natural resources essay pdf

Natural Resources Sustainability: An introductory synthesis

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Christopher Lant, Utah State University

Copyright Year: 2023

Publisher: Utah Education Network Digital Press with Pressbooks

Language: English

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Table of Contents

• Chapter 1: Natural Resources Sustainability in a Nutshell
• Chapter 2: Lessons from Environmental Histroy
• Chapter 3: Relevant Fundamentals of Physical Geography and Geology
• Chapter 4: Relevant Fundamentals of Ecology
• Chapter 5: Human Population and Sustainability
• Chapter 6: The Neoclassical Economics Approach to Sustainability
• Chapter 7: Learning from Oxymorons I - Ecological Economnics
• Chapter 8: Learning from Oxymorons II - Industrial Ecology
• Chapter 9: Property, Policy, and Insitutional Economics
• Chapter 10: Political Ecology
• Chapter 11: Using Land Sustainability
• Chapter 12: Water Resource Sustainability
• Chapter 13: Wealth from the Earth - Mineral Resources
• Chapter 14: Energy Sustainability
• Chapter 15: Policies for Natural Resources Sustainability
• Chapter 16: Envisioning a Sustainable American Way of Life

Ancillary Material

About the book.

This text has evolved from 20 semesters teaching the undergraduate courses Geography, People, and the Environment and Environment and Society. It is designed for freshmen through junior-level courses at community, junior and four-year colleges and universities in the United States. Focused upon the dilemma of environmental sustainability, geography and the emergent field of ecological economics are emphasized in a trans-disciplinary framework. It provides—in a one semester or one quarter undergraduate course that requires no prerequisites—a fundamental background in the essentials students need to deal with natural resource and environmental issues as an informed citizen while building a foundation for further study.

About the Contributors

Christopher Lant , Utah State University

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Community, Natural Resources, and Sustainability: Overview of an Interdisciplinary and International Literature

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Essay on Natural Resources

Natural resources are the treasures that Mother Earth has bestowed upon us. They include water, air, soil, minerals, and all living things. In this essay, we will delve into the importance of these resources, their sustainable use, and the vital role they play in our lives and the health of our planet.

let’s talk about the importance of natural resources

Our lives depend on these resources more than we realize. For example, fresh water is essential for drinking, agriculture, and industry. According to statistics, 2.2 billion people lack access to safe drinking water, highlighting the critical need for its preservation.

Natural resources fuel our economy

Many industries, such as agriculture, mining, and forestry, rely on natural resources to thrive. Experts emphasize the importance of sustainable practices in these industries to ensure the long-term availability of resources.

Biodiversity is a natural resource

Our ecosystems, which include plants, animals, and microorganisms, provide us with food, medicine, and clean air. The loss of biodiversity can have devastating effects, as experts warn of the potential consequences for our health and well-being.

Natural resources support renewable energy

The sun, wind, and water are valuable sources of renewable energy that reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. By harnessing these resources, we can combat climate change and protect our environment.

Soil is a crucial natural resource

It is the foundation of agriculture, providing nutrients for crops. Soil erosion, often caused by unsustainable farming practices, threatens our ability to grow food. Sustainable farming is essential to protecting this vital resource.

The air we breathe is a natural resource

Clean air is essential for our health, and pollution poses a significant threat. Experts stress the importance of reducing emissions and protecting our atmosphere for future generations.

Minerals are essential for modern life.

They are used in everything from construction to technology. Mining, however, can have environmental impacts, making it crucial to balance resource extraction with conservation efforts.

Forests are a valuable natural resource

They provide habitat for wildlife, absorb carbon dioxide, and offer recreational opportunities. Sustainable forestry practices are necessary to ensure the health of our forests.

The oceans are rich natural resources.

They provide food and support biodiversity. However, overfishing and pollution endanger marine ecosystems. Experts call for responsible fishing and marine conservation efforts.

The importance of conserving natural resources cannot be overstated.

Sustainable practices, such as reducing waste and conserving energy, are crucial to protecting our environment. Every individual can make a difference by adopting eco-friendly habits.

Conclusion of Essay on Natural Resources

In conclusion, natural resources are the lifeblood of our planet, supporting our existence, economy, and well-being. It is our responsibility to use these resources wisely and sustainably, ensuring they are available for future generations. By valuing and conserving our natural resources, we can secure a brighter and healthier future for ourselves and the Earth we call home.

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✍️Essay on Natural Resources: Samples in 100, 150 and 200 Words 

• Updated on  
• Nov 2, 2023

Wondering about how the resources provided by our planet Earth are depleting? Well, that’s true. We have come to the stage where we should start working towards saving our planet. We humans have used our resources in a humongous quantity. Therefore, it’s time we start working towards saving our planet for our future generations. Today we will provide you with a few samples of essay on natural resources which will help you write on this topic easily. 

Table of Contents

• 1 What are Natural Resources?
• 2 Types of Natural Resources
• 3 Essay on Natural Resources in 100 Words
• 4 Essay on Natural Resources in 150 Words
• 5 Essay on Natural Resources in 200 Words

What are Natural Resources?

Natural Resources are resources which are present in nature independent of human actions. 

These are the resources that are created naturally by the environment, without any help from humans. Soil, stone, sunlight, air, plants, animals, fossil fuels, etc. are all natural resources.

In simple language, natural resources are naturally occurring materials which are useful to humankind. They can also be useful in a variety of ways such as in technological, economic or social contexts. These resources include building, clothing materials, food, water, fertilisers and geothermal energy. Natural resources were traditionally within the purview of the natural sciences.

Also Read: Essay on Save Environment: Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

Also Read: How to Prepare for UPSC in 6 Months?

Types of Natural Resources

Speaking of the type of natural resources, there are mainly two types of natural resources. These include Renewable and Non-renewable resources. 

Renewable Resources: These are those resources which are endlessly available to humans for several uses. These resources are trees, wind, and water.

