Not argumentative)

You can follow my expository essay templates with AI prompts to help guide you through the expository essay writing process:

How to write a Thesis Statement for an Expository Essay

An expository thesis statement doesn’t make an argument or try to persuade. It uses ‘is’ rather than ‘ought’ statements.

Take these comparisons below. Note how the expository thesis statements don’t prosecute an argument or attempt to persuade, while the argumentative thesis statements clearly take a side on an issue:

(Ought Statements)
“Governments should prioritize the adoption of electric vehicles over traditional gasoline-powered cars to combat climate change and reduce environmental pollution.”	“Electric vehicles contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions and reliance on fossil fuels.”
“Online education should be widely adopted as it offers more inclusive and adaptable learning solutions compared to traditional classroom-based education.”	“Online education provides accessible and flexible learning opportunities, utilizing digital platforms for course delivery and student-teacher interaction.”

💡 AI Prompt for Generating Sample Expository Thesis Statements An expository essay’s thesis statement should be objective rather than argumentative. Write me five broad expository thesis statement ideas on the topic “[TOPIC]”.

Go Deeper: 101 Thesis Statement Examples

Differences Between Expository and Argumentative Essays

Expository and argumentative essays are both common writing styles in academic and professional contexts, but they serve different purposes and follow different structures.

Here are the key differences between them:

Expository Essay : The primary purpose is to explain, describe, or inform about a topic. It focuses on clarifying a subject or process, providing understanding and insight.
Argumentative Essay : The goal is to persuade the reader to accept a particular point of view or to take a specific action. It’s about presenting a stance and supporting it with evidence and logic.
Expository Essay : It maintains a neutral and objective tone. The writer presents information factually and impartially, without expressing personal opinions or biases.
Argumentative Essay : It often adopts a more assertive, persuasive, and subjective tone. The writer takes a clear position and argues in favor of it, using persuasive language.
Expository Essay : The reader is expected to gain knowledge, understand a process, or become informed about a topic. There’s no expectation for the reader to agree or disagree.
Argumentative Essay : The reader is encouraged to consider the writer’s viewpoint, evaluate arguments, and possibly be persuaded to adopt a new perspective or take action.

Go Deeper: Expository vs Argumentative Essays

Ready to Write your Essay?

Take action! Choose one of the following options to start writing your expository essay now:

8 Effective Strategies to Write Argumentative Essays

In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay!

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice . With a sigh, he decided to seek help of mentor, Professor Mitchell, who was known for his passion for writing.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall. Alex took a deep breath and knocked on his door.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today?”

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay! Don’t worry, Let’s take a look at it together.” As he guided Alex to the corner shelf, Alex asked,

Table of Contents

“What is an Argumentative Essay?”

The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue. Unlike other forms of essays, such as descriptive or narrative essays, these essays require you to take a stance, present evidence, and convince your audience of the validity of your viewpoint with supporting evidence. A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions . Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”

He continued, “Argumentative essays are written in a wide range of subject areas, reflecting their applicability across disciplines. They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on.

Alex asked,

“When is an Argumentative Essay Written?”

The professor answered, “Argumentative essays are often assigned in academic settings, but they can also be written for various other purposes, such as editorials, opinion pieces, or blog posts. Some situations to write argumentative essays include:

1. Academic assignments

In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework. It help students to develop critical thinking and persuasive writing skills .

2. Debates and discussions

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

3. Opinion pieces

Newspapers, magazines, and online publications often feature opinion pieces that present an argument on a current issue or topic to influence public opinion.

4. Policy proposals

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems.

5. Persuasive speeches

Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

Regardless of the context, an argumentative essay should present a clear thesis statement , provide evidence and reasoning to support your position, address counterarguments, and conclude with a compelling summary of your main points. The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”

Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay comprises five essential components:

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.

2. Evidence

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

3. Counterarguments

Presenting a counterclaim demonstrates fairness and awareness of alternative perspectives.

4. Rebuttal

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

The format of an argumentative essay typically follows the structure to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting an argument.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay:

1. Introduction

Begin with a compelling sentence or question to grab the reader’s attention.
Provide context for the issue, including relevant facts, statistics, or historical background.
Provide a concise thesis statement to present your position on the topic.

2. Body Paragraphs (usually three or more)

Start each paragraph with a clear and focused topic sentence that relates to your thesis statement.
Furthermore, provide evidence and explain the facts, statistics, examples, expert opinions, and quotations from credible sources that supports your thesis.
Use transition sentences to smoothly move from one point to the next.

3. Counterargument and Rebuttal

Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential objections to your argument.
Also, address these counterarguments with evidence and explain why they do not weaken your position.

4. Conclusion

Restate your thesis statement and summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of the essay.
Leave the reader with a final thought, call to action, or broader implication related to the topic.

5. Citations and References

Properly cite all the sources you use in your essay using a consistent citation style.
Also, include a bibliography or works cited at the end of your essay.

6. Formatting and Style

Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your instructor or institution.
Use a professional and academic tone in your writing and edit your essay to avoid content, spelling and grammar mistakes .

Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Always check the assignment instructions or style guide for any additional requirements or variations in formatting.

Did you understand what Prof. Mitchell explained Alex? Check it now!

Fill the Details to Check Your Score

Prof. Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

Example of an Argumentative Essay

Alex picked the book and read the example. It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof. Mitchell had mentioned earlier. Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like? Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay , which was read by Alex. After Alex finished reading the example, the professor turned the page and continued, “Check this page to know the importance of writing an argumentative essay in developing skills of an individual.”

Importance of an Argumentative Essay

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,

“How are argumentative essays different from the other types?”

Prof. Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue. Furthermore, they differ from descriptive essays by not focusing vividly on describing a topic. Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays.

Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay?

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure! You can check this infographic to get some tips for writing an argumentative essay.”

