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iGCSE Geography - Cambridge 0460 / 0978 - Theme 3: Economic Development - Full scheme of work with model answers, case studies

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28 August 2024

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Resources included (7)

3.6 Water - 2 double lessons - Cambridge iGCSE GEOGRAPHY 0460 & 0976 (Economic Development)

3.5 Energy - 2 double lessons - Cambridge iGCSE GEOGRAPHY 0460 & 0976 (Economic Development)

3.4 Tourism - 2 double lessons - Cambridge iGCSE GEOGRAPHY 0460 & 0976 (Economic Development)

3.3 Industry - 2 double lessons - Cambridge iGCSE GEOGRAPHY 0460 & 0976 (Economic Development)

3.2 Food Production - 2 double lessons - Cambridge iGCSE GEOGRAPHY 0460 & 0976

3.1 Development - Cambridge iGCSE GEOGRAPHY 0460 & 0976 (5 double lessons + TNC Nike case study)

3.7 Environmental Risks of Economic Development (Cambridge iGCSE) GEOGRAPHY - 3 double lessons

This is a complete unit of work for the Year 11 students completing their Cambridge iGCSE geography course.

There are 7 sets of resources for each of the sections within Theme 3: Economic Development.

I have followed the specification carefully and all lessons are complete with suitable case studies , plus relevant exam questions with mark schemes.

Each resource has learning objectives, starters, main activities, and summaries.

Questions have model answers to save teacher time and to make peer/self marking easier.

Skills required for Paper 2 are embedded, which means there is more time for revision and less time spent on Paper 2 practise before the exam season begins.

Theme 3: Economic Development 3.1: Development 3.2 Food Production 3.3 Industry 3.4 Tourism 3.5 Energy 3.6 Water 3.7 Environmental Risks of Economic Development

Books which support these teaching resources:

Complete Geography for Cambridge iGCSE and O Level. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198424956.

Cambridge iGCSE and O level Geography Coursebook. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN:9781108339186.

Watch this space for other resources. I have full schemes of work for Cambridge iGCSE geography. COMING SOON!

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A-Level Geography: A Complete Guide

Dr Rahil Sachak-Patwa

Thinking about taking A-Level Geography? You're not alone. A-Level Geography is an exciting subject that looks at both the physical world and human societies. It helps us understand how the Earth's landscapes, cities, and climates work. But what does studying Geography really involve, and is it the right choice for you? Is Geography A-Level hard, or is it a chance to learn more about our planet and how we live on it? In this guide, we'll take a closer look at what A-Level Geography covers, from rivers and volcanoes to cities and economies, and help you decide if it's the right subject for you.

What is Geography A-Level about?

A-Level Geography is an in-depth study that bridges the gap between the natural world and human societies. It's designed to equip students with a broad understanding of the Earth's processes, landscapes, and the environmental and societal challenges we face. It's a dynamic field that analyses and interprets the world in a way that is relevant to our current global issues.

• Physical Geography: Focuses on natural landscapes, processes, and phenomena. Think about why and how features like mountains, rivers, and climates shape our world.
• Human Geography: Examines the relationship between people and the environment. It delves into urban development, cultural patterns, and economic dynamics.
• Geographical Skills: Involves data interpretation, statistical analysis, and fieldwork, providing practical skills alongside theoretical knowledge.

Here is what an expert A-Level Geography tutor has to say:

"2023 compared to 2020 showed an increase of approximately 27% in the number of students choosing geography as a subject in their A-Level journery. This subject can open doors for students who want to pursue careers like environmental management, urban planning, GIS, and sustainability."

Experts in the field argue that studying Geography provides students with a unique perspective on world issues, from climate change to urbanisation, enabling them to understand and contribute to solutions in a meaningful way. With an emphasis on analytical skills, problem-solving, and critical thinking, Geography A-Level prepares students for a wide range of future paths, both academically and professionally.

Graph showing number of students who took A-Level Geography exams in the past 10 years in the UK

Is Geography A-Level hard?

The question of whether Geography A-Level is hard can be subjective, as it depends on individual strengths and interests. However, it is a subject that requires a blend of skills, including analytical thinking, essay writing, and data interpretation. According to a survey performed by TutorChase , educators and students ranked it as number 10 in the list of hardest A-Levels .

• Diverse Content: Students must grasp both physical and human geography, each with its own theories and data.
• Skills-Based Assessments: Beyond memorising facts, students need to analyse, evaluate, and apply geographical concepts to real-world scenarios.
• Coursework and Fieldwork: Practical assessments require independent research and data collection, challenging students to apply what they've learned outside the classroom.

Table showing A-level Geography grades distribution

Despite these challenges, many find Geography A-Level rewarding due to its relevance to current global issues and the practical skills it develops. Educational experts suggest that with the right approach and study habits, students can excel in Geography, making it a worthwhile option for those interested in understanding and addressing the complexities of our world.

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What concepts are in A-Level Geography?

A-Level Geography covers a wide array of concepts designed to provide students with a holistic understanding of our planet and its societies. The syllabus is carefully structured to balance physical and human geography, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of Earth's systems and human interactions with the environment.

Physical Geography Concepts:

• The Earth’s dynamics, including tectonic processes, weathering, and climate systems.
• Ecosystems and biodiversity, focusing on their development, significance, and conservation.
• Water and carbon cycles are vital to understanding environmental sustainability.

Human Geography Concepts:

• Population dynamics and urbanisation, analysing patterns, trends, and the implications for cities worldwide.
• Economic geography, including globalisation, trade, and development issues.
• Environmental challenges, considering human impact on the planet and strategies for sustainable management.

CIE A-Level Geography Syllabus

The CIE A-Level Geography syllabus delves into physical and human geography, focusing on current global challenges like climate change, to ready students for careers in environmental management and spatial analysis.

Table showing CIE A-Level Geography syllabus

AQA A-Level Geography Syllabus

The AQA A-Level Geography curriculum explores human and physical geography to address contemporary issues like sustainability and urbanization. It equips students with the skills for environmental solutions and geographical analysis, preparing them for careers in planning, conservation, and research.

Table showing AQA A-Level Geography syllabus

Edexcel A-Level Geography Syllabus

The Edexcel A-Level Geography course combines studies of landscapes, human activities, and global issues, focusing on sustainability and geographical analysis. It prepares students for careers in environmental and urban planning.

Table showing Edexcel A-Level Geography syllabus

Through engaging with these concepts, students not only gain knowledge but also develop skills in critical thinking, analysis, and problem-solving, applicable in a wide range of future careers. The A-Level Geography syllabus encourages learners to explore, question, and understand the complexities of the world around them, preparing them for further education and beyond.