Non-Renewable Resources: These resources are available to humans in infinite quantities as they are not renewable and their supply may eventually run out. Minerals and fossil fuels are a few examples.

Also Read: Essay on the Importance of the English Language for Students

Essay on Natural Resources in 100 Words

Natural resources are parts of the natural world that are useful to humans. Renewable resources are those that can be swiftly replenished, these include soil, water, and air., Non-renewable resources are those that need time to recover, such as minerals, oil, natural gas, etc. 

One should note that the survival of all life on Earth depends on natural resources. However, the usage of natural resources in excess use can cause ecosystem disruption. Many nations are taking action these days to protect their natural resources. Natural resources shouldn’t be used for purposes outside our needs. In order to preserve non-renewable resources, we should utilise renewable resources more frequently than non-renewable ones.

Essay on Natural Resources in 150 Words

The organic aspects of nature that contribute to our way of life are known as natural resources. For survival, we rely on natural resources. Natural resources include things like air, water, soil, minerals, crops, etc. Resources like minerals, oil, and other resources are found in non-living organisms and take eons to regenerate. 

The distribution of natural resources is not even. Resources like these are also the primary driver of international trade relations for many nations. However, with time, these natural resources have now been overused by the human mankind beyond their limits. 

However, the unrestricted exploitation of natural resources is a challenge for all nations these days. To control this, a lot of nations are emphasising garbage recycling and employing more renewable resources than non-renewable ones. 

Sustainable development is the use of natural resources for current requirements without wasting them while keeping an eye on the future. It refers to the wise use of natural resources without sacrificing what coming generations will need.

Also Read: Essay on Unity in Diversity in 100 to 200 Words

Essay on Natural Resources in 200 Words

Natural resources are materials found in the environment that humans use to survive.  From the very start, humans have been dependent on these resources. While some of these resources can be restored more rapidly than others, some require more time. Resources like sunlight, water, air, and other renewable resources are readily available and have higher recovery rates than consumption rates.

On the other hand, the formation and processing of non-renewable resources, such as minerals, oil, and natural gas, take a long time. Even the usage rate of these non-renewable resources is higher as compared to the renewable resources. While some natural resources are used immediately, others must first undergo processing.

Even while renewable resources are available in huge quantities, they should also be used responsibly. Both renewable and non-renewable resources require time to be created and processed. Therefore, it is very important for humans to use these resources in a limited quantity and leave some for future generations.

With time, humans are using these resources excessively. With the ever-increasing population, humans have already created a huge impact on the environment. To begin, humans are continuously polluting the air, water and noise. Buildings are being constructed on more land. The land is becoming less valuable in this way. Humans are soon becoming the biggest reason behind depleting natural resources, such as land, water, and air. 

Therefore, we mustn’t undervalue these resources. The moment has come for us to recognise the importance of using these resources sustainably.

Related Articles

Natural Resources are substances which are naturally obtained from nature. Here are the 5 natural resources: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Sand, Gems, and Metals.

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished or regenerated at a rate comparable to the rate at which they are consumed or harvested. For example: Solar energy, Wind energy, Biomass, Geothermal energy, etc.

Conserving and saving natural resources is essential for sustainable development and the preservation of the environment. Here are some easy tips to save natural resources: Implementing the 3Rs in daily life; Adopting energy-efficient practices such as using energy-saving appliances; Reducing water wastage by fixing leaks, using water-efficient appliances, and practising mindful water usage in daily activities, etc.

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What Are Natural Resources?

• First Online: 15 November 2023

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• Mohd Akhter Ali   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-1416 5 &
• M. Kamraju   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-7725 6  

Part of the book series: Earth and Environmental Sciences Library ((EESL))

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Natural resources are the materials and substances that occur in nature and are valuable to humans for various purposes. They form the foundation of human societies, supporting our survival, economic activities, and overall well-being. Understanding the concept of natural resources is essential for recognizing their importance, managing them sustainably, and addressing the challenges associated with their use.

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CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) (1992) Convention on biological diversity. Retrieved from https://www.cbd.int/

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2012) State of the world’s land and water resources for food and agriculture (SOLAW)—managing systems at risk. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-i1688e.pdf

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2020) State of the World’s Forests 2020. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/state-of-forests/en/

IEA (International Energy Agency) (2020) World energy outlook 2020. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2020

Ramsar Convention (1971) Ramsar convention on wetlands. Retrieved from https://www.ramsar.org/

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2011) Towards a green economy: pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication. Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/resources/report/towards-green-economy-pathways-sustainable-development-and-poverty-eradication

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2016) The importance of natural resources: the environment for development. Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/resources/report/importance-natural-resources-environment-development

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2019) global environment outlook—GEO-6: healthy planet, healthy people. Retrieved from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/natural-resources-definition-types-and-examples/

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Department of Geography, University college of science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

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Division of Graduate Studies, Department of Geography, Centre for Economic Studies, Nizamiah Observatory Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Ali, M.A., Kamraju, M. (2023). What Are Natural Resources?. In: Natural Resources and Society: Understanding the Complex Relationship Between Humans and the Environment. Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46720-2_1

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Essay on Natural Resources and Associated Problems

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Natural Resources are all that exists without the actions of humankind. This includes all natural characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, and electrical properties and forces. On earth we include sunlight, atmosphere, water, land (includes all minerals) along with all vegetation and animal life that naturally subsists upon or within the heretofore identified characteristics and substances. Natural resources are often classified into renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources: Renewable resources are generally living resources (fish, coffee, and forests, for example), which can restock (renew). Non-renewable natural resources: Non-living renewable natural resources include soil, as well as water, wind, tides and solar radiation, etc. Resources are classified on the basis of their origin i.e. biotic or abiotic on the basis of their origin. The Indian landmass contains a multitude of both types of resource and its economy, especially in rural areas, is heavily dependent on their consumption or export. Biotic resources: Biotic resources are obtained from the living and organic material. These include forest products, wildlife, crops and other living organisms. Most of these resources are renewable because they can regenerate themselves. Fossil fuels are considered as biotic because they are formed from decayed organic matter. Fossil fuels are non-renewable. These are the renewable resources and include the plants and animals. • The foods, sugars, tea, coffee, medicines are obtained from the plants. • The timber is obtained from the tress and is used for the construction, furniture, ships, poles and radio. • The wood pulp forms different types of paper. • The gums, wool, acetic acid, alcohol, and dry fruits are obtained from the trees. • They also provide the shelter and food to the other organisms. They also provide oxygen and affect the weather of a particular area.

