research the history of military reenactments

Civil War Reenactments Were a Thing Even During the Civil War

These ‘practice battles’ are the root of today’s Civil War reenactors

Kat Eschner

Thousands of people participate in Civil War reenactments each year in the United States. They’re sharing a tradition of reenactment that stretches back to the years of the war itself.

To herald Christmas 1861, a year when more than 4,000 fighting men had been killed in Civil War battles and the Union was in disarray, groups of citizens got together to fight mock battles simulating the conflicts raging on battlefields elsewhere. Writes Sue Eisenfeld for The New York Times, " We tend to think of Civil War reenactment as a modern phenomenon, a way for people in the 20th and 21st centuries to experience a taste of what the conflict was like. But in fact, staged battles began while the war was still underway. Known as 'sham battles,' 'mock battles' or 'mimic battles,' these battles were enacted for a variety of reasons: entertainment, practice and to demonstrate to civilians back home what happened during the war."

Shams were especially popular during the holidays for entertainment, and they were mostly confined to the North. On December 5, 1861, the Daily Nashville Patriot published an article noting “the Yankees are great on shams,” she writes. But they were also intended to accustom new soldiers to the pace of the battlefield and help them imagine themselves as fighters, rather than farmers, she writes: "Some places, like Forst Monroe, a Union outpost in Virginia, conducted sham battles daily."

As the New Georgia Encyclopedia records , Civil War reenacting was part of a longer tradition of shams fought with blank ammunition by American militias. Before the Civil War, town festivals often featured a pageant with costumed citizens dressing as Revolutionary War figures.

Directly after the war ended, Eisenfeld writes, veterans were commissioned to serve as reenactors of a conflict they themselves had fought in. ""On April 21, 1865, the town of Massillon, Ohio, was right back into the business of luring crowds with sham battles as part of a day-long 'jubilation over the recent victory of the Federal armies and the surrender of Lee.'" The pageantry and drama of mock warfare offered great entertainment, even when the consequences of the real thing were so bloody.

Later, when public interest in the war revived in the 1880s, the tradition of the sham battle was revived, and many sham battles were conducted purely as entertainment, the Encyclopedia writes. “Although these sham battles were usually not attempts to re-create specific Civil War battles, they were conducted with strong undertones of both sectional pride and national unity.”

The idea of reenacting stuck around, but modern Civil War reenactment was truly born in the early 1960s around the time of the war’s centennial. The first big reenactment, of the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as First Manassas , took place on July 21-22, 1961.

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Kat Eschner is a freelance science and culture journalist based in Toronto.

The Military Influence on Historical Reenactments Explained

July 22, 2024
Military Influence on Culture

The intricate relationship between military influence and historical reenactments reveals a fascinating dynamic of cultural preservation and community engagement. Military influence on historical reenactments serves not only to educate but also to commemorate pivotal moments that have shaped societies.

Throughout history, reenactors have played a significant role in depicting military strategies and events, ensuring that the sacrifices and legacies of former generations are honored. This phenomenon reflects the broader implications of military influence on culture, shaping our understanding of history and its impact on contemporary society.

Table of Contents

Historical Context of Military Reenactments

Military reenactments have deep historical roots, emerging prominently in the 19th century. The practice gained traction during the period when nations sought to commemorate pivotal battles and events, fueling a renewed interest in military history.

As societies evolved, the military’s influence on historical reenactments became significant, reflecting not just past conflicts but also broader cultural narratives. Events like the American Civil War reenactments prominently illustrated these historical contexts, showcasing both the valor and challenges faced by soldiers.

The motivations behind reenactments varied, including educational purposes, community bonding, and patriotic expression. The influence of military events on cultural identity remains apparent even today, as reenactors aim to bring history alive by accurately portraying the experiences of those who lived through significant military upheavals.

Through the lens of history, military reenactments serve as a bridge connecting contemporary society to the past, highlighting the role of military influence on cultural preservation and collective memory.

Military Influence on Cultural Preservation

Military reenactments serve as a vital conduit for cultural preservation, embodying the historical experiences of societies engaged in conflict. Through meticulous recreation of military events, these reenactments provide a tangible connection to the past, fostering an understanding of historical narratives that might otherwise fade from collective memory.

The emphasis on accuracy in uniforms, weaponry, and battle tactics ensures that participants and spectators alike gain insight into military life and the societal values of corresponding eras. This commitment to detail contributes to a broader appreciation of cultural heritage, effectively demonstrating how military influence shapes societal identity and historical consciousness.

By engaging communities in these reenactments, participants foster a sense of pride and awareness regarding their shared history. This process not only educates newer generations about past conflicts but also highlights the cultural elements intertwined with military actions, such as traditions, ceremonies, and the arts reflecting wartime life.

Ultimately, military influence on cultural preservation plays a crucial role in maintaining the legacies of historical events. It transforms historical knowledge into an engaging experience, thereby reinforcing the importance of understanding military history within the larger tapestry of cultural identity.

Types of Military Historical Reenactments

Military historical reenactments can be categorized into several distinct types, each reflecting different periods, events, and aspects of military history. One prominent category includes battle reenactments, which aim to replicate significant historical conflicts such as the Battle of Gettysburg or the Battle of Waterloo. Participants often engage in scripted battles with a focus on tactics, period uniforms, and weaponry.

Another type encompasses living history displays, where reenactors portray everyday military life. This may include demonstrations of camp life, medical practices of the time, and interactions with the public, allowing attendees to gain insight into the realities faced by soldiers.

Tactical demonstrations represent yet another form, emphasizing specific military maneuvers, formations, or strategies. These events may focus on less-known battles or specific historical techniques, showcasing the evolution of military tactics influenced by historical contexts.

Lastly, some reenactments highlight specific military units or campaigns, offering detailed narratives around organizations like the 101st Airborne during World War II. Each type of military historical reenactment contributes to a broader understanding of military influence on culture and history.

Educational Value of Military Reenactments

Military reenactments serve as a dynamic educational tool, providing firsthand experiences of historical events and military life. Participants and spectators gain insights into specific epochs, fostering a deeper understanding of the societal impacts of warfare. Such reenactments bring history to life, making it tangible and relatable.

Through military reenactments, individuals learn about various tactics, equipment, and the daily realities faced by soldiers. Detailed explanations and demonstrations highlight the complexities of military strategies, allowing audiences to grasp the nuances of different historical battles. This immersive experience enhances retention and encourages critical thinking.

Moreover, reenactments often include discussions and workshops facilitated by historians and experts. These sessions address historical contexts and analyze the implications of military actions, promoting informed dialogue between participants. This educational value extends beyond entertainment, cultivating a greater appreciation for historical preservation.

In developing an understanding of military influence on historical reenactments, it becomes evident that their educational benefits are invaluable. The combination of engaging activity and factual information supports an enriched learning environment for all involved.

Community Engagement in Reenactments

Community engagement in military historical reenactments serves as a vital connective tissue between the past and present, drawing individuals from diverse backgrounds into a shared experience. Events such as battlefield reenactments, living history camps, and parades encourage local participation, fostering a sense of belonging. Citizens are not just observers; they play active roles in portraying history.

Through collaborative efforts, communities enhance cultural awareness and pride. Reenactments often involve schools, veteran organizations, and local governments, which provide opportunities for education and dialogue about historical events. This engagement cultivates an appreciation for military heritage and its implications within contemporary society.

Moreover, military influence on community engagement manifests through volunteerism. Many reenactors dedicate time and resources to prepare for events, which strengthens bonds among participants. Their commitment ensures that these reenactments honor historical accuracy while also becoming platforms for learning and social connection.

Ultimately, military historical reenactments create environments where communities can gather, learn, and reflect on their historical narratives. This engagement not only enriches the cultural fabric of an area but also instills a deeper understanding of the impacts of military history on community identity.

Economic Impact of Military Reenactments

Military reenactments serve as significant cultural events that contribute markedly to local economies. The convergence of history enthusiasts, participants, and tourists creates a vibrant atmosphere that stimulates various economic activities.

Tourism generated by events is a primary driver, as reenactments attract thousands of visitors. Many come from different regions or cities, significantly impacting local hospitality sectors, as attendees require accommodations, food, and transportation.

Local business support also flourishes during these events. Vendors selling military memorabilia, food, and beverages experience increased patronage. Additionally, surrounding businesses, such as retail shops and restaurants, benefit from a surge in foot traffic, further enhancing economic viability.

Such economic benefits underscore the profound military influence on historical reenactments, illustrating their role as catalysts for community engagement and financial growth.

Tourism generated by events

Military reenactment events have become significant attractions for tourists seeking to engage with history. These events draw large crowds, offering immersive experiences that transport visitors to different eras. The allure of witnessing historical battles and encampments fosters a unique opportunity for cultural exploration.

Many cities and regions host reenactments, which can lead to increased tourism. Events often include historical displays, demonstrations, and interactive sessions. Notably, these events typically draw visitors interested in military history, family groups, and educational institutions.

Tourists are also attracted to the atmosphere and authenticity of military reenactments, resulting in increased local economic activity. The benefits include:

Higher hotel occupancy rates.
Increased patronage of local restaurants and shops.
Opportunities for artists and vendors to sell historical-themed merchandise.

These events engage communities while enhancing appreciation for history, contributing significantly to the tourism sector. In turn, this military influence on historical reenactments enriches not only local culture but also the economic landscape.

Local business support

Local business support during military historical reenactments often manifests through increased sales and community engagement. These events attract participants and spectators, leading to a boost in revenue for nearby businesses.

Local enterprises, including restaurants, hotels, and shops, benefit significantly from the influx of tourists and participants. The demand for food, lodging, and merchandise often multiplies during reenactment weekends, creating a symbiotic relationship between the events and local commerce.

Key areas that witness economic support include:

Restaurants offering themed menus and promotions.
Hotels accommodating reenactors and history enthusiasts.
Local shops selling merchandise related to the historical periods depicted.

By fostering this connection, military influence on historical reenactments not only revitalizes community pride but also strengthens the local economy.

Military Influence on Event Organization

Event organization in military historical reenactments is significantly shaped by military principles and practices. The need for discipline, hierarchy, and role assignment mirrors military structures, ensuring that events run smoothly and efficiently. This influence is exhibited through structured rehearsals and positions, which contribute to the overall authenticity of reenactments.

Key roles are often designated based on military ranks, promoting a sense of realism and fostering a deeper understanding among participants. These roles help delineate responsibilities, from event coordinators to performers, ensuring that all aspects of the reenactments align with historical accuracy. Coordinators often rely on military protocols to organize logistics, such as staging, safety measures, and participant movement.

Military influence extends to the selection of locations and the setup of camps, closely resembling historical scenarios. Often, venues are chosen to replicate authentic military conditions from the respective historical period, enhancing the immersive experience for both participants and audiences. This meticulous attention to detail underscores the profound impact of military organization on the structure and execution of these reenactments.

Depiction of Military Strategies in Reenactments

Military strategies are often meticulously depicted in historical reenactments to provide audiences with an accurate representation of past conflicts. Reenactors study tactics, formations, and operational methods employed during significant battles, ensuring that their portrayals reflect military doctrine of the time.