Effective Strategies to Write an Argumentative Essay

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis. It was a long and challenging journey, filled with countless drafts and revisions.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him. He realized that the argumentative essay, while challenging, had improved his critical thinking and transformed him into a more confident writer. Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay can be written as follows- 1. Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 4. Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion 5. Revise and Edit 6. Format and Cite Sources 7. Final Review

One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim. It must be debatable and establish your position. Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. Additionally, use persuasive language and rhetoric to make your claim more compelling

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1. Begin With an Engaging Hook 2. Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4. Briefly Outline Your Main 5. Establish Your Credibility

The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1. Clear and Specific Thesis Statement 2. Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4. Structured Body Paragraph 5. Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7. Formal Language

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraphs 3. Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5. References (if applicable)

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author's argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

Great article! The topic is simplified well! Keep up the good work

Excellent article! provides comprehensive and practical guidance for crafting compelling arguments. The emphasis on thorough research and clear thesis statements is particularly valuable. To further enhance your strategies, consider recommending the use of a counterargument paragraph. Addressing and refuting opposing viewpoints can strengthen your position and show a well-rounded understanding of the topic. Additionally, engaging with a community like ATReads, a writers’ social media, can provide valuable feedback and support from fellow writers. Thanks for sharing these insightful tips!

wow incredible ! keep up the good work

I love it thanks for the guidelines

Rate this article Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published.

Enago Academy's Most Popular Articles

Graphical Abstracts vs. Infographics: Best Practices for Visuals - Enago

Promoting Research

Graphical Abstracts Vs. Infographics: Best practices for using visual illustrations for increased research impact

Dr. Sarah Chen stared at her computer screen, her eyes staring at her recently published…

Revolutionize Your Learning: The Power of Webinars in a Digital Age

Career Corner

Academic Webinars: Transforming knowledge dissemination in the digital age

Digitization has transformed several areas of our lives, including the teaching and learning process. During…

Secure Research Funding in 2024: AI-Powered Grant Writing Strategies

Manuscripts & Grants
Reporting Research

Mastering Research Grant Writing in 2024: Navigating new policies and funder demands

Entering the world of grants and government funding can leave you confused; especially when trying…

How to Create a Poster Presentation : A step-by-step guide

How to Create a Poster That Stands Out: Tips for a smooth poster presentation

It was the conference season. Judy was excited to present her first poster! She had…

Effective Strategy to overcome Higher Education Enrollment Gap

Diversity and Inclusion
Industry News

6 Reasons Why There is a Decline in Higher Education Enrollment: Action plan to overcome this crisis

Over the past decade, colleges and universities across the globe have witnessed a concerning trend…

Academic Essay Writing Made Simple: 4 types and tips

How to Effectively Cite a PDF (APA, MLA, AMA, and Chicago Style)

Sign-up to read more

Subscribe for free to get unrestricted access to all our resources on research writing and academic publishing including:

2000+ blog articles
50+ Webinars
10+ Expert podcasts
50+ Infographics
10+ Checklists
Research Guides

We hate spam too. We promise to protect your privacy and never spam you.

Publishing Research
AI in Academia
Infographics
Expert Video Library
Other Resources
Enago Learn
Upcoming & On-Demand Webinars
Peer Review Week 2024
Open Access Week 2023
Conference Videos
Enago Report
Journal Finder
Enago Plagiarism & AI Grammar Check
Editing Services
Publication Support Services
Research Impact
Translation Services
Publication solutions
AI-Based Solutions
Thought Leadership
Call for Articles
Call for Speakers
Author Training
Edit Profile

I am looking for Editing/ Proofreading services for my manuscript Tentative date of next journal submission:

In your opinion, what is the most effective way to improve integrity in the peer review process?

English Studies Scheme of Work NAPPS (JSS1 – JSS3)

LAGOS STATE UNIFIED SCHEME OF WORK FOR ENGLISH STUDIES – EDUDELIGHT.COM

JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (JSS1 – 3)

ENGLISH STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK JSS1 FIRST TERM NAPPS




1	: i) Introduction to speech ii) Organs of speech Parts of speech i) Nouns-Meaning ii) Types of Nouns with examples The Family (use any of the recommended texts for JSS 1 Vocabulary Development: Introduction to Language Skills: Listening Skills; Speaking Skills; Reading skills; Writing Skills. Meaning, types of composition (Narrative, Descriptive, Argumentative, Expository). What is Literature? The Features of Literature. Oral, Historical, Dance Drama, Miming… with reference to related texts.
2	: i) Pure Vowel Sounds (Monothongs) Examples Pronouns (i) Meaning, Identification. ii) Types of Pronouns. Reading strategies (SPQ3R) – Survey Preview, Question, Recite, Recall, Review. Vocabulary Development: Members of the Family. Elements of Composition: Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Purpose/Functions of Literature. Introduction to Prose – Use the recommended text.
3	: Vowel /i:/ Verbs: i. Definition, Identification with example. ii. Types of Verbs: Transitive, Intransitive, Regular, Irregular, Auxiliary, lexical. Identification of main/supporting ideas. Vocabulary Development – Your School Subject. Outlining the differences between Descriptive Essays and Narrative Essays. Introduction to the elements of Prose (Plot, Style, Characterisation) Types of Oral Literature.
4	: Vowel /I/ Adjectives: i. Definition, Identification. ii. Types of Adjectives. Reading to answer specific questions: test for knowledge level and translation level. Narrative Essays- My Experience in Former School Use the recommended text on Prose. Features of Oral Literature.
5	: Vowel /e/ Comparison of Adjectives: Absolute Adjectives – Excellent SuperiorTotal Differentiating between the main ideas and the supporting ideas in a given passage. Paragraph Writing – Arranging of ideas in logical sequence with introduction and conclusion. i) Introduction to Drama. ii) Types and elements of Drama. Characterization and Themes in the recommended Prose text.
6	: Vowel /æ/ Adverb: i. Definition, Identification. ii. Types of Adverb with examples. Reading to answer specific questions: test for interpretation level and projection level. Descriptive Essays- A Market Place Use the recommended text on Drama. Plot and settings in the recommended Drama text.
7	: Vowel Sound /a:/ Prepositions: i. Definition, Identification. ii. Types and functions with examples. Application of the reading technique (SPQ3R) to a given passage. i) Introduction to Letter Writing. ii) Types of Letters. i) Introduction to Folktales. (ii) Definition and types. Narrative of Folktales.
8	: Vowel /þ/ Conjunction: TYPES (1) Subordinating. (2) Coordinating i. Definition, Identification.ii. Functions. Asking questions to cover all the levels of comprehension (Where, When, How, Why and What) Features of an Informal Letter. Use the recommended text on Drama. Introduction of Figures of Speech (Simile, Metaphor, Irony…….)
9	: Vowel /C:/ Introduction to Adverbials (Features and Functions, Types) Asking specific questions that will elicit students’ opinion. Informal Letter – Letter to your cousin telling him about your new school. A review of the recommended texts. Figures of speech.
10.
11.