What is the A-Level Geography exam structure?

The A-Level Geography exam structure is designed to assess students comprehensively on both the breadth and depth of the subject. It typically combines various forms of assessment to evaluate students' understanding of physical and human geography, their analytical skills, and their ability to apply knowledge to real-world scenarios.

• Written Examinations: These form the core of the assessment, featuring a mix of short-answer questions, structured questions, and essay questions. Exams test students on key concepts, case studies, and geographical theories.
• Coursework/Independent Investigation: Many exam boards require students to complete an independent investigation into a topic of their choice, demonstrating fieldwork skills, data collection, and analysis. This component allows students to explore an area of interest in depth and apply empirical research methods.
• Practical Assessments: Some boards include practical assessments or fieldwork evaluations, where students' abilities to conduct geographic research and apply theoretical knowledge in the field are tested.

CIE A-Level Geography Exam Structure

The CIE A-Level Geography exam includes written papers and coursework, covering human and physical geography. It involves essays, data response, case studies, and an independent investigation, testing analytical skills and practical fieldwork abilities.

Table showing CIE A-Level Geography exam structure

AQA A-Level Geography Exam Structure

The AQA A-Level Geography exam structure encompasses written papers focusing on both human and physical geography, including essays, data interpretations, and case studies. It evaluates students' understanding, analytical skills, and ability to apply geographical concepts, also incorporating coursework or an independent investigation for practical fieldwork assessment.

Table showing AQA A-Level Geography exam structure

Edexcel Exam Structure

The Edexcel A-Level Geography exam consists of written exams on human and physical geography, with essays, data analysis, and case studies. It tests knowledge, analysis, and application skills, including a practical coursework or fieldwork component for hands-on experience.

Table showing Edexcel A-Level Geography exam structure

These diverse assessment methods are important in developing a well-rounded geographic understanding. They prepare students not only for academic success but also for real-world problem-solving by fostering critical thinking and research skills. The exact structure can vary between exam boards, but the combination of written exams and coursework is a consistent feature, aimed at testing a wide range of skills and knowledge areas.

Choosing the Right Exam Board

Selecting the right exam board for A-Level Geography is crucial, as it can influence the topics you study, the style of assessment, and the resources available. The choice should align with your learning preferences, strengths, and future academic or career goals. The four main boards in the UK - CIE , AQA , Edexcel and OCR - each offer unique aspects to their geography syllabus.

• CIE: Recognised as the most popular choice globally, CIE offers an extensive and diverse syllabus that is well-regarded by universities and employers alike.
• AQA: In 2023, 14,450 students in the UK chose AQA for its comprehensive coverage of both physical and human geography, with a strong focus on contemporary issues.
• Edexcel: With 13,753 students in 2023 in the UK, Edexcel is known for its clear structure and support for independent investigation, making it a favourite for students interested in research.
• OCR: OCR, chosen by 5,316 students in 2023 in the UK, is praised for its innovative approach to geography, integrating traditional concepts with modern technological advancements in geographic information systems (GIS).

Considering the exam structure, the specific topics covered, and the availability of learning materials when choosing an exam board is important. It's also beneficial to discuss with teachers and peers who have experience with these boards to gain insights into how each aligns with your learning style and interests. Ultimately, the right exam board for you will offer a syllabus that not only interests you but also challenges and prepares you for future endeavours.

How do you get an A* in A-Level Geography?

Securing an A* in A-Level Geography requires a combination of diligent study habits, strategic exam preparation, and a deep understanding of the subject matter. Achieving this top grade is a testament to a student's hard work, comprehensive knowledge, and ability to apply geographic concepts critically and effectively.

• Consistent Revision: Regularly review course materials, focusing on both physical and human geography topics. Create detailed study notes that can easily be referenced closer to exam time.
• Practise with Past Papers: Familiarise yourself with the exam format and question types by practising past papers. This not only improves time management skills but also helps identify areas needing further study.
• Develop Strong Essay-Writing Skills: Many geography exams require essay responses. Practise writing clear, concise, and well-structured essays that include relevant case studies and examples.
• Seek Feedback: Regularly seek feedback on your essays and answers from teachers or tutors to understand where improvements can be made.
• Utilise Tutoring: Consider engaging with a specialist A-Level tutor to provide additional insights, clarify doubts, and offer personalised study strategies.
• Organise Study Groups: Collaborate with peers for group study sessions. This can be particularly beneficial for discussing complex topics and sharing different perspectives.

Graph showing grades distribution of A-Level Geography in UK 2021-2023

Incorporating a variety of study methods, including the utilisation of online resources and tutoring services, can significantly enhance understanding and performance, steering students towards achieving an A* in A-Level Geography.

Have a look at our comprehensive set of A-Level Geography Study Notes developed by expert A-Level teachers and examiners!

What are the best A-Levels to take with Geography?

Choosing A-Levels that complement Geography can enhance your understanding of the subject and broaden your future academic and career options. Geography's interdisciplinary nature means it pairs well with both sciences and humanities, offering a versatile pathway for students.

• A-Level Environmental Science: Builds on geographical themes of human impact on the environment, conservation, and sustainability.
• A-Level Economics : Provides insights into how economic factors influence and are influenced by geographic factors, such as globalisation and development.
• A-Level History : Enhances understanding of how historical events have shaped and continue to influence geographical landscapes and human societies.
• A-Level Mathematics : Useful for the statistical elements of geography, especially in physical geography and research methods.
• A-Level Biology : Complements the ecological aspects of geography, such as biodiversity and conservation.

Such A-Levels should be selected that not only align with your interests but also support your future ambitions. For students aiming for careers in environmental science, urban planning, or international development, these combinations can provide a strong foundation. Furthermore, universities often value the breadth and depth of knowledge that comes from studying complementary subjects alongside Geography.

Best A-Level Geography Resources

To excel in A-Level Geography, leveraging a range of resources is key. These should not only deepen your understanding but also keep you engaged and well-prepared for exams. Based on recommendations from educators and high-achieving students, the following resources are invaluable:

• Official Exam Board Materials: Begin with your exam board's resources, such as syllabus details, past papers, and examiner feedback.
• Textbooks and Revision Guides: Use current textbooks and revision guides approved by your exam board. Such examples include: " Geography for Cambridge International AS & A Level ", " AQA A-level Geography Fifth Edition ", " Pearson Edexcel A Level Geography Book 1 ", " Pearson Edexcel A Level Geography Book 2 " and " OCR A Level Geography Third Edition ".
• Online Platforms: Sites like Geography All the Way and Cool Geography offer extensive materials, including interactive activities and case studies.
• Documentaries and Podcasts: Supplement your learning with geography-related documentaries and podcasts, which can provide insights into contemporary geographical issues.
• A-Level Geography Q&A Revision Notes: High-quality Q&A revision notes can be particularly helpful for revision, offering a focused way to memorize key facts and figures.
• Online Tutoring: Consider online tutoring for personalised guidance and clarification of difficult topics. Platforms like TutorChase match students with subject experts.
• Study Notes: These high quality study notes can be particularly helpful for revision and memorising key facts and figures.