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Essay on Natural Resources

Wealth of Nature

Natural resources, the abundant treasures bestowed upon our planet, encompass everything from air and water to minerals and biodiversity. These resources, essential for sustaining life, economic development, and environmental balance, face unprecedented threats. The unrelenting pace of exploitation and the onslaught of pollution have raised alarms about their depletion. Understanding their significance in driving economies, supporting ecosystems, and fostering life, exploring measures to conserve and sustainably manage these invaluable assets is imperative.

Classification of Natural Resources

Natural resources are typically classified into two main categories.

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Renewable Resources

Renewable resources, also known as green or sustainable resources, are elements of the Earth that can be naturally replenished over relatively short periods. These resources are pivotal in sustaining life, offering a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to non-renewable resources. Understanding the intricacies of renewable resources is crucial for adopting responsible and eco-friendly practices.

Let’s delve into the details of some key renewable resources:

1. Solar Energy:

• Source: Derived from the sun’s rays that radiate vast amounts of energy.
• Capture Technology: Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic cells, convert sunlight into electricity.
• Applications: Used for residential and commercial power generation, water heating, and space exploration.
• Advantages: Solar energy is abundant, clean, and widely distributed. It has a minimal environmental impact and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

2. Wind Energy:

• Source: Energy harnessed from the movement of air masses on Earth.
• Capture Technology: Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power.
• Applications: Wind farms for electricity generation, both onshore and offshore.
• Advantages: Environmentally friendly, with no direct emissions. Wind energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions and lessens dependence on finite fossil fuels.

3. Hydropower:

• Source: Energy obtained from the gravitational force of flowing water.
• Capture Technology: Dams and turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving water into electricity.
• Applications: Large-scale hydropower plants for electricity generation and smaller-scale projects.
• Advantages: Dependable and Adaptable, offering a steady and regulated energy supply. Another source of sustainable energy is hydropower.

4. Biomass:

• Source: Organic materials such as wood, crop residues, and waste.
• Capture Technology: Biomass is burned or converted into biofuels to produce heat or electricity.
• Applications: Used for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. Biofuels are utilized as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
• Advantages: Biomass is carbon-neutral because the carbon dioxide it absorbs during growth balances the carbon dioxide it releases during combustion.

5. Geothermal Energy:

• Source: Heat generated within the Earth’s interior.
• Capture Technology: Geothermal power plants convert heat from the Earth’s interior into electricity.
• Applications: Electricity generation and direct use for heating buildings or spas.
• Advantages: Geothermal energy is reliable and constant, with minimal environmental impact. It provides a continuous and sustainable source of power.

Non-renewable Resources

Non-renewable resources are Earth’s treasures with limited and finite availability, formed over geological timescales. Unlike renewable resources, non-renewable resources are not replenished on human timescales, and their extraction and utilization raise concerns about depletion, environmental impact, and sustainability.

Let’s explore some key non-renewable resources in detail:

1. Fossil Fuels:

• Types: Coal, oil (petroleum), and natural gas.
• Formation: Originated from ancient plant and animal remains buried and exposed to pressure and heat for millions of years.
• Extraction: Extracted through coal mining, oil drilling, and natural gas fracking.
• Applications: Used for electricity generation, transportation, heating, and various industrial processes.
• Challenges: Depletion concerns as extraction rates exceed natural replenishment. Fossil fuel combustion produces greenhouse gasses, which worsen air pollution and contribute to climate change.

2. Minerals and Metals:

• Types: Precious metals (gold, silver), base metals (copper, aluminum), and industrial minerals (iron, limestone).
• Formation: Result of geological processes and often extracted through mining.
• Applications: Used in construction, manufacturing, electronics, and various industries.
• Challenges: Limited availability and environmental impact associated with mining activities, including habitat disruption, soil erosion, and water pollution.

3. Nuclear Fuels:

• Type: Uranium, a radioactive metal.
• Formation: Mined from the Earth’s crust.
• Applications: Primary fuel for nuclear power plants, generating electricity through nuclear fission.
• Challenges: Limited uranium reserves, concerns about nuclear accidents, radioactive waste disposal, and nuclear proliferation.

The Importance of Natural Resources

Understanding the importance of natural resources is vital for promoting sustainable practices and ensuring the well-being of present and future generations.

• GDP Contribution: Natural resources are central to economic development, contributing significantly to nations’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Agriculture, forestry, mining, and energy extraction are pivotal for economic growth.
• Employment Opportunities: Many livelihoods are directly linked to natural resource extraction, processing, and utilization. From farmers cultivating crops to workers in mining operations, these resources provide employment opportunities worldwide.
• Energy Production: Important energy sources that power industrial processes, transportation, and electricity production include coal, oil, and natural gas. They have historically powered economic development and technological progress.
• Environmental Balance: Natural habitats and ecosystems are crucial for biodiversity, supporting various plant and animal species. Preserving these environments is essential for maintaining ecological balance and preventing species extinction.
• Agriculture and Food Security: Arable land, freshwater, and fertile soil are fundamental for agriculture. These resources support the cultivation of crops, ensuring food security for the global population.
• Industrial and Technological Advancements: Natural resources serve as raw materials for technological advancements, enabling the creation of new products, medicines, and materials.

Distribution of natural resources around the world

Geological, climatic, and biological variables influence the global distribution of natural resources. Here’s an overview of significant natural resources and their distribution:

Fossil Fuels:

• Oil: Concentrated in regions like the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), Russia, Venezuela, and the United States.
• Natural Gas: Abundant in regions including Russia, the Middle East, the United States, Iran, and Qatar.
• Coal: Widely distributed, with significant reserves in the United States, Russia, China, India, and Australia.