Using primary source materials, scholars and enthusiasts analyze documented strategies such as the use of the phalanx in ancient Greece or Napoleon’s innovative troop movements. This in-depth research allows for a genuine replication of military engagements, offering insight into how battles were won or lost based on strategic decisions.

Additionally, reenactments often emphasize communication and coordination among troops. Demonstrating the command structure and relay of tactical orders sheds light on the challenges faced by military leaders and their units, enhancing the educational aspect of these events.

Overall, the depiction of military strategies in historical reenactments not only honors the past but also serves to educate audiences about the intricate dynamics of warfare and its impact on history. These portrayals enhance the viewer’s understanding of military influence on culture, grounding reenactments in historical authenticity.

Challenges Faced by Reenactors

Reenactors face a myriad of challenges that can affect both the authenticity and enjoyment of military historical reenactments. One significant issue is balancing authenticity with creativity. Reenactors strive to create an accurate representation of historical events, yet artistic liberties may be taken to enhance engagement for audiences. This tension can lead to debates regarding the legitimacy of certain portrayals.

Historical misinterpretations also pose a challenge. Inaccurate depictions of military tactics or events may misinform audiences about critical historical facts. This can dilute the educational purpose of reenactments, as viewers may leave with skewed perceptions of history, thus undermining the military influence on historical reenactments meant to foster a deeper understanding of the past.

Additionally, the pressure to reproduce genuine military experiences can lead to logistical issues. Ensuring that all equipment, uniforms, and scenarios meet historical standards requires extensive research and resources. This demand can overwhelm smaller reenactment groups, who may struggle with the costs and commitment needed to deliver a credible performance. Balancing these challenges is essential for the ongoing success of military historical reenactments.

Balancing authenticity and creativity

Achieving a balance between authenticity and creativity in military historical reenactments is a complex endeavor. Reenactors strive to accurately reflect the military tactics, uniforms, and cultural context of specific historical periods. This authenticity is vital for educating the audience about military history while preserving the integrity of the events represented.

However, creativity often enters the equation when adapting these historical elements for modern audiences. The necessity to create engaging displays can sometimes lead to embellishments or deviations from historical accuracy. This blending can enhance the viewer’s experience but risks distorting the genuine narratives and lessons that military history imparts.

Reenactors must navigate this tension carefully, factoring in the expectations of their audience, which can range from history enthusiasts to families seeking entertainment. Ensuring that the military influence on historical reenactments remains rooted in factual representation while still captivating and engaging is essential for fostering a deeper public appreciation of military heritage. Ultimately, a thoughtful approach to creativity complements the pursuit of authenticity, enriching both the event and the audience’s understanding.

Historical misinterpretations

Historical misinterpretations in military reenactments often arise from the complex interplay between storytelling and factual accuracy. These misinterpretations can skew the understanding of military events, leading audiences to form misguided perceptions about historical realities.

Reenactors, while aiming for authenticity, may unintentionally exaggerate certain elements for dramatic effect. This often results in a portrayal that does not accurately reflect the nuances of military strategies, motivations, and the personal experiences of soldiers. Misconceptions about the impact of specific battles or technologies can also emerge.

Factors contributing to historical misinterpretations include:

Limited scholarly research informing reenactment narratives.
Overreliance on popular culture and media representations.
Individual biases of reenactors influencing their portrayals.

It is crucial for participants and organizers to strive for a balanced presentation that respects the historical context while engaging the audience. Acknowledging these misinterpretations can enhance educational value and promote a deeper understanding of military influence on historical reenactments.

The Future of Military Historical Reenactments

The future of military historical reenactments appears promising as it adapts to changing societal interests and technological advancements. Increasingly, reenactors are utilizing digital platforms and social media to reach broader audiences, fostering community engagement beyond traditional events.

As awareness of historical inaccuracies grows, organizers may implement more rigorous standards for authenticity. This adjustment will not only enhance the educational impact but will also deepen the appreciation of military influence on historical reenactments, thereby maintaining their relevance in modern culture.

Technological innovations, including augmented reality and immersive experiences, will likely shape reenactments. These advancements can elevate participation levels and increase the overall audience experience, blending entertainment with education while preserving cultural heritage.

Moreover, collaboration with educational institutions may facilitate further research and resources, creating a feedback loop that enriches the depth of presentations. This approach can ensure that the military influence on historical reenactments continues to foster interest in heritage and encourage ongoing participation in the future.

The military influence on historical reenactments plays a crucial role in shaping cultural understanding and appreciation. By participating in these events, reenactors contribute to the preservation of history while fostering community engagement and stimulating local economies.

As the future of military historical reenactments unfolds, it will remain essential to balance authenticity with creativity. This delicate interplay will ensure that these reenactments continue to educate, inspire, and resonate with audiences, promoting a deeper comprehension of our military heritage.

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military reenactments

Quick reference.

The replication of historically significant battles and campaigns by actors or civilian enthusiasts dressed and equipped in period clothing, weapons, and accouterments. Military reenactment, especially the reenactment of Civil War ...

From: reenactments, military in The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military »

Subjects: Social sciences — Warfare and Defence

Historical Reenactment

New ways of experiencing history.

Edited by: Mario Carretero , Brady Wagoner and Everardo Perez-Manjarrez
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Language: English
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Copyright year: 2022
Audience: Professional and scholarly;
Main content: 204
Keywords: Memory Studies ; Performance Studies
Published: September 13, 2022
ISBN: 9781800735415

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Home > SAS > History and Social Studies Education > Museum Studies Theses > 31

Museum Studies Theses

Aiming to Reenact: The Efficacy of Military Living History as a Learning Tool

Department Chair

Andrew D. Nicholls, Ph.D.

Leah T. Glenn , State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College Follow

Date of Award

Access control.

Open Access

Degree Name

Museum Studies, M.A.

History and Social Studies Education Department

Cynthia A. Conides

First Reader

Second reader.

Noelle J. Wiedemer

People around the world have been fascinated with recreating the past since antiquity. Over the past century, however, the presentation of historical information using various forms of human interaction and animation has gained increasing attention, at least in the historic site community if not largely accepted among academic historians. Utilizing a number of non-traditional tools to create a multisensory experience for visitors, this “living” history aims at entertaining the public while providing insights into the past not easily gained through more academic means. Further, there have been many sites, particularly those with a military theme, that have chosen to utilize volunteer “reenactors” to augment their regular programming. Encompassing everything from small military encampments to large-scale mock battles, the subject of reenactment has been both popular and controversial.

This thesis will evaluate to what degree military reenactment is an effective tool in interpreting the history of past events. To do so, one must begin with identifying the major principles of historic interpretation, as they have evolved over the past seven decades, providing important definitions along the way to lay the proper groundwork for the study. Within the larger realm of historic interpretation, a survey of the subtopic of “living history” and its employment at historic sites will provide further context against which to examine the use of reenactment to achieve the goals of both.

Recommended Citation

Glenn, Leah T., "Aiming to Reenact: The Efficacy of Military Living History as a Learning Tool" (2021). Museum Studies Theses . 31. https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/museumstudies_theses/31

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Breathing Life Back Into the Past

research the history of military reenactments

The hobby of historical re-enactment now has a deep history of its own. The sealed Knot Society, the first reenactment society, was formed as long ago as 1968, the last year steam was used on British Railways.

There is no shortage of history in Britain. Nor is there any noticeable shortage of volunteers to bring it to life. Almost 20,000 enthusiasts give up their time, money and weekends in some 140 reenactment societies the length and breadth of the country.

Time periods brought back to life range from the Viking era up to World War II. Re-enactments even extend to overseas: colonial North America during the Seven Years War, the French and Indian War, the Wild West and the Lone Star state.

Visitors to Britain can find re-enactments at National Trust properties, stately homes, village fetes and other locations that can be easily visited by BHT readers. The majority of these events are staged in the summer and autumn months.

Read more: Does the Queen have secret hand signals?

Revolution!

‘"The shot heard round the world" was the spur for two Leicester men, Alan Ball and James Martin, to found Redcoats and Revolutionaries in 2012. The idea was to be able to put on a show involving both sides of the conflict, rather than just concentrate on one particular military unit or battle. The founders met at the Loaded Dog pub in Leicester to form the group.

Ball says: "I'm just a history junkie. I joined a Viking re-enactment society at 16, mainly to duel my friends with swords. They left after three weeks and I'm still a member 16 years later. Quite a few reenactors get the bug to look more deeply into another period of history; for me it was the War of Independence, something I initially knew very little about apart from the clichés and movie stereotyping.

The more I read, the more interested I became–the smart 18th century aesthetic didn't hurt. But the main thing was the extremely vivid images of the struggle for a nation, a truly global war. Just experiencing a tiny fraction of that is appealing."

The group reenacts the 17th Regiment of Infantry, the "Leicestershire regiment." Extremely active in America throughout the war, it remains part of the modern day British army. A couple of members wanted to portray a light infantry company and chose the 40th Regiment. On the revolutionary side, the group portrays the Lexington Minute Company.

It is not unknown for actors to swap sides. Ball said: “I guess people have such a wide variety of interests that playing the good guy or bad guy either does not concern or interests them more. Arguably, for me at least, the most interesting thing about the War of Independence is that there is no clear good versus bad–unless you believe The Patriot. It was an incredibly messy circumstance born of complicated politics and early globalism.”

Read more: Do we finally know who Jack the Ripper is?

A great hobby

Ball says that it is a "great hobby" that takes as much or as little time as a volunteer can offer: “Some groups insist on a minimum commitment; for us the cost of equipment is proof enough of commitment–about £2,000 for a good military impression.

We do about 10 weekends a year, either for ourselves (experimental archaeology) or members of the public. Many of us also meet once a month for a drink. We try to be engaging while being accurate.

“Most of the time we try to be good educators and speak in the third person. I am just a guy dressing up to show you cool stuff about history. But when we're on a site that lends itself to presenting “living history,” we get in character by trying to do the things that people did.

“In terms of military reenactment, that is camp duties, arms drill, sentries, exercises and so on. Our civilians use their practice of historical crafts and make things. We will often try and perform a particular small event from history; a skirmish between troops, a seditious sermon from a preacher, highway robbery and smuggling. All sorts. It's just loads of fun.”

A Voice for the Voiceless

A famous writer who championed the poor is the inspiration behind Gillingham, Kent-based living history group Voices from Victorian London. Carole and Leslie Allman have taken to the 1850s writings of Henry Mayhew to portray those from the wrong side of the tracks.

Leslie says: “Our main characters are Navy, Polly and Beefy, created from the writings and interviews of Henry Mayhew. These writings involved detailed and heart-warming interviews with all sorts of lower class individuals. These provided the perfect base from which to give them a voice again, which means behaving and sounding as they would, together with the addition of some of our own personalities.

“They were the dregs of Victorian society with little or no education, desperately trying to stay away from the workhouse, surviving as best they could from morning to night by whatever means they could find, legally or not. They were classed as criminals simply because they were poor, which of course wasn't their fault. They were the same as we are today with human emotions and frailties. They still laughed, cried, loved and died, but without any hope of something better in life.”