Experts advocate for a balanced study approach, incorporating both traditional materials and digital resources. This strategy not only aids in grasping complex theories but also makes learning more interactive and relevant to today's global challenges.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

A-Level Geography presents a set of common challenges for students, each with its own strategies for overcoming them. Recognising and addressing these issues early can significantly improve understanding and performance in the subject.

• Vast Syllabus: The extensive content in Geography can seem overwhelming. Tackling this requires breaking the syllabus into manageable sections and setting up a structured study plan. Regular review sessions and prioritising areas of weakness help ensure comprehensive coverage.
• Balancing Physical and Human Geography: Students often have a preference or strength in either physical or human geography, which can lead to an imbalance in knowledge. Engaging equally with both disciplines through diverse resources and applying real-world examples can enhance understanding and interest in the less preferred area.
• Data Interpretation and Analysis: Geography involves interpreting various data forms, which can be challenging. Practising with past paper questions and using online tutorials to improve skills in data handling and analysis can build confidence.
• Essay Writing: The requirement for structured, coherent essays under exam conditions can daunt many. Improving this skill set involves regular practise, seeking feedback, and studying high-grade exemplars to understand what makes an effective geography essay.
• Time Management in Exams: The breadth of topics covered means time management in exams is crucial. Practising past papers under timed conditions helps improve speed and decision-making about which questions to answer and how much time to allocate to each.

By addressing these challenges with targeted strategies, students can navigate the complexities of A-Level Geography more effectively, leading to a more rewarding and successful study experience.

Past Papers and Practise Questions

Using past papers and practise questions is essential for mastering A-Level Geography. This method goes beyond mere familiarity with the exam structure; it's an effective way to apply what you've learned, enhance time management skills, and pinpoint areas needing more focus.

• Accessing Past Papers: Exam boards offer a lot of past papers and marking schemes. Consistent practise with these papers can acquaint students with the question formats and the level of detail expected in answers.
• Practise Questions: In addition to past papers, various educational materials and textbooks provide practise questions. These are invaluable for testing knowledge on particular topics, honing essay-writing capabilities, and improving data interpretation skills.
• Feedback: Obtaining feedback on your responses is vital. Insight from teachers, tutors, or peer study groups can highlight ways to improve your answers and secure higher marks.

Early and regular engagement with past papers and practise questions is recommended. Incorporating these tools into your revision strategy can build confidence, alleviate exam anxiety, and significantly boost your performance in A-Level Geography.

What can you get with Geography A-Level?

Securing an A-Level in Geography opens up a lot of opportunities, providing a solid foundation for further education and various career pathways. This qualification enhances understanding of both physical and human geography, equipping students with analytical, research, and problem-solving skills that are in high demand across multiple sectors.

Pie chart showing gender distribution across A-Level Geography

Majors in Higher Education:

• Geography and Environmental Sciences : Direct progression to degrees in geography, environmental science, and sustainability studies.
• Urban Planning and Architecture : Understanding of human and physical geography supports studies in urban development and planning.
• International Relations and Development Studies : Prepares students with the global perspective necessary for careers in international development and diplomacy.

Career Paths:

• Environmental Consultant : Applying knowledge of physical geography to solve environmental problems.
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Specialist : Utilising technical skills in mapping and data analysis.
• Urban Planner : Planning and developing urban areas with a focus on sustainability and community needs.
• Teacher : Educating the next generation about the importance of geography and environmental awareness.

Skills Development:

• Critical Thinking : Evaluating information and arguments to make reasoned conclusions.
• Data Analysis : Interpreting and analysing geographic data for practical applications.
• Communication : Presenting complex geographic information clearly and effectively.

Pursuing A-Level Geography not only prepares students for academic studies in a range of related subjects but also furnishes them with a versatile skill set applicable in numerous professional fields, including environmental management, public policy, education, and beyond. This diversity of opportunities underscores the value of geography in fostering adaptable and globally aware individuals.

Conclusion on A-Level Geography

A-Level Geography offers a deep understanding of both our planet and the societies that inhabit it, teaching valuable skills like critical thinking and problem-solving. Recognised for its importance in addressing global challenges like climate change, it prepares students for a diverse range of careers, from environmental management to urban planning. This subject not only broadens knowledge but also provides practical skills applicable in many job sectors, making it a rewarding choice for students looking to make a positive impact in the world.

What GCSE grade do you need for A-Level Geography?

To study A-Level Geography, you'll generally need at least a Grade 5 or above in GCSE Geography. However, if you haven't studied Geography, some colleges might accept a Grade 6 in GCSE Physics, Chemistry, or Biology instead. Additionally, to take three A-Levels, you'll need at least 5 GCSEs at grades 9-4, including English at grade 5 or above and Maths at grade 4 or above. For four A-Levels, the requirement is at least 6 GCSEs at grades 9-6, including English at grade 5 or above and Maths at grade 4 or above.

What are the 5 main themes of geography?

The 5 main themes of geography are:

1. Location: Identifies the specific or relative position of something on Earth.

2. Place: Describes the physical and human characteristics that make a location unique.

3. Human-Environment Interaction: Explores how humans and the environment affect each other.

4. Movement: Looks at how and why people, ideas, and goods move from one place to another.

5. Region: Groups areas of the Earth into sections based on physical or human characteristics. These themes help us understand the world by organizing information into understandable categories.

Is geography a level science?

Whether geography is considered a science at A-Level depends on the universities and courses you're interested in. Some courses, like Geology at certain universities, accept geography as a science subject alongside traditional sciences like Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Maths. It's essential to check specific course requirements on university websites or contact them directly for clarification.

Can you do a level geography without GCSE?

Yes, you can do A-Level Geography without having studied it at GCSE . While having a background in Geography might provide familiarity with some concepts and terminology, it's not a prerequisite for taking the subject at A-Level. Students often find that the A-Level introduces many new topics not covered at GCSE, so starting without GCSE Geography won't put you at a significant disadvantage. Focus on strengthening your skills in maths and English, as these are important for success in A-Level Geography. For more detailed insight, visit Exam Tips.

