conference presentation bibtex

We love good questions

LaTeX.org on Twitter - follow us

Unanswered topics
Active topics
Impressum and Privacy Policy
About LaTeX
Board index LaTeX's Friends BibTeX, biblatex and biber

LaTeX forum ⇒ BibTeX, biblatex and biber ⇒ Citing presentations

Citing presentations.

Post by syntaxerror » Sat Jan 02, 2010 7:33 pm

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 1 guest

Recommended reading 2024: LaTeXguide.org • LaTeX-Cookbook.net • TikZ.org
News and Articles
Unread posts
Other LaTeX forums
TeXwelt (deutsch)
goLaTeX (deutsch)
TeXnique (français)
Board index
All times are UTC+02:00
Delete all board cookies
Text Formatting
Graphics, Figures & Tables
Math & Science
Fonts & Character Sets
Page Layout
Document Classes
BibTeX, biblatex and biber
MakeIndex, Nomenclature, Glossaries and Acronyms
Conversion Tools
Viewers for PDF, PS, and DVI
Decision Guidance
MiKTeX and proTeXt
TeX Live and MacTeX
Scientific Word/Workplace
Texmaker and TeXstudio
Announcements
Templates, Wizards & Tools
Feature Suggestions
Development
Articles, Essays, and Journal Templates
Theses, Books, Title pages
Presentations and Posters
Curricula Vitae / Résumés
Assignments, Laboratory books and reports
Calendars and Miscellaneous
Community talk
Comments & Wishes
New Members
LaTeX Beginner's Guide

University of Wisconsin–Madison
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Research Guides
LaTeX Guide
Citing with BibTeX

LaTeX Guide : Citing with BibTeX

Introduction
Getting Started
UW-Madison Templates

LaTeX uses the BibTeX (.bib) file format to manage and process lists of references in order to produce in-text citations and formatted bibliographies. It is possible to create a BibTeX file from scratch using a text editor, but many literature databases and most modern citation managers can export directly to this format.

Bibliography management with BibTeX An introduction to using BibTeX and .bib files for bibliography management, including solutions to common problems. From Overleaf.
BibTeX Basic introduction to the BibTeX file format and how to use it with LaTeX.
Choosing a BibTeX style Guide from Reed College on various citation styles and how to use them with BibTeX and LaTeX.

Citation Managers and LaTeX/BibTeX

Jabref is a free reference manager with native BibTeX and BibLaTeX support—it's designed for use with systems like LaTeX and includes cite-while-you-write functionality for LaTeX editors like Kile, LyX, and TeXstudio.

JabRef Free citation manager with BibTeX support. Made by researchers for researchers.

Zotero is a free, open source citation manager. To create a BibTeX file with Zotero:

Save all your references into a single collection folder
Right click that collection in Zotero ( Ctrl + click for Mac OS)
Choose Export Collection...
Change the format from RIS to BibTeX

This will create a .bib file for you. Because Zotero is open source, there are a number of third-party plugins you can get to add or improve functionality. Better BibTeX for Zotero is highly recommended if you will be using Zotero for citation management for a LaTeX project.

Better BibTeX for Zotero A plugin for Zotero that makes it easier for LaTeX users to manage bibliographic data.
How to link your Overleaf account to Mendeley and Zotero For users with premium subscriptions only.

EndNote is a powerful citation manager, but the full version cannot be used without the purchase of a software license. The paid version of EndNote can produce a BibTeX file for your references, with some limitations. To do this:

Save all your references into a single EndNote group
Select the references in EndNote (use Ctrl +A for Windows or Cmd + A for Mac OS to select all)
From the main menu choose File > Export...
Choose BibTeX Export as the file output style (this may require installing the BibTeX Export style from the Style Manager)
Save the file
EndNote creates a plain text (.txt) file with BibTeX formatting inside; you will need to manually change it to .bib

Note: these instructions were created using EndNote 20. The process may not be exactly the same for other versions of EndNote.

Can I use Overleaf with EndNote? Instructions for using EndNote to manage references for an Overleaf LaTeX project.

Mendeley is a free citation manager. Follow the directions below to create a BibTeX file containing the references from a Mendeley collection.

Save all your references into a single folder
Navigate to that folder in Mendeley Reference Manager
Choose File > Export All from the main menu
Choose BibTeX (*.bib) and save your file

Note: the steps may vary depending on the version of Mendeley being used.

Exporting references from Mendeley Instructions for exporting your Mendeley reference library to a variety of formats. Note that this creates a static file.
<< Previous: Getting Started
Next: UW-Madison Templates >>
Last Updated: May 29, 2024 3:50 PM
URL: https://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/latex

LaTeX-Tutorial.com

Bibliography in latex with bibtex/biblatex, learn how to create a bibliography with bibtex and biblatex in a few simple steps. create references / citations and autogenerate footnotes., creating a .bib file, using bibtex.

Autogenerate footnotes with BibLaTeX
BibTeX Format

BibTeX Styles

New Post! Export Bibliographic Database (BibTeX) Entries from Online Databases

We have looked at many features of LaTeX so far and learned that many things are automated by LaTeX. There are functions to add a table of contents, lists of tables and figures and also several packages that allow us to generate a bibliography. I will describe how to use bibtex and biblatex (both external programs) to create the bibliography. At first we have to create a .bib file, which contains our bibliographic information.

A .bib file will contain the bibliographic information of our document. I will only give a simple example, since there are many tools to generate the entries automatically. I will not explain the structure of the file itself at this point, since i suggest using a bibtex generator (choose one from google). Our example will contain a single book and look like this:

If you don’t want to use a BibTeX generator or a reference management tool like Citavi (which generates BibTeX files automatically for you), you can find more examples of BibTeX formats here.

After creating the bibtex file, we have to tell LaTeX where to find our bibliographic database. For BibTeX this is not much different from printing the table of contents. We just need the commands \bibliography which tells LaTeX the location of our .bib file and \bibliographystyle which selects one of various bibliographic styles.

By using this code, we will obtain something like this:

I named my .bib file lesson7a1.bib, note that I did not enter the .bib extension. For the style, I’ve choosen the ieeetr style, which is very common for my subject, but there are many more styles available. Which will change the way our references look like. The ieeetr style will mark citations with successive numbers such as [1] in this example. If I choose the style to apalike instead, i will get the following result:

Most editors will let you select, to run bibtex automatically on compilation. In TeXworks (MiKTeX) for example, this should be selected by default.

If you use a different editor, it can be necessary to execute the bibtex command manually. In a command prompt/shell simply run:

It is necessary to execute the pdflatex command, before the bibtex command, to tell bibtex what literature we cited in our paper. Afterwards the .bib file will be translated into the proper output for out references section. The next two steps merge the reference section with our LaTeX document and then assign successive numbers in the last step.

Autogenerate footnotes in $\LaTeX$ using BibLaTeX

The abilities of BibTeX are limited to basic styles as depicted in the examples shown above. Sometimes it is necessary to cite all literature in footnotes and maintaining all of them by hand can be a frustrating task. At this point BibLaTeX kicks in and does the work for us. The syntax varies a bit from the first document. We now have to include the biblatex package and use the \autocite and \printbibliography command. It is crucial to move the \bibliography{lesson7a1} statement to the preamble of our document:

The \autocite command generates the footnotes and we can enter a page number in the brackets \autocite[1]{DUMMY:1} will generate a footnote like this:

For BibLaTeX we have to choose the citation style on package inclusion with:

The backend=bibtex part makes sure to use BibTeX instead of Biber as our backend, since Biber fails to work in some editors like TeXworks. It took me a while to figure out how to generate footnotes automatically, because the sources I found on the internet, didn’t mention this at all.

BibTeX Formats

This is not meant to be a comprehensive list of BibTeX formats, but rather give you an idea of how to cite various sources properly. If you’re interested in an extensive overview of all BibTeX formats, I suggest you to check out the resources on Wikibooks.

$Journal.png$

Inbook (specific pages)

$Inbook.png$

This is a list of the formats that I have most commonly used. If you think some important format is missing here, please let me know.

Here’s a quick overview of some popular styles to use with BibTeX.

$abbrv.png$

I’m trying to keep this list updated with other commonly used styles. If you’re missing something here, please let me know.

Generate a bibliography with BibTeX and BibLaTeX
First define a .bib file using: \bibliography{BIB_FILE_NAME} (do not add .bib)
For BibTeX put the \bibliography statement in your document , for BibLaTeX in the preamble
BibTeX uses the \bibliographystyle command to set the citation style
BibLaTeX chooses the style as an option like: \usepackage[backend=bibtex, style=verbose-trad2]{biblatex}
BibTeX uses the \cite command, while BibLaTeX uses the \autocite command
The \autocite command takes the page number as an option: \autocite[NUM]{}

Next Lesson: 08 Footnotes

Plagiarism and grammar
Citation guides

Cite a Conference in BIBTEX

- powered by chegg.

Check your paper before your teacher does!

Avoid plagiarism — quickly check for missing citations and check for writing mistakes., is your source credible don’t forget to consider these factors., purpose : reason the source exists.

Is the point of the information to inform, persuade, teach, or sell?
Do the authors/publishers make their intentions clear?
Does the information appear to be fact or opinion?
Does the point of view seem impartial? Do they identify counter-arguments?

Authority - Author: Source of the information

Who is the author? What are their credentials or qualifications?
What makes the author qualified to write on this topic?
Is there clearly defined contact information for the author?

Authority - Publisher: Source of the information

Who is the publisher? Is it a non-profit, government agency, or organization? How might this affect their point of view?
What makes the publisher qualified to generate works on this subject?
What can the URL tell you about the publisher? For instance, .gov may signify that it is a government agency.

Relevance : Importance of the information to your topic

Currency : timeliness of the information.

When was the information published? When was it last updated? Does it reflect the most current information available?
How does your topic fit in with this source’s publication date? Do you need current information to make your point or do older sources work better?

Comprehensiveness

Does the source present one or multiple viewpoints on your topic?
Does the source present a large amount of information on the topic? Or is it short and focused?
Are there any points you feel may have been left out, on purpose or accidentally, that affect its comprehensiveness?
Citation Guides
Chicago Style
Terms of Use
Global Privacy Policy
Cookie Notice
DO NOT SELL MY INFO

Plagiarism and grammar
Citation guides

Cite a Conference in BIBTEX

Don't let plagiarism errors spoil your paper

Consider your source's credibility. ask these questions:, contributor/author.