ENGLISH STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK JSS2 FIRST TERM NAPPS




1	: Listening and Speaking: Revision of pure vowel sounds. Revision of Parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs and Adjectives. Review of the SPQ3R reading technique. Writing an outline for a Narrative Essay – How I spent My Last Holiday. Revisit Features of Prose (Setting, theme, characterization ….) Figures of Speech: Alliteration, Personification.
2	: Revision of Consonant sounds with emphasis on consonant clusters. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs. Reading to understand the writer’s purpose. Descriptive Essay: Writing an outline on A Place of Interest I visited. Use the recommended text on Prose.

3	: Listening and Speaking – The /IƏ / Sound (ear, clear, hear, bear) More on Active and Passive Voice. Identification of words that points to the writer’s intention on contemporary issues like corruption. Vocabulary Development – Word Families – In The Hospital. Elements of Composition: Pre-Writing, writing, editing, body and conclusion. Features of Folktales (didactic, entertaining, riddles, ..) Use the recommended text on Prose.
4	: Vowel /Əu/ sound (go, blow, mow, know, ..) More on Tenses (Present, Past and Future) Critical reading: Meaning and steps of critical reading. Vocabulary development: Word Families: The Officer’s Job. Descriptive Essays- A Local Festival Use the recommended text on Prose. AS in 4.5
5	: Revision of Consonant (t, d, k, g) The Present Continuous Tense. Reading to identify the meanings of words in various contexts. Vocabulary development – Word Families: A place of Worship. Revisit the format of an Informal letter and a Formal Letter. Use the recommended text on Drama Theme/Setting in the recommended text.
6	: Contrasting consonants /p/ and /t/ (pan, tan, prim, trim, …) The Past Perfect Tense. Reading to identify the facts and opinions in a given passage. Vocabulary development: The language of Sports. Narrative Essays- What I do Every Day. Use the recommended text on Drama. Characterization and Plot in the recommended text.
7	: The Consonant Sounds /f/ and /v/ -(contrast) – vampire, favour, vanish, famish. Making sentences with conjunctions. Reading to explain the facts and opinions in a selected passage. Vocabulary Development: Word families: Journalism. Letter Writing –A letter to Your Father on Why You Like Your New School. Differentiating between a novella and a novel More of Figures of Speech: Onomatopoeia and Personification.
8	: The consonants /Ɩ/ and /r/ Making requests using will, could, may, …….. Refer to week 2. Descriptive Essay – My Favourite Teacher. retell a folktale and explain its theme. Use recommended text on Drama.
9	: The consonant sound /h/ Direct and Indirect Speech. A review of week 4 Formal Letter – A letter of Invitation (As a Guest Speaker) Revision of the recommended texts. Revision Literary Terms.
10.
11.

NAPPS English first term JSS3 Scheme




1	Parts of Speech Revision. Scanning for main points. Informal Letter – Letter to my best friend on my plans for this academic session. Introduction to Fiction and Non-Fiction. Examples of Non-fiction.
2	: The skew /Ə/ sound –about, doctor, above. Expressing/describing emotions (verb + preposition) Skimming for specific information. Writing to a pen-pal. Poetry analysis. Use the recommended text on prose.

3	: Stress and intonation continued. Adverb of frequency-(often, always, occasionally). Reading to cultivate the skill of referencing. Write a story on the topic – All that glitters is not gold. Use the recommended text on Prose. Characterization, Theme, Plot in the prose text.
4	: Consonants /Ɜ/ and /dꞫ/ (leisure/ ledger, garage, large) Changing Positive statements to negative statements using ‘not’. Practise scanning, skimming and normal rate reading. How to care for a motor vehicle. Comprehensive study of the Prose text. Introduction of rhyme scheme.
5	: Contrast Consonants /d/, /ꝺ/,/θ/, /z/ (advert, father, loathe, zip) Modal forms – Will, Can, Could, May: Direct and Indirect forms of modals. Reading to differentiate between facts and opinions. Vocabulary Development: Tourism. Distinguishing between the features of Formal Letters and Informal letters. Use the recommended Drama text. Study the different types of rhyme scheme.
6	: Contrast between /Ɜ:/ and /Э:/ Adjectives and Adverbs expressing willingness/unwillingness using modal verbs+adverbials. Reading to make deductions from a selected passage. A semi-formal letter – Write a letter to your class teacher stating why you were absent from school. Use the recommended Drama text. Characterization, Diction, Setting and Plot in the dramatext.
7	: The consonants /s/, /ʃ/ and /tʃ/ (ceiling, short, machine, cheque) Adverbs of place and manner. Reference to week 5. Debate: Corruption is worse than armed robbery. More on Rhyme Schemes. Identification of costumes and props in the drama text.
8	: The consonants /ʃ/ and /tʃ/(sheep/chip, fish/pitch) Idiomatic expressions. Refer to week 6. Descriptive Essay – My Favourite Subject. Questions on the Prose text. Questions on Drama text.
9	: The consonant sound /w/ and /j/. Adverbs of cause or reason; so that, in order, so as. Identification of the topic sentences in a given passage. Debate – Child trafficking is worse than stealing. Revision of the prose text. Revision of the drama text.
10.
11.