The newly-formed group is barely a year old and focuses on appearances in Kent/Sussex/Surrey. There is a current membership of six, a guest member, an associate member (who is the photographer) plus a newborn “baby” doll and the mysterious Quivering Meg.

Read more: The Battle of Hastings and how the Normans changed England

War of Independence Re-Enactment

Living history

The couple prefer to use the term “living history” rather than re-enactment, because of their detailed attention to characterization, something they consider is lacking from many other historical groups.

Leslie says: “It has never been our intention to re-enact the past, but to become the past! In creating our window into Victorian London, we find that our characters mentally come to life as we are getting costumed, each item of clothing and makeup developing the mindset. Despite what some people think, we are not frustrated actors, for actors have the training and experience to become a multitude of characters with different voices and we do not.

“The very poor in this period are seldom portrayed, unlike the finely dressed ‘posh’ of the period. Unfortunately, however well intentioned, some may be in their portrayal of the period, but many constantly fall down on historical accuracy. Being “down and dirty ”takes a lot more effort and research to get it right, but we consider it to be a lot more fun!”

He admits the research is time consuming but it is fascinating, as they are constantly finding things out that they would not have even thought of inquiring about had they not been portraying this social class of the period.

Leslie notes: “When interacting with our audience we remain totally in character and use period slang and express ions. This has to be restricted as if we went the whole nine yards , no one would understand what we talking about, including us! We have had some American visitors to the events in Rochester and look forward to meeting many more in the future.

Read more: General William Howe and the War of Independence

Catching Up with the Past Summer in Britain is the perfect time to catch up with some of the many reenactment societies that allow you to catch up with the past. Redcoats and Revolutionaries: redsandrevs.co.uk

Voices from Victorian London: voicesfromvictorianlondon.com

Heading up North? Catch Lace Wars.

Lace Wars is a number of regiments depicting both military and civilian life during the 18th century. Specializing in the period of 1740 to 1760, in particular the Jacobite rebellion, it stages events throughout the year at historic sites in the UK and Europe. Catch them in action this summer at Cannock Chase, Staffordshire, August 19-20 or Towneley Hall, Burnley, September 9-10. lacewars.co.uk

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Reenacting the Civil War

Rob Hodge discusses the culture and the lessons of Civil War reenactments. This video is part of the Civil War Trust's In4 video series, which presents short videos on basic Civil War topics. Civil War Trust

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13 Secrets of Historical Reenactors

While time travel might be impossible (so far), historical reenactors say their hobby is the next best thing. But what’s it really like to take part in a Revolutionary War battle or to live in a Viking village? How—or why—does one get started as a reenactor? And really, aren’t those shoes uncomfortable? Mental_floss spoke with several historical reenactors to get their insights on what it's like to bring history to life.

1. THEY’RE OFTEN JUST REGULAR PEOPLE—IN CHAIN MAIL.

While some historic reenactors are paid museum employees or professional historians, the majority are people with regular jobs who got inspired by a particular period in history. Some say they got hooked visiting a reenactment village, while others describe a more surprising inspiration. Benjamin Bartgis, a Maryland-based reenactor who specializes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, says it was reading the My Name Is America historic novels in elementary school that got him interested. Jack Garrett, founder of the California-based group the Vikings of Bjornstad, says that for him it was the 1958 movie The Vikings — plus a curiosity about what it would feel like to wear chainmail.

2. IT’S NOT JUST DUDES DOING BATTLE SCENES.

One common assumption about historical reenacting is that it mainly consists of people (usually men) recreating specific battles from history. And while battle reenactments are popular, many reenactors are equally passionate about portraying daily activities. Historic villages, like Colonial Williamsburg, and events like the Jane Austen Festival in Kentucky often showcase reenactors carrying out historic trades, such as cooking, tailoring, and blacksmithing, as well as going about other ordinary aspects of daily life. Such “everyday” reenactments may become even more popular in the future: “Millennials are more interested in everyday life and civilian portrayals” compared to older generations, Bartgis says.

3. THEY DON’T WEAR “COSTUMES.”

Some reenactors will bristle if you call what they’re wearing a “costume.” They refer to the clothing and other physical gear needed to create a historical persona as a “kit,” and lavish a lot of time and labor on making their kits as accurate as possible. Period-appropriate, handmade clothing can also get very expensive, with specialty items such as coats and shoes starting at several hundred dollars.

4. EVEN HISTORICAL REENACTMENT IS SUBJECT TO TRENDS.

As with a lot of things, pop culture influences which reenactment eras and activities are popular at any given moment. The release of a smash book, movie, or video game can cause a surge in popularity; WWI and WWII video games have particularly boosted reenactments of those eras in the past few years. Historical anniversaries—like key dates in the Civil War or American Revolution—can also spark a flurry of renewed interest and commemorations.

5. THEY HONE HISTORICAL SKILLS.

Jack Garrett

It’s not just about dressing the part: Reenactors also practice the skills of an earlier era. Albert Roberts, a reenactor who portrays physicians in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, jokes that when he began he didn’t have any practical 18th century skills at all. “I couldn’t hunt, I couldn’t fish, I couldn’t soldier, I couldn’t ride horses, I couldn’t blacksmith, I couldn’t carpenter, I couldn’t birth babies,” he says, “so I had no value.” But after assisting, and then taking over, for the doctor at historic Mansker’s Station in Goodlettsville, Tennessee, he now has a deep knowledge of old medical techniques.

Bartgis, in addition to mastering Colonial penmanship and bookbinding for his 18th century persona, also has a basic grasp of sailing skills for his work with Ship’s Company, a living history organization dedicated to preserving late 18th and early 19th century maritime history.

Plus, many reenactors also have significant craft skills. Garrett notes that his group crafts most of their Viking gear, aside from speciality items like helmets. They even created their own Viking treasure hoard by molding and casting ancient coins.

6. THEY ARE HISTORIANS.

Most reenactors spend countless hours delving into the history of their preferred era and becoming knowledgeable specialists. Steve Santucci, the adjutant (military secretary) for Revolutionary War group the 2nd New Jersey Regiment , tells mental_floss: “the amount of time spent on the field is quadrupled by the time we spend researching.” He refers to the battles themselves, which are fought as much as possible in the same places they originally occurred, as “walking in the footsteps of history.”

But while reenactors pride themselves on their scholarship, there can be some guesswork involved, especially for particularly ancient or less well-documented eras. Garrett (whose own library numbers 700 volumes) says researching 9th through 11th century Vikings often requires testing equipment and theories in order to connect random dots. “A good deal of what we do is what we call ‘experimental archaeology,’” he says, explaining that he will often take information from archaeological sources—like ancient carvings depicting Vikings carrying their swords a particular way—and test it out.

7. THEY GET ASKED SILLY QUESTIONS.

Members of the public seem to love to ask reenactors the same kinds of questions . Among the queries they get tired of hearing: “Are you going to eat that?” (referring to food they’re cooking); “Aren’t you hot?” (referring to period clothing); and “Is that real fire?” (this one seems hard to explain). And inevitably there’s the smart aleck school kid who will ask where they’re hiding their TV.

8. THEY LIKE TO SHARE THEIR KNOWLEDGE.

Bartgis is quick to say that educating the public is one of the best things about being a reenactor. “As much as we like to make fun of questions like [the above], they’re all valid,” Roberts adds. “We’ve done all this research so we’ll have this knowledge that we can pass on to the public.”

Garrett agrees. “It’s very rewarding,” he says. “Nothing makes you feel better about doing this than the smile of someone who may have a different understanding of history.” For instance, he particularly enjoys combating the image of Vikings as “wild, uncouth barbarians intent only on rape, pillage, and slaughter.”

“Without sugar-coating the realities of the Viking age, we try to put that in the context of their times and overlay the image with descriptions of their art, culture, religion and technology,” he explains. “What’s the most common artifact found buried with Vikings? A comb.”

9. THEY DON’T ALWAYS REENACT FOR THE PUBLIC.

As much as they like interacting with the public, reenactors will sometimes stage separate events for themselves. Bartgis describes taking part in a 15-mile overnight march in single digit temperatures as part of a reenactment of the 1777 Occupation of the Jerseys (part of the Revolutionary War). Besides the reenactors’ own enjoyment, the immersive event was staged for museum educators and professionals to enhance their understanding.

But sometimes reenactors will plan private events just for fun. Garrett’s Bjornstad crew convenes with other Viking reenactment groups at a twice-yearly feast held at a historically accurate longfort in Missouri.

10. IT CAN GET CLIQUE-Y.

Asked about the worst part of reenacting, Roberts says it’s the cliques. Reenactors often split themselves up according to their degree of commitment to accuracy and in opposition to the much-maligned, less accurate “farbs” (sometimes said to stand for “far be it from authentic”). Likewise, some professionals working at museums and historic villages take offense as being called “reenactors,” preferring instead the term “living historians.”

“The thing is, if you don’t encourage and educate the farbs, your hobby dies,” Roberts says, noting the need to educate new blood.

11. THEY MIGHT WEAR BREECHES TO THE GROCERY STORE.

“You really know that you’re a reenactor when your reenactor clothes make their way into your modern wardrobe,” Roberts says, explaining that he once wore his 18th century stockings to school, under his pants, because he had no clean socks. “Nobody knew but me, but I was like ‘I may have a legitimate problem.’”

“If you do this for a while,” Bartgis adds, “you end up going and doing grocery shopping in your old-timey clothes ... or putting gas in your car while wearing breeches and stockings and a wig.” He also says that he and his partner have flown on a plane in their kits, and sometimes ended up in a bar kitted up after an event—to the delight of the bartender and patrons.

12. IT’S A CHANCE TO ESCAPE THE EVERYDAY.

Reenactors say they love the chance their hobby offers to get out of the daily grind. Bartgis says the many magic moments he’s experienced are exemplified by “working with a bunch of people to haul a cannon up a hill, while someone is singing a work song, and you’re all pulling together—or coming together on a sail boat that’s under a full press of sail.”

According to Garrett, “The thing that connects all of us is that for a moment it’s nice to get out of traffic and the normal day to day stuff that we all deal with, and just do something different. ”

13. THEY DON’T WANT TO LIVE IN THE PAST.

Most reenactors, while drawn to the past, are happy enough to be living in the modern era. Asked if they’d like to live in the time periods they reenact, the answer is typically a resounding “No!”

“Intestinal parasites and fleas,” says Garrett. “Dysentery and smallpox,” says Santucci. “I like my modern medicine,” says Roberts.

However, Bartgis notes that while studying the past has made him more appreciative of the present, he’s also been able to recognize that many other things have not changed much. “People have been arguing about what kind of country this country should be since the Revolution,” he says. Also, “people have been struggling to make ends meet for a really long time.” He adds that his perspective on the tenuousness of life in the past has given him “a lot of perspective about how we take modern stability for granted.”

All images via Getty except where noted.

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Educating in history: thinking historically through historical reenactment.

1. Introduction: Historical Reenactment: Definition, Objectives, Characteristics, and Methods

show the importance of historical reenactment as an educational tool.
identify the relation between historical thinking and historical reenactment.
analyze the presence of second-order concepts in reenactment practices.