Minerals and Metals:

• Iron Ore: Predominantly found in Australia, Brazil, China, India, and Russia.
• Copper: Major deposits in Chile, Peru, China, the United States, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• Gold: Concentrated in countries like China, Russia, Australia, the United States, and Canada.
• Rare Earth Elements: China holds significant reserves, while other deposits exist in countries like Australia, Russia, and the United States.

Agricultural Resources:

• Arable Land: Unevenly distributed, with fertile regions in countries like the United States, India, Brazil, China, and Russia.
• Water Resources: Vary widely, with countries like Brazil, Russia, Canada, Indonesia, and China holding significant freshwater reserves.
• Key Crops: Production hubs vary—corn in the United States, wheat in Russia and the United States, rice in China and India, and soybeans in Brazil and the United States.

Forests and Timber:

• Tropical Forests: Concentrated in regions like the Amazon Basin (Brazil), Congo Basin (Central Africa), and Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia).
• Temperate Forests: Predominantly found in countries like Russia, Canada, the United States, and Scandinavia.

Renewable Energy Sources:

• Solar and Wind Energy: Available globally but often more viable in regions with abundant sunlight (deserts) or consistent wind patterns (coastal areas or plains).
• Hydropower: Concentrated in countries like China, Brazil, the United States, Canada, and Russia with ample rivers and suitable topography.
• Marine Resources: Abundant in coastal regions and oceans, with major fishing nations including China, Indonesia, Peru, India, and the United States.

Depletion of Natural Resources

Let’s delve into the ramifications of the depletion of natural resources:

Loss of Biodiversity:

• Habitat Destruction: Many ecosystems are lost due to agriculture, urbanization, and resource extraction from forests, marshes, and other natural habitats. This phenomenon contributes to the extinction of plant and animal species.
• Disruption of Ecological Balance: Depleting one component of an ecosystem can have cascading effects, affecting species that depend on the depleted resource and disrupting the intricate web of interdependencies.

Climate Change:

• Fossil Fuel Depletion: By releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, the exploitation and burning of fossil fuels contribute to climate change. Extreme weather events and the global warming dilemma are made worse by the depletion of these non-renewable resources.
• Deforestation: The depletion of forests reduces their capacity to sequester carbon dioxide, contributing to the greenhouse gas buildup in the atmosphere.

Water Scarcity:

• Over-extraction of Aquifers: Depleting groundwater resources through excessive pumping for agriculture and urban use leads to lowered water tables, increased salinity, and a decline in freshwater availability.
• River Depletion: Rivers can alter their natural flow patterns by dams and diversions for irrigation or hydropower, impacting aquatic ecosystems and communities dependent on these water sources.

Soil Degradation:

• Overfarming and Deforestation: Intensive agricultural practices, deforestation, and improper land management contribute to soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and loss of soil fertility.
• Desertification: Overexploitation of land in arid and semi-arid regions can lead to desertification, rendering once-productive land barren and unsuitable for agriculture.

Resource Conflict:

• Competition for Limited Resources: Depletion of resources, particularly non-renewable ones, can lead to heightened competition and conflicts between nations and communities vying for access to these finite assets.
• Social and Economic Disparities: The unequal distribution of natural resources can exacerbate social and economic disparities, leading to conflicts over resource ownership and access.

Economic Impact:

• Dependency on Non-renewable Resources: Economies heavily reliant on non-renewable resources may encounter difficulties as these resources become scarce, resulting in economic downturns and job losses.
• Disruption of Supply Chains: Depletion of key resources can disrupt global supply chains, affecting industries and markets dependent on these inputs.

Sustainable Practices for Natural Resource Management

Here are several key sustainable practices:

• Conservation and Preservation: Natural resources, including forests, water, soil, and wildlife, must be used and protected responsibly. Preservation seeks to protect ecosystems in their natural state and minimize human interference. Both strategies aim to maintain biodiversity, ecosystem services, and natural habitats.
• Sustainable Agriculture: Implementing agroecology, organic farming, crop rotation, and integrated pest management reduces reliance on harmful chemicals and promotes soil health, biodiversity, and long-term productivity. It also includes practices like precision farming that optimize resource use through data-driven approaches.
• Sustainable Forestry: Adopting sustainable logging practices, such as selective harvesting, reforestation, and reduced-impact logging, ensures the regeneration of forests while preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Forest certification programs, like Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification, promote responsible forest management.
• Water Resource Management: Efficient water use through drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting, and water recycling minimizes waste and ensures adequate water supply for agriculture, industry, and communities. Watershed management approaches also protect water sources and maintain water quality.
• Waste Management and Recycling: Implementing waste reduction strategies and recycling programs and promoting the circular economy minimizes resource depletion, decreases pollution, and maximizes the value extracted from materials, reducing the need for virgin resources.
• Ecosystem-Based Approaches: Preserving and rejuvenating ecosystems like wetlands, mangroves, and coral reefs is vital for sustaining natural resources. This practice safeguards habitats, controls water flow, captures carbon, and fosters biodiversity.

Global Trends in Natural Resource Consumption

Global natural resource consumption trends show how people use Earth’s resources worldwide, driven by population growth, technology, and changing consumption. These trends significantly impact the environment, economies, and societies, making it essential to understand them.