Second Term JSS1 English Studies NAPPS Scheme of work

Revision of last term examinations and work with emphasis on grammar
Grammar: Adverbials (Frequency and Manner)
Reading and comprehension: Asking specific questions that require conclusions to be drawn by students
Composition: Letter writing: Formal letter, features of a formal letter, writing a letter of permission to be absent from school to the Principal
Literature-In-English: Folktales (Didactic, Entertainment, Magical)
Literature-in-English: Use of recommended text on Prose
Grammar: Tenses: The simple present tense
Reading and comprehension: Asking specific questions that require students to make projections. Vocabulary Development: The Library
Composition: Formal letter: a letter to the school authority (Refer to week 2)
Literature-In-English: Introduction to poetry: Definition, Features (Concise, unique).
Literature-In-English: Use the recommended text on Prose
Grammar: The simple past tense
Reading and comprehension: Asking specific questions that require maximum recall of ideas and facts. Vocabulary development: Marriage related words
Composition: Guided composition – The Federal Roads Safety Commission
Literature-In-English: poetry: Types (Epic, Lyrics….)
Literature-In-English: Differentiate between oral and written poetry
Grammar: The present continuous Tense
Reading and comprehension: Reading to understand the author’s mood and expression used in the passage e.g. anger, doubt, joy ….
Composition: narrative Essay: The Most Memorable Day of My Life
Literature –In-English: Drama: Features (theme, costumes, audience and so on)
Literature –In-English: Identification of the features of drama in a given text
Grammar: The past continuous tense
Reading and comprehension: reading between the lines to detect the author’s attitude. Vocabulary Development: Child labour and trafficking
Composition: Argumentative: Road Transportation is Safer than Air Transportation
Literature-In- English: Use the recommended text on prose
Literature-In-English: As in 6.5
Grammar: Making sentences with the simple present tense and the past tense
Reading and comprehension: Reading to identify the overall impression created by the author’s style of presentation
Composition: Expository Essay: HIV/AIDS
Literature-In-English: Myths and Legends: Comparing myths and legends
Literature-In-English: Use the recommended text on Drama
Grammar: Future tense: making sentences with the simple future tense – Will, Shall
Reading and comprehension: Reading to interpret diagram maps and sketches accurately. Vocabulary development – Word Formation – using prefixes
Composition: Argumentative (Arranging ideas in logical sequences)
Literature-In-English: Myths and Legends: Features (Magic, Superstition and so on)
Grammar: making sentences with the simple past tense
Reading and comprehension: Reading to identify how a diagram or map clarifies or complements reading material
Composition: Guided composition on A Festival in My Village
Literature-In-English: dramatization of some scenes in the recommended text on Drama

Literature-In-English: a review of the recommended texts

WEEK 11 – 12

Revision and Examination

Second Term JSS2 English Studies NAPPS Scheme of work

Revision of last term work

Speech work: revision of diphthongs

Grammar: reported speech: rules guiding the use of reported speech
Reading and comprehension: Reading to provide alternative work that can fit into the context to replace the target words
Composition: Writing a Report: Outline and Features
Literature-In-English: use the recommended text on prose
Literature-In-English: As in 5
Grammar: Making sentences with prepositions
Reading and comprehension: Reading for speed with emphasis on avoidance of vocalization, regressive reading and reading words instead of phrases. Vocabulary development – law and justice
Composition: Writing a report: An Accident I Witnessed
Literature-In-English: Use the recommended text on prose
Literature-In-English: Themes/characterization in the recommended prose text
Grammar: Regular and irregular verbs
Reading and comprehension: Techniques of speed reading: surveying, scanning, skimming. Vocabulary development: Culture and tourism
Composition: writing an informal letter continued: Letter to a friend about your school inter-house sport.
Literature-In-English: Use the recommended text on drama
Literature-In-English: Themes and plot in the recommended drama text
Grammar: Reported commands
Reading and comprehension: Dialogue. Vocabulary development: ICT
Composition : Formal letter: Write to the Local Government Chairman about the bad roads in your area
Literature-In-English: use the recommended text on Drama
Literature-in-English: Language: Setting and characterization in the recommended Drama text.
Grammar: Reported requests
Reading and comprehension: Dialogue continued
Composition: Argumentative Essay: Herbal medicines are more potent than orthodox medicines are
Literature-In-English: Identification of some figures of speech in the recommended prose text
Literature-in-English: as in 5.5
Grammar: Adverbials and the Present tense
Reading and Comprehension: More on week 2 topic. Vocabulary developments: science and technology.
Composition: Expository Essay- Entrepreneurship.
Literature-In-English: Distinguish between Irony, Euphemism and Hyperbole.
Literature- In-English: Write a short play on the reward of truancy.
Grammar: Introduction to punctuation marks.
Reading and Comprehension: Reading to summarize a selected passage.
Composition: Narrative Essay- My Last Birthday
Literature-In-English: summary of the recommended Prose text
Literature-In-English: As in 7.5
Grammar: Punctuation marks: The Full Stop and The Comma
Reading and comprehension: Reading to identify the main and supporting ideas in a selected passage.
Composition: writing a story: The Meeting
Literature-In-English: summary of the recommended Drama text
Literature-In-English: as in 8.5
Grammar: Punctuation Marks continued
Reading and comprehension: As in week 8
Composition: Review the types of Letters and Essays
Literature-In-English: Review the literary terms