2. Discussion

2.1. developing historical thinking through historical reenactment.

“In the 1970s, the term ‘public history’ gradually became acknowledged as a historical sub-discipline. Public history became institutionalized with the founding of graduate programmes, specific journals, and associations. [...]”

“As the observer of the past is always situated in a present which influences his/her view of the past, historical thinking is also about building an understanding of and reflecting on the complex relationship between past, present, and future. […] In formal history education at secondary schools, historical thinking has increasingly been adopted as the main aim of the school subject. In the history curricula of provinces, states, and countries such as British Columbia (Canada), California (United States), Flanders (Belgium), the Netherlands, Sweden, England, and Finland, historical thinking and historical reasoning occupy the centre stage (see particularly the related chapters in Metzger and Harris 2018)”. ( Grever and Nieuwenhuyse 2020, pp. 487–89 )

“Against these criticisms, scholars with a more social-constructionist approach have ventured that the essentialist distinction between authentic and inauthentic is untenable [...] Reenactment may have a genuine investigative dimension in which the quest for authenticity is not solely about dramatising an already well-known past but generating new knowledge through the activity itself (Crang 1996, pp. 419–20; Cook 2004, pp. 487–88)”. ( Brædder et al. 2017, pp. 172–73 )

2.2. Socializing Knowledge through Historical Reenactment and Its Didactic Use

2.3. some examples of historical reenactment worldwide, 2.4. the metaconcepts of history instruction, the key for historical reenactment.

“An all-encompassing, yet in-depth view of not only change processes but also of diverse and sometimes opposing forces that have led to these changes, and of resistance and continuity factors, as well as the meaning of these series of changes and the very nature of change in history”. ( Paricio Royo 2018, p. 236 )

3. Final Reflections and Conclusions

Author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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González-González, J.-M.; Franco-Calvo, J.-G.; Español-Solana, D. Educating in History: Thinking Historically through Historical Reenactment. Soc. Sci. 2022 , 11 , 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060256

González-González J-M, Franco-Calvo J-G, Español-Solana D. Educating in History: Thinking Historically through Historical Reenactment. Social Sciences . 2022; 11(6):256. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060256

González-González, José-Manuel, Jesús-Gerardo Franco-Calvo, and Darío Español-Solana. 2022. "Educating in History: Thinking Historically through Historical Reenactment" Social Sciences 11, no. 6: 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060256

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The First Re-enactment?

We often think of re-enacting as a modern phenomenon. Those of us familiar with the hobby can attest that re-enacting has evolved greatly since the 1960s and 70s. In those decades participants often made their own clothing and accoutrements, with varying degrees of accuracy. It was not uncommon to see jeans and modern military gear mixed in with poor copies of historic clothing.

Today there is a thriving reenactment community and an industry to support it. Various suppliers offer reproduction clothing, weapons, gear, camping supplies, food, and every imaginable item for nearly every time period.

Yet the roots of reenacting to back earlier than most might suspect. In fact reenactments were held during the American Revolution. The occasions were combinations of training exercises and patriotic celebrations. What follows are descriptions of early reenactments held during the war.

In September, 1778, the Continental Army was camped near Fredericksburg, NY. Lieutenant Colonel Henry Dearborn of the 1st New Hampshire wrote, “Our men had a Gill of Rum Extra to Day on account of its being the annivercery of the Glorious victory Obtained over the British army at bemus Heights- & the Officers in General had a Meeting at Evning had a social Drink & gave several toasts suitable for the Occasion- & our men had a Grand sham fight.” This, was, perhaps, the first battle re-enactment in American history. Unfortunately there are no details of this ‘sham fight.’

During the second Morristown encampment in New Jersey an even larger re-enactment was held by the army on May 29, 1780. There seems to have been nothing else like it, either before or since, during the conflict. Several participant’s accounts give good details, and unlike in many battle accounts, they all agree! Lieutenant Colonel Josiah Harmar of Pennsylvania wrote of this dusty and hot day, “Several Manouvers perform’d this day in presence of the Honble Comitte of Congress, the firings with black cartridges well executed.”

It was a dusty and hot day, recalled Ensign Jeremiah Greenman of Rhode Island. He wrote, “This day 4 Battalion paraded & went to Morris Town where they fired 14 rounds of cartridges & saluted the Committee of Congress which was here on business, settling the affairs of the army.”

Dr. James Thacher of Jackson’s Additional Massachusetts Regiment also wrote “4 Battalions of our troops were paraded for review by the committee of Congress, in the presence of Gen Washington, they were duly honored with the military salute.”

Lieutenant Ellias Parker of the artillery wrote of a “Review and sham fight to day by the Committee from Congress the maneuvers were performed exceedingly well by 4 battalions- I was ordered to & took the command of a 3 pounder on the Left of the 3rd Battalion- after which we had done maneuvering all the officers go to Col Abeals where we get a plenty of Grog .. the soldiers are all furnished with rum.”

Private Joseph Plumb Martin of the 8th Connecticut wrote, “About this time there were about 3,000 men ordered out for a particular field day, for the Prussian Gen Von Steuben to exercise his maneuvering … We marched off our regimental parades at dawn of day, and went 3 or 4 miles to Morristown, to a fine plain, where we performed a variety of military evolutions. We were furnished with a plenty of blank cartridges, had 8 or 10 field pieces, and made a great noise, if nothing more. About 1 or 2 o’clock we ceased, and were supplied with a gill of rum each. Having had nothing to eat since the night before, the liquor took violent hold . . .”

Captain Samuel Richards of the 3rd Connecticut wrote, “On one fine day the army which then consisted of about 11,000 was paraded and divided into 2 separate bodies, one occupying a small hill and the other moved on to attack them. In this sham fight the various maneuverings common in a real battle were acted over.”

Richards concludes with, “After the assailants had continued the attack for some time the reserves came up which turned the battle in their favor. The usual shouting of the victors ensued, while the defeated retreated. The victor then took possession of the hill and pitched their tents on the battle ground.”

Lieutenant Ekuries Beatty of the 4th Pennsylvania was not present but heard the racket: “I now hear a very heavy firing of cannon and musketry which is 4 battalions maneuvering at Morristown before Marquis de Lafyette and I am very sorry I had not the chance of seeing them.”

The soldiers used blank cartridges: powder only, without ball, for these sham battles. This was not only for safety, but to preserve precious lead. Were the reenactments valuable for training? Most accounts don’t reference the experiences being helpful in real combat. Interestingly these ‘sham battles’ as they were called, were not done by armies in the Civil War.

When the Revolution began to be commemorated a century later, sometimes ‘sham battles’ or pageants were held. Wildly popular in the early 1900s, they were planned more for dramatic effect than accuracy. Although many battles have been re-enacted, the Morristown re-enactment of 1780 has yet to be re-enacted.

In 1802 a sham battle was fought at Bennington, Vermont to commemorate the American victory of 1777. What makes this and other early battle re-enactments noteworthy is that Revolutionary War veterans, revered and celebrated as living connections to the conflict, actually would have been on hand.

Re-enactment proved to have practical value in the War of 1812. At Fort Meigs, Ohio in 1813, the Shawnee leader Tecumseh used a sham battle to draw the American defenders out of the fort. It was hoped they would be lured out by thinking that reinforcements were coming. The ruse failed it but was unorthodox.

There was a large “sham fight” in 1854 to commemorate the battle of Monmouth, New Jersey. Others were held off and on through the nineteenth century.

As the Civil war was breaking out in 1861, local militia units held a sham battle in Easton, Pennsylvania on George Washington ’s Birthday. The re-enactment involved companies of militia from the counties of Easton and Northampton, as well as local artillery. A reporter noted that, “some of the boys became unduly excited and began to fight in earnest.”

The hobby grew in popularity during the Civil War Centennial of the 1960s and Revolutionary War Bicentennial of the 1970s. Living history, or re-enactment, became integral parts of the commemorations and have only grown since then, now being major aspects of many historic sites. Yet its origins actually go back to the nation’s founding, to the very War of Independence itself.

Reenactment for beginners: The A-Z guide to getting started with reenactment

If you’re new to reenactment, you may be having trouble starting out. Wondering what reenactment is or how you become a reenactor can be frustrating for beginner reenactors and living historians. In this article, we'll give you a brief overview of everything you need to know to get started with historical reenactment as a hobby.

What are historical reenactments?

Historical reenactments are history enthusiasts who portray certain historical events or recreate life in a time period. Usually, the reenactors try to represent history as accurately as possible, each group has its guidelines and standards for authenticity.

There are many different types of reenactment and reenactors. Read on to learn more.

Types of reenactments

Combat demonstrations

Military units do demonstrations of battles, give weapon demonstrations and interpret the military history on a specific site. These events show the public what combat would have been like in that period. The demonstrations can be loosely based on real battles but can also be fictional mock battles, just to show the techniques.

Battle reenactment

Battle reenactments are focused on recreating a specific battle, for example, the battle of Waterloo. They are scripted, and the outcome of the battle is known beforehand. Reenactors take the same actions that were taken in the original battles. These events are usually very large and great to visit with families.

Immersion event

An immersion event is like a street theater and is done to recreate a specific historical event, for example, a wedding or a trail that happened. These events are always acted.

Tacticals/ private events

Tacticals are usually not open to the public and off-site. These events revolve around a military scenario but are not scripted. Both sides come up with different strategies and maneuvers to win the mock battle or skirmish.

Reenactors sometimes spend a whole weekend living in period clothing and doing the daily tasks that were done by their characters.

Living History

Living histories recreate the life and people of a certain period and have both military and civilian impressions. These events are well-researched used for the education of the public.

Types of reenactors

Military unit and other uniformed units

They portray a specific military unit, for example, the Rhode Island 5th from the American Civil War, or an organized civilian unit. Civilian units are usually camp-followers, for example, children and women following their husbands.

Military units always carry weapons and sometimes also have vehicles.

civilian unit

These units are not part of a uniformed or military unit and are not camp-followers. They portray only the civilians from a certain period, for example, the Ragged Victorians , who represent the lower class Victorians.

Independents

Independent reenactors are not associated with any organized group. They usually portray famous historical figures, for example, Napoleon. These people are sometimes even paid for their impressions and can be specifically invited to the events.

Why reenactment as a hobby

Why should you choose reenactment as a hobby? You might have a passion for history or a certain period in time or you want to experience and learn more about history, dress up in period clothes and use historic tools or weapons.

As with any hobby, you also benefit from human interaction, get to escape your daily routine, and improve your mental health.

Reenactment is also an important hobby because it provides value for spectators. It is an easy way for people to learn more about events in history, and it goes beyond the history books. Reenactment helps bring to life the events described in school textbooks and understand the situation. It’s an interactive and fun way to learn!

How do you become a reenactor

Choose a time period.

Think about what your passion is in life and what you like to do. Maybe you have ancestors who participated in a historical event, for example, if your grandpa is a WWII veteran, this can help you when you try to learn more about WWII.

Some popular time periods are:

Middle Ages
Renaissance
Napoleonic Wars
American Civil War
World War I
World War II
American Revolutionary War
English Civil War
Ancient Rome

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*This post may contain affiliate links. I receive a small amount of compensation when you purchase from my links at no additional cost to you.