How long does it take to complete A-Level Geography?

Completing A-Level Geography typically takes between 8 to 24 months , depending on your pace of study. It involves around 300 hours of study time to cover the syllabus comprehensively. This duration accommodates both part-time and fast-track study options, allowing flexibility to fit around other commitments or goals​.

Can I study Geography A-Level online?

Yes, you can study A-Level Geography online . Various educational providers offer comprehensive online courses that cover both physical and human geography, allowing you to study from home at your own pace. These courses are designed to be flexible, catering to both part-time and fast-track options, making it convenient for those who need to balance other commitments.

What field trips are involved in Geography A-Level?

A-Level Geography fieldwork often includes studies of diverse environments such as rivers, coasts, urban and rural areas, glaciated landscapes, and more. These field trips are designed to develop practical fieldwork skills using both quantitative and qualitative methods, enhancing understanding of geographical concepts and their real-world applications. The specific fieldwork activities are tailored to complement the curriculum, aiming to bring theoretical knowledge to life and support students in their independent investigations or Non-Examined Assessment (NEA) components.

How important are GIS skills in A-Level Geography?

GIS skills are increasingly important in A-Level Geography due to their effectiveness in visualising spatial information across various topics. They support inquiry-based learning, allowing students to explore and compare places, visualise landscapes, and display data. The National Curriculum and all A-Level specifications include GIS, recognizing its value for fieldwork and classroom learning. It's crucial for developing a range of geographical skills, from basic data viewing to advanced data analysis and visualisation.

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Written by: Dr Rahil Sachak-Patwa

Rahil spent ten years working as private tutor, teaching students for GCSEs, A-Levels, and university admissions. During his PhD he published papers on modelling infectious disease epidemics and was a tutor to undergraduate and masters students for mathematics courses.

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How to master A Level Geography 20-mark essay questions

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What should I do before attempting an A Level Geography 20-mark essay question?

Should i plan an a level geography 20-mark essay, how should i structure an a level geography 20-mark essay.

As we run up to exam season, many of you will now be completing your NEAs (non-examined assessment) and exam content, and starting to focus on exam technique. You may be thinking about how you will tackle the dreaded 20-mark essay questions . Essay questions are very much like marmite for students. Some love them as they get the chance to explore key geographic theories and showcase their knowledge and understanding, which may not be possible in lower-stakes questions. However, others may struggle to formulate their geographic ideas or structure them in a way that makes a convincing argument.

In my experience, all A Level geography students must be systematic and structured in the way they write their long-form answers. This approach ensures that students cover all the necessary content while also demonstrating the geographic skills that examiners are assessing.

Examiners use both AO1 and AO2 to evaluate students in essay questions. AO1 requires students to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of places, environments, concepts, processes, interactions and change at various scales. AO2 deals with the application of knowledge and understanding in different contexts to interpret, analyse, and evaluate geographical information and issues. The strongest students can produce answers that balance the two aspects in their responses. If you weigh your answers too far toward knowledge recall and simply state facts, figures, and case study knowledge without doing anything with the knowledge (this is where command words are essential), you will not be able to achieve the highest levels described in the level descriptors.

Before you attempt essay questions, I suggest you take a look at the mark schemes for some past paper questions. It is important to focus on the level descriptors as these are what the examiners will use to assess your answers. Pay attention to the language they use to describe what they are looking for, and when you start your attempts, consider whether your language and writing style match the descriptors. The exam board mark schemes are available on the PMT A Level Geography past papers webpage .

Another place to look before attempting essay questions is the assessed sample answers produced by the exam boards (e.g. AQA Paper 1 Hazards Example Responses ). These are available on the exam board websites and show a range of pupil responses to exam questions. They come with a helpful commentary that explains how the pupils gained marks, highlights the importance of a well-structured response, and provides insight into what examiners are looking for when assessing your answers.

Where to start – command words

As mentioned above, it is very important for students to be systematic in their approach to answering 20 markers. The first thing students need to understand is the command word . Without knowledge of what the command word means and what it is asking you to do, you will not be able to fully engage with the question. To find out the meaning of different command words , you should visit your exam board’s website and look in the specification.

Essay questions tend to use the command words “to what extent” or “assess” . According to AQA, if the question includes the “to what extent” command word, you should “Consider several options, ideas or arguments and come to a conclusion about their importance/success/worth”. On the other hand, if it is an “assess” question, you should “use evidence to weigh up the options to determine the relative significance of something. Give balanced consideration to all factors and identify which are the most important.”

BUG the question

Command words can help guide you in how to structure your answers and the skills you need to exhibit. During KS3 and KS4, you may have been told to BUG the question, where B stands for box the command work , U for underline key terms , and G for glance back at the question .

I would encourage all A Level students to continue to use this strategy, even for longer essay questions. It will help ensure that you are answering the question you are being asked, rather than the question you wish you were being asked.

Failure to prepare is preparing to fail.

It is crucial for all students to plan their essay writing before they start answering a question. An essay question requires you to write for a sustained period, and if you don’t have a clear plan for what you’re going to write, you may lose focus on your points and arguments and not fully answer the question.

I suggest that all A Level students write a brief plan before attempting the question . This plan should outline the introduction, including key terms to define and any case studies to introduce, the main argument in each of your paragraphs, and finally, the contents of your conclusion. Spending just five minutes on this will save you time in the long run and help keep you on track to answering the question fully.

A good structure is key to success in essay writing. A clear structure enables you to answer the question coherently and reduces the chance that you will lose the key focus of your points. All of the exam boards recommend following the structure outlined below:

Introduction

• Main body of the answer (three to four key arguments)

In academia, this is sometimes known as the hourglass essay . An hourglass essay starts with a big idea, narrows down to a specific question, and then widens back out to explain why that specific question is important in the grand scheme of things.

The introduction of your essay should account for approximately 10% of the total essay length , and it’s an excellent opportunity for you to impress the examiner. Your essay introduction should give a broad view of the essay themes and provide a definition of the key terms that you have underlined in your question. It is also the place to introduce a case study location . A strong start to your essay is crucial as it demonstrates to the examiner that you have a clear understanding of the geographic content you’ve been studying.

Once you have written your introduction, you can then get on to answering the questions. While the introduction mainly covers AO1 (knowledge and understanding of geography), the main body of your answer should cover both AO1 and AO2 (analysis and evaluation in the application of knowledge and understanding).