Literature-In-English: As in 9.5

WEEK 11 – 12

Second Term JSS3 English Studies NAPPS Scheme of work

Grammar: Expressing exception using except, except for, but, apart from
Reading and comprehension: Reading for critical evaluation
Composition: More on writing to a Pen-pal
Literature-In-English: review the features of folktales
Literature-in-English: Discuss some folktales
Grammar: Prepositions which express relations with people (with, for, against)
Listening comprehension: Listening for implied meanings
Composition: The School Prize Giving Day
Literature-In-English: Poetry – Write a short poem on – The Lonely Child
Literature-In-English: write a short story on – How the Tortoise Got the Pattern on his shell
Speech work: Contrast consonants /ʃ/ and/ȝ/ (mission/pleasure, vision/measure)
Grammar: The simple sentence
Composition: At The Bus Stop
Literature-In-English: Literacy devices in a selected poem
Grammar: The Compound sentence
Listening comprehension: Listening to questions in order to answer them
Composition: Informal letter – A letter to a friend telling him/her about your best subject
Literature-in-English: Use the recommended text on Prose
Literature-In-English: Identification of the features of Prose
Grammar: Punctuation marks: The uses of the capital letter.
Listening comprehension: Listening to interpret ideas in a selected passage
Composition: Informal letter – A letter to your Grandfather/mother telling them that you are coming to spend your forthcoming holidays with them
Literature-In-English: Use the recommended Drama text
Literature-In-English: Theme/setting/characterization in the recommended Drama text
Grammar: Pronouns – Relative and Relative Pronouns
Reading and comprehension: revisit week 5 and 1 st term
Composition: Article Writing – The Evils of Youth Unemployment
Literature-In-English: Lead students to write a playlet
Grammar: Personal Pronouns – Rules guiding the use of personal pronouns
Reading and comprehension: Revisit week 2 of 2 nd Term
Composition: Expository – Drug Addiction
Literature-In-English: Poetry – Language in Poetry
Literature-in-English: Construct sentences with irony and hyperbole
Grammar: Demonstrative Pronouns
Reading and comprehension: Reading to summarize paragraphs
Composition: Argumentative Essay – Teachers are better than farmers in a society
Literature-in-English: Summarizing the Prose text
Literature-in-English: summarizing the prose text
Grammar: differentiating between demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives
Reading and comprehension: revisit week 1 2 nd term
Composition: Expository writing – Population Explosion
Literature-in-English: Revision of the Drama text

Literature-In-English: Revision of the Drama text using relevant questions

WEEK 11 AND 12

REVISION AND EXAMINATION

Third Term JSS1 English Studies NAPPS Scheme of work




	– Introduction –Active Voice and Passive Voice Reading to make meaning from spatial description, Vocabulary development: Air transport : Introduction to Expository Essay : Use the recommended text on Prose : Theme/characterization in the recommended prose text.
	: Identification of diphthongs in words. For example /æ/ as in Mary Mæri/ / æi) as in boil/bæil/ : Highlighting the Active Voice : Reading to identify appropriate introduction and conclusion in selected topics. Vocabulary Development: Words related to Fishing : Elements of writing continued. : Use the recommended text on Prose : Setting/Plot to the recommended text.
	: Introduction to consonants sounds. : The Use of Passive Voice with examples. : Reading to identify key words in the passage that signal direction. Vocabulary Development: Words associated with the kitchen. : Expository Essay (Guided Writing) The Ebola Virus : Poetry Identification of the language used in a selected poem. : Poetry continued.
	: Syllables: words of two, three, four syllables. : Exercise on Active Voice. : Reading to make meaning from spatial description, Vocabulary development: Words associated with the Sick bay. : Argumentative Essay Tribalism is a better evil than Cultism : Myths/Legend. Identification of the moral lessons learnt from a legend. : Use the recommended text on Drama
	: Syllables continued. : Exercise on Passive Voice. : Refer to week 7 of 2 term, Vocabulary development: Words associated with Cooking. : Argumentative Essay Cultism erodes Traditional Values in a Society. : Identification/Explanation of the meaning of a selected poem. : Identification of the Figures of Speech in the selected poem.
	: Consonants clusters (asks. school, thrive, please, respect …) : Statements and Tag Questions : Identification of Topic Sentences. Vocabulary development: Words associated with Teaching. : Identifying the differences between Argumentative Essay and Expository Essay. : Use the recommended text on Drama : Write a short play or story.
	: Word boundaries: Production of sounds with reference to linking sounds. For example: matter-of-fact, Shah of Iran, bread and butter and poor and blind. : Differentiating between Polar Questions and Tag Questions. : Refer to week 8 of 2 term, Vocabulary development: Spelling Drills. Expository Essay: How to plant a Tree. : Use the recommended text on Drama : Use Similes and Metaphors on sentences.
	: Contrasting /ei/ and ie/. For example, date, here, late, cheer : Exercise on Adverbials. : Revisit week 9 of 2 term, Vocabulary development: Spelling Drills continued : (Oral) School Rules : Dramatization of an act from the Drama text. : Turn Similes to Metaphors and vice-versa. For example: She is as red as a rose.She is a red rose.
	Contrasting /uæ/ and /en/ – tour, sow, pour, pole. – Revision of Noun, Pronouns, Verbs and Adjectives. Reading for evaluation. : Revise all the types of Essays. : More on Figure of Speech: Euphemism/Pun
	REVISION
	TEST AND EXAMINATION