Find a group

There are many different reenactment groups to choose from. It’s best to search for one that is reasonably close to you. Search online for “reenactment groups near me” to get a list of groups in your neighborhood or go to a reenactment event in your area and talk to the reenactors and members of groups.

Choose a persona

A persona is a character and role that you play. Your persona can be a fictional character or a real one. Most people pick military characters, but there are many other roles you can play. For example, you could be a wife, a surgeon, or a sutler. The options are endless.

To find your persona, think about who you are in life and who you would like to be. You should have a connection to the character you choose. Your persona must mean something to you.

Research the details

After you've chosen your persona, you should try to learn as much as possible about the period and the character you’re portraying. Research what they ate, how they spoke, what their beliefs were, and what a day in their life was like.

Assemble your kit

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0V96l9n4_Bs

Your equipment is known in reenactment as a kit. This includes clothing, accessories, weapons, and tools.

Make sure your kit matches your persona. For example, if you portray a poor person, you cannot buy expensive clothing and tools that the character in real life could not have afforded.

If you're a newcomer in a re-enactment group, you don’t have to start buying things for your kit right away. The group usually has some extra clothes and props you can borrow, so you can try out your persona before spending a lot on major purchases.

The Importance of Historical Accuracy in Civil War Reenactment: Tips and Tricks for Authenticity
Guns in reenactment
Civil war reenactment events 2023 - the complete list

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Unreviewed Mixed Matters Article

How to run a reenactment - introduction to reenactments and reenactors, part 1.

1 Independent researcher, address withheld by the editors (GDPR), USA.

Deb Fuller. Independent researcher, address withheld by the editors (GDPR), USA. [email protected]

Reenactments, meaning special events that use outside costumed interpreters, are a great way for sites to engage visitors and host memorable programs that build a following. Planning and executing a reenactment can be a daunting challenge for a site that has never hosted one. Like any special event, you have to make sure you have the staffing, resources, and logistics to handle the event. There might also be resistance from higher ups who worry about public safety and bad press from allowing outside groups to participate in programming for the site.

These are legitimate issues, but they can be mitigated by solid planning and working with credible reenactors and reenactment units. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of how to plan and run a reenactment at an established historic site. There will be three parts to this article series: the first part of the article will give an overview of reenactments and reenactors in general, the second will explain what overarching questions you need to ask before and during planning your reenactment, and the last will get into the specific details of planning, logistics, marketing, and running a reenactment.

Some background and caveats: I have nearly 20 years of experience in both participating in and running reenactments, but my experiences are limited to the United States. The basics of producing a reenactment are the same regardless of location but you will need to do research to find out specific details, such as laws and insurance regulations, for your own country and locality. This is important because nothing generates bad press for a site like inspectors coming in to shut down your event because you forgot to file the right permits or notify the appropriate authorities of your event. It will be hard to convince people to come out for your next event after that.

What is a Reenactment?

Reenactments have many names and there is much debate about those names. You might hear reenactment, living history event, hands-on-history, military timeline, grand tactical, history alive, etc. For the purposes of this article, I am going to use the term reenactment and define it as “using outside people and/or groups to interpret history at an established historical site or museum for a special event”.

There are two main parts to this definition: using outside people and/or groups, and the special event. The first part implies using people who do not regularly volunteer at or are employed by a site. This is an important distinction as people who are employed by a site or who are regular volunteers should be familiar with the site’s history, interpretive plan, and daily operations. They are usually covered by the site’s insurance and liability policy.

The important aspect in the second part of the definition of reenactment is “special event”. While many reenactments are “regular” events in that a site will host them at the same time each year, reenactments require more staff, resources, and planning than other programs.

Any site can host a reenactment. Even living history sites/open air museums with their own costumed interpreters, who regularly do first person interpretive programs, can bring in outside reenactors. These reenactors can work with them for special events or provide additional interpretation that is normally not presented on site. For example, George Washington’s Mount Vernon has its own staff of costumed interpreters. They have several events a year where they invite outside groups to provide additional interpretation, staged battle demonstration, and a colonial market fair. The largest of these events hosts dozens of American Revolutionary War reenactment units and individual reenactors, equaling hundreds of additional reenactors on the property.

Why Host a Reenactment?

Reenactments can be a good way to expand the historic interpretation at your site and provide public programs that cannot be done with the existent site staff and volunteers. It is a way to transform your site into a living history museum for a day or a weekend without having to recruit and train loads of new volunteers and staff. Reenactors can provide hands-on demonstrations of period skills and trades for the public and demonstrate the use of working period/reproduction items at the site such as spinning wheels and looms, blacksmith tools, or cooking tools. They can explore periods of history that are associated with your site but outside of its main interpretation period. For example, hosting a reenactment for a specific war time period if a resident of your site joined the military, or hosting events that correlate with the time periods that are popular with reenactors and also mentioned in journals or diaries from residents at your site.

Lastly, reenactments can be wildly popular and good money-makers if your site can charge admission. In my area, reenactments helped save a historic mansion that would otherwise have been razed and redeveloped into a housing subdivision. Having attendance boosts of 500 to over 1000 people per event at an otherwise sleepy historic site convinced the county not to sell the property and keep it open as a historic house museum.

Types of Reenactments

Using our definition, there are many events that qualify as reenactments. Thus, there are many options from which a site can choose. Here is a brief description of some of the most common.

Military Encampment Probably the most common type of reenactment is the military encampment, where one or more military units interpret military history at a site. Many times, these reenactments involve a battle or skirmish and weapons demonstrations. There might be a civilian contingent within the camps representing the proverbial “camp-followers” and/or a separate civilian camp portraying local townspeople, residents of the site, or just representing civilian life of the time.

Battle Reenactment Battle reenactments involve a military encampment but are focused on recreating a specific battle such as Gettysburg, Hastings, Waterloo, or Kalkriese. Battle reenactments can be some of the largest reenactments, involving up to tens of thousands of reenactors over many hectares of land. There is usually a lot of coordination between the units ahead of time so that everyone knows their role in the battle, all the maneuvers planned for the battle, and most importantly, who “wins” the battle. These reenactments can require a lot of oversight, insurance, logistics and planning, for obvious reasons. They are not recommended as a first-time reenactment for sites.

Timeline Timeline events host units from various eras in a contiguous timeline on the site. These units can be all military, all civilian, or a mix of both. Some timeline events are limited to an era such as 20th century or focused on a theme such as maritime or medical units throughout history. In addition to unit displays, there are often other activities such as field demos from each of the units, period dancing, fashion shows, and the purely for fun but always popular, “battle through the ages” where the units from different times mock-battle each other until the last man standing.

Hands-on-History Hands-on-history days are popular with a lot of sites. They are included in the reenactment category because they often include reenactors who explain their camp and/or provide hands on demos for the public. These events can be themed, like a harvest festival, focused on a specific time period like Victorian, or interpret a variety of historical skills and crafts that are fun and appealing to family visitors.

Immersion Events Immersion events aim to present a “slice-of-life” type of experience for the public. While generally not as formal as true museum theater, these reenactments are like impromptu street theater or visiting a full-time living history site. Some of these events attempt to recreate a specific historical event like a funeral, wedding, trial, or public spectacle that happened at the site. Other events attempt to recreate an ordinary “day in the life” at a historic site. Many immersion events use planned “skits” or interactions with other reenactors during the event, such as a confrontation between two gossips or a press gang searching for an escaped sailor. Often reenactors at these events are focused on their interpretation rather than on educating the public, and will not engage with the public unless they are addressed directly.

Tacticals/Private Events Reenactors will host private events that are closed to the public. Usually these are done off-site but sometimes they are hosted on historic sites. Often these are called “taciticals”, as they center around a military scenario with mock battles or skirmishes. Other events are hosted in period barracks, cabins, or other historic structures and can be military, civilian, or a mix of both. Reenactors spend a weekend living and working in period clothing and doing chores and other daily tasks in as period a way as possible. Private events allow reenactors to hone their skills by “living in the moment” in a historical setting without having the responsibility of interacting with visitors. Some sites allow reenactors to host their own private event as a thank you for doing public events at the site throughout the year. Other sites allow reenactors to rent the site for this purpose.

Who are Reenactors?

Like trying to pin down one term for reenactments, reenactors prefer different terms when they refer to themselves. You will hear reenactor, living historian, progressive, campaigner, and historic interpreter, among others. These terms can be very personal and people can be very insistent that they are a specific term and do not associate with other terms. That is a subject for another article. For the purposes of this article, a reenactor is any person who uses historical clothing and artifacts to interpret a specific time and persona and who is not associated with a historical site through employment or volunteering.

The distinction between being employed by a historical site or a regular site volunteer is an important one. Employees and volunteers are bound by a site’s interpretive plan and policies. Those plans and policies are supposed to be supported by research done by the site and the larger academic community. In contrast, while many reenactors are trained historians and some work and/or volunteer at historic sites, for their reenacting impression, they are independent. They conduct research on their own and their impression(s) are generally not tied to one specific historical site.

Each reenactment unit or individual has their own guidelines and standards for authenticity and interpretation. Some allow modern items such as glasses or shoes if they are not distracting or visible. Others insist on everything being a vetted reproduction or an original. There are some vigorous debates in the reenactment community over which clothing patterns and reproduction items are the best and which are “farby”, i.e. lacking in accuracy. If you have costumed interpreters at your site, your standards might be vastly different than a reenactment unit’s standards. These are considerations that will be addressed in parts 2 and 3 of this article series.

Furthermore, a unit’s interpretation might not be the same as how you interpret at your site. Hearing different interpretations can be very confusing to the public if it is not clear to them why there are different interpretations. I was visiting Fort York in Canada, which was burned by the United States during the War of 1812. The Canadians had a very different interpretation of that event than I did, being from the United States. Needless to say, I was a bit cheeky and thanked them for keeping the site nice for us Americans.

Types of Reenactors

This next section gives a basic overview of the types of group and individuals who reenact. It is by no means comprehensive nor meant to be an exhaustive list.

Uniformed Unit Here in the United States, the most common reenactment unit is a group of reenactors who portray a specific military unit or an organized uniformed civilian unit such as the Red Cross, from a specific time period. Examples are: the Rhode Island 5th from the American Civil War, the Harlem Hellfighters, aka the 369th American Infantry from World War I, or the Land Girls. These units can be solely military/uniformed impressions or have a mix of civilian and military uniforms. Civilians are often “camp-followers”, women and children who followed their husbands and other family members on campaign, and other civilians with the unit. Other civilians do auxiliary impression such as sutlers or peddlers, camp laundry, clergy, local townsfolk, medical personnel, refugees, etc. Military units always have their weapons, such as firearms, and some have artillery weapons and/or vehicles. Cavalry units often bring horses and expect to ride on site. Depending on the event and space available, a unit can bring personal and/or large group tents, camp gear such as cooking pots, supply boxes, bedrolls, tarps, gun racks, and displays of personal items and other items from the time period.