Has the author written several articles on the topic, and do they have the credentials to be an expert in their field?
Can you contact them? Do they have social media profiles?
Have other credible individuals referenced this source or author?
Book: What have reviews said about it?
What do you know about the publisher/sponsor? Are they well-respected?
Do they take responsibility for the content? Are they selective about what they publish?
Take a look at their other content. Do these other articles generally appear credible?
Does the author or the organization have a bias? Does bias make sense in relation to your argument?
Is the purpose of the content to inform, entertain, or to spread an agenda? Is there commercial intent?
Are there ads?
When was the source published or updated? Is there a date shown?
Does the publication date make sense in relation to the information presented to your argument?
Does the source even have a date?
Was it reproduced? If so, from where?
If it was reproduced, was it done so with permission? Copyright/disclaimer included?
Citation Machine® Plus
Citation Guides
Chicago Style
Harvard Referencing
Terms of Use
Global Privacy Policy
Cookie Notice
DO NOT SELL MY INFO

No Search Results

Bibliography management with bibtex
1 Advisory note
2 Introduction
3.1 A note on compilation times
4.1 Some notes on using $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ and .bib files
5.1 Multiple authors in $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$
5.2 Multiple-word last names
5.3 I tried to use % to comment out some lines or entries in my .bib file, but I got lots of error messages instead?
6.1 Edit the .bib file as plain text
6.2 Help from GUI-based .bib editors
6.3 Export from reference library services
6.4 I’ve already got a reference list in a Microsoft Word/HTML/PDF file; can I somehow reuse the data without re-typing everything?
7.1 Further reading

Advisory note

If you are starting from scratch we recommend using biblatex because that package provides localization in several languages, it’s actively developed and makes bibliography management easier and more flexible.

Introduction

Many tutorials have been written about what $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ is and how to use it . However, based on our experience of providing support to Overleaf’s users, it’s still one of the topics that many newcomers to $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ find complicated—especially when things don’t go quite right; for example: citations aren’t appearing; problems with authors’ names; not sorted to a required order; URLs not displayed in the references list, and so forth.

In this article we’ll pull together all the threads relating to citations, references and bibliographies, as well as how Overleaf and related tools can help users manage these.

We’ll start with a quick recap of how $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ and bibliography database ( .bib ) files work and look at some ways to prepare .bib files. This is, of course, running the risk of repeating some of the material contained in many online tutorials, but future articles will expand our coverage to include bibliography styles and biblatex —the alternative package and bibliography processor.

Bibliography: just a list of \bibitems

Let’s first take a quick look “under the hood” to see what a $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ reference list is comprised of—please don’t start coding your reference list like this because later in this article we’ll look at other, more convenient, ways to do this.

A reference list really just a thebibliography list of \bibitems :

By default, this thebibliography environment is a numbered list with labels [1] , [2] and so forth. If the document class used is article , \begin{thebibliography} automatically inserts a numberless section heading with \refname (default value: References ). If the document class is book or report, then a numberless chapter heading with \bibname (default value: Bibliography ) is inserted instead. Each \bibitem takes a cite key as its parameter, which you can use with \cite commands, followed by information about the reference entry itself. So if you now write

together with the thebibliography block from before, this is what gets rendered into your PDF when you run a $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ processor (i.e. any of latex , pdflatex , xelatex or lualatex ) on your source file:

Figure 1: Citing entries from a thebibliography list.

Notice how each \bibitem is automatically numbered, and how \cite then inserts the corresponding numerical label.

\begin{thebibliography} takes a numerical argument: the widest label expected in the list. In this example we only have two entries, so 9 is enough. If you have more than ten entries, though, you may notice that the numerical labels in the list start to get misaligned:

Figure 2: thebibliography with a label that’s too short.

We’ll have to make it \begin{thebibliography}{99} instead, so that the longest label is wide enough to accommodate the longer labels, like this:

Figure 3: thebibliography with a longer label width.

If you compile this example code snippet on a local computer you may notice that after the first time you run pdflatex (or another $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ processor), the reference list appears in the PDF as expected, but the \cite commands just show up as question marks [?] .

This is because after the first $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ run the cite keys from each \bibitem ( texbook , lamport94 ) are written to the .aux file and are not yet available for reading by the \cite commands. Only on the second run of pdflatex are the \cite commands able to look up each cite key from the .aux file and insert the corresponding labels ( [1] , [2] ) into the output.

On Overleaf, though, you don’t have to worry about re-running pdflatex yourself. This is because Overleaf uses the latexmk build tool , which automatically re-runs pdflatex (and some other processors) for the requisite number of times needed to resolve \cite outputs. This also accounts for other cross-referencing commands, such as \ref and \tableofcontents .

A note on compilation times

Processing $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ reference lists or other forms of cross-referencing, such as indexes, requires multiple runs of software—including the $\mathrm{\TeX}$ engine (e.g., pdflatex ) and associated programs such as $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$, makeindex , etc. As mentioned above, Overleaf handles all of these mulitple runs automatically, so you don’t have to worry about them. As a consequence, when the preview on Overleaf is refreshing for documents with bibliographies (or other cross-referencing), or for documents with large image files (as discussed separately here ), these essential compilation steps may sometimes make the preview refresh appear to take longer than on your own machine. We do, of course, aim to keep it as short as possible! If you feel your document is taking longer to compile than you’d expect, here are some further tips that may help.

Enter $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$

There are, of course, some inconveniences with manually preparing the thebibliography list:

It’s up to you to accurately format each \bibitem based on the reference style you’re asked to use—which bits should be in bold or italic? Should the year come immediately after the authors, or at the end of the entry? Given names first, or last names first?
If you’re writing for a reference style which requires the reference list to be sorted by the last names of first authors, you’ll need to sort the \bibitem s yourself.
For different manuscripts or documents that use different reference styles you’ll need to rewrite the \bibitem for each reference.

This is where $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ and bibliography database files ( .bib files) are extremely useful, and this is the recommended approach to manage citations and references in most journals and theses. The biblatex approach, which is slightly different and gaining popularity, also requires a .bib file but we’ll talk about biblatex in a future post.

Instead of formatting cited reference entries in a thebibliography list, we maintain a bibliography database file (let’s name it refs.bib for our example) which contains format-independent information about our references. So our refs.bib file may look like this:

You can find more information about other $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ reference entry types and fields here —there’s a huge table showing which fields are supported for which entry types. We’ll talk more about how to prepare .bib files in a later section.

Now we can use \cite with the cite keys as before, but now we replace thebibliography with a \bibliographystyle{...} to choose the reference style, as well as \bibliography{...} to point $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ at the .bib file where the cited references should be looked-up.

This is processed with the following sequence of commands, assuming our $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ document is in a file named main.tex (and that we are using pdflatex ):

pdflatex main
bibtex main

and we get the following output:

BibTeX output with plain bibliography style

Figure 4: $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ output using the plain bibliography style.

Whoah! What’s going on here and why are all those (repeated) processes required? Well, here’s what happens.

During the first pdflatex run, all pdflatex sees is a \bibliographystyle{...} and a \bibliography{...} from main.tex . It doesn’t know what all the \cite{...} commands are about! Consequently, within the output PDF, all the \cite{...} commands are simply rendered as [?], and no reference list appears, for now. But pdflatex writes information about the bibliography style and .bib file, as well as all occurrences of \cite{...} , to the file main.aux .

It’s actually main.aux that $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ is interested in! It notes the .bib file indicated by \bibliography{...} , then looks up all the entries with keys that match the \cite{...} commands used in the .tex file. $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ then uses the style specified with \bibliographystyle{...} to format the cited entries, and writes a formatted thebibliography list into the file main.bbl . The production of the .bbl file is all that’s achieved in this step; no changes are made to the output PDF.

When pdflatex is run again, it now sees that a main.bbl file is available! So it inserts the contents of main.bbl i.e. the \begin{thebibliography}....\end{thebibliography} into the $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ source, where \bibliography{...} is. After this step, the reference list appears in the output PDF formatted according to the chosen \bibliographystyle{...} , but the in-text citations are still [?].

pdflatex is run again, and this time the \cite{...} commands are replaced with the corresponding numerical labels in the output PDF!

As before, the latexmk build tool takes care of triggering and re-running pdflatex and bibtex as necessary, so you don’t have to worry about this bit.

Some notes on using $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ and .bib files

A few further things to note about using $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ and .bib files :

You may have noticed that although refs.bib contained five $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ reference entries, only two are included in the reference list in the output PDF. This is an important point about $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$: the .bib file’s role is to store bibliographic records, and only entries that have been cited (via \cite{...} ) in the .tex files will appear in the reference list. This is similar to how only cited items from an EndNote database will be displayed in the reference list in a Microsoft Word document. If you do want to include all entries—to be displayed but without actually citing all of them—you can write \nocite{*} . This also means you can reuse the same .bib file for all your $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ projects: entries that are not cited in a particular manuscript or report will be excluded from the reference list in that document.
$\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ requires one \bibliographystyle{...} and one \bibliography{...} to function correctly—in future posts we’ll see how to create multiple bibliographies in the same document. If you keep getting “undefined citation” warnings, check that you have indeed included those two commands, and that the names are spelled correctly. File extensions are not usually required, but bear in mind that file names are case sensitive on some operating systems—including on Overleaf! Therefore, if you typed \bibliographystyle{IEEetran} (note the typo: “e”) instead of \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} , or wrote \bibliography{refs} when the actual file name is Refs.bib , you’ll get the dreaded [?] as citations.
In the same vein, treat your cite keys as case-sensitive, always. Use the exact same case or spelling in your \cite{...} as in your .bib file.
The order of references in the .bib file does not have any effect on how the reference list is ordered in the output PDF: the sorting order of the reference list is determined by the \bibliographystyle{...} . For example, some readers might have noticed that, within my earlier example, the first citation in the text latex2e is numbered [2], while the second citation in the text ( texbook ) is numbered [1]! Have $\mathrm{\LaTeX}$ and $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ lost the plot? Not at all: this is actually because the plain style sorts the reference list by alphabetical order of the first author’s last name . If you prefer a scheme where the numerical citation labels are numbered sequentially throughout the text, you’ll have to choose a bibliography style which implements this. For example, if instead we had used \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} for that example, we’d get the following output. Notice also how the formatting of each cited item in the reference list has automatically updated to suit the IEEE’s style:

Figure 5: IEEEtran bibliography style output.

We’ll talk more about different bibliography styles, including author–year citation schemes, in a future article. For now, let’s turn our attention to .bib file contents, and how we can make the task of preparing .bib files a bit easier.

Taking another look at .bib files

As you may have noticed earlier, a .bib file contains $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ bibliography entries that start with an entry type prefixed with an @ . Each entry has a some key–value $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ fields , placed within a pair of braces ( {...} ). The cite key is the first piece of information given within these braces, and every field in the entry must be separated by a comma :

As a general rule, every bibliography entry should have an author , year and title field, no matter what the type is. There are about a dozen entry types although some bibliography styles may recognise/define more; however, it is likely that you will most frequently use the following entry types:

@article for journal articles (see example above).
@inproceedings for conference proceeding articles:
@book for books (see examples above).
@phdthesis , @masterthesis for dissertations and theses:
@inbook is for a book chapter where the entire book was written by the same author(s): the chapter of interest is identified by a chapter number:
@incollection is for a contributed chapter in a book, so would have its own author and title . The actual title of the entire book is given in the booktitle field; it is likely that an editor field will also be present:
you will often find it useful to add \usepackage{url} or \usepackage{hyperref} in your .tex files’ preamble (for more robust handling of URLs);
not all bibliography styles support the url field: plain doesn’t, but IEEEtran does. All styles support note . More on this in a future post;
you should be mindful that even web pages and @misc entries should have an author , a year and a title field:

Multiple authors in $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$

In a .bib file, commas are only used to separate the last name from the first name of an author—if the last name is written first. Individual author names are separated by and . So these are correct:

But none of the following will work correctly —you’ll get weird output, or even error messages from $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$! So take extra care if you are copying author names from a paper or from a web page.