Third Term JSS2 English Studies NAPPS Scheme of work




	TERM’S WORK AND EXAMINATION QUESTIONS:SPEECH WORK -REVISION OF STRESS/INTONATIONS.GRAMMAR: The use of conjunctions Although and whereas as contrasts Reading to understand the writer’s purpose by identifying the key words in a selected passage. A review of Formal letters and Informal letters : Review of Literacy Terms and Figures of Speech. : As in 1.5
	: Consonants/t/and/d/or/p/&/b/at the initial. Middle and final position of words. : Using despite an inspite with adequate examples Reading to summarize the key ideas from different paragraphs : Use the recommended text on Prose. : : More or Myths and Legends. Themes in popular Myths/Legends.
	: Consonants sound/t/and/s/)sheep/cheap, mash/march) : The uses of Have, Has and Had. : Reading to infer the author’s intention in a selected passage a composition on the topic: -Pride goes before a fall : Characterization, Theme and Diction in the recommended Prose text : Write a simple story on Honesty and Fair play.
	: Consonants sound/ᴓ/and /ᴓ /(think/father, mouth/lathe) : Synonyms: using adequate examples. : Reading to identify words/expressions that signal or redirect attention to the main point. VOCABULARY development: Words associated with Human rights a composition on the topic: The Responsibility of Government : Use the recommended text on Prose : Writing a simple poem on Laziness.
	: Consonants/w/and /j/ ) wonder/university, win/yellow) : Antonyms- using adequate examples As in week 1. Vocabulary Development: Conflict resolution. Words associated with Cooking. : A topic on – A memorable Journey I once made : Identification of the moral import in the recommended Prose text. : Setting /plot in the recommended prose text.
	: Contrasting vowel/U/and/U:/ (Look/youth, book/food) : The use of causative verbs. For examples: blacken-to cause to become black As in week 2. Vocabulary Development: words associated with Religion . : Writing a dialogue : Use the recommended text on Drama. : Figures of speech in the recommended drama text..
	: Contrast between vowels /Ӭ/ and /˄/ (caught/come, lawn/love) Adverbs of place ( by the gate, in the school, on the field…) As in week 3. : Composition on the topic; The day I would not like to remember : Use the recommended text on Drama : Dramatisation of some from the recommended test on drama
	: Consonant and vowel sounds differentiated. : Review of prefix and suffix : Refer to week 4. : Write a composition on the topic: The Rich Also cry : Characterisation, Diction, Plot and Theme in the recommended text on drama : As 8.5
	: Review of the consonant sounds with emphasis on/Ө/ and /Ө/ : More on Question Tags : Review the language skills : Review the components of Letter writing and Essay Writing : Review the Prose text in use. : Turn Review the Drama text in use.
	REVISION
	TEST AND EXAMINATION

Third term jss3 English Studies Scheme of work NAPPS




	TERM’S WORK AND EXAMINATION
	( Look at some past questions) -English Structure_ Review of Nouns and Pronouns -Composition- Review of Narrative/Descriptive Essays – Speech Work: Review of Monothongs -Literature-in-English Review of major/minor characters, theme, plot, tragic/comic elements, diction
	(Use past questions) – Review of Verbs and Adverbs Composition- Review of Argumentative/Expository Essay – Speech Work- Review of Diphtongs Review of Literary terms for poetry: metaphor, Smile, Alliteration, Irony and so on
	: Review of Literary terms for poetry, metaphor, Smile, Alliteration, Irony and so on -English STRUCTURE: Review and interjection COMPOSITION- Revisit informal letter, Formal letter and their features Review of consonant sounds, -Use past questions
	Use past questions for all the aspects of the revision
	Use past questions for all the aspects of the revision
	Use past questions for all the aspects of the revision
	Use past questions for all the aspects of the revision
	Use past questions for all the aspects of the revision
	Use past questions for all the aspects of the revision
	TEST AND EXAMINATION

NAPPS SCHEME OF WORK FOR LOWER PRIMARY FIRST TERM(1 – 3)- ALL SUBJECTS

First term english studies scheme of work for primary five (5)/ basic five, third term home economic scheme of work for primary four (4), second term social studies scheme of work for primary one (1).

Christian Religious Studies (CRS)…

Third term english studies….

FIRST TERM CIVIC EDUCATION…

Account Second Term Scheme…

Privacy Overview

JSS 1, 2 & 3 English Language Past Questions and Answers

Jss 3 english language past questions and answers.

Recommended: Study Complete JSS Classes Past Questions & Answers and Lesson Notes

SECTION: Objective

Instructions: Answer ALL questions in this section

1 We have ____ types of essay.

a) 4 b) 1 c) 3 d) 10

2. All are types of essay writing except

a) Formal letter b) narrative c) argumentative d) descriptive

3. All are types of letter writing except

a) Narrative b) formal c) informal d) semi-formal

4. ____ is the rising and falling of tone.

a) Intonation b) stress c) syllabus d) tones

5. The types of intonation are ____ and ____.

a) Pitch and rising b) falling and rising c) rising and weakling d) falling and fall

6. This is my book. The sentence is ____

a) Command b) statement c) question d) none

7. ____ shows the relationship between noun and pronoun or noun and noun.

a) Preposition b) adjective c) pronoun d) noun

8. ____ is the loudness placed in a word or sentence.

a) Stress b) syllable c) noun d) verb

From numbers 9 to 10, choose the appropriate word to complete the sentence.

9 All ____ types of essay writing.

a) are b) is c) an d) of

10. Who ____ that at the door?

a) is b) are c) an d) on

SECTION: Essay

What is intonation?
Mention the types of letter writing.
With examples explain stress.
Write the types of information.

Recommended: Study Complete JSS Classes Past Questions & Answers and Lesson Notes .

JSS 2 English Language Past Questions and Answers

1 In our passage, inflation means what ____

a) Falling in price b) rising in price c) downcast d) falling

2 ____ means sex

a) Gender b) sexuality c) gen d) none of the above

3. All are examples of noun except

a) Verb b) stone c) Mohammed d) happy

4. ____ is a name of a person, animal, place or thing

a) Pronoun b) Noun c) verb d) adverb

5. All are types of noun except

a) Interjection b) proper noun c) common noun d) abstract noun

6. We have ____ types of gender

a) 1 b) 4 c) 5 d) 8

7. “Boy” is a male gender

True or False

8. Comprehension simply means ____

a) Understanding b) confusion c) convert d) concrete

9. Pronouns are words used instead of a noun.

Instructions: Answer any two questions

What is a noun?
Write the types of noun.
What is gender?
Explain abstract noun.