Civilian Unit Civilian units are made up of only civilians from a time period, who are not part of a uniformed unit. They might be interpreting an organized group such as the Suffragettes, a specific type of civilian such as the Ragged Victorians who interpret lower class Victorians c. 1851, or the Sons and Daughters of Ham, who interpret contraband African-Americans during the American Civil War. Some civilian interpretations will focus on one task such as a camp laundry or a spinning bee, or there will be a variety of activities as in a refugee camp. The main difference between a military and a civilian camp is weapons. Military camps may have things people can handle, and civilian reenactors don’t necessarily want grubby hands on everything, especially with sharp tools or original items.

Independents Independents are either individuals or small groups who are not associated with a formal, organized group. Some independents portray famous figures in history and are known for those impressions. Sometimes these people are paid for their impressions, especially if they are specifically invited for an event. Other people have their own specialized displays, such as a tradesperson, or are the only person who does their particular military or uniformed impression.

Recruiting Reenactors

Before you start planning an event, you need to get to know the reenactors in your area who might be willing to come to an event at your site. Visit as many events at other sites as you can as one of the general public. Look at the reenactors they host. Look at their displays, their demos, and how they interact with the public. Some questions to consider:

Knowledgeable?
Tolerant of “stupid” questions with obvious answers? (While questions like “are you hot in those clothes” and “is that a real fire” are legendary in reenactor circles, one of the most common questions I get doing War of 1812 reenactment is “When was the war of 1812?”)
Do they mainly give the same lecture over and over again or do they let the public ask questions and explore their area?
Do they constantly seek to improve their impressions and their knowledge of their time period?
Does it have enough people to both talk to the public as well as watch the hands-off items like weapons and the fire?
Do they keep modern items out of sight and covered, away from the public?
Are people actively engaged in doing something in camp related to their impression like working on a craft or trade, cleaning their weapons, cooking, tidying up, etc.?
Is their site neat and orderly?
Are hands-on items and non-hands-on items clearly marked and separated for the public?
Do the reenactors keep modern/off-topic conversation out of their camp areas and limit them to “off-site” areas like the bathrooms or break areas and after public hours?

If you don’t like a unit or if you don’t get a good impression from them, then find other reenactors. If you can visit the same unit at a few different events, that is a good idea as everyone has a bad event from time to time. Good reenactors will always try to improve and do better.

Talk to other sites about the units they host and get recommendations as well. The more popular time periods will have more choices and some groups will come up again and again, for one reason or another. The good reenactors will have good reputations and vice-versa. Be wary of reenactors who have been disinvited or outright banned from sites and/or units. They are probably not good choices for your event.

Absolutely do not tolerate any reenactors who are outright racist, sexist, bigoted, outspoken about modern politics while the public is around, or who are just jerks, no matter how good their impression is and how much stuff they have in their camp. It’s better to have a smaller group of good, dedicated reenactors who engage your visitors and with whom you don’t have to worry about doing damage control with the press, than a reenactor who has the best collection and uniforms but who is unpleasant or even offensive to be around. Your event is about interpreting history and education, not pushing a personal agenda.

Once you have visited other events and gotten to know the local reenactors, you can talk to them about ideas you have for your event and start the planning process. This will be continued in part 2 of this article.

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Top Historic Battle Reenactments This Year

Are you planning to attend a battle reenactment this year?

We've listed the top battle reenactments happening this year, including Revolutionary War, Civil War, WWI, and WWII reenactments and more.

If you have attended a reenactment that you'd like us to include on this list, please let us know .

" Declaration of Independence" Own a piece of history. Each version is printed by hand on a historic press just as it was done in 1776. The three versions pictured below from left to right are: "Declaration of Independence" from the Printing Office of Edes & Gill in Boston , "Declaration of Independence" printed by John Dunlap (Philadelphia) , and "Declaration of Independence" printed by Mary Katherine Goddard (Baltimore) .

If you have a favorite reenactment to add to this list, please let us know . And if you're looking for a special gift for a history lover, check out our store , which is what funds the operation and expansion of The History List. You'll find shirts and stickers with our original design, special commemorative shirts, and signed books by noted historians.

Reenactment – The Battle of Princeton

Experience the January 3, 1777 Battle of Princeton by viewing British and American reenactors.

Reenactment – Fate of All Foragers

This two-day event commemorates the 159th anniversary of the skirmishes at West Crossroads & Tillers Ferry near Bethune, SC.

Reenactment – Battle of Olustee

The Battle of Olustee reenactment features authentic Confederate and Union camps.

Reenactment – Battle of Aiken

This event features hundreds of soldiers and living historians recreating one of the last Confederate victories of the war.

Reenactment – Battle for Broxton Bridge

At this event, you can relive the last big defensive effort for the Confederates before the battle of Columbia.

Reenactment – Revolution in Huntington Beach

At this event you can experience the founding of our nation with some of the country's finest living history presenters.

Reenactment – Battle of Round Mountain

This biannual event recreates a winter encampment of the Civil War era, with living history Union and Confederate soldiers setting up opposing camps.

Reenactment – Battle of Cabin Creek

2024 date not yet available. This Civil War reenactment features living history reenactors, military and civilian camps, and gun and cannon demonstrations.

Reenactment – Military Through the Ages

Experience centuries of military history during Jamestown Settlement's time-honored “Military Through the Ages” event, an annual event since 1984.

Reenactment – Battle of Bentonville

2027 date not yet available. This living history event only happens every five years, featuring many free programs and two battle reenactments.

Reenactment – Battle at Narcoossee Mill

This event features living history and Civil War reenactments.

Reenactment – Goliad Massacre

Living historians will congregate around the hallowed grounds of the Presidio for this annual event based on the massacre of Texas soldiers on Palm Sunday 1836.

Reenactment – Port Hudson Siege

2024 date not yet available. The annual reenactment marks the anniversary of "The Siege of Port Hudson."

Reenactment – Skirmish at Fort Harker

This Civil War reenactment, which promises to transport visitors to the era of the American Civil War, is hosted by the 18th Alabama and 63rd Ohio.

Reenactment – Battles of Lexington and Concord

On Patriots' Day weekend, numerous reenactments take place in Lexington and Concord commemorating the opening battle of the American Revolution on April 19, 1775.

Reenactment – San Jacinto

2024 date not yet available. This event features hundreds of reenactors who re-create the events leading up to Texas winning its independence from Mexico at the decisive Battle of San Jacinto.

Reenactment – Battle of Ridgefield

2027 date not yet available. Every five years, Revolutionary War reenactors re-stage the historic Battle of Ridgefield on the town streets.

Reenactment – Revolutionary War Weekend

This is one of the largest Revolutionary War reenactments and features hundreds of Continentals, Redcoats, Hessians, cannon, and cavalry in action.

Reenactment – Battle of Big Cypress Bayou

2024 date not yet available. Historical reenactors will battle for control of the "Baghdad of the Bayou" – Jefferson, Texas.

Reenactment – Civil War Days Elk Grove

2024 date not yet available. This reenactment features typical Civil War battles with musket and canon firing, horses, and encampments.

Reenactment – Billie Creek Civil War Days

2024 date not yet available. Featuring a daily battle reenactment and small skirmishes throughout the day, this event also includes sutlers and demonstrations.

Reenactment – Skirmish in the Valley

2024 date not yet available. Skirmish in the Valley is a nationally recognized Civil War reenactment. Come take a step back in time and experience what it was like to live during the Civil War.

Reenactment – Battle of Alamance

2024 date not yet available. “Fight for the Backcountry” features a re-creation of the Battle of Alamance.

Reenactment – Battle of Resaca

This event includes reenactments of the largest battle of the Atlanta Campaign and other living history activities.

Reenactment – Battle of Bost Grist Mill

2024 date not yet available. The event features hundreds of military and civilian re-enactors, artillery demonstrations, and Civil War history experts.

Reenactment – First Siege 1813

Reenactors from across the U.S. and Canada commemorate the First Siege of Fort Meigs by re-creating authentic military camps and tactical demonstrations.

Reenactment – Spirit of Vincennes Rendezvous

2024 date not yet available. This is one of the premier Revolutionary War reenactments in the Midwest and features multiple authentic battle reenactments.

Reenactment – Fort Pocahontas

The historic events of May 24, 1864 are remembered at a reenactment of the Action at Wilson’s Wharf.

Reenactment – Battle of Monmouth

2024 date not yet available. Hundreds of troops encamp at Monmouth Battlefield State Park and re-create scenarios of the battle over the weekend.

Reenactment – Siege of Niagara 1759

This reenactment features hundreds of reenactors re-creating the historic siege of 1759 during the French and Indian War.

Reenactment – Battle of Bushy Run

Historical reenactors bring the Battle of Bushy Run, a two-day battle in August 1763 during Pontiac’s War, to life at this event.

Reenactment – Redcoats and Rebels

The largest military re-enactment in New England with hundreds of costumed Revolutionary War reenactors, both soldiers and civilians, encamped on the Village Common.

Reenactment – Revolutionary War Days

See the Revolutionary War in action! American patriots defend the Lead Mine Fort as British loyalists and Native Americans wait for an opportunity to attack.

Reenactment – Defending the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal

2024 date not yet available. The American Civil War comes to Pike County when the Pike County Historical Society and the 142nd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry present "Defending the C&O Canal."

Reenactment – D-Day Conneaut

This reenactment features more than 1,200 re-enactors on a 2250-yardlong beach and sloping adjacent terrain which closely resembles Omaha Beach.

Reenactment - 60 Years War for Ohio: American Revolution

Explore an important chapter in the long fight for the Ohio Country.

Reenactment – Jackson Civil War Muster

The Jackson Civil War Muster is the largest, longest-running Civil War event in the Midwest, welcoming people of all ages.

Reenactment - Civil War Days

Civil War Days allow people to experience vivid re-creations of life in our past in ways that would not otherwise be possible and learn about some of the most important moments in our collective history.

Reenactment – Battle of Tunnel Hill

2024 date not yet available. This event features encampments, sutler tents, and battle reenactments.

Reenactment - Hart County Civil War Days – Battles for the Bridge

This weekend-long event features reenactments of the Civil War Battle of Munfordville, living historians, and a Blue Gray Ball.

Reenactment – Civil War in Zoar

Civil War in Zoar will return in 2025. The largest Civil War Event in the State of Ohio comes to the Historic Village of Zoar when Civil War reenactors “invade” the town.

Reenactment – Battle of Chickamauga

2024 date not yet available. This event pays tribute to the soldiers who fought in The Battle of Chickamauga, one of the most significant and bloody engagements of the American Civil War.

Reenactment – Battle of Blountville

2024 date not yet available. This weekend-long history event includes authentic Civil War camps, infantry, cavalry, artillery, period displays, and exciting battles.

Reenactment – Annual Kings Mountain March

The large commemorative reenactment march marks the historic march by Overmountain Patriot Militia forces to the American Revolutionary War Battle of Kings Mountain, which took place on October 7, 1780.

Reenactment – Barboursville Civil War Days

This event commemorates two small battles that occurred in the Village of Barboursville, West Virginia.

Reenactment – World War II Days

This is one of the largest WWII re-enactment events in the US and features battles with tanks, artillery, armored vehicles, and pyrotechnic displays.