Multiple-word last names

If an author’s last name is made up of multiple words separated by spaces, or if it’s actually an organisation, place an extra pair of braces around the last name so that $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ will recognise the grouped words as the last name:

Alternatively, you can use the Lastname, Firstname format; some users find that clearer and more readable:

Remember: Whether the first or last name appears first in the output (“John Doe” vs “Doe, John”), or whether the first name is automatically abbreviated “J. Doe” or “Doe, J.” vs “John Doe” “J. Doe”), all such details are controlled by the \bibliographystyle .

I tried to use % to comment out some lines or entries in my .bib file, but I got lots of error messages instead?

% is actually not a comment character in .bib files! So, inserting a % in .bib files not only fails to comment out the line, it also causes some $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ errors. To get $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ to ignore a particular field we just need to rename the field to something that $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ doesn’t recognise. For example, if you want to keep a date field around but prefer that it’s ignored (perhaps because you want $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ to use the year field instead) write Tdate = {...} or the more human-readable IGNOREdate = {...} .

To get $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ to ignore an entire entry you can remove the @ before the entry type. A valid reference entry always starts with a @ followed by the entry type; without the @ character $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ skips the lines until it encounters another @ .

How/where do I actually get those .bib files?

Edit the .bib file as plain text.

Because .bib files are plain text you can certainly write them by hand—once you’re familiar with $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$’s required syntax. Just make sure that you save it with a .bib extension, and that your editor doesn’t surreptitiously add a .txt or some other suffix. On Overleaf you can click on the “Files…” link at the top of the file list panel, and then on “Add blank file” to create a fresh .bib file to work on.

Pro tip: Did you know that Google Scholar search results can be exported to a $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ entry? Click on the “Cite” link below each search result, and then on the “$\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$” option search. You can then copy the $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ entry generated. Here’s a video that demonstrates the process. Note that you should always double-check the fields presented in the entry, as the automatically populated information isn’t always comprehensive or accurate!

Help from GUI-based .bib editors

Many users prefer to use a dedicated $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ bibliography database editor/manager, such as JabRef or BibDesk to maintain, edit and add entries to their .bib files. Using a GUI can indeed help reduce syntax and spelling errors whilst creating bibliography entries in a $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ file. If you prefer, you can prepare your .bib file on your own machine using JabRef, BibDesk or another utility, and then upload it to your Overleaf.

Pro tip: If you’d like to use the same .bib for multiple Overleaf projects, have a look at this help article to set up a “master project”, or this one for sharing files from Google Drive (the instructions apply to other cloud-based storage solutions, such as Dropbox).

Export from reference library services

If you click on the Upload files button above the file list panel, you'll notice some options: Import from Mendeley, and Import from Zotero. If you’re already using one of those reference library management services, Overleaf can now hook into the Web exporter APIs provided by those services to import the .bib file (generated from your library) into your Overleaf project. For more information, see the Overleaf article How to link your Overleaf account to Mendeley and Zotero .

For other reference library services that don’t have a public API, or are not yet directly integrated with Overleaf, such as EndNote or Paperpile , look for an “export to .bib ” option in the application or service. Once you have a .bib file, you can then add it to your Overleaf project.

I’ve already got a reference list in a Microsoft Word/HTML/PDF file; can I somehow reuse the data without re-typing everything?

It used to be that you would have to hand-code each line into a \bibitem or an @article{...} entry (or another entry type) in a .bib file. As you can imagine, it’s not exactly a task that many people look forward to. Fortunately, these days some tools are available to help. They typically take a plain text file, e.g.

and attempt to parse the lines, converting it into a structured bibliography as a $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ .bib file. For example, have a look at text2bib or Edifix . Be sure to go through the options of these tools carefully, so that they work well with your existing unstructured bibliography in plain text.

Summary and further reading

We’ve had a quick look at how $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ processes a .bib bibliography database file to resolve \cite commands and produce a formatted reference list, as well as how to prepare .bib files.

Happy $\mathrm{Bib\TeX}$ing!

Overleaf guides

Creating a document in Overleaf
Uploading a project
Copying a project
Creating a project from a template
Using the Overleaf project menu
Including images in Overleaf
Exporting your work from Overleaf
Working offline in Overleaf
Using Track Changes in Overleaf
Using bibliographies in Overleaf
Sharing your work with others
Using the History feature
Debugging Compilation timeout errors
How-to guides
Guide to Overleaf’s premium features

LaTeX Basics

Creating your first LaTeX document
Choosing a LaTeX Compiler
Paragraphs and new lines
Bold, italics and underlining

Mathematics

Mathematical expressions
Subscripts and superscripts
Brackets and Parentheses
Fractions and Binomials
Aligning equations
Spacing in math mode
Integrals, sums and limits
Display style in math mode
List of Greek letters and math symbols
Mathematical fonts
Using the Symbol Palette in Overleaf

Figures and tables

Inserting Images
Positioning Images and Tables
Lists of Tables and Figures
Drawing Diagrams Directly in LaTeX
TikZ package

References and Citations

Natbib bibliography styles
Natbib citation styles
Biblatex bibliography styles
Biblatex citation styles
Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using polyglossia and fontspec
Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using babel and fontspec
International language support
Quotations and quotation marks

Document structure

Sections and chapters
Cross referencing sections, equations and floats
Nomenclatures
Lengths in L a T e X
Headers and footers
Page numbering
Paragraph formatting
Line breaks and blank spaces
Text alignment
Page size and margins
Single sided and double sided documents
Multiple columns
Code listing
Code Highlighting with minted
Using colours in LaTeX
Margin notes
Font sizes, families, and styles
Font typefaces
Supporting modern fonts with X Ǝ L a T e X

Presentations

Environments

Field specific

Theorems and proofs
Chemistry formulae
Feynman diagrams
Molecular orbital diagrams
Chess notation
Knitting patterns
CircuiTikz package
Pgfplots package
Typesetting exams in LaTeX
Attribute Value Matrices

Class files

Understanding packages and class files
List of packages and class files
Writing your own package
Writing your own class

Advanced TeX/LaTeX

In-depth technical articles on TeX/LaTeX

Get in touch

Have you checked our knowledge base ?

Message sent! Our team will review it and reply by email.

Email:

Guide to BibTeX Type `Proceedings`

BibTeX is a reference management tool that is commonly used in LaTeX documents. The “proceedings” BibTeX type is used for conference proceedings, such as a collection of papers presented at a conference. In this guide, we will explain the required and optional fields for the “proceedings” BibTeX type.

Need a simple solution for managing your BibTeX entries? Explore CiteDrive!

Web-based, modern reference management
Collaborate and share with fellow researchers
Integration with Overleaf
Comprehensive BibTeX/BibLaTeX support
Save articles and websites directly from your browser
Search for new articles from a database of tens of millions of references

Required Fields

The “proceedings” BibTeX type requires the following fields:

title : The title of the conference proceedings.
year : The year the conference proceedings were published.

Optional Fields

In addition to the required fields, the “proceedings” BibTeX type also has a number of optional fields that can be used to provide additional information. These fields include:

editor : The name(s) of the editor(s) of the conference proceedings.
volume : The volume number of the conference proceedings, if applicable.
number : The issue number of the conference proceedings, if applicable.
series : The name of the series that the conference proceedings belong to, if applicable.
address : The location of the conference.
month : The month the conference was held.
publisher : The name of the publisher of the conference proceedings.

Here is an example of how to use the “proceedings” BibTeX type:

In this example, the BibTeX entry defines a set of conference proceedings titled “Proceedings of the International Conference on Example”. The proceedings were published in 2022 and edited by Jane Doe and John Smith. The conference was held in June in New York, NY, and the proceedings were published as volume 1, issue 2 of the “Example Conference Proceedings” series by ACM Press.

Skip to Guides Search
Skip to breadcrumb
Skip to main content
Skip to footer
Skip to chat link
Report accessibility issues and get help
Go to Penn Libraries Home
Go to Franklin catalog

Citation Management Tools: BibTeX

Get Started
Add to Your Library
Organize Your Library
Quick Bibliography
Cite While You Write
Advanced Features
Workshop Material
Noodle Tools
Style Manuals and Citation Guides

BibTeX Reference Formatting

B ib T E X references are formatted in the following style:

@type { unique_identifier , field1 = "value", field2 = "value", field3 = "value", ... }

Field values can either be enclosed in quotes, as above, or in curly braces (e.g. field1 = {value} )

The @type field identifies the type of resource. Common types include:

@conference (or @proceedings )
@inbook (book chapter/section)
@mastersthesis
@misc (outside the normal categories, used for websites)

Various fields are available to use. Standard ones include:

author (i.e. city)
address

BibTeX Basics

B ib T E X is the bibliographic side of L A T E X. Technically speaking, B ib T E X is a specific program which processes bibliographic data and interfaces between . tex and .bib files. However, it is used as a catch-all term for a number of L A T E X bibliographic tools with similar functionality. Collectively, these tools get lumped into the term “B ib T E X.” In essence “using B ib T E X” has come to mean managing references in a .bib file, rather than doing them by hand.

Every B ib T E X citation needs a unique identifier. This is the first item after the opening curly brace, as shown in the example to the left. A best practice is to use a standard system for assigning identifiers, such as the author's last name and year (e.g. sackson1969 ).

Though they all work similarly, each bibliographic tool in L A T E X has its own syntax. The UPenn dissertation template uses the natbib package, in which the standard citation command is \citep{ identifier } . As an example, suppose you want to cite the following reference:

@book{ engel1961, author = "Leonard Engel", title = "Medicine Makers of Kalamazoo", publisher = "McGraw-Hill", address = "New York", year = "1961" }

In your .tex file, use the command \citep{ engel1961 } . By default, the citation will be display as [Engel, 1961] . If you are using the UPenn dissertation template, the citations are pre-formatted, so it will instead display as (Engel, 1961) .

In order to use natbib , you must first add the proper commands to your .tex file. ( NOTE: If you are using the UPenn dissertation template, these commands are already included, so you can skip this step. ) There are three standard commands. The first two go in the preamble:

\usepackage{ natbib } \bibliographystyle{ plainnat }

And the last one goes just before the \end{ document } command:

\bibliography{ filename }

Note that the filename does not include the .bib extension.

There are various ways to customize your references and citations. Ample documentation can be found on Overleaf and elsewhere.

Computer Science & Engineering Librarian

Helpful Links

Overleaf (natbib) Overleaf's information about bibliography management with natbib.
Linking Overleaf to Mendeley/Zotero Overleaf's information about linking to citation management programs.
UPenn Dissertation Template The official UPenn dissertation template.
LaTeX LibGuide Penn Libraries' LibGuide about using LaTeX.
Penn Libraries LaTeX Instruction A series of instructional videos demonstrating how to use LaTeX.
<< Previous: Style Manuals and Citation Guides
Last Updated: Sep 12, 2024 1:16 PM
URL: https://guides.library.upenn.edu/citationmgmt

BibTeX proceedings template

The proceedings entry type is intended to be used for conference proceedings.