• Population Growth: The ever-increasing global population directly influences resource demands. More people translate to higher needs for food, water, energy, shelter, and raw materials. This growth amplifies pressure on resources, particularly in regions experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization.
• Industrialization and Technology: Advancements in technology and industrial processes have transformed resource extraction, manufacturing, and energy production. Technology enhances efficiency and intensifies resource consumption due to increased manufacturing, energy demands, and complex supply chains.
• Urbanization: The migration of populations from rural areas to cities leads to concentrated resource consumption. Urban areas require massive amounts of resources for infrastructure, housing, transportation, and services, significantly impacting local and global resource demands.
• Changing Consumption Patterns: Evolving lifestyles and consumer behaviors, often influenced by economic growth and cultural shifts, affect resource consumption. Shifts in dietary preferences, increased use of disposable goods, and a culture of rapid obsolescence contribute to resource depletion.
• Resource Intensive Industries: Certain sectors, such as agriculture, mining, and manufacturing, heavily rely on natural resources. Their expansion to meet growing demands exacerbates resource depletion, ecosystem degradation, and pollution.
• Global Trade and Supply Chains: Globalization has led to intricate networks of trade and supply chains, enabling resource sourcing from various regions. This interconnectedness magnifies the environmental footprint of resource extraction and transportation.

Initiatives taken by the government

Governments worldwide undertake various initiatives to address natural resource management and environmental challenges:

• Legislation and Policies: Governments enact laws and policies to regulate resource extraction, land use, pollution control, and conservation efforts. Examples include the Clean Air Act (US), the Water Framework Directive (EU), and the National Green Tribunal (India).
• Protected Areas: Governments establish and manage national parks, marine sanctuaries, and reserves to preserve biodiversity and critical habitats. Notable examples include the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (Australia), Serengeti National Park (Tanzania), and Yellowstone National Park (US).
• International Agreements: Governments and the Convention on Biological Diversity enter international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement to coordinate actions related to sustainable development, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation.
• Investment in Renewable Energy: To lessen dependency on fossil fuels, governments promote renewable energy sources, including hydroelectric, wind, and solar power, through tax breaks, infrastructure development, and subsidies.
• Environmental Education and Awareness: Governments promote environmental education in schools, public awareness campaigns, and community engagement programs to foster a culture of sustainability and responsible resource management.
• Research and Innovation Funding: Governments allocate funds for research grants, technological innovations, and initiatives to develop sustainable practices, clean technologies, and conservation efforts.
• International Aid and Assistance: Governments provide aid and assistance to developing nations for capacity-building, technology transfer, and sustainable development projects related to natural resource management.
• Regulating Industries: Governments implement regulations and standards for industries regarding waste management, emissions, and sustainable practices to reduce environmental impact.

Case Studies

Here are a few detailed examples:

1. Costa Rica’s Conservation Efforts:

• Background: Agriculture and logging in the 20th century caused extensive deforestation in Costa Rica, posing a threat to its biodiversity and ecosystems.
• Initiatives: The country implemented policies focused on conservation and sustainable practices. It established a national park system, incentivized reforestation through payment for environmental services (PES), and promoted ecotourism.
• Results: The forest cover significantly increased as a result of these activities. By 2020, about 52% of the country’s land area was covered by forests, marking a reversal of deforestation trends. The emphasis on conservation also bolstered the tourism sector, contributing to economic growth.

2. Water Management in Singapore:

• Background: Singapore faced water scarcity due to its limited land area and dependence on neighboring countries for water supply.
• Initiatives: The nation invested in diverse water management strategies. These strategies include NEWater (recycled wastewater for drinking), desalination plants, and the development of reservoirs like Marina Barrage for water catchment.
• Results: Singapore achieved water self-sufficiency, reducing reliance on external sources. The innovative approaches to water management have made the country resilient to droughts and geopolitical uncertainties regarding water access.

3. Sustainable Fisheries in Iceland:

• Background: Overfishing threatened Iceland’s marine ecosystems and fishing industry.
• Initiatives: Iceland implemented a quota-based fisheries management system in the 1980s. It allocated quotas based on scientific assessments of fish stocks, promoted responsible fishing practices, and enforced strict regulations to prevent overfishing.
• Results: The fisheries management system led to the recovery of fish stocks and sustained the fishing industry. Iceland’s approach is lauded globally as a model for sustainable fisheries management.

4. Renewable Energy Transition in Germany:

• Background: Germany aimed to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and nuclear energy, transitioning towards renewable sources.
• Initiatives: The country implemented policies that encouraged the adoption of renewable energy, including the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), feed-in tariffs, and investments in solar, wind, and biomass energy.
• Results: Germany became a global leader in renewable energy production, with renewables contributing significantly to its energy mix. However, challenges related to grid infrastructure, costs, and intermittency persist.

5. Community-Based Conservation in Namibia:

• Background: Namibia faced threats to wildlife due to poaching and conflicts between communities and wildlife.
• Initiatives: Local communities were given the opportunity to manage wildlife and benefit from conservation-related activities, like ecotourism and sustainable hunting, through the establishment of community conservancies.
• Results: Community involvement reduced poaching, habitat preservation, and economic benefits for local populations. This approach empowered communities to become stewards of their natural resources.

The intricate tapestry of natural resources weaves the fabric of our existence. Urgent action is imperative to balance our insatiable demands with sustainable practices, ensuring a legacy of abundance for future generations. We can safeguard the Earth’s vitality by embracing conservation, sustainable technologies, and global cooperation. Our collective responsibility is to nurture and protect these invaluable resources, fostering a harmonious coexistence between humanity and the planet that sustains us.

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Natural Resources Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on natural resources.

Mother Nature has given us many wonderful gifts that not only help us to survive but also to live one life in a prosperous way. One of these gifts is a natural resource. Besides, these natural resources help us to make our life easy and comfortable. In addition, they are present in nature in abundance but many of them take time to regenerate.

Meaning of Natural Resources

A natural resource is not a complex thing basically we can say that everything that we get from nature is a natural resource. Whether it is the sunlight, water, coal, natural gases, minerals, and air. All these things come under natural resources.

Types of Natural resources

The categories and use of every natural resource are different but on a broader level, they are categorized into two categories namely renewable and non-renewable .

Renewable Natural Resources – These are those natural resources that are present in abundance and also renew easily. These include sunlight, water, air, soil, biomass, and wood. But among them, some resources take time to renew like the wood and soil .