As before, the way you structure the main body of your answer is very important, and you must form your points clearly and coherently. During my teaching and tutoring, I have seen many ways of forming these arguments/points, but the two most effective methods I have seen are using PEEL or PEACE paragraphs .

• E xplanation
• A pplication

Everyone is different, and everyone has their unique writing style. My advice to all A Level students is to try both methods when beginning to tackle essay questions and determine which one works best for you. I would also recommend completing PEEL/PEACE paragraphs and asking for feedback from your teacher or tutor.

The main body of the essay should consist of three to four arguments that cover the views for the specific question. Those who can link back to the question but also between their paragraphs will have the best chance of performing well in their essay questions.

After completing the main body, you now need to finish your essay with a conclusion. Just like the introduction, this should be roughly 10% of the total essay length . The main aim of the conclusion is to bring your essay to a close and essentially answer the question you have been asked. In the conclusion, you should summarise your argument and avoid introducing any new information . It is simply a chance to express your own thoughts and opinions while bringing your essay to a close.

The quality of a conclusion is often a key indicator of the overall quality of an essay. Although it is a short section of the whole piece of writing, it provides a platform to showcase several important geographic skills such as analysis, summarising, and creating synoptic links .

Overall, it is very important that you give yourself enough time to complete your essay questions during your examinations and that you follow the structures discussed above. If you follow these guidelines, you will see an improvement in the quality of your essay responses.

If you’re in Year 13 and in need of additional help, PMT Education runs Geography A Level Easter Crash Courses for AQA and Edexcel . Whether you need support with exam technique or want to revise key sections of the syllabus with the help of an experienced tutor, these courses will equip you with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to excel in your summer exams.

Dave is a qualified teacher with 10 years of experience teaching GCSE and A Level Geography. He has worked as an assistant faculty leader for Humanities and a professional mentor for new and trainee teachers. He has also been involved with the supervision and guidance of NEAs. Dave currently works in higher education and trains geography teachers across the North West of England. He is also a tutor at PMT Education , with experience running highly successful geography courses .

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• Subjects You Are Ruling Out with your GCSE and A-level Options

Making the right choice of GCSEs and A-levels is essential, but it’s rarely an easy decision.

To make your decision even harder, you ideally need to be thinking years ahead to what you want to study at university. Some subjects open doors, and by not taking them, you could be limiting your options. If you’re not sure what it is that you want to do in future, ruling out possible options is best avoided. That’s why we’ve put together a guide to help you know which subjects you’ll be ruling out by not taking certain subjects at GCSE and A-level.

Your subject choices at GCSE will have a bearing on what A-levels are open to you, and this usually means that you need the GCSE in a particular subject to carry it on to A-level (this isn’t always the case, though, as there are some A-levels you can do without having the GCSE, such as Psychology or Law ). But GCSE choice can occasionally also have a bearing on what universities are open to you, even though offers are based on A-levels. Modern languages are tremendously helpful in the real world, as well as developing certain academic skills that you won’t pick up from other subjects. This is reflected in the fact that if you don’t take a language at GCSE, certain doors may close for you, or at least be made more difficult. For instance, UCL has a language GCSE requirement for all its degrees; applicants for any of its degrees are required to hold a language GCSE or to take extra classes while alongside their degrees. It’s worth checking the university’s general entrance requirements in addition to those for specific courses, to see whether or not you’re required to have a language GCSE for admission. To make life easier, it’s strongly recommended to take a language at GCSE.

Your choice of A-levels is much more important than your choice of GCSEs, because these are the subjects with which you’ll apply to university. For many subjects – particularly the sciences – most universities have strict entrance requirements when it comes to the A-level subjects they require you to have studied before they’ll accept you onto a particular course.

A general note about science subjects

Scientific degrees will usually require at least two science subjects at A-level, often the same subject as the degree plus at least one other science subject. While you’ll need the specific knowledge from studying the subject at A-level that you’re aiming to do at university, the scientific skills and mindset you’ll develop from additional science subjects will stand you in good stead. This doesn’t mean, however, that you necessarily have to do all science subjects at A-level if you want to study a science at university; a humanities subject as one of your options would add balance, as it’s an essay-based subject that develops different skills, demonstrating that you’re talented in many areas of academia.

If you don’t take Chemistry at A-level, it’s not just Chemistry degree courses that you’ll probably not be able to get onto. Without A-level Chemistry, you’re also going to find it much harder (if not impossible) to get onto a Medicine or Medicine-related course (such as Dentistry or Biomedical Sciences), for which you’re probably going to need to pair Chemistry with Biology at A-level. A-level Chemistry is also essential if you want to study Biochemistry or Chemical Engineering, and many universities may require it in order for you to study Biology. Some Geography, Geology or Earth Sciences degree courses may require a mix of science subjects, and Chemistry can be one of them.

• Mathematics and Further Mathematics

As well as being vital for studying a Mathematics degree (or variations thereupon), Mathematics is frequently considered highly desirable if not essential for virtually all science subjects, including Chemistry, Medicine, Dentistry, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Computing, Geology, Earth Sciences and Engineering . It’s also often essential for Economics, or Business -related degrees, while some science degrees, such as Geography or Psychology, may require additional science subjects, and Mathematics can be one of them. Further Mathematics is, to all intents and purposes, essential for Physics, Mathematics and sometimes Chemistry degrees, and if you don’t have it, you’d likely struggle doing these subjects at university and may end up having to take additional maths classes while you’re there (if you manage to get a place without it). It’s also highly recommended for many Engineering and Computing degrees.

By not taking Physics at A-level, it goes without saying that you’re not going to be able to take this subject at degree level. You’re also effectively ruling out Engineering, and Materials Science. Furthermore, Physics is very useful for Earth Sciences and Mathematics degree courses. Some courses ask for additional science subjects, such as Geography, Biomedical Sciences, Medicine, Dentistry and so on; Physics is an acceptable A-level to take to prove your scientific credentials for these subjects.

Biology (and Human Biology)

As a science, A-level Biology is a good qualification to have as one of a range of science subjects for scientific degree courses. As well as being essential for Biology degrees (which will likely accept either Biology or Human Biology A-levels), it’s highly desirable for Medicine, Dentistry and all Biology-related subjects (such as Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences). Its ideal partner is Chemistry, and many universities are likely to require both for the aforementioned courses. Other science-based degree courses, such as Geography, may require additional science subjects, and this can be one of them; Psychology degrees also have a Biology component, for which Biology at A-level would be useful (it’s unlikely to be a requirement, though).

Most Geography degree courses require A-level Geography, but surprisingly, it’s not always essential. It’s also very useful for Geology and Earth Sciences degree courses, as A-level Geology isn’t usually taught in schools and the Geography course teaches you about the earth processes you’ll learn about at university.