JSS 1 English Language Past Questions and Answers

1 We have 26 English letters.

2. “on” is a two-letter words

3. _____ is a vowel number one

a) |i:| b) |i| c) |u| d) |e|

4. The last letter in our alphabets is ____

a) Z b) A c) N d) O

5. All are English alphabet except

a) 4 b) A c) Q d) R

6. All are noun except

a) Stone b) running c) Mary b) Philip

7. A noun is a name of person, animal, place or thing.

8. The first letter in our alphabet is ____

a) B b) C c) A d) R

9. The plural of boy is ____

a) Boy b) boys c) girls d) dog

10. ____ is not a noun

a) Crying b) book c) car d) class

Write the English alphabet or letter
Give five (5) examples of two letter words
Mention ten (10) examples of noun

Tagged: JSS Past questions and answers, JSS 1 Past questions and answers, Junior WAEC Past questions and answers, Junior WAEC, JSS 2 Past questions and answers, JSS 3 Past questions and answers

JAMB Past Questions & Answers PDF (FREE downloads, all subjects)

January 09 2024

JAMB Physics sample past questions solutions

September 01 2021

JAMB tutorials Mathematics

January 14 2019

Add a Comment

Notice: Posting irresponsibily can get your account banned!

Comments, Page 1/5

I need past jss3 maths Questionfor wace

Please where are the answer

I love the question

????????????????

Question is easy

plz this are so easy So cheap Help plz

the past questions were easy'

Please I need the answers

No need for answers

please for the sake of God on monday is our exam i neeed the answer

Please answer

Featured Posts

Pardon Our Interruption

As you were browsing something about your browser made us think you were a bot. There are a few reasons this might happen:

You've disabled JavaScript in your web browser.
You're a power user moving through this website with super-human speed.
You've disabled cookies in your web browser.
A third-party browser plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript from running. Additional information is available in this support article .

To regain access, please make sure that cookies and JavaScript are enabled before reloading the page.

IMAGES

What Is an Argumentative Essay? Simple Examples To Guide You
💐 Argumentative paper sample. 16 Easy Argumentative Essay Examples For
FREE 19+ Argumentative Essay Samples & Templates in PDF, MS Word
How to Write a Good Argumentative Essay: Steps and Examples
Argumentative Essay: Definition, Outline & Examples of Argumentative
How To Write An Argumentative Essay: Step By Step Guide

VIDEO

निबंध-लेखन (Essay Writing) class.8
Argumentative Essays
What is Argumentative Writing ?
Argumentative Essay
Argumentative essays I The best college essay
Crafting Research Paper Hooks with Statistics

COMMENTS

3 Strong Argumentative Essay Examples, Analyzed · PrepScholar
Argumentative Essay Example 2. Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through female Anopheles mosquitoes. Each year, over half a billion people will become infected with malaria, with roughly 80% of them living in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Topic: Argumentative Essay
This could be facts, statistics, examples from your own life, or even quotes from experts. Consider the Other Side: Imagine someone arguing against you. Briefly explain their point, then explain why you disagree. Conclude Strongly: Summarize your main points and restate your claim in a powerful way. do's to essay writing: Use clear and concise ...
English Studies Lesson Note For JSS1 (Second Term) 2024
From the structure given here, write an argumentative essay on the topic "Technology has done more harm than good". Use strong and logical points to either support or oppose the motion. Note: There is an example of an argumentative essay in the Week 8 lesson, check it out here . WEEK 7. SPEECH WORK: INTRODUCTION TO VOWEL CONTRASTING: /ƥ ...
JSS1 English Language Third Term: Argumentative Essay and the use of
Here is an example; a) Introduction. b) Pros (arguments for X) c) Cons (arguments against X; it may be that you are mentioning them in order to attack them!) d) Conclusion. How to Write an Argumentative Essay. To write an argumentative essay, the writer should first of all choose a topic that gives them a platform to argue. ... JSS1 English ...
Jss1 English Language First Term E-learning Note
* The strongest argument, both on the 'pro' side and on the 'con' side, should be left to the last. * Verbosity should be avoided. Expository Essay. An expository essay is the one that requires a writer to write on an exposition or explanation of an idea or how to do or make some thing. The expository essay is an informative piece of ...
topic: Argumentative Essay
Topic: Argumentative Essay. Meaning: An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing where the writer presents their viewpoint on a specific topic, supported by evidence and reasoning. The goal is to convince the reader to agree with the writer's perspective or take a particular course of action.
argumentative essay
An argumentative essay is a composition written or presented in order to win the audience or reader to the writer or speaker's side with convincing and reasonable points.Examples of argumentative essay or composition are: Boys are more useful to the parent than girls. Boarding school is better than day school.
Composition : Argumentative Essay
Conclusion: - Summarize the main points discussed in the essay, reaffirming the argument that air transportation is safer than road transportation. - End with a strong closing statement that reinforces the importance of prioritizing safety in all modes of transportation and encourages further exploration of the topic.
Argumentative Essay Examples & Analysis
Introduction Example. Now let's move on to those argumentative essay examples, and examine in particular a couple of introductions. The first takes on a common argumentative essay topic —capital punishment. The death penalty has long been a divisive issue in the United States. 24 states allow the death penalty, while the other 26 have ...
JSS 1 English Language Scheme of Work ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd Term)
Detailed JSS1 English Language scheme of work, designed for a structured and engaging curriculum ... Argumentative Essay - Tribalism is a better evil than cultism. ... Production of sounds with reference to linking sounds. For example, matter of fact, shah of Iran, bread and butter, poor and blind. 7.2 GRAMMAR. Differentiating between polar ...
JSS1 English Lesson notes- Third Term
Composition: Argumentative Essay: Male Child is More Useful than a Female Child. Literature Poetry (Identification in a Poem). Speech Work:Two,Three&Four Syllables; Grammar: The Use of Active and Passive Voice with example. Comprehension: Unit 4, Page 54. Composition:Argumentative Essay: AMale Child is More Useful than a Female Child
20 Easy and Free Argumentative Essay Examples for Students
The models for writing an argumentative essay are the classical model, the Rogerian model, and the Toulmin model. To make sure that you write a good argumentative essay, read the different types of examples mentioned in this blog. 1. Good Argumentative Essay Examples.
How to Write an Argumentative Essay
Make a claim. Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim. Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim) Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives. The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays.
Lesson note on English Studies JSS 1 First Term
An essay is a written composition of moderate length explaining a particular issue or subject matter. In writing an essay, we must consider the following types of essays which are : (a) Narrative essay (b) Descriptive essay (c) Argumentative essay (d) Expository essay. Narrative Essay: this is a type of essay that you are made to tell a story.
How to Write an Argumentative Essay (Examples Included)
Developing an argument requires a significant understanding of the subject matter from all angles. Let's take a look at the steps to writing an argumentative essay: 1. Choose appropriate argumentative essay topics. Although topics for an argumentative essay are highly diverse, they are based on a controversial stance.
What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)
An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here's an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3. 1. Introduction: Hook: Start with a compelling statement, question, or anecdote to grab the reader's attention.
3 Key Tips for How to Write an Argumentative Essay
Focus Area #3: Writing the Conclusion. It's common to conclude an argumentative essay by reiterating the thesis statement in some way, either by reminding the reader what the overarching argument was in the first place or by reviewing the main points and evidence that you covered.
Lesson note on English Language Jss1 First Term
An argumentative essay is the one that requires a writer to present a subject with a view of persuading the reader to agree with the writer's point of view. ... Sample Essay. Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. ... English Language Lesson note for JSS1 - Edudelight ...
5 Expository Essay Examples (Full Text with Citations)
Expository Essay: It maintains a neutral and objective tone. The writer presents information factually and impartially, without expressing personal opinions or biases. Argumentative Essay: It often adopts a more assertive, persuasive, and subjective tone. The writer takes a clear position and argues in favor of it, using persuasive language.
How to Write an Argumentative Essay
An argumentative essay comprises five essential components: 1. Claim. Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.
English Studies Scheme of Work NAPPS (JSS1
Composition: Argumentative Essay: Herbal medicines are more potent than orthodox medicines are; Literature-In-English: Identification of some figures of speech in the recommended prose text; Literature-in-English: as in 5.5; WEEK 6. Speech work: review of stress/intonation. Refer to weeks 3 and 4. Grammar: Adverbials and the Present tense
Example Of An Argumentative Essay (pdf)
Example Of An Argumentative Essay Writing an essay on the topic "Example of an Argumentative Essay" can be a challenging task, as it requires a careful balance between presenting a clear argument and providing relevant examples to support that argument. The difficulty lies in not only understanding the intricacies of constructing a persuasive argument but also in selecting appropriate examples ...
JSS 1, 2 & 3 English Language Past Questions and Answers
Instructions: Answer ALL questions in this section. 1 In our passage, inflation means what ____. a) Falling in price b) rising in price c) downcast d) falling. 2 ____ means sex. a) Gender b) sexuality c) gen d) none of the above. 3. All are examples of noun except. a) Verb b) stone c) Mohammed d) happy.
Student Persuasive Essay Examples (pdf)
Student Persuasive Essay Examples Crafting an essay on the topic of "Student Persuasive Essay Examples" can be both challenging and rewarding. The difficulty lies in the need to strike a balance between showcasing persuasive writing skills and providing concrete examples that resonate with the target audience вЂ" students. The challenge is not merely in presenting a coherent argument but ...