In addition, they are derived from living things as well as non-living things. Those resources that we derive from living things are organic renewable resources and those, which we derive from non-living things, are inorganic renewable resources.

Non-Renewable Natural Resources – As the name suggests these resources do not get renewed easily like renewable resources. Also, they take many years to regenerate. These resources include coal, petroleum, natural gases, etc.

Besides, we also categorized into two groups organic and inorganic. The organic non-renewable resources form from the dead bodies of living things and include fossil fuel. While inorganic non-renewable resources form with the non-living things like the wind , minerals, soil, and land.

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Distribution of natural resources

The natural resources are unevenly distributed on the surface of the earth. In addition, the different regions of the surface are rich in different varieties of minerals or natural resources. While there are areas that receive an abundance of sunlight, on the contrary, there are areas that receive very little sunlight.

Similarly, some region has a lot of water bodies while others have minerals rich land . Above all, the main factor that influences the uneven distribution of resources is the land type and climate.

This uneven distribution is the major link that connects different countries and facilitates international trade between them. Moreover, it has some bad effects too because the countries rich in fossil fuels control and exploit the market as well as other countries that depend on them for the supply of fuel. Due to this, the rich countries are getting richer and poor countries are getting poorer.

In conclusion, we can say that the earth has a huge stock of natural resources and if we use them sustainably then we can easily save them as well as the planet for some extra time till we completely start using renewable resources. This will also reduce our dependence on non-renewable resources.

Besides, they are important for us because our existence depends on them. Also, we should use them wisely and avoid any 0kind of their wastage.

FAQs about Natural Resources Essay

Q.1 Name a renewable natural resource that we can use for many purposes? A.1 Sunlight is the renewable natural resource that we can use for many purposes like for making electricity, for cooking, heating, making salt from seawater, drying clothes and many more.

Q.2 What is the conservation of natural resources? A.2 Conservation of resources means saving the resources and using them sustainably. Also, it encompasses the quality and quantity of natural resources.

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Natural Resources

What are natural resources.

Natural resources can be defined as the resources that exist (on the planet) independent of human actions.

These are the resources that are found in the environment and are developed without the intervention of humans. Common examples of natural resources include air, sunlight, water, soil, stone, plants, animals and fossil fuels.

Table of Contents

Recommended videos, what are the different types of natural resources, difference between renewable and non-renewable resources.

• The 5 Most Important Natural Resources
• Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Based on the availability are two types of natural resources :

• Renewable:  resources that are available in infinite quantity and can be used repeatedly are called renewable resources. Example: Forest, wind, water, etc.
• Non-Renewable:  resources that are limited in abundance due to their non-renewable nature and whose availability may run out in the future are called non-renewable resources. Examples include fossil fuels, minerals, etc.

The 5 Most Important Natural Resources are:

• Air: Clean air is important for all the plants, animals and humans to survive on this planet. So, it is necessary to take measures to reduce air pollution.
• Water: 70% of the Earth is covered in water and only 2 % of that is freshwater. Initiative to educate and regulate the use of water should be taken.
• Soil: Soil is composed of various particles and nutrients. It helps plants grow.
• Iron: It is found as mineral silica and is used to build strong weapons, transportation and buildings
• Forests:  Forests provide clean air and preserve the ecology of the world. Trees are being cut for housing and  construction projects

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

What are the key natural resources.

Distribution of the world’s most important natural resources. Other resources include mineral resources such as copper, gold and diamonds, energy resources such as gas, oil, and uranium, as well as agricultural and logging land resources.

What are the uses of natural resources?

Minerals, forest products, water, and soil are just a few of the natural resources that human beings use to produce energy and make use of things. Within a few years or decades, certain natural resources can be replicated. These are referred to as renewable resources.

How do humans depend on natural resources?

Living things need the land’s water, air, and energy, and they live in places with the things they need. For all they do, humans use natural resources.

What are the characteristics of natural resources?

On Earth, it requires sunshine, air, water, land (including all minerals) along with all the plants, crops and animal life which live naturally on or within the characteristics and substances previously identified.

Does recycling save natural resources?

By sustainability, recycling also saves energy and natural resources. We can save natural resources by using materials more than once. Recycling saves trees and water in the case of paper. Growing up to 17 trees saves up to one ton of paper from recycled stock and uses 50 percent less energy.

To learn more download the Natural resources pdf

Natural Resources PDF

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• Conservation of Natural Resources Essay

Essay On Conservation of Natural Resource

Natural resources are the resources that occur naturally on Earth. It is an indispensable part of our lives. Natural resources consist of air, water, sunlight, coal, petroleum, natural gas, fossil fuels, oil, etc. However, humans have exploited these resources for their economic gains. Over usage of natural resources has caused depletion resulting in a huge impending threat to the existence of the human race. Conservation of nature means taking care and protecting these resources like forests, water bodies, natural gases, minerals, and fuels so that they continue to be available in abundance.

Long Essay On Conservation of Natural Resource

Conservation of nature means taking care and protecting these resources like forests, water bodies, natural gases, minerals, and fuels so that they continue to be available in abundance. Conservation refers to saving the resources for the use of the upcoming generation. There are enough natural resources which nature has provided to us. It is our duty to save them for our successors. For saving these natural resources we have to gain enough knowledge about that and should work in that direction. 

Natural resources are categorized into renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources can be replenished naturally. These include air, water, and sunlight. Non-renewable resources consist of coal, natural gas, and oil. These resources cannot be replenished by natural resources easily to keep up with consumption. It takes hundreds of years to recycle these resources. The usage of natural resources has been pivotal for the evolution of mankind. But his progress and development have led to the exploitation of these natural resources. This demands a responsible behavior of conserving the resources to ensure sustainability .If we do not use these resources judiciously then it can create an imbalance in the environment. Global warming, floods, climate change, famine, and drought are some of the consequences we will have to face in the future. So, conservation of natural resources has become the need of the hour. 