Minimal template

Minimal template with required fields only for a BibTeX proceedings entry.

Full template

Full template including required and optional fields for a BibTeX proceedings entry.

How to Use BibTex for Reference Management (A Beginner’s Guide)

What is bibtex.

BibTex is a bibliography management software for LaTex formatted documents.

LaTex is a document-formatting tool that uses plain text. You just need to type in the plain text and it is typeset into a document of your choice.

LaTex formats and creates content such as references, bibliographies, tables of content, tables, schematics as well as mathematics.

As such, LaTex is used in the publication of various documents. Examples are, scientific documents, PHD theses, books, scholarly articles, essays and journals. It is especially popular among STEM and mathematics scholars.

How to use BibTex format

BibTex references contain three components,

Field types
Citation keys
Entry types

BibTex citation keys

These are terms used to uniquely describe the entry type. Citekeys allow BibTex to translate your entries into well-formatted references.

BibTex field types

BibTex has numerous fields that denote specific bibliographic data.

This field denotes the year of a written or published work. In case you want to insert a year range, enclose them either in brackets or quotes. Examples of year entries,

Year = 2007
Year = {1995–1997}

Use this to store a volume number of a journal or book volume. You can enter a volume number in three ways,

Volume = 16
Volume = “30”
Volume = {1}

This entry denotes a title of the work you want to reference. Use correct capitalization to prevent BibTex from changing the words into lowercase. There are numerous ways you can enter a title field,

Enclosing the first letter of each title word in brackets. For example,

Title = “{C}arlos {J}ung-{E}arly {I}nventions in {S}pace”,

Put the entire title field into brackets to preserve capitalization. For example,

Title = { {The 5AM Club} }

This is a non-standard BibTex field entry that denotes the url of web pages. Example of a url entry,

Url = “https://www.dailynation.com/why-we-forget-easily-2016”

This stores the series name of book volumes or journal articles. Example of a series entry,

Series = “Lecture Notes in Software Programming”

This field describes the reference work in details. An example of a type entry,

Type = “Government Report”

This field stores the institution of learning which awarded the paper or thesis used. For example,

School = “University of Illinois”

This type represents the page number or page ranges where the work was cited from. For a page range, use double hyphens. For example,

Page = “69–75”

This field keys in the work’s publisher’s name.

For example,

Publisher = “HarperCollins Publishers”

This field stores additional information that does not fall into the other fields or entry types.

For instance, when you reference a web page, use this field to state when you accessed the web page.

Note = “Accessed: 2015-07-01”

Organization

Use this field to denote the organization that published the manual or report used and hosted a conference.

Organization = “Python Software Organization”

This field represents the journal number or techreport number. An example would be,

Number = “GAO-13-5”

ISBN (International Standard Book Number)

This is a non-standard BibTex field type. Obtain it from the back of a book or report.

An example is,

ISBN = “967-231456278”

This field represents the month of publication or writing of the work used. The most preferred way in BibTex is a 3-letter abbreviation for the month.

Month = jun

This field keys in the journal name.

Journal = “Accounting Horizons”

Howpublished

This field is used in the misc entry type. It denotes unclear publishing details. For instance, the cited work may have been distributed only and never published.

An example of this field,

Howpublished = “distributed at the tax centre”

ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)

Like the ISBN, this field is a non-standard in BIbTex.

ISSN = “1550-1321”

Institution

This signifies the institution in charge of the report used.

Institution = {International Monetary Fund}

DOI (digital object identifier)

Another non-standard BibTex field, this type is used to key in the doi number of a journal, book or conference paper.

An example of a doi field,

Doi = “10.978/2345913.1876.17984573”

This field keys in a book’s edition number. BibTex standard for this field is to use ordinal numbers. However, this format is not compatible with some BibTex styles.

An example,

Edition = {Second}

This field keys in the author’s name. When listing multiple authors, separate their names using ‘and’.

Examples of this field are,

Author = “Cane, Harry”
Author = “Mary, Ann and Harris, Ethan”

This stores a specific chapter in a book or novel.

An example of this field entry,

Chapter = {4}

This field keys in the working title of a book. Use it when making inbooks and incollections entry types.

An example of this is,

Booktitle = “{E}lisabeth {E}lliot: Passion and Purity”

This field keys stores the address of an institution or publisher. Don’t insert all the address details, the city name is sufficient.

Address = “Vienna, Austria”

This field keys in a short description of the reference used. For example,

Annote = “The researchers at MIT explore in this article how……”

How to use BibTex entry types

BibTex has 14 entry types for your reference sources. The plain text entered for each entry type is different.

When creating entries, start with @ symbol followed by the entry type then details of the entry, enclosed in brackets.

@manual (……)
@article (……)

Here are detailed examples of each entry type.

Use this where the publisher is identified.

An example of a book entry in BibTex is as follows.

@book (CitekeyBook,

Author = “Harper Lee”,

Title = “To Kill a Mockingbird”,

Publisher = “Warner Books”,

Address = “Alabama, AL”,

Year = 1960

You can reference articles from journals, web, newspaper, periodicals or magazines.

Here is an example of an article’s plain text in BibTex.

@article (CitekeyArticle,

Author = “N. W. Bailey”,

Title = “Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes”,

Journal = “Trends in Ecology and Evolution”,

Year = 2012,

Volume = “27”,

Number = “3”,

Pages = “561–569”,

Use this when referencing handbooks for explaining how to operate something to a user.

Example of a manual entry is,

@manual (CitekeyManual,

Title = “Beginners Guide to Python”,

Author = “Python team”,

Organization = “Python Software Foundation”,

Address = “Wilmington, Delaware”,

Year = 2020,

Insert a PHD thesis this way;

@phdthesis (CitekeyPhdthesis,

Author = “Shepherd, Amy Rose”,

Title = “Evolving Trends in Social Media Influencing”,

School = “Massachusetts Institute of Technology”,

Address = Cambridge, MA”,

Year = 2015,

Month = jan

Incollection

Incollection is a section of a book, novel or a collection of short stories.

Enter its plain text as follows;

@incollection (CitekeyIncollection,

Author = “Clason, George, S.”,

Editor = “Conrad, Charles and Best Success Books”,

Title = “The Richest Man in Babylon: The Man Who Desired Gold”,

Booktitle = “The Richest Man in Babylon”,

Year = 1926,

Publisher = “Penguin Books”,

Address = New York, NY”,

Pages = “9–11”,

This is a section, page range or chapter within a book.

Make an inbook entry as follows;

@inbook (CitekeyInbook,

Author = “Sharma, Robin”,

Title = “The 4 Focuses of History Makers”,

Booktitle = “The 5AM Club”,

Year = 2018,

Publisher = “HarperCollins Publishers”,

Address = “London Bridge Street, London”,

Pages = “103–148”,

Proceedings

Use this entry when referencing conference proceedings.

Here is an example of one;

Editor = “Mary Stephens and Tom Hutchens”,

Title = “Proceedings of The 10th Annual Food Animal Medicine Conference, Columbus, Ohio”,

Series = “The Use of Drugs in Animal Food Medicine”,

Volume = “310”,

Publisher = “The Ohio State University”,

Address = “Columbus, OH”,

Year = 1984,

A booklet has no identified publisher or supporting institution, but has already been bound as a book.

Enter a booklet entry as follows;

@booklet (CitekeyBooklet,

Title = “Cable tours in The Alps”,

Author = “Marie Fogel”,

Howpublished = “Distributed at Vienna Tourist Office”,

Month = aug,

Year = 2010

Miscellaneous

Use this entry where the other entry types don’t match the reference sources.

Enter a misc entry as;

@misc (CitekeyMisc,

Title = “TranscribeMe Style Guide”,

Author = “ {TranscribeMe}”,

Howpublished = “\url {https://www.transcribeme.com/transcription-services}”,

Year = 2017,

Note = “Accessed: 2021-10-5”

White papers, technical reports

This entry is for institutionally published white papers or reports.

Type this entry as follows;

@techreport (CitekeyTechreport,

Title = “Economic Policy”,

Author = “O’Hara, Maggie”,

Institution = “Institute of Labor Economics”,

Address = “Bonn, Germany”,

Number = “BOA-ILE-5791-2”,

Year = 2016,

Month = jun,

Masters thesis

Use this when referencing theses for Masters degrees.

Enter a masters thesis entry as follows;

@mastersthesis (CitekeyMastersthesis,

Author = “Anne Garvin”,

Title = “Coffee Consumption of Graduate Students”,

School = “University of Illinois”,

Address = “Urbana, IL”,

Month = sep

Unpublished

This entry is for unpublished documents such as paper drafts or manuscripts.

Insert this entry as follows;

@unpublished (CitekeyUnpublished,

Author = “Mark Huresh”,

Title = “Global Warming: a ticking time bomb”,

Year = 2014

Inproceedings

This entry is for published papers of conference proceedings.

Insert one as follows;

Author = “Hay, Brian”,

Title = “Drone Tourism: a study of the current and potential use of drones in hospitality and tourism”,

Booktitle = “Annual conference of the changing landscape of tourism and hospitality”,

Series = “CAUTHE 2016”,

Pages = “49–68”,

Publisher = “CAUTHE 2016”,

Address = “Blue Mountains, Sydney”,

Use the same entry text as for inproceedings.

There you have it! Using BibTex for your referencing is not only fun, it is engaging. Nonetheless, once you insert the entry types correctly, LaTex editing tools format the references for you.

How To Use Zotero For Reference Management (An Illustrative Guide)

How To Use Mendeley For Reference Management (An Illustrative Guide)

How to Use RefWorks for Reference Management (A Detailed Guide)

How to Use Citavi for Reference Management (A Detailed Guide)

How to Use EndNote for Reference Management (A Comprehensive Guide)

Grace Njeri-Otieno

Grace Njeri-Otieno is a Kenyan, a wife, a mom, and currently a PhD student, among many other balls she juggles. She holds a Bachelors' and Masters' degrees in Economics and has more than 7 years' experience with an INGO. She was inspired to start this site so as to share the lessons learned throughout her PhD journey with other PhD students. Her vision for this site is "to become a go-to resource center for PhD students in all their spheres of learning."

Recent Content

SPSS Tutorial #12: Partial Correlation Analysis in SPSS

Partial correlation is almost similar to Pearson product-moment correlation only that it accounts for the influence of another variable, which is thought to be correlated with the two variables of...

SPSS Tutorial #11: Correlation Analysis in SPSS

In this post, I discuss what correlation is, the two most common types of correlation statistics used (Pearson and Spearman), and how to conduct correlation analysis in SPSS. What is correlation...

Stack Exchange Network

Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

Citing a speech in BibTex

I would like to cite Alan Greenspan's speech from 1996. What should the appropriate bibtex entry look like?