English Studies Lesson Note for JSS1 (Second Term) 2024

JSS1 English Studies Lesson Note ( Second Term ) 2024

Share this:

JSS1 English Language Third Term: Argumentative Essay and the use of “how”

Grammar- Interrogative Adverb (the use of “how”)

How to Write an Argumentative Essay

Skill Focus: Reading Widely

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Subscribe to our Newsletter and join hundreds of thousands of Learners and Teachers who rely on Passnownow.com everyday syllabus-based class content and stay up to date with the latest gist on teen stuff, schools, education and scholarship/internship opportunities from around the World

Free Online Secondary School & Lessons Notes for Teachers & Students

JSS1 JSS2 JSS3 SS1 SS2 SS3

Learn by ‘Subject’ :

Free Class Lesson notes for Secondary school Teachers and students

Latest FROM OUR BLOG

Free online Secondary school Lesson notes and Classes

Why Choose StopLearn.com?

Our Safe Advertisement policy:

Our On demand Learning Approach

Free Classroom Lesson Notes for Secondary school Teachers and Students

Argumentative Essay Examples & Analysis

What is an argumentative essay?

Argumentative essay structure

Introduction Example

Argumentative Essay Examples (Continued)

Body Paragraph Example

Conclusion Example

Dane Gebauer

College Planning in Your Inbox

JSS 1 English Language Scheme of Work ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd Term)

Related posts:

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Related Posts

Best Argumentative Essay Examples for Your Help

Good Argumentative Essay Examples

How to Start an Argumentative Essay Example

Argumentative Essay Example

Argumentative Essay Examples for College

Argumentative Essay Examples for Middle School

Argumentative Essay Examples for High School

Argumentative Essay Examples for O Level

5-Paragraph Argumentative Essay Examples

Argumentative Essay Examples for 6th Grade

Argumentative Essay Examples for 7th Grade

Short Argumentative Essay Examples

Immigration Argumentative Essay Examples

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the structure of an argument?

Keep reading

Have a language expert improve your writing

How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Table of contents

Argumentative writing at college level

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Toulmin arguments

Rogerian arguments

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Cite this Scribbr article

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Checklist: Dissertation Proposal

Examples: Edited Papers

What is an argumentative essay?

Argumentative essay outline

3. Rogerian

How to write an argumentative essay

Argumentative essay example

Should Companies Invest in Manpower over Autonomous Machines?

Frequently Asked Questions

Your vs. You’re: When to Use Your and You’re

What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)

Table of Contents

How to write an argumentative essay?

How to write a good thesis

Frequently Asked Questions

Argumentative essay structure

Argumentative essay outline

Types of argument claims

Argumentative essay writing tips