Reenactment – Battle for the Airfield WWII Re-Enactment Weekend

Over 350+ re-enactors representing several branches of Allied and Axis military participating in encampments and two battles each day.

Reenactment – Battle of Perryville

This event features tours, historians showing rifle and cannon demonstrations and civilian life, and lectures throughout the weekend.

Reenactment – Revolutionary Germantown Festival

Cliveden and the sites of Historic Germantown collaborate to highlight the diverse stories of the people who lived through the American Revolution and the Battle of Germantown, on October 4, 1777.

Reenactment – Battle of Mississinewa

Mississinewa 1812, the largest War of 1812 living history event in the United States, is a historical commemoration of the Battle of Mississinewa fought in Grant County on December 17-18, 1812.

Reenactment – National Revolutionary War Reenactment & Colonial Festival

This event features a reenactment of the 1777 Philadelphia Campaign in the Chesapeake, encampments, a Colonial Market Faire, and living history demonstrations.

Reenactment – Battle of Cedar Creek

This event features living history camps, live period music, and educational demonstrations on the fields where the battle was fought on October 19, 1864.

Reenactment – Guyandotte Civil War Days

Hundreds of reenactors will participate in America's greatest street battle.

Reenactment – Battle of Camden

This event includes hundreds of living historians portraying Crown and Patriot Revolutionary War soldiers and distaff, 18th century craftsmen, demonstrations, and merchants with reproduction wares.

Reenactment - Battles of Trenton

Two battles that took place in Trenton – one on December 26, 1776 and one on January 2, 1777 – are re-enacted on the original battlefields.

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TOURISM PUBLICATIONS

15 years of the war of 1812 living history reenactments.

Posted by Review Newsroom | Sep 10, 2024 | Educational , Events , Family , Local History , News | Dunvegan

Called one of the best-kept secrets of the region, Dunvegan’s Glengarry Pioneer Museum is celebrating its 15th rendition of civilian, business, and military life during the War of 1812 era.

Reenactors and the surrounding buildings, tented encampments, and grounds offer a truly immersive experience that encourages visitors to get in touch with the vibrant history of Upper Canada. Numerous experiences take place on Saturday, September 21st from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm and Sunday, September 22nd from 10:00 am to 3:00 pm at the Glengarry Pioneer Museum.

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Some notable appearances include Mohawk elder and educator, Tom Dearhouse; Ottawa’s 100th Regiment’s Fifes & Drums; and the Stormont, Dundas & Glengarry Highlanders Pipe Band. Through his shared tradition, wisdom, and oral history of his ancestry, Dearhouse speaks about the Creation Story, The Peacemaker and the Great Law, Kariwiio and the cycle of ceremonies on Saturday, while the musical groups provide period music on Sunday.

Be sure to plan extra time to witness the military skirmishes and reenactments on both days, weather permitting. Battles are taking place at 3:00 pm on Saturday and 2:00 pm on Sunday.

The oldest bar in Ontario, the Star Inn Tavern, is serving the microbrewery Brauwerk Hoffman’s selection of ales and mead throughout the rain-or-shine event. Even more of a selection of food and refreshments is available at Flora’s Kitchen, on-site.

Additionally, unique historic wares are available for cash purchase to take home through vendors offering clothing, leather goods, cast-iron cookware, maple syrup, and fresh fruit and vegetables.

The entire family is welcome to visit with admission prices being $12 per adult, $6 per student, or $30 for the family, with children five and under free. Prices are half-price with membership to the museum. All payment methods are accepted, including cash, debit, or credit.

Additional information can be found at www.glengarrypioneermuseum.com or by calling the museum at 613-527-5230.

About The Author

Review Newsroom

This article was prepared by The Review journalist team. This article may be a press release or a summary of information provided to us.

King's College London

The redress of the past: historical pageants in britain.

10 September 2024

Spotlight on Arts & Humanities

How do the British public engage with history? And what role do pageants play?

As part of our Spotlight on Arts & Humanities series we delve into the Redress of the Past project led by historian, Professor Paul Readman . In a new film, the culmination of his Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) AHRC funded research project, Professor Readman explores how the phenomenon of historical pageantry gripped the nation over the course of the twentieth century, and examines their importance to Britain today.

Postcard showing Louis Napoleon Parker with a large megaphone. Image: David Clarke Collection, King’s College London

The birth of 'pageant fever'

In 1905, the charismatic impresario Louis Napoleon Parker staged the very first historical pageant. Engaging over 900 actors, musicians, costume makers and organisers, Parker put on a reenactment of the history of Sherborne, Dorset in the ruins of its castle. Special trains carried visitors from London, and 30,000 people are said to have watched the performances. A whole community was inspired, and the historical pageant movement was born.

Parker’s innovation sparked what people at the time called ‘pageant fever.’ The format of the Sherborne pageant set the precedent for its successors: a chronological sequence of episodes from local history, played out by actors dressed in historical costumes sewn by volunteers, with accompanying props, music, and souvenirs for the crowds to take home. Beginning with the story of the town’s foundation by St Aldhelm in 705 and ending with a visit from Sir Walter Raleigh in 1593, the spectacle comprised a total of eleven episodes which journeyed through 1200 years of Sherborne’s unique history, linking that to the larger history of Britain as a whole.

Communities across the nation set about staging historical pageants of their own, retelling their own local histories in dramatic performances that encouraged the public to think imaginatively about their place and their past. By the interwar period, these spectacles had spread to large industrial towns and cities, who upscaled Parker’s original format to include up to 10,000 performers and address social and economic histories as well as the traditional tales of battles, kings and queens. Hundreds of thousands of people were involved as performers and organisers, millions more as supporters and spectators.

Pageants were not typically conservative or nostalgic spectacles; the reverse was often the case. The performance of history was a crucial means of enlisting the past in the service of the future. Pageants were an important channel for the promotion of popular education; they were designed to instruct as well as to entertain. In doing so, their focus was on the needs, values, and aspirations of present-day communities. They helped sustain a strong sense of community identity, rooted in a shared history. Professor Paul Readman, Principal Investigator of Redress of the Past

The popularity of pageants until at least the 1960s in villages, towns and cities alike tells us that historical pageants played a significant role in bringing communities together through an engagement with the history of their surroundings. Existing at the scale they did, they arguably represented one of those most significant forms of public engagement with history before new attractions, including historical documentaries, TV dramas and public heritage sites, replaced them. Firsthand accounts demonstrate the impression they left on participants.

To be doing it within the walls of something that saw all this history was amazing… that felt really immersive… I think that brought history to life for us… Rather than dates and names, it was feelings and sensations… Stephen Dunn, participant in the Carlisle Pageant of 1977. Interviewed in the Restaging the Past documentary.

Pageants are still staged in some places today, such as the town of Axbridge in Somerset, and their wider legacy is apparent in the popularity of ‘living history’ and historical reenactment societies. Yet their ongoing cultural significance has gone unappreciated. The Redress of the Past project asked what inspired millions of people to volunteer their time and resources into historical pageantry.

The Pageants Database: A Major New Digital Resource

Backed by two grants from the AHRC, the Redress of the Past project worked with King's Digital Lab to create an open-access, searchable database of pageants in Britain .

The Redress of the Past Pageants database screenshot

Drawing on many years of original research in libraries and archives across the UK, the database maps events across time and place, giving details of nearly 670 pageants. It includes essays on each pageant, some of which have been co-produced with non-academic collaborators, and many of which provide accounts from members of the public. Totalling c.15 million words, the database is the definitive resource for the study of historical pageants in Britain – for academics, students and the public at large.

Other publications by the project team include a Local History Study Guide to pageants research, available as a free download here , and a volume of essays by members of the project team, also freely available in open access form.

Engaging Local Communities

The exhibitions and events put on in collaboration with museums and other groups enabled communities to connect their past and present. An exhibition at St. Albans , ‘ Pageant Fever ’, welcomed more than 19,000 visitors to explore the history of pageants in the city.

For the exhibition at Tullie House Museum and Gallery in Carlisle, the Redress of the Past team worked closely with the curator Edwin Rutherford to develop what he described as “a new model of co-curation for the museum”. Costumes, photographs and local memories from the city’s 1928, 1951 and 1977 pageants featured in an exhibition that also included newly recorded oral history testimonies deriving from the project research – many of which can be accessed through the project website .

Restaging the Past : a documentary film

The research influenced the activities of charitable organisations, feeding into successful Heritage Lottery Funding applications. The project’s work with Windrose Rural Media Trust was especially important, supporting the preservation of archive film, and leading to the creation of a new documentary film about pageants. In the words of the Trust’s Director Trevor Bailey, the collaboration has “greatly expanded the opportunities for us as filmmakers”, not least through the recording – often for the first time – of original pageant music.

Restaging the Past , the resulting documentary film made in collaboration with Windrose, tells the story of the historical pageant movement across the twentieth century. It features footage from the Sherborne Pageant of 1905, as well as pageants in St Albans (1907, 1948 and 1953), Carlisle (1928, 1951 and 1977), Birmingham (1938), Guildford (1977 and 1987) and elsewhere. The film begins and ends with the preparation and performance of the 2022 Axbridge Pageant in Somerset, a pageant which is restaged every ten years and which shows how vital such events can be to the life of 21st century communities, as new tales from the 20th and early 21st centuries are woven into the narrative.

History is no dry abstract thing, living only in archives. It lives also in the landscapes, streetscapes and sites of memory of communities; and it lives in people – all of us, who ourselves create history in our daily lives. Re-enacting the histories made by communities, and present in the lived environment of the same communities, both serves as a powerful celebration of these shared histories, while also helping us to preserve them not in aspic, or as museum pieces, but as something real, something alive. Professor Paul Readman

Axbridge, and other contemporary pageants like it, demonstrate that pageants retain their potential to bond communities together by offering audiences an immersive experience of the past. More broadly, the story of pageantry in Britain prompts us to consider how and why dramatisations of history continue to captivate contemporary British audiences, proving that certain art forms provide us with creative avenues into the past that are not available elsewhere.

Restaging the Past documentary

The film, Restaging the Past, is freely available to stream here .

In this story

Professor Paul Readman

Professor in Modern British History

6 Video Games that Teach Real Military History

Games have a long history of being used to teach military lessons, starting with ancient board games such as checkers and chess. As games have become more complex and narratively driven over the last few decades, they've also become better at instilling players with these lessons. Indeed, history-focused games in particular can illustrate changes in tactics, weapons and the scope of war over time.

Below, you’ll find six games from the last 20 years that all effectively illustrate an informative facet of America’s past conflicts. If you want to dive deeper into the history of each conflict, we highly recommend reading books and reputable articles on each battle or campaign while playing the games. After all, while games may give players a better feel and, often, a better idea of the terrain and tactics of each conflict, they usually lack the historical depth that comes from a solidly researched book or documentary.

“Ultimate General: Civil War”

Civil War games are rare, let alone ones with this much attention to historical detail.

The “Ultimate General” series throws players into the role of, you guessed it, a general officer. There are multiple games, and you can be a general in the Battle of Gettysburg, the larger Civil War or the Age of Sail. You can lead your army through entire campaigns that start at a specific point in history with the real units in their real positions.