1 Interesting question. But did you really listen to the speech in person, or did you consume another medium (video, transcript) that you could cite? – mafp Commented Jun 20, 2013 at 15:31
1 @mafp makes a good point. The question isn't really about bibtex unless you have some specific citation/bibliography style (APA, MLA etc.) that specifies what needs to be present etc. See: Citing a speech in APA . For a one-off use, you can use the misc entry type, but for works involving lots of speeches, a more nuanced approach might be necessary. See, for example Creating Entry in Bibtex for Executive Orders which shows how to create and use a custom entry. – Alan Munn Commented Jun 20, 2013 at 15:36
@mafp, I consumed the transcript that I linked to in the question. – Grzenio Commented Jun 20, 2013 at 15:37
Then you have a website to cite, and this might help. – mafp Commented Jun 20, 2013 at 15:40
1 If you want to cite that web page and you are using biblatex the most appropriate entry type is online , in my opinion. But if the citation is referred to the speech, misc is probably better. – karlkoeller Commented Jun 20, 2013 at 15:41

You don't give much to go on in terms of what bibliographical style you need/want. But you could do something like this for BibTeX

However, I recommend using biblatex (and biber ). Even the default output looks much better in my opinion:

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for browse other questions tagged bibtex ..

The Overflow Blog
The world’s largest open-source business has plans for enhancing LLMs
Looking under the hood at the tech stack that powers multimodal AI
Featured on Meta
Join Stack Overflow’s CEO and me for the first Stack IRL Community Event in...
User activation: Learnings and opportunities

Hot Network Questions

Modifying Expansion Order with \seq put right
Smallest prime q such that concatenation (p+q)"q is a prime
Missed the application deadline for a TA job. Should I contact them?
Does the different strength of gravity at varying heights affect the forces within a suspended or standing object
Why is the Liar a problem?
Copyright on song first performed in public
Why is Germany looking to import workers from Kenya, specifically?
Generalization of the Schur-Zassenhaus Theorem
How does 「交換したていで」 mean "say you changed [the oil]"?
Are Backstabs All That Bad?
I have been trying to solve this Gaussian integral, which comes up during the perturbation theory
Is internal energy depended on the acceleration of the system?
How to prove this problem about ternary quadratic form?
Why is the center of a meniscus completely flat?
Finding specific promotions from two columns
Fill this Sudoku variant so that the sums of numbers in the outlined regions are all different
Does the city of Springfield have a possible claim against the Trump/Vance campaign?
Fifth year PhD student with no progress on my thesis because of advisor, what to do?
QGIS Atlas: Export attribute table of atlas features as a CSV
How to sum all the elements in a group in specific row with the package `listofitems`?
"00000000000000"
Sum of the individual kinetic energies of the particles which make the system the same as the K.E. of the center of mass? What's bad in my reasoning?
Smoking on a hotel room's balcony in Greece
Are these colored sets closed under multiplication?

$conference presentation bibtex$

NPS Dudley Knox Library
Research Guides

Citation Guide

BibTeX Code ≤ v2.6
Examples & Rules
Zotero Examples
Examples & Rules
BibTeX Code
Other Styles
Generative AI

BIBTEX NPS Template v2.6 and earlier: Code Examples (Click here if you are using version 2.7 or above)

The following codes are customized for NPS theses and are not intended for use with any other publisher or template. The NPS thesis LaTeX template comes prepackaged with a BibTeX tool and a bib file containing the examples below.

From the introduction, forward, preface, etc.

-->


Chapter in Edited Book
Book Chapter One author, one editor	Always check your output against the . Enter enter city and state in Publisher field. Major cities like Los Angeles, Boston, and Seattle do not take states. The output differs slightly from the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it. @incollection{Haynes:2009, author = {Haynes, P}, title = {Al-Qaeda, oil dependence, {US} foreign policy}, booktitle = {Energy Security and Global Politics: The Militarization of Resource Management}, editor = {Goodname, A}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Routledge, New York}, pages = {62--74} }
NEED CODE for Cordesman. Winning in Afghanistan. Introduction
Electronic Book
DOI or URL	Always check your output against the . Variant of book class. Note extra brackets in author and note fields to force desired output. @book{Bonds:2014, author = {{Bonds, ME}}, title = {Absolute Music: The History of an Idea}, year = {2014}, note = {{h}ttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.003.0004} }
From book provider	Always check your output against the . Variant of book class. Note extra brackets in author and note fields. @book{Krishnan:2008, author = {{Krishnan, AA}}, title = {War as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting}, year = {2008}, note = {{h}ttps://www.amazon.com} }
From library database	Always check your output against the . Variant of book class. Note the use of backslash in Title field to prevent extra space after a colon. @book{Crabtree:Chaplin:2013, author = {Crabtree, J and Chaplin, A}, title = {Bolivia:\ Processes of Change}, year = {2013}, note = {Proquest} }
NEED CODE for Crabtree Bolivia
Print Book
One author	Always check your output against the . Capitalize book title, and enter city and state in the Publisher field. Major cities like Los Angeles, Boston, and Seattle do not take states. @book{Pollan:2006, title = {The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals}, author = {Pollan, Michael}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Penguin, New York} }

Chapter in Edited Book

Book Chapter

One author, one editor

Always check your output against the .

Enter enter city and state in Publisher field. Major cities like Los Angeles, Boston, and Seattle do not take states. The output differs slightly from the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it.

@incollection{Haynes:2009,
author = {Haynes, P},
title = {Al-Qaeda, oil dependence, {US} foreign policy},
booktitle = {Energy Security and Global Politics: The Militarization of Resource Management},
editor = {Goodname, A},
year = {2009},
publisher = {Routledge, New York},
pages = {62--74}
}

NEED CODE for

Cordesman. Winning in Afghanistan. Introduction

Electronic Book

DOI or URL

Always check your output against the .

Variant of book class. Note extra brackets in author and note fields to force desired output.

@book{Bonds:2014,
author = {{Bonds, ME}},
title = {Absolute Music: The History of an Idea},
year = {2014},
note = {{h}ttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.003.0004}
}

From book provider

Always check your output against the .

Variant of book class. Note extra brackets in author and note fields.

@book{Krishnan:2008,
author = {{Krishnan, AA}},
title = {War as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting},
year = {2008},
note = {{h}ttps://www.amazon.com}
}

From library database

Always check your output against the .

Variant of book class. Note the use of backslash in Title field to prevent extra space after a colon.

@book{Crabtree:Chaplin:2013,
author = {Crabtree, J and Chaplin, A},
title = {Bolivia:\ Processes of Change},
year = {2013},
note = {Proquest}
}

NEED CODE for

Crabtree Bolivia

Print Book

One author

Always check your output against the .

Capitalize book title, and enter city and state in the Publisher field. Major cities like Los Angeles, Boston, and Seattle do not take states.

@book{Pollan:2006,
title = {The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals},
author = {Pollan, Michael},
year = {2006},
publisher = {Penguin, New York}
}


Class Notes / Lecture Published	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering 1) description, 2) course number 3) month and day, 4) publisher, 5) address and 6) URL, if any, in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as needed, to retain capitalization. @misc{Blanche:2017, author = {Blanche, C}, title ={How {Cosmo} came to be the cutest cat in the world}, howpublished ={Lecture, Meow Studies 402, August 21, Department of Applied Whiskers, Navel Pregraduate School, Monterey, CA. https://wallcrust.com/meows/cats.whiskers}, year ={2017} }
Class Notes Unpublished	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering details in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as shown. @misc{Houston:2016, author = {Houston, A}, year = {2016}, title = {Why capitalization matters when visiting the {House of Potato Chips}}, howpublished = {Class notes, Performance Management and Budgeting, University of Idaho, September, 28, Fort Chip, ID} }
Lecture Unpublished	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering description, place, and month and day in Howpublished field. @misc{Norton:2014, author = {Norton, May Eagerton}, year = {2014}, title = {Optimizing the rotational velocity of lizards through ceiling fan modulation}, howpublished = {Lecture, Introduction to Veterinary Studies, May 2, Department of Dragon Husbandry, Charlatan State University, Monogahela, WV}, }
Presentation or Workshop	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering details (including URL, if any) in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as needed, to retain capitalization. @misc{Horse:2017, author = {Horse, Bay Bee}, title = {Horseshoes and hand grenades in {Texas}: On the joys of approximation}, year = {2007}, howpublished = {Presentation, Conference on Improbable Probabilities, Belmont Race Track, Elmont, NY. https://horse.edu/horseshoesandgrenades/perfect\_together} }

Class Notes / Lecture

Published

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class, entering 1) description, 2) course number 3) month and day, 4) publisher, 5) address and 6) URL, if any, in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as needed, to retain capitalization.

@misc{Blanche:2017,
author = {Blanche, C},
title ={How {Cosmo} came to be the cutest cat in the world},
howpublished ={Lecture, Meow Studies 402, August 21, Department of Applied Whiskers, Navel Pregraduate School, Monterey, CA. https://wallcrust.com/meows/cats.whiskers},
year ={2017}
}

Class Notes

Unpublished

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class, entering details in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as shown.

@misc{Houston:2016,
author = {Houston, A},
year = {2016},
title = {Why capitalization matters when visiting the {House of Potato Chips}},
howpublished = {Class notes, Performance Management and Budgeting, University of Idaho, September, 28, Fort Chip, ID}
}

Lecture

Unpublished

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class, entering description, place, and month and day in Howpublished field.

@misc{Norton:2014,
author = {Norton, May Eagerton},
year = {2014},
title = {Optimizing the rotational velocity of lizards through ceiling fan modulation},
howpublished = {Lecture, Introduction to Veterinary Studies, May 2, Department of Dragon Husbandry, Charlatan State University, Monogahela, WV},
}

Presentation or Workshop

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class, entering details (including URL, if any) in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as needed, to retain capitalization.

@misc{Horse:2017,
author = {Horse, Bay Bee},
title = {Horseshoes and hand grenades in {Texas}: On the joys of approximation},
year = {2007},
howpublished = {Presentation, Conference on Improbable Probabilities, Belmont Race Track, Elmont, NY. https://horse.edu/horseshoesandgrenades/perfect\_together}
}

Computer Program / Software
Computer Program / Software	Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Enter VERSION number in Title field. Use Note field to output access statement and URL, if applicable. If the software is out of a box, provide publisher name and address in Note field. @misc{Borenstein:EtAl:2005, author = {Borenstein, M and Hedges, L and Higgins, J and Rothstein, H}, year = {2005}, title = {Comprehensive meta-analysis, version 2}, note = {Accessed May 8, 2015, https://www.meta-analysis.com/index.html} } @misc{GAMS, title = {{General Algebraic Model System (GAMS)}}, author = {{GAMS Development Corporation}}, address = {Fairfax, VA}, year = {2017}, note = {https://www.gams.com} }

Computer Program / Software

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class. Enter VERSION number in Title field. Use Note field to output access statement and URL, if applicable. If the software is out of a box, provide publisher name and address in Note field.