A general note about humanities subjects

Beyond the fact that universities often require you to have studied the degree subject at A-level (for instance, A-level History for a history degree), the entrance requirements are generally less stringent when it comes to the A-level subjects required for humanities degrees. If you’re aiming to do a humanities subject at university, you’ll need a range of such subjects at A-level. The humanities subjects are generally more essay-based, cultivating a particular set of skills without which you’re not likely to succeed in applying for a university course in one of these subjects. Let’s take a look at the main humanities subjects individually to see what degree courses they’ll particularly help you with.

English Literature, English Language and English Language and Literature

These are three different A-levels, and it’s worth noting that for an English Literature degree, it’ll almost certainly be necessary to have A-level English Literature or A-level English Language and Literature rather than A-level English Language. While essential for English degrees, any of these A-levels will come in useful for other essay-based humanities subjects that involve analysis and interpretation, such as History, Classics and Classics-related subjects and Religious Studies. Any of these English A-levels will also be useful for Foreign Languages, as they all require the analysis of language.

Most History degree courses require History at A-level, but not all of them (Oxford University, for example, lists it as “Recommended” rather than “Essential”), so if you don’t take History at A-level, you’re not necessarily completely ruling it out as a degree option. It’s also useful – but not always essential – for other history-related subjects, such as Archaeology, Classical Studies, Music (for the History of Music element of this subject) and History of Art. History is an essay-based subject, so it’s also useful for any other essay-based degrees, such as English.

Foreign Languages

It’s essential to have at least one language at A-level if you want to study any foreign language at university, but they come in useful for other subjects even if they’re not required. If you’re looking to study part of your course abroad, you may also be required to have an A-level in the language spoken in that country. Modern Languages are also helpful for English Language and/or Literature degrees, and, though not a requirement, they can come in useful for a number of other degrees simply because they give you access to scholarship in other languages, which often isn’t available in translation.

Classical Civilisations

Not many schools offer this subject, so you’re not required to have studied it in order to get onto a course in a related subject, such as Ancient and Modern History, Classics or Classical Archaeology. However, if your school does offer it, and you’re thinking of doing one of these subjects, it would certainly provide a useful foundation upon which to build at university. It would also be a relevant A-level to have if you want to study any History degree, though it wouldn’t be essential. As an essay-based subject, it will stand you in good stead for any humanities degree.

Latin and/or Greek

Again, not all schools offer these subjects, so they probably won’t be essential to get onto a Classics course of some kind at university; most will offer ab initio courses for those without them. However, if you don’t have either of these subjects and you intend to pursue one or other of these languages as part of a Classics course at university, you might have to attend a Latin or Greek summer school the summer before you go to university to get you up to speed. Latin or Greek would also be a useful additional language for those wishing to study English or Modern Languages, and it may also prove useful background to History or Ancient History degrees.

A-level art is either essential or highly recommended for studying an Art-based degree, such as Fine Art, History of Art or Art and Design. It’s a subject that involves making use of your creativity, so you may also find the skills you learn in A-level Art useful for other creative degree subjects, such as Music or Drama.

A-level Music is essential if you want to do a Music degree, and you’ll also need to be proficient in at least one musical instrument. Grade VII would be an absolute minimum, but you’re likely to be competing with students who play at Grade VIII level and above. If piano isn’t your main instrument, it will also be very useful to have Grade V or above in piano in addition to your other instrument.

If you’re not sure what you want to study at university yet

Up to now, this article has more or less assumed that you have a rough idea of what you’re going to be studying in the long term. We’ll end with a few words of advice for those of you who currently have no idea what you might want to study at university, so that you can ensure you don’t rule out too many potential choices. In cases like these, your best bet is to keep your options open by taking a mix of humanities and science A-level subjects. If possible, choose at least two ‘facilitating subjects’, as these are the subjects most often required, and are the most widely respected. They’re summarised here as:

• English Literature
• Languages (Classical and Modern)

To demonstrate as many skills as possible, and keep as many possible course options available to you as you can, try to choose A-levels that each demonstrate different talents rather than choosing two or more that are closely related, such as Maths and Physics. To give you an example, you could choose English Literature, a Foreign Language and Chemistry at A-level with an AS-level in Mathematics. This would demonstrate your essay-writing and linguistic abilities as well as giving you strong scientific skills with two subjects that are frequently required for science degrees. It’s also advisable to pick subjects towards which you feel a natural interest, as you’ll find it easier to succeed in subjects you’re genuinely curious about.

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• Revision notes >

A-Level Geography Revision Notes

By offering clear explanations and illustrative diagrams, these A-Level Geography revision notes will empower you to focus on essential content, which will enhance your understanding and aid retention. They provide a structured framework for revision, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, making sure you don’t miss a topic.

Explain how each of the altitude and oceanic circulation influence climate (10 Marks)

How are earthquakes caused at destructive plate boundaries, what are positive and negative feedback loops, what is the best way to structure answers to evaluation questions (24 marks), how can i revise for the a-level geography exams when there is so much to learn.

Start by organizing your revision materials into separate folders or notebooks for each subtopic, such as climate change, urbanization, or plate tectonics. Create concise summary notes for each subtopic, highlighting key concepts, case studies, and relevant data. Use mind maps to visualize connections and relationships between geographical concepts. Practice past paper questions to hone your application of knowledge and improve your exam technique.

How can I enhance my critical analysis and evaluation skills for the essay-based questions in A-Level Geography exams?

To improve critical analysis, practice constructing well-structured essays. Begin with a clear introduction that outlines your main argument or thesis statement. In each paragraph, employ the SEEC structure (Statement, Evidence, Explanation, Critique) to present your points, providing evidence and reasoning. Consider contrasting viewpoints and different geographical theories to demonstrate critical thinking. Incorporate relevant case studies and empirical evidence to strengthen your arguments.

How can I remember geographical data and statistics for A-Level Geography exams, given the vast amount of information to cover?

Utilize memory aids like flashcards or mnemonic devices to remember specific data points, such as population figures, climate data, or economic indicators. Create summary tables or charts to condense large datasets into manageable formats. Practice data interpretation by analyzing maps, graphs, and statistical trends. Incorporate geographical data into your revision notes and essays to reinforce your understanding and retention. Engage in regular data-based exercises to improve your data-handling skills and prepare for data-focused exam questions.

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How do you write a great A-Level Geography essay answer?