Water is the most important and valuable natural resource on Earth. It sustains all life. We use water for drinking, generating electricity, in agriculture for irrigation of crops, in many industries for manufacturing processes. Scarcity of water would cause loss of vegetation and to all plant life, erosion of soil. Forests determine natural vegetation for mankind. It is the major natural resource that helps in economic development. Their use in fuel, timber, and industrial raw material cannot be undermined. Moreover, forests help in the control of soil erosion and control floods

Fossil fuel is the most important natural commodity for everyday activities. Coal, oil, and natural gas produce a lot of energy. Governments and agencies of various countries are employing different measures to conserve nature. Children should be educated about the implications of the exploitation of the environment. Recycling and reusing of water will help reduce the rate of depletion of freshwater from the planet. Farmers must use modern techniques in agriculture like sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, dry farming, and rotational grazing, to save water. They should start the practice of rainwater harvesting. Conservation of natural resources is the need of the present and it is our duty to conserve them.

Alternative resources or renewable resources like solar energy or water energy should be used. Saving electricity can be a step to conserve natural resources such as water, coal, natural gases, and biomass. Basic practices like switching off fans, lights, geysers, and air conditioners must become a habit. The use of solar-powered lights and cars, using public transport, and regular car-pooling will reduce the depletion of coal, oil, and gas. Increase the use of biogas and biofuels. Paper is made from wood, which is a renewable natural source. Trees are being cut at a very high speed but take time to grow. To reduce the usage of paper, modern technology must be used. This will help in reducing the carbon footprint in the atmosphere. We must plant more and more trees to prevent deforestation. 

Dumping of industrial wastes into water bodies must be prevented to protect marine life. The practice of crop rotation techniques can be implemented to increase soil fertility. Burning fossil fuel emits a large amount of carbon dioxide that is responsible for the greenhouse effect. This must be controlled. It is important to realize that natural resources are limited and it is our social responsibility to protect and take care of nature. We need to rationally use these natural resources to maintain the environment and secure our future. Farmers must use modern techniques in agriculture like sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, dry farming, and rotational grazing, to save water. They should start the practice of rainwater harvesting.

What is Biodiversity Conservation?

Biodiversity refers generally to the richness of organisms. It can be defined as the variability of the species in a particular area. The conservation of biodiversity is essential for the balance of nature. We can divide conservation into two types based on their site of conservation.

These types are :

In situ Conservation

Ex-situ conservation

There are different types of conservation in environmental science. These are classified under two categories which are mentioned here. In- situ is generally a Latin word. In means inside and ex means outside. In situ is a type of conservation in which we conserve any of the species in its home itself. While ex situ refers to the type of conservation in which we conserve any of the species out of its residence.

In-Situ Conservation 

In in-situ conservation, we conserve any of the particular species in their natural habitat. It can also be called on-site conservation of genetic resources. It has various advantages over ex-situ conservation. It does not require any advanced technology for conservation. As we are storing any of the species into its natural habitat, it is also cost-effective. Moreover, scientific research is also possible in an in-situ environment. It is also easily adaptable. Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks are some examples of in-situ conservation. 

Ex-Situ Conservation

Ex-situ conservation is when we conserve any of the species out of the site of his residence. In other terms, it is the mode of conservation in which we conserve any particular species out of its habitat.  It helps to rescue the threatened species. In an ex-situ conservation, we can send a particular species to that area where proper natural resources are available for its conservation. Zoo, aquarium, zoological gardens, and botanical gardens are some examples of ex-situ conservation.

The advantages of ex-situ conversions is that it is an efficient way to increase the reproduction of threatened species and requires low maintenance.

Conservation of natural resources is the need of the future generation. It is our duty to conserve them for the future. Conservation of biodiversity is the most essential for the upcoming generations.  It is important to conserve natural resources to maintain the ecosystem and sustainability of these resources for our future generation.  Sustainable development is a theory which states that we should use our resources in such a way that it can also be conserved for our successors.

FAQs on Conservation of Natural Resources Essay

1. What are the types of Natural Resources?

There are two types of natural resources - Renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Renewable sources of energy are those which are inexhaustible in nature and keep producing more and more. Renewable sources of energy are present in nature with enough concentration . Other than renewable resources, non renewable sources of energy are present in limited quantities in nature and can end up due to their overuse.

2. Why is it important to conserve natural resources?

It is important to conserve natural resources to maintain the ecosystem and sustainability of these resources for our future generation. The concept of sustainable development is that we use our resources taking care of future generations. Using the resources in a sustainable manner can conserve the resources for our upcoming generations. For ecological balance , it is necessary that we keep balance in the nature of resources. As the natural resources are present in nature in limited quantities, their conservation is necessary. 

3. How do we reduce the consumption of fuel?

Use of solar powered cars, public transport, car-pooling, maintenance of vehicles periodically can reduce the consumption of fuel. We can also try non- conventional sources of energy. For example, we can produce electricity by hydropower plants and wind energy plants. Using non conventional sources of energy will reduce our dependence on fossil- fuels. Now, most of the countries are committing zero carbon emission and so implementation of new techniques for energy production becomes necessary in today's world. 

4. What modern techniques should farmers adopt to save water?

To save water, farmers should practice modern techniques like sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, rotational grazing, dry farming and rain water harvesting. These techniques not only reduce the water consumption but also are more effective for farming. Water harvesting is also one of the most effective techniques for saving water. It also fulfills our goal to attain sustainable development. Especially, in the areas of water shortage, water harvesting techniques can be very useful for farmers to grow the crop of their choice.

5. What are differences between in-situ and ex-situ conservation ?

In - situ conservation refers to the conservation of various species inside their own natural habitat. While , ex situ conservation involves the conservation of species outside of their habitat. In situ conservation requires less technological advancements and is more effective in increasing population of species. While, ex situ conservation involves less maintenance. Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks are examples of in-situ conservation, while aquarium and zoological parks are examples of ex-situ conservation. 

You can read on various topics about environmental science on Vedantu platform and also can download PDF. 