@misc{Borenstein:EtAl:2005,
author = {Borenstein, M and Hedges, L and Higgins, J and Rothstein, H},
year = {2005},
title = {Comprehensive meta-analysis, version 2},
note = {Accessed May 8, 2015, https://www.meta-analysis.com/index.html}
}

@misc{GAMS,
title = {{General Algebraic Model System (GAMS)}},
author = {{GAMS Development Corporation}},
address = {Fairfax, VA},
year = {2017},
note = {https://www.gams.com}
}

Conference Proceedings / Paper Presented at Conference
Conference Proceedings (online)	Always check your output against the . Use Note field to insert the URL. The page range will be placed in a different place than the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it. @inproceedings{Morentz:EtAl:2009, author = {Morentz, James W and Doyle, Christopher and Skelly, Lawrence and Adam, Nabil}, title = {Unified Incident Command and Decision Support (UICDS) a Department of Homeland Security initiative in information sharing}, booktitle = {2009 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security}, year = {2009}, address = {Waltham, MA}, note = {https://doi.org/10.1109/THS.2009.5168032} }
Conference Proceedings (print)	Always check your output against the . Normal use of inproceedings class, using Pages field for page range. @inproceedings{Katz:2007, author = {Katz, Itai and Gabayan, Kevin and Aghajan, Hamid}, year = {2007}, title = {A multi-touch surface using multiple cameras}, booktitle = {Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 9th International Conference}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, pages = {97–108} }
Paper Presented at Conference Unpublished	Always check your output against the . Use misc class for presentations, use inproceedings class if there is an associated published work. @misc{Teplin:EtAl:2005, author = {Teplin, Linda A and McClelland, Gary M and Abram, Karen M}, title = {Early violent death in delinquent youth: A prospective longitudinal study}, howpublished = {Annual Meeting of the American Psychology-Law Society, La Jolla, CA}, year = {2005} }

Conference Proceedings / Paper Presented at Conference

Conference Proceedings

(online)

Always check your output against the .

Use Note field to insert the URL. The page range will be placed in a different place than the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it.

@inproceedings{Morentz:EtAl:2009,
author = {Morentz, James W and Doyle, Christopher and Skelly, Lawrence and Adam, Nabil},
title = {Unified Incident Command and Decision Support (UICDS) a Department of Homeland Security initiative in information sharing},
booktitle = {2009 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security},
year = {2009},
address = {Waltham, MA},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1109/THS.2009.5168032}
}

Conference Proceedings

(print)

Always check your output against the .

Normal use of inproceedings class, using Pages field for page range.

@inproceedings{Katz:2007,
author = {Katz, Itai and Gabayan, Kevin and Aghajan, Hamid},
year = {2007},
title = {A multi-touch surface using multiple cameras},
booktitle = {Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 9th International Conference},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
pages = {97–108}
}

Paper Presented at Conference

Unpublished

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class for presentations, use inproceedings class if there is an associated published work.

@misc{Teplin:EtAl:2005,
author = {Teplin, Linda A and McClelland, Gary M and Abram, Karen M},
title = {Early violent death in delinquent youth: A prospective longitudinal study},
howpublished = {Annual Meeting of the American Psychology-Law Society, La Jolla, CA},
year = {2005}
}

Published

-->

Data Set / Database
NEED CODE for Suro. Changing Channels
Data Set / Database Published	Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Note braces around "Latinos" to preserve capitalization. Enter access date and URL, if any, in Notes field. @misc{Suro:2004, author = {Suro, R}, year = {2004}, title = {Changing channels and crisscrossing culture: A survey of {Latinos} on news media}, note = {Accessed April 30, 2012, https://www.pewhispanic.org/2004/04/19/hanging-channels-and-crisscrossing-cultures/} }
Data Set Unpublished	Always check your output against the . Use unpublished or misc class, placing MONTH and DAY in Note field. @unpublished{Blanche:2006, author = {Blanche, C}, year = {2006}, note = {Data provided to the author via email, August 30} }

Data Set / Database

NEED CODE for

Suro. Changing Channels

Data Set / Database

Published

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class. Note braces around "Latinos" to preserve capitalization. Enter access date and URL, if any, in Notes field.

@misc{Suro:2004,
author = {Suro, R},
year = {2004},
title = {Changing channels and crisscrossing culture: A survey of {Latinos} on news media},
note = {Accessed April 30, 2012, https://www.pewhispanic.org/2004/04/19/hanging-channels-and-crisscrossing-cultures/}
}

Data Set

Unpublished

Always check your output against the .

Use unpublished or misc class, placing MONTH and DAY in Note field.

@unpublished{Blanche:2006,
author = {Blanche, C},
year = {2006},
note = {Data provided to the author via email, August 30}
}

Published

-->

NEED CODE for Suro. Changing Channels
Dictionary / Encyclopedia
Dictionary / Encyclopedia	Always check your output against the . Variant of book class, entering subject term in Author field. Enter access statement and URL in Note field, with a comma between. If NOT online, use Publisher field instead of Note field (see book class examples). @book{Metamorphosis:2011, author = {Metamorphosis}, title = {Merriam-Webster}, year = {2011}, note = {Accessed March 4, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis}, }

NEED CODE for

Suro. Changing Channels

Dictionary / Encyclopedia

Always check your output against the .

Variant of book class, entering subject term in Author field. Enter access statement and URL in Note field, with a comma between. If NOT online, use Publisher field instead of Note field (see book class examples).

@book{Metamorphosis:2011,
author = {Metamorphosis},
title = {Merriam-Webster},
year = {2011},
note = {Accessed March 4, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis},
}

Published

-->

NEED CODE for Suro. Changing Channels
Fact Sheet
Fact Sheet	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering URL in Note field. Enclose "h" in https in brackets, to force it to remain lowercase. @misc{FLSA:2008, author = {{Department of Labor}}, title = {The construction industry under the {Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)}}, year = {2008}, note = {{h}ttps://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs1.htm} }

NEED CODE for

Suro. Changing Channels

Fact Sheet

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class, entering URL in Note field. Enclose "h" in https in brackets, to force it to remain lowercase.

@misc{FLSA:2008,
author = {{Department of Labor}},
title = {The construction industry under the {Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)}},
year = {2008},
note = {{h}ttps://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs1.htm}
}

Strategy Document / Other Government Report

-->

Government / Military Documents
Directive / Instruction
Directive / Instruction	Always check your output against the . Use techreport class. Enter URL in Notes field. @techreport{DOD.8570.01-M, author = {{Department of Defense}}, year = {2005}, title = {Information assurance training, certification, workforce management}, number = {DoD Directive 8570.01-M}, address = {Washington, DC}, note = {https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/857001m.pdf} }
Doctrine
Joint Doctrine	Always check your output against the . Variant of misc class. In Notes field, place 1) report number, 2) CITY and STATE and 3) URL, if any, separated by COMMAS. Note backslashes before underscores in URL, to prevent format corruption. @misc{JP-3-01, title = {Countering air and missile threats}, author = {{Joint Chiefs of Staff}}, year = {2017}, note = {JP 3-01, Washington, DC, https://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new\_pubs/jp3\_01\_20172104.pd}, }
Field Manual / Military Regulation
Field Manual / Military Regulation	Always check your output against the . Use manual class. Enter DOC NUMBER in Address field, BEFORE the city and state. Note backslashes before underscores and percent signs in URL, which prevent format corruption. @manual{FM-23-10, author = {{Department of the Army}}, year = {1994}, title = {{Sniper Training}}, address = {FM 23-10, Washington, DC}, note = {https://www.bits.de/NRANEU/others/amd-us-archive/fm\_23-10\2894\29.pdf} }
NEED CODE for White House. National Security Strategy

Handbook
Handbook (online)	Always check your output against the . Use manual class, entering URL in Note field. @book{TSP-168:1972, author = {{Western Spud}}, title = {{Transmission Systems for Potatoes, \em168th ed.}}, address = {Kinston-Slalom, ID}, year = {1972}, note = {https://www.spud.org/potato/transmission/grease.html} }
Handbook (print)	Always check your output against the . Use book class. If edition is needed, enter it in Title field, PRECEDED with the \em command, in order to remove italics from edition number. @book{Trans:1985, author = {{Western Electric}}, title = {Transmission Systems for Communications, \em3rd ed.}, year = {1985}, address = {Winston-Salem, NC} }

Handbook

(online)

Always check your output against the .

Use manual class, entering URL in Note field.

@book{TSP-168:1972,
author = {{Western Spud}},
title = {{Transmission Systems for Potatoes, \em168th ed.}},
address = {Kinston-Slalom, ID},
year = {1972},
note = {https://www.spud.org/potato/transmission/grease.html}
}

Handbook

(print)

Always check your output against the .

Use book class. If edition is needed, enter it in Title field, PRECEDED with the \em command, in order to remove italics from edition number.

@book{Trans:1985,
author = {{Western Electric}},
title = {Transmission Systems for Communications, \em3rd ed.},
year = {1985},
address = {Winston-Salem, NC}
}

Journal Article
Journal Article (online)	Always check your output against the . DOI preferred. Use \ to retain symbols such as "&". Enter URL in Note field. @article{Sanico:Kakinaka:2008, author = {Sanico, G and Kakinaka, M}, title = {Terrorism and deterrence policy with transnational support}, journal = {Defence \& Peace Economics}, year = {2008}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, note = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701505419} } NEED CODE for Newmann. Reorganizing for national security. from database -->
Journal Article (print)	Always check your output against the . Normal use of article class. @article{Griffin:2009, author = {Griffin, G}, title = {Managing peacekeeping communications}, journal = {Journal of Business Continuity \& Emergency Planning}, year = {2009}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {317--327} }

Journal Article

(online)

Always check your output against the .

DOI preferred. Use \ to retain symbols such as "&". Enter URL in Note field.

@article{Sanico:Kakinaka:2008,
author = {Sanico, G and Kakinaka, M},
title = {Terrorism and deterrence policy with transnational support},
journal = {Defence \& Peace Economics},
year = {2008},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701505419}
}

NEED CODE for

Newmann. Reorganizing for national security. from database

-->

Journal Article

(print)

Always check your output against the .

Normal use of article class.

@article{Griffin:2009,
author = {Griffin, G},
title = {Managing peacekeeping communications},
journal = {Journal of Business Continuity \& Emergency Planning},
year = {2009},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {317--327}
}

Magazine / Newspaper Article
Magazine / Newspaper Article No author given (online)	Always check your output against the . Variant use of article class. Place "The" in publication name at the end of the name, to maintain alphabetization. Force ITALICS in publication name with \em command. Enter month and year in Number field. Enter URL in note field, enclosing the "h" in https in braces to retain lowercase. @article{Economist:2014, author = {{\em Economist, The}}, title = {So long easy money: Foreign drug firms face a severe profit squeeze}, year = {2014}, number = {June 12}, note = {https://www.economist.com/news/business/21604178-foreign-drug-firms-face-severe-profit-squeeze-so-long-easy-money}, }
Magazine Article Author given (print)	Always check your output against the . Normal use of article class. @article{Beforebad:2014, author = {Beforebad, Sarah}, title = {Cold spaghetti: To eat or not to eat?}, journal = {Pasta Dynamics}, year = {2014}, number = {January 1} }

Magazine / Newspaper Article

No author given

(online)

Always check your output against the .