Exams can be a stressful and nerve-wracking experience, especially when it comes to essay questions. As a student taking A-Level Geography, you may be feeling the pressure of writing a well-structured and thought-out essay for your exams. After all, they’re worth a lot of marks. However, don’t worry! With the right approach and preparation, you can easily tackle essay questions with confidence. Here is my method of approaching any A-Level essay question…

1. Read the question thoroughly!

You’ll have heard this time and time again from your teachers but this cannot be stressed enough! It’s important to read the question carefully and make sure you understand it. Take a few moments to think about what the question is asking and what points you should cover. Highlight keywords or phrases that will help you focus your answer.

Follow along with how I have highlighted this example question.

In this example, I have highlighted the key terms of the question. I want to figure out exactly what the examiner will be looking for and how I can be in with a chance of gaining all of the marks.

Within a few words, I know that the examiner is looking for my answer to be backed up by my case study material and I MUST reference it to get marks.

EVALUATE – means that in my answer I should be weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of the key terms and my answer should have a conclusion of if the management is beneficial or needs improvement.

If you know you will not have time to finish your answer to an ‘evaluate’ question it is important that you skip straight to the conclusion – no matter how short it will be. The examiner is looking for a conclusion in these answers regardless of the rest of the content and so you will gain marks even if it is not your best work!

Finally, I have highlighted the key information that I am being asked for. The question wants me to discuss both the PREPARATION and RESPONSE and so I need to include both in order to get a high mark for the answer. This question is only looking at the management of VOLCANIC activity. By reading the question carefully I am ensuring I do not waste precious time talking about unnecessary ideas.

2. Quickly plan your essay out.

Once you’ve read the question, take a minute to brainstorm some ideas. Make sure to jot down any relevant information, facts, and figures that you definitely want to use in your essay. This will help you to get your thoughts in order and make writing your essay a lot easier.

Make it clear on your exam paper what you do not want to be marked! If you have scribbled a quick plan on your page be sure to go back through and put a big X through it and write in capital letters – PLAN.

You really do not want to waste too much time on this as the allotted time for the paper is tight enough! A quick outline of a few statistics that you have in your head and do not want to forget along with what you have highlighted in the question should be enough to see you through!

3. Don’t forget to use evidence in Geography essays.

When writing an essay for A-level Geography, it’s important to back up your points with evidence. This evidence comes from your case study material and the resources given to you in the exam paper. You should ideally know your case studies inside out before your exam and if you struggle to remember everything then choose the shorter facts to memorise! Make sure to give as many facts, figures, or statistics as you can in your essay. This will help to demonstrate your understanding of the subject and support your arguments.

4. Proofread your Geography essay – if you have time!

Once you’ve finished writing your essay, take a few minutes to proofread it. You should only look back at what you have written after you have finished all of the other questions. Check for any spelling or grammatical errors and make sure that your points are clearly laid out. This will help you to present your best work and ensure that you get the marks you deserve.

Don’t worry if it’s messy! If you want to add more information that you think will genuinely gain more marks, don’t be scared to mark asterisks and carry on at the end of the essay or use arrows with more information at the side. Geography is one of the few A-Levels which is still marked in person, on paper and is not scanned in so you can afford a little bit of untidiness.

Finally…

If you find that the stress of the exam is having an impact on your writing skills it’s important to try and fix it as soon as possible. Essays can be daunting, but continued practice will help you to improve your speed. You’ll also begin to grasp what the examiner wants to see in your answer and know which parts aren’t necessary.

Here is a post you may find useful on exam stress:

Top 5 Ways of Calming Exam Anxiety

To sum up…

By following these steps, you can approach essay questions in A-Level Geography exams with confidence. With the right preparation and practice, you can easily write an essay that will impress the examiners and help you to get the grade you want. Good luck!

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Charlotte is the founder of The Geo Room. She is a Geography University Student with a passion for travel and combines her love for Geography and travelling right here on The Geo Room. As an expert in both fields, Charlotte shares tips and tricks to do with both Geography and travel to help readers understand more about the world we live in, and how to make the most of travelling around it.

Arts Sciences

• Preferred A Levels

Preferred UK GCE A Levels for Arts and Sciences

• Subjects marked with an asterisk (*) will only be counted as an essay-based subject if there is a minimum 50% essay-based or written response assessment as part of the overall award. This may vary by exam board so please contact us if you have any queries about this.
• Mathematics and Further Mathematics can be considered as two separate A Levels.
• If a student takes an A Level in their native language, it is at the discretion of UCL as to whether this will be considered as a 'humanities' A Level for the purposes of Arts and Sciences (BASc). Please contact us if you have a specific query.

How to pass A-Level Geography

Geography A-Level works best if you have a strong interest in the subject. This is because as an A-Level, it's a demanding area of study and to pass it, you need to show you are adept at writing essays, analysing data and explaining a range of ideas from erosion to globalisation and ecology. Here's what will help you pass.

Revise a wide background of information

As in revise, all the glossary definitions in physical and human geography also have a good stable of case studies with important facts and figures under your belt. This kind of revision is essential for essays and will help you score maximum marks in your exam. Without this knowledge, examiners won't feel you truly understand the subject, so don't miss out on the basics.

Go beyond your reading list

What really helps you pass Geography A-Level is to expand your knowledge of geography by going beyond your reading list. Further knowledge of all the themes you are studying, from ecology to geopolitics, social justice to migration, benefits your reasoning and your essay writing skills. This is because examiners don't want you to focus on the topic in a question but link it to the wider concepts in geography at the same time.

To help yourself to this, read current books on the topic areas, listen to podcasts by thought leaders in the field and read the latest opinion pieces and articles on interest areas.

For podcasts, try A Very Spatial Podcast and Geographical Imaginations ; both are excellent podcasts that will expand your understanding.

For blogs, try Spatial Machinations by Sam Kinsley and Geography Realm , an information site about all things around physical and human geography, as well as guides for learning about geography.

Also, look at New York Times Geography , a space on NYTimes where readers can exchange informed commentary around geography.

Practice your essay writing skills

Knowing how to write a strong, clear geography essay is essential if you're aiming for a high mark in this subject. What will help here is to first practice writing detailed essay plans. Look at past papers and from these create a series of detailed essay plans with an introduction and conclusion and a balanced argument complete with case studies.

Practice doing this as much as you can and when you are ready try writing some full essays in time conditions. The aim here is to do this enough that eventually you can turn any plan into a perfectly timed, well thought out essay.

Use past papers and the examiners' report

While there haven't been actual exams for the last two years, it's still vital to look at past papers. Not only do they show you how questions are phrased but also how marks are awarded. This alongside the examiners' report, which has a detailed commentary on the whole exam paper, followed by an analysis of the paper question by question. It also has valuable insight into the common elements of success and which approaches served candidates best.