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natural resource

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• Open Washington Pressbooks - SFCC Introduction to Geography - Natural Resource Geography
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• natural resource - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

natural resource , any biological, mineral , or aesthetic asset afforded by nature without human intervention that can be used for some form of benefit, whether material (economic) or immaterial. What is considered a “resource” (or, for that matter, “natural”) has varied over time and from one society to another. Examples of assets that can be considered natural resources include forests , surface water and groundwater , and the fertile lands or the soil and minerals within them (rather than the crops that grow on them), as well as energy resources (such as petroleum , natural gas , and heated water [that is, geothermal energy ]) contained within layers of rock .

The practice of natural resource management considers the ways in which societies manage the supply of or access to the natural resources upon which they rely for their survival and development. Under some definitions, only those natural resources that can renew themselves and whose exploitation relies on their regenerative capacities properly necessitate management. For example, petroleum (oil) is not usually considered a subject of natural resource management, whereas forests are. The management of renewable natural resources seeks to balance the demands of exploitation with a respect for regenerative capacities. In contrast, the use, regulation, and protection of nonrenewable resources tend to fall under the auspices of natural resources law , which is made up of a complex body of national and local laws that have both statutory and common-law components.

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Natural Resources Essay | Importance | Download PDF

December 2, 2017 by Study Mentor Leave a Comment

All essential components that man usually exploits for better survival as well as for human welfare, are called resources. Since, all these necessary resources can be found in nature, these are called natural resources.  

Table of Contents

Categories of Natural Resource

Natural resources can be categorized into:  

Non-renewable or Conventional natural resources

These are present in fixed quantities and these resources once exhausted cannot be replenished easily. The natural process of recycling of resources takes a very long time.  

Renewable or Non-Conventional Natural resources

Renewable energy sources capture their energy from existing flows of energy, from ongoing natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes and geothermal heat flows. Renewable energy sources are pollution free and can be recycled in nature.

Most renewable energy other than geothermal and tidal power, ultimately comes from the Sun. Some forms are stored as solar energy, such as rainfall and wind power, which are considered short term solar energy storage, whereas the energy in biomass is accumulated over a period of months as in straw or roughly in many years as in wood.

Capturing renewable energy by plants, animals and human beings does not permanently deplete the resources. Renewable energy resources may be used directly or used to create other more convenient forms of energy.   

Non-renewable resources

Few of the nonrenewable resources include:  

It is formed in several stages as the remains of plants are subjected to intense heat and pressure over millions of years. It is a complex mixture of organic compounds with 30% to 98% carbon by weight plus varying amount of water and small amount of nitrogen and sulfur. Three different grades of coal are commonly extracted from the earth’s lithosphere – lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite.

Peat, which is the first stage of formation of coal, is not actually a coal. It is used for burning in some places but it has low heat content. The most desirable type of coal is anthracite, because of its high heat content and low sulfur content.

Coal is extensively used because of its high heat content, but it usually has a high sulfur content which makes it poisonous. Lignite is the poorest form of coal because of its low heat content. Reserves of lignite and sub-bituminous coal are about 30% smaller than the reserves of anthracite and bituminous coal.  

Crude oil or Petroleum is composed of more than a hundred different hydrocarbon compounds. The refining process separates crude oil into many different commercial products including gases, gasoline, heating oil, diesel oil and asphalt. Crude oil also contains petrochemicals that are the compounds used in the manufacture of fertilizers, plastics, paints, pesticides, medicines, etc.

Petroleum is formed by the decay of tiny marine plants and animals buried in the earth trapped between the layers of sedimentary rocks about 400 million years ago.

The high temperature and pressure of the layers above for a very long time convert gradually these organic debris to what we use today – the petroleum. It is pumped out by drilling holes and by off-shore oil rigs. Petroleum products include – Petroleum Gas (LPG), Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, Lubrication oil, Paraffin Wax, Asphalt etc.  

Renewable Resources

Few of the renewable resources include:  

The sun is the ultimate source for most other forms of energy. The heat of the sun can be trapped using solar panels to heat water or to convert it into electricity by means of photovoltaic cells. India receives about 6000 billion mega-watts of solar energy per year.

If only one percent of this energy could be trapped at even 10% efficiency, it would be about 35 times that of India’s present energy generation capacity. Until recently, the use of solar cells had been limited due to high manufacturing costs. However, the continual decline of manufacturing costs of solar cells is expanding the range of cost-effective applications.

Systems with no battery that connect to the utility grid through a special inverter now makes up the largest part of the solar electric market. Solar energy can be used for a number of applications like – Domestic lighting, street lighting, village electrification, water pumping, desalinization, powering of remote telecommunication repeater stations, railway signals, and many more.  

Wind, that is air in motion can be harnessed for energy and is one of the cleanest and most versatile natural resource that nature has bestowed upon mankind. It has been used as a source of energy for thousands of years for driving sailboats, grinding grain and pumping water.

Wind turbines that rotate at great speeds when wind blows over them are now used to generate electricity. The best models of electricity generation are the wind farms in Netherland. In India, wind is freely available along the coastline. India has a potential to generate about 45000 mega-watts of electricity from wind.

There are however problems associated with such wind energy farms that include but are not limited to – problems of disruption of television signals, discontinuous power and suspected interference with rainfall.  

Geothermal Energy

It comes from natural heat below the surface of the earth, where hot underground steam can be tapped and bought to the surface. Such geothermal sources have potential in certain parts of the world and about 8000 megawatts of power generation capacity is in operation globally.

There are also prospects in other areas for umping underground water to very hot regions of the earth’s crust and using steam thus produced to generate electricity.

Examples of these geothermal provinces in India are Bakreswar in eastern India, Tattapani in central India, Puga in northern India and Tuwa and Unai in western India. At present geothermal energy is produced in Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.  

These above mentioned natural resources are gifts of nature given to mankind. However, human beings in their pursuit of industrialization and progress have left no stine unturned for the indiscriminate exploitation of these resources.

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