To learn the military history of the conflict, we recommend playing the Civil War version of the game and playing each battle individually so that you start with the same forces in the same position that real commanders did.

"Red Orchestra 2: Heroes of Stalingrad"

The fighting in Stalingrad was some of the fiercest of World War II, and this game depicted it so well that it won Game of the Year in 2011.

The 2011 game "Red Orchestra 2: Heroes of Stalingrad" tells the story of one of the most pivotal battles of World War II, a battle that isn't exactly ignored in Western circles but definitely gets less attention than it should.

A quick primer: While Europeans today mostly credit America as the most impactful Allied power, Europeans in the 1940s felt much differently as most Nazi and Allied casualties took place on Germany's Eastern Front with the Soviets. The Soviets are credited with defeating or destroying 607 Axis divisions. In Stalingrad alone, the Soviets killed and captured 500,000 German soldiers.

"Red Orchestra 2: Heroes of Stalingrad" focuses on that conflict and drops the player into the house-to-house and street-to-street fights of Stalingrad. The game is old but still holds up. It won “Game of the Year” in 2011, and its recent reviews on Steam are still "very positive," according to Steam's metrics.

"Brothers in Arms: Road to Hill 30"

Described as the ‘only first-person tactical shooter set in World War II,’ the game requires you to think through small-unit tactics to survive.

Another World War II game, "Brothers in Arms: Road to Hill 30" follows the hard fighting of the U.S. 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment in France in 1944. The exact squad is fictional, but events in the game are real, from the squad getting scattered during their jump into Normandy to the Battle of Bloody Gulch a week later.

The Bloody Gulch fight was part of the larger Battle of Carentan, where U.S. soldiers took the village and then defended it against a brutal counterattack.

"Steel Division: Normandy 44"

Command the forces of the Battle of Europe from the comfort of a computer chair.

Look, Normandy comes up a lot. That's just how the history video-game market works.

"Steel Division: Normandy 44" hangs its hat on realistic terrain and imagery, as the game was made using real intelligence imagery and photographs from the war.

The real-time strategy game has conflicts ranging in size from fighting over a bridge to capturing a town. Since the terrain is real and force sizes are typically realistic, moments emerge naturally that echo history, such as breaking forces into smaller units to make it through the hedgerows.

"The Great War: Western Front"

World War I is a tough fight to model in video games. Like in World War II, it featured massive numbers of people fighting in densely packed areas, which is hard for computers to track and render. It featured lots of trench fighting, which is hard to make fun. And some battles lasted so long that it would be nearly impossible to fit into a video-game narrative arc.

"The Great War: Western Front" leaned into all those problems and was somehow made better by it. Players pick which side of the war to fight on, and the game has real-time, tactical fights nestled within a turn-based strategy game. Gameplay often revolves around trench fighting, which many reviewers complain about but is obviously how World War I really worked. And the game injects news of the outside world, so players can get a feel for when the U.S. joined the war, when Russia was knocked out and when major historical events such as the sinking of the Lusitania took place.

"Valiant Hearts: The Great War"

Solve puzzles as you navigate World War I-era Europe.

This World War I game differs from all other titles on the list. It doesn't focus on combat at all. It's a story-driven game with plenty of puzzles, and it tells the story of five characters with interweaving stories.

It's more of an interactive novel than a traditional game.

It won't help players memorize dates or tactics from the war, but it does a good job of telling personal stories within the larger conflict while depicting the shortages and strife that defined it.

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IMAGES

Top 35 Historic Battle Reenactments This Year
Top 35 historic battle reenactments this year
American Civil War reenactment
Top 35 historic battle reenactments this year
Top 35 Historic Battle Reenactments This Year
Top 35 Historic Battle Reenactments This Year

VIDEO

The RULES OF ENGAGEMENT Get Soldiers KILLED
I Needed To Get To Afghanistan Once It Kicked Off
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Lessons in Reenacting
WWII Veteran on PTSD and Suicidal Thoughts
'Preserve the past'

COMMENTS

Reenactments, Military
Reenactments, Military. The vibrant subculture of battle reenactment is too often thought of as merely a hobby or as activity unworthy of sustained analytical attention. Americans have commemorated wars in a number of ways. Patriotic rhetoric, for example, reinforces the primal themes of patriotic orthodoxy: war as holy crusade that brings new life to the warrior and the nation.
Civil War Reenactments Were a Thing Even During the Civil War
Writes Sue Eisenfeld for The New York Times, " We tend to think of Civil War reenactment as a modern phenomenon, a way for people in the 20th and 21st centuries to experience a taste of what the ...
The Military Influence on Historical Reenactments Explained
Throughout history, reenactors have played a significant role in depicting military strategies and events, ensuring that the sacrifices and legacies of former generations are honored. This phenomenon reflects the broader implications of military influence on culture, shaping our understanding of history and its impact on contemporary society.
Historical reenactment
Reenactors in the period uniforms firing muskets in the Battle of Waterloo reenactment, in front of the wood of Hougoumont, 2011. Historical reenactments (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which mainly amateur hobbyists and history enthusiasts dress in historical uniforms and follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.
Military reenactments
Quick Reference. The replication of historically significant battles and campaigns by actors or civilian enthusiasts dressed and equipped in period clothing, weapons, and accouterments. Military reenactment, especially the reenactment of Civil War ... From: reenactments, military in The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military ».
American Civil War reenactment
Civilian reenactors. In addition to military reenactment, a significant part of American Civil War reenactment includes portraying civilians, including men, women, and children from infants to young adults. This can consist of portrayals as diverse as soldiers' aid societies, sutlers, saloon proprietors, musicians, and insurance salespeople.
PDF The Play of History: Civil War Reenactments and Their Use of the Past
Reenactors set up their mimetic world along the lines of Civil War military organization and period life, constructed through a massive research endeavor undertaken from the level of the individual reenactor to the semi-professional organizations that plan the major anniversary battles. The equipment and uniforms are largely
PDF U.S. Army Military History Institute Re-enactments Collections Division
Per. Recreated persona at Gettysburg, PA, National Military Park--a private of 111th New York Infantry who "eyewitnesses" the famous action for tourists. Greenwood, Don. "War Games: Another Form of Re-enacting." Blue & Gray (Aug/Sep 1983): p. 41. Per. Johnson, Steven K. "Re-enacting the Civil War: Genre and American Memory.".
The history of... re-enacting battles
It takes its name from a secret royalist society that operated during the Interregnum. Founded by distinguished soldier and Sandhurst lecturer Brigadier Peter Young, it is Britain's largest re-enactment society. One of its earliest events was held at Basing House in 1969. At that time it lacked a Roundhead wing and so numbers were made up ...
Historical Reenactment
Long dismissed as the domain of hobbyists and obsessives, historical reenactment—the dramatization of past events using costumed actors and historical props—has only in recent years attracted serious attention from scholars. Drawing on examples from around the world, Historical Reenactment offers a fascinating, interdisciplinary exploration of this cultural phenomenon. With particular ...
Aiming to Reenact: The Efficacy of Military Living History as a
Glenn, Leah T., "Aiming to Reenact: The Efficacy of Military Living History as a Learning Tool" (2021). Museum Studies Theses. 31. People around the world have been fascinated with recreating the past since antiquity. Over the past century, however, the presentation of historical information using various forms of human interaction and ...
Reflections on Reenacting
Time-line events present multiple eras at once, such as Military through the Ages convened every March at Jamestown Settlement. They are not reenactments per se, but gatherings of reenactors time-tripping on wars ranging from remote antiquity up through today's. The common denominator is the concept of "living history."
The Reenactments
Many Boston-area living history groups that research the Revolutionary War and produce battle reenactments are descendants of the same groups that first responded to the alarms of the Midnight ...
Breathing Life Back Into the Past
"In terms of military reenactment, that is camp duties, arms drill, sentries, exercises and so on. Our civilians use their practice of historical crafts and make things. We will often try and perform a particular small event from history; a skirmish between troops, a seditious sermon from a preacher, highway robbery and smuggling. All sorts.
Reenacting the Civil War
The American Battlefield Trust is a 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Rob Hodge discusses the culture and the lessons of reenactments. This video is part of the Civil War Trust's In4 video series, which ...
13 Secrets of Historical Reenactors
3. THEY DON'T WEAR "COSTUMES.". /. Some reenactors will bristle if you call what they're wearing a "costume.". They refer to the clothing and other physical gear needed to create a ...
Educating in History: Thinking Historically through Historical Reenactment
This paper aimed to identify trends in the scientific literature that relate the link between two concepts: historical thinking and historical reenactment. The definition of both concepts and their commonalities were examined. Convinced that History instruction and Heritage education could improve new methods and techniques, and aware of the benefits of reenactments in active learning and ...
The First Re-enactment?
Today there is a thriving reenactment community and an industry to support it. Various suppliers offer reproduction clothing, weapons, gear, camping supplies, food, and every imaginable item for nearly every time period. Yet the roots of reenacting to back earlier than most might suspect. In fact reenactments were held during the American ...
Historical Reenactment Societies
HISTORICAL REENACTMENT SOCIETIESThe area of historical reenactment has taken on many different forms since its beginnings in northern Europe in the 1890s. Historical reenactment, also known as living history, can be defined as the use of the fives senses as well as intellect and emotion to animate and provide an "historical experience" to the learner (Boardman, p. 1).
Reenactment for beginners: The A-Z guide to getting started with
Historical reenactments are history enthusiasts who portray certain historical events or recreate life in a time period. Usually, the reenactors try to represent history as accurately as possible, each group has its guidelines and standards for authenticity. There are many different types of reenactment and reenactors. Read on to learn more.
How to Run a Reenactment
You might hear reenactment, living history event, hands-on-history, military timeline, grand tactical, history alive, etc. For the purposes of this article, I am going to use the term reenactment and define it as "using outside people and/or groups to interpret history at an established historical site or museum for a special event".
Top Historic Battle Reenactments This Year
December 30 - 30, 2023. Two battles that took place in Trenton - one on December 26, 1776 and one on January 2, 1777 - are re-enacted on the original battlefields. The top battle reenactments this year, including Revolutionary War, Civil War, WWI, and WWII reenactments and more, as compiled by The History List.
15 years of the War of 1812 living history reenactments
Called one of the best-kept secrets of the region, Dunvegan's Glengarry Pioneer Museum is celebrating its 15th rendition of civilian, business, and military life during the War of 1812 era. Reenactors and the surrounding buildings, tented encampments, and grounds offer a truly immersive experience that encourages visitors to get in touch with the vibrant history…
The Redress of the Past: Historical Pageants in Britain
Engaging over 900 actors, musicians, costume makers and organisers, Parker put on a reenactment of the history of Sherborne, Dorset in the ruins of its castle. Special trains carried visitors from London, and 30,000 people are said to have watched the performances. A whole community was inspired, and the historical pageant movement was born ...
6 Video Games that Teach Real Military History
Command the forces of the Battle of Europe from the comfort of a computer chair. (Photo courtesy of IGDB.com) Look, Normandy comes up a lot. That's just how the history video-game market works.