Variant use of article class. Place "The" in publication name at the end of the name, to maintain alphabetization. Force ITALICS in publication name with \em command. Enter month and year in Number field. Enter URL in note field, enclosing the "h" in https in braces to retain lowercase.

@article{Economist:2014,
author = {{\em Economist, The}},
title = {So long easy money: Foreign drug firms face a severe profit squeeze},
year = {2014},
number = {June 12},
note = {https://www.economist.com/news/business/21604178-foreign-drug-firms-face-severe-profit-squeeze-so-long-easy-money},
}

Magazine Article

Author given

(print)

Always check your output against the .

Normal use of article class.

@article{Beforebad:2014,
author = {Beforebad, Sarah},
title = {Cold spaghetti: To eat or not to eat?},
journal = {Pasta Dynamics},
year = {2014},
number = {January 1}
}

Patent
Patent	Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Note double braces around Title field to retain word capitalization. Enter URL in Note field, if available. @misc{Bell:1876, author = {Bell, Alexander Graham}, title = {{U.S. Patent No. 174,465}}, howpublished = {U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC}, year = {1876}, note = {{h}ttps://www.google.com/patents/US174465} }

Patent

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class. Note double braces around Title field to retain word capitalization. Enter URL in Note field, if available.

@misc{Bell:1876,
author = {Bell, Alexander Graham},
title = {{U.S. Patent No. 174,465}},
howpublished = {U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC},
year = {1876},
note = {{h}ttps://www.google.com/patents/US174465}
}

Personal Communication
Email	Always check your output against the . Use unpublished class. Enter description of communication and month and day in Note field, in the order shown. @unpublished{Wunkerbunk:2002, author = {Wunkerbunk, Ted Telly}, year = {2002}, note = {Moss-growing statistics provided to the author via personal communication, June 11} }
Interview	Always check your output against the . Use unpublished class. Enter description in Note field, in order shown. @unpublished{Monster:1985, author = {Monster, Chad}, year = {2002}, note = {Interview by Ernest J. Keebler. Betamax, November 20. Keebler Company} }

Personal Communication

Always check your output against the .

Use unpublished class. Enter description of communication and month and day in Note field, in the order shown.

@unpublished{Wunkerbunk:2002,
author = {Wunkerbunk, Ted Telly},
year = {2002},
note = {Moss-growing statistics provided to the author via personal communication, June 11}
}

Interview

Always check your output against the .

Use unpublished class. Enter description in Note field, in order shown.

@unpublished{Monster:1985,
author = {Monster, Chad},
year = {2002},
note = {Interview by Ernest J. Keebler. Betamax, November 20. Keebler Company}
}

Report
Research Report / Think Tank Report / White Paper
Research Report / Think Tank Report / White Paper	Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Note use of backslash before underscores in web address. Note return space in the URL, to keep URL from flowing past right margin. @misc{Dixon:2017, author = {Dixon, L and Clancy, N and Miller, B}, year = {2017}, title = {The cost and affordability of flood insurance in {New York City. RR-1776-NYCEDC}}, howpublished = {Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA}, note = {https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research\_reports /RR1700/RR1776/RAND\_RR1776.pdf} }
Technical Report
Technical Report	Always check your output against the . Use techreport class, which forces the word "Technical Report" to output. Use BRACES to retain capitalization of proper noun and acronyms in title. @techreport{Wonka:1972, author = {Wonka, W and Loompa, O and Bucket, C}, title = {{Stochastic error-correction in a hyperbaric ethereal pulley system for vitreous personal vertical displacement apparatuses (PVDA)}}, number = {VK-1916}, institution = {Gloop Corporation}, address = {Great Missenden, UK}, year = {1876}, note = {{h}ttps://www.google.com/patents/US174465} }

Secondary Source
Secondary Source	Always check your output against the . Use class of appropriate source type. In this case, it's a book. Note format of author name in Author field to express his three first initials. @book{Nicholson:2003, author = {Nicholson, Ian A M}, title = {Inventing Personality: Gordon Allport and the Science of Selfhood}, year = {2003}, publisher = {American Psychological Association, Washington, DC} }

Secondary Source

Always check your output against the .

Use class of appropriate source type. In this case, it's a book. Note format of author name in Author field to express his three first initials.

@book{Nicholson:2003,
author = {Nicholson, Ian A M},
title = {Inventing Personality: Gordon Allport and the Science of Selfhood},
year = {2003},
publisher = {American Psychological Association, Washington, DC}
}

Thesis / Dissertation
From a commercial database	Always check your output against the . Use mastersthesis class. Note double braces in not field to force capitalization of "ProQuest." @mastersthesis{Nekeip:2008, author = {Nekeip, Ray}, title = {Pescatarians and daisies: A match made in sushi heaven}, school = {Garden of Sushi School of Sushi}, address = {Maui, HI}, year = {2008}, type = {Master's thesis}, note = {{P}roQuest Dissertations and Theses database (AAT 3300426)} }
From an institutional archive such as the NPS Archive: Calhoun	Always check your output against the . Use mastersthesis class. ENTER department in School field. LOWERCASE title, except for first word, proper nouns, and first word after colon. @mastersthesis{Yoshi:1988, author = {Yoshi, Helen}, title = {Effects of pizza consumption on katana-wielding dexterity in terrapinoids}, school = {Department of Reptile Bellicosity, Eastman \& Laird University}, address = {New York, NY}, year = {1988}, type = {Doctoral Dissertation}, note = {https://hdl.handle.net/6576565753/splinter.html} }

Thesis / Dissertation

From a commercial database

Always check your output against the .

Use mastersthesis class. Note double braces in not field to force capitalization of "ProQuest."

@mastersthesis{Nekeip:2008,
author = {Nekeip, Ray},
title = {Pescatarians and daisies: A match made in sushi heaven},
school = {Garden of Sushi School of Sushi},
address = {Maui, HI},
year = {2008},
type = {Master's thesis},
note = {{P}roQuest Dissertations and Theses database (AAT 3300426)}
}

From an institutional archive such as the NPS Archive: Calhoun

Always check your output against the .

Use mastersthesis class. ENTER department in School field. LOWERCASE title, except for first word, proper nouns, and first word after colon.

@mastersthesis{Yoshi:1988,
author = {Yoshi, Helen},
title = {Effects of pizza consumption on katana-wielding dexterity in terrapinoids},
school = {Department of Reptile Bellicosity, Eastman \& Laird University},
address = {New York, NY},
year = {1988},
type = {Doctoral Dissertation},
note = {https://hdl.handle.net/6576565753/splinter.html}
}

Unpublished / Informally Published Work
Unpublished Accepted for Publication (online)	Always check your output against the . BECAUSE this is a journal article, the journal class was a better choice than the unpublished class. ENTER word "Forthcoming" in Note field. @article{Horse:1996, author = {Horse, Bob Brewster}, title = {Back in the saddle 2:\ {Back} in the saddle}, journal = {Gaucho Marx: A Journal of Cowpoke Consciousness.}, year = {1996}, note = {Forthcoming. https://blahblahblahhorse.com/bits2bits} }
Unpublished (print)	Always check your output against the . The output differs slightly from the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it. @unpublished{Horse:1995, author = {Horse, Bob Brewster}, title = {Back in the saddle}, year = {1995}, note = {Unpublished memoir, Leaping H Ranch, Peoria, IL} }

Unpublished / Informally Published Work

Unpublished

Accepted for Publication

(online)

Always check your output against the .

BECAUSE this is a journal article, the journal class was a better choice than the unpublished class. ENTER word "Forthcoming" in Note field.

@article{Horse:1996,
author = {Horse, Bob Brewster},
title = {Back in the saddle 2:\ {Back} in the saddle},
journal = {Gaucho Marx: A Journal of Cowpoke Consciousness.},
year = {1996},
note = {Forthcoming. https://blahblahblahhorse.com/bits2bits}
}

Unpublished

(print)

Always check your output against the .

The output differs slightly from the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it.

@unpublished{Horse:1995,
author = {Horse, Bob Brewster},
title = {Back in the saddle},
year = {1995},
note = {Unpublished memoir, Leaping H Ranch, Peoria, IL}
}

Website / Webpage
Author and date given	Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Enter WEBSITE OWNER NAME and access date in Note field. (Provide access date only if no publication date is available, the info is likely to change, as in Wikipedia entries, or the link is now broken.) @misc{Sushi:1995, author = {Sushi, Ursella Quest}, year = {1995}, title = {Absorption of cats in sushi}, note = {Sushi Lab. Accessed November 9, 1999, https://www.wallcrust.com/?hgtehrwOIASD.html} }
Organization as author	Always check your output against the . See notes above. @misc{FBI:2017, author = {{Federal Bureau of Investigation}}, year = {1995}, title = {Forging papers to sell fake art}, note = {Accessed April 13, 2017, https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/forging-papers-to-sell-fake-art} }
No date given	Always check your output against the . See notes in above entry, entering YEAR ACCESSED in Year field. @misc{Python:2017, author = {Python, Mary}, year = {2017}, title = {Finding a dead parrot on a silly walk}, note = {Ministry of Silly Walks. Accessed August 6, 2017, https://www.omgitsadeadparrot.com/feathers} }
Janes example	Always check your output against the . @misc{Jane:2017, author = {Janes}, year = {2017}, title = {Mali: Executive summary}, note = {Accessed June 16, 2017, https://customer.janes.com/} }

Website / Webpage

Author and date given

Always check your output against the .

Use misc class. Enter WEBSITE OWNER NAME and access date in Note field. (Provide access date only if no publication date is available, the info is likely to change, as in Wikipedia entries, or the link is now broken.)

@misc{Sushi:1995,
author = {Sushi, Ursella Quest},
year = {1995},
title = {Absorption of cats in sushi},
note = {Sushi Lab. Accessed November 9, 1999, https://www.wallcrust.com/?hgtehrwOIASD.html}
}

Organization as author

Always check your output against the .

See notes above.

@misc{FBI:2017,
author = {{Federal Bureau of Investigation}},
year = {1995},
title = {Forging papers to sell fake art},
note = {Accessed April 13, 2017, https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/forging-papers-to-sell-fake-art}
}

No date given

Always check your output against the .

See notes in above entry, entering YEAR ACCESSED in Year field.

@misc{Python:2017,
author = {Python, Mary},
year = {2017},
title = {Finding a dead parrot on a silly walk},
note = {Ministry of Silly Walks. Accessed August 6, 2017, https://www.omgitsadeadparrot.com/feathers}
}

Janes example

Always check your output against the .

@misc{Jane:2017,
author = {Janes},
year = {2017},
title = {Mali: Executive summary},
note = {Accessed June 16, 2017, https://customer.janes.com/}
}

Wikipedia
Wikipedia	Always check your output against the . Variant of article class. Enter ENTRY TITLE in Author field (the entry title goes in the author position, and is used in the in-text citation. Enter "Wikipedia" in Journal field, with a PERIOD. Not normally an accepted source in academia; please ask your instructor or advisor. @article{Psychology:2016, author = {Psychology}, year = {2016}, journal = {Wikipedia.}, note = {Accessed October 10, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology} }

Wikipedia

Always check your output against the .

Variant of article class. Enter ENTRY TITLE in Author field (the entry title goes in the author position, and is used in the in-text citation. Enter "Wikipedia" in Journal field, with a PERIOD. Not normally an accepted source in academia; please ask your instructor or advisor.

@article{Psychology:2016,
author = {Psychology},
year = {2016},
journal = {Wikipedia.},
note = {Accessed October 10, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology}
}

<< Previous: BibTeX Code
Next: Other Styles >>
Last Updated: Sep 16, 2024 11:29 AM
URL: https://libguides.nps.edu/citation

411 Dyer Rd. Bldg. 339 Monterey, CA 93943


	(831) 656-2947 DSN 756-2947

Start Your Research

Academic Writing
Ask a Librarian
Copyright at NPS
Graduate Writing Center
How to Cite
Library Liaisons
Research Tools
Thesis Processing Office

Find & Download

Databases List
Articles, Books, & More
NPS Faculty Publications: Calhoun
Journal Titles
Course Reserves

Use the Library

My Accounts
Request Article or Book
Borrow, Renew, Return
Remote Access
Workshops & Tours
For Faculty & Researchers
For International Students
Print, Copy, Scan, Fax
Rooms & Study Spaces
Computers & Software
Adapters, Lockers & More

Collections

NPS Archive: Calhoun
Restricted Resources
Special Collections & Archives
Federal Depository
Homeland Security Digital Library
Library Staff
Special Exhibits
Our Affiliates

NPS-Licensed Resources - Terms & Conditions

Naval Postgraduate School 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 Driving Directions | Campus Map

IMAGES

PPT
PPT
PPT
A Guide To Best Business Presentation Examples To Ace Your Next Meeting
Conference Presentation Slides: A Guide for Success
Conference PowerPoint Template

VIDEO

Paste BibTeX to add publications
Exporting Citations from Google Scholar & Importing External Files into Faculty360
Emacs Customized BibTeX Capture Template For Convenience 2024_06_25_14:10:01
Video bibTeX Article Entry form wikiTemplate
PPT for paper presentation at conference
BibTeX: Book Item Entered with a Template

COMMENTS

How would I cite a presentation given at a press conference with BibTeX?
Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site
bibtex apa-style zotero
Note that Zotero outputs the "right thing" (to a word doc, or plain text, etc.) using a presentation, type = Paper, conference = the annual meeting of the Society for Judgment & Decision Making. Anyway, I can just hand-code this as a lecture, but that sucks a little for my current work-flow.
How do you cite conference proceedings?
9. Yes. It is just a question of aesthetics; the proper citation name for the conference name etc. should follow whatever arbitrary rules that you, or the journal you submit to, chose to follow. If it is a paper to be submitted to a journal, I suggest just leaving it as verbose as possible.
BibTeX template: conference
BibTeX conference template. The conference entry type is intended to be used for conference papers. Same usage as the inproceedings entry type. Minimal template. Minimal template with required fields only for a BibTeX conference entry. @Conference {citekey, author = "", title = "" }
Citing presentations
I've searched through the internet and the BiBTeX documentation, but there seems to be no standard entry type to handle presentations. When creating a custom bibliography style with makebst/merlin, it seems to be possible to add a non-standard "presentation" type, but I don't know how to do this. I would minimally need for author, year, month ...
Introduction to BibTeX and the Conference Type Entry
The Conference Entry Type. The conference entry type is used to refer to papers published in conference proceedings. The required fields for a conference entry are: author: The name (s) of the author (s) of the paper. title: The title of the paper. booktitle: The name of the conference proceedings. year: The year the conference was held.
The 14 BibTeX entry types
The 14 BibTeX entry types. Possibly the most difficult aspect of using BibTeX to manage bibliographies is deciding what entry type to use for a reference source. We list all the 14 BibTeX entry types including their description on when to use. article. An article from a journal, magazine, newspaper, or periodical.
LaTeX Guide : Citing with BibTeX
Mendeley is a free citation manager. Follow the directions below to create a BibTeX file containing the references from a Mendeley collection. Save all your references into a single folder. Navigate to that folder in Mendeley Reference Manager. Choose File > Export All from the main menu. Choose BibTeX (*.bib) and save your file.
Bibliography management in LaTeX
Introduction. When it comes to bibliography-management packages, there are three main options in LaTeX: bibtex, natbib and biblatex. This article explains how to use the biblatex package, to manage and format the bibliography in a LaTeX document.biblatex is a modern option for processing bibliography information, provides an easier and more flexible interface and a better language localization ...
BibTeX format explained [with examples]
Here is a complete listing of the BibTeX entry types including a short description: article: any article published in a periodical like a journal article or magazine article; book: a book; booklet: like a book but without a designated publisher; conference: a conference paper; inbook: a section or chapter in a book; incollection: an article in a collection ...
Bibliography in LaTeX with Bibtex/Biblatex
Summary. Generate a bibliography with BibTeX and BibLaTeX. First define a .bib file using: \bibliography {BIB_FILE_NAME} (do not add .bib) For BibTeX put the \bibliography statement in your document, for BibLaTeX in the preamble. BibTeX uses the \bibliographystyle command to set the citation style.
BibMe: Generate BIBTEX conference citations for your bibliography
BIBTEX Citation Generator>. Cite a Conference. BibMe lets you easily and automatically create conference citations and build your bibliography in BIBTEX. It's accurate and free!
How to cite a University lecture (or its slides or script)
It's not the whole point. Another important function of references is to distinguish own contributions from prior art, and to acknowledge it. Apart from that, every claim requires a source, whether the reader can personally check it or not. "personal communication" is in fact a valid reference (although certainly not as valuable as a published, peer-reviewed paper, and there seems to be ...
Cite a Conference in BIBTEX
Cite a Conference. Creating accurate citations in BIBTEX has never been easier! Automatically cite a conference in BIBTEX by using Citation Machine's free citation generator.
Bibliography management with bibtex
By default, this thebibliography environment is a numbered list with labels [1], [2] and so forth. If the document class used is article, \begin{thebibliography} automatically inserts a numberless section heading with \refname (default value: References).If the document class is book or report, then a numberless chapter heading with \bibname (default value: Bibliography) is inserted instead.
Guide to BibTeX Type `Proceedings`
Required Fields. The "proceedings" BibTeX type requires the following fields: title: The title of the conference proceedings.; year: The year the conference proceedings were published.; Optional Fields. In addition to the required fields, the "proceedings" BibTeX type also has a number of optional fields that can be used to provide additional information.
Conference contributions as references
Possible duplicate of this question: What is the proper way to represent a talk at a conference (with no proceedings) in BibTeX (hopefully via Zotero)? Normally, conferences have proceedings which are published before the corresponding conference takes place and contain the written version of your poster (short paper) or talk (long paper). In such a case, you don't cite your talk or poster per ...
BibTeX
BibTEX is the bibliographic side of LATEX. Technically speaking, BibTEX is a specific program which processes bibliographic data and interfaces between .tex and .bib files. However, it is used as a catch-all term for a number of LATEX bibliographic tools with similar functionality. Collectively, these tools get lumped into the term "BibTEX.".
BibTeX Code
The NPS thesis LaTeX template comes prepackaged with a BibTeX tool and a bib file containing the examples below. Blog; ... Class Notes / Lecture / Presentation / Workshop; Class Notes / Lecture / Presentation / Workshop ... a Department of Homeland Security initiative in infor mation sharing," in 2009 IEEE Conference on Technologies for ...
BibTeX template: proceedings
BibTeX template files for @proceedings: • author • title • booktitle • year. The quick BibTeX guide All you ever need to ... The proceedings entry type is intended to be used for conference proceedings. Minimal template. Minimal template with required fields only for a BibTeX proceedings entry. @proceedings {citekey, title = "", year ...
How to Use BibTex for Reference Management (A Beginner's Guide)
Another non-standard BibTex field, this type is used to key in the doi number of a journal, book or conference paper. An example of a doi field, Doi = "10.978/2345913.1876.17984573" Edition. This field keys in a book's edition number. BibTex standard for this field is to use ordinal numbers.
Citing a speech in BibTex
@mafp makes a good point. The question isn't really about bibtex unless you have some specific citation/bibliography style (APA, MLA etc.) that specifies what needs to be present etc. See: Citing a speech in APA.For a one-off use, you can use the misc entry type, but for works involving lots of speeches, a more nuanced approach might be necessary. See, for example Creating Entry in Bibtex for ...
Research Guides: Citation Guide: BibTeX Code ≤ v2.6
Use misc class for presentations, use inproceedings class if there is an associated published work. @misc{Teplin:EtAl:2005, author = {Teplin, Linda A and McClelland, Gary M and Abram, Karen M},

LaTeX.org on Twitter - follow us

LaTeX forum ⇒ BibTeX, biblatex and biber ⇒ Citing presentations

Who is online

LaTeX Guide : Citing with BibTeX

Citation Managers and LaTeX/BibTeX

LaTeX-Tutorial.com

BibTeX Styles

Autogenerate footnotes in \(\LaTeX\) using BibLaTeX

BibTeX Formats

Inbook (specific pages)

Cite a Conference in BIBTEX

Check your paper before your teacher does!

Authority - Author: Source of the information

Authority - Publisher: Source of the information

Relevance : Importance of the information to your topic

Comprehensiveness

Cite a Conference in BIBTEX

Don't let plagiarism errors spoil your paper

Advisory note

Introduction

Bibliography: just a list of \bibitems

A note on compilation times

Enter \(\mathrm{Bib\TeX}\)

Some notes on using \(\mathrm{Bib\TeX}\) and .bib files

Taking another look at .bib files

Multiple authors in \(\mathrm{Bib\TeX}\)

Multiple-word last names

I tried to use % to comment out some lines or entries in my .bib file, but I got lots of error messages instead?

How/where do I actually get those .bib files?

Help from GUI-based .bib editors

Export from reference library services

I’ve already got a reference list in a Microsoft Word/HTML/PDF file; can I somehow reuse the data without re-typing everything?

Summary and further reading

Further reading

Overleaf guides

LaTeX Basics

Mathematics

Figures and tables

References and Citations

Document structure

Presentations

Field specific

Class files

Advanced TeX/LaTeX

Get in touch

Guide to BibTeX Type `Proceedings`

Need a simple solution for managing your BibTeX entries? Explore CiteDrive!

Required Fields

Optional Fields

Citation Management Tools: BibTeX

BibTeX Reference Formatting

BibTeX Basics

Computer Science & Engineering Librarian

Helpful Links

BibTeX proceedings template

Minimal template

Full template

How to Use BibTex for Reference Management (A Beginner’s Guide)

How to use BibTex format

BibTex citation keys

BibTex field types

Organization

ISBN (International Standard Book Number)

Howpublished

ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)

Institution

DOI (digital object identifier)

How to use BibTex entry types

Incollection

Proceedings

Miscellaneous

White papers, technical reports

Masters thesis

Unpublished

Inproceedings

Related posts

Recent Content

Stack Exchange Network

Citing a speech in BibTex

You must log in to answer this question.