Work with a geography tutor

The benefit of a geography tutor is not just to guide you in the right direction but to also help you formulate opinions and show you how to implement these within essays. They can also help with analysing data and core geographical skills such as the reading of maps and diagrams and analysis of photographs.

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The 10 Most Respected A-Level Subjects – Ranked for 2024

In A-Level by Think Student Editor January 1, 2021 17 Comments

Figuring out which A-Level subjects to choose can be difficult as there are so many things you may need to consider. This includes what subjects you’re good at, what subjects you enjoy as well as what subjects can help with future applications. If you’re not quite sure what you want to do next, it can help to pick A-Level subjects that keep your options open. One way to do this is to choose from subjects that are perceived as being the most respected A-Levels.

Be advised.   The information that this ranking is based off is explained at the end of this article. Please understand that this list is not definitive. Perception of an A-Level subjects’ respectability is highly subjective. Your opinion may differ from the ranking displayed in this article. Please vote in our poll to have your say. We try our best to update these rankings as often as possible.

Most respected A-Levels: Student Perception

Below you can find the visualisation A-Level subject difficulty rankings (top – most respected, bottom – 13 th most respected).

(*) Perception of which A-Levels are most respected voted by students. You can learn more about how we collected this data at the end of this article.

Continue reading to learn more about which subjects students feel are the most respected. This article will outline the top 10 and give you some insight into why students may have chosen these subjects.

10. A-Level English Language

2.45% of the poll considered A-Level English Language as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 10th place.

In A-Level English Language, students learn about the linguistic side of the English language. This will be done through analysing and evaluating different texts, as well as studying how children develop language and the different varieties of English that are spoken.

Students may consider A-Level English Language as one of the most respected A-Levels due to it being a core subject and allowing you to develop many transferable skills. These include writing skills and critical thinking skills, both of which would likely be useful for any degree that you may want to study or a range of jobs.

To learn more about A-Level English Language and why students may consider it one of the most respected A-Levels, check out this Think Student article .

9. A-Level Foreign Languages

3.87% of the poll considered A-Level Foreign Languages as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 9th place.

A-Level Foreign Languages refers to a wide range of different language A-Levels that you can take. The most popular of these are in French, Spanish and German but you may also be able to take A-Levels in Italian, Mandarin and other languages. Unlike at GCSE, students don’t just study the grammar and vocabulary of a language but also the culture of where the language is spoken.

A-Level Foreign Languages may be considered one of the most respected A-Levels as language skills are a great skill to have. This is especially as the world is becoming increasingly globalised and more companies are operating on an international scale. This means that A-Level Foreign Languages can give your CV a great boost as people with language skills are increasingly being sought after.

To learn more about the benefits of studying languages, check out this Think Student article .

A-Level Foreign Languages may also be considered one of the most respected A-Levels as it is valued by universities. This is because both A-Level Modern Languages and A-Level Classical Languages are considered facilitating subjects. Facilitating subjects were subjects that the Russel Group universities considered to be good A-Level options, although this is no longer used, they show which subjects the top universities respect most.

To learn more about A-Level Foreign Languages, check out this article by CIFE.  For more on facilitating subjects, check out this guide by The Uni Guide.

8. A-Level Biology

4.9% of the poll considered A-Level Biology as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 8th place.

In A-Level Biology, students continue their learning of biology and how organisms function. This includes topics on cells, energy transfer in organisms, ecosystems, gene expression and more. To learn more about these, check out this page by AQA.

Students may consider it one of the most respected A-Level subjects as it is one of the main science subjects. Due to this, A-Level Biology is often a requirement for studying science subjects when continuing education, particularly for degree subjects such as Medicine or Biomedical Sciences.

Also, as a largely academic subject, A-Level Biology was also one of the facilitating subjects, as mentioned above, showing that universities respect it highly. To learn more about why students may consider A-Level Biology one of the most respected, check out this article by Online Learning College.

7. A-Level Psychology

5.16% of the poll considered A-Level Psychology as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 7th place.

In A-Level Psychology, students learn about the mind and behaviours. A-Level Psychology students will particularly study topics such as attachment, memory, social influences and research methods in psychology. To learn more about the A-Level Psychology course, check out this page by AQA.

It may be considered one of the most respected A-Level subjects as it is both one of the sciences and an essay-based subject. This means that the course will allow you to develop a wide range of skills that are favourable to university study and employment. These include critical thinking and analysis as well as strong research skills. To learn more about this, check out this article by Learn Direct.

Students may also consider A-Level Psychology as one of the most respected as the subject of psychology is largely on the rise in both popularity and status. In 2023, A-Level Psychology was the 2nd most popular A-Level course and the most popular degree subject. For more on these A-Level and degree popularity rankings, click here and here to see their respective Think Student articles.

6. A-Level English Literature

6.13% of the poll considered A-Level English Literature as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 6th place.

In A-Level English Literature, students study a range of texts such as poetry, plays and novels from different time periods. Similarly to GCSE, these texts will be analysed by looking at different themes, characters and features of the novels themselves.

A-Level English Literature may be considered one of the most respected A-Levels due to the skills you can gain from it. This is particularly as it can enable you to develop writing and debating skills, both of which can be absolutely crucial for various degree subjects.

Improving your written communication skills is also important for working environments. To learn more about why A-Level English Literature might be considered one of the most respected, check out this Think Student article.

Also, A-Level English Literature is highly regarded by the top universities for students taking a humanities course. To learn more about this, check out this page by Trinity College of the University of Cambridge.

5. A-Level Physics

6.51% of the poll considered A-Level Physics as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 5th place.

In A-Level Physics, students will advance their scientific study of physics, specifically covering areas such as electricity, waves, mechanics, nuclear physics, radiation and more. To learn more about this, check out this page by AQA.

It may be considered one of the most respected A-Level subjects as once again, it is one of the main scientific subjects. This means that it will often be a requirement for science-based degree programmes, particularly ones like Engineering and Astrophysics.

This may make students consider it one of the most respected as it is valued by universities and can be a useful A-Level to have. To learn more about this, check out this article by Online Learning College.

4. A-Level History

6.71% of the poll considered A-Level History as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 4th place.

In A-Level History, students study specific areas of history in-depth and develop their critical thinking and analysis skills in order to evaluate how reliable historical sources and interpretations are based on their context and wider information. The exact historical topics that are studied will depend on the exam board and what your school has chosen.

To learn more about what is studied in A-Level History, check out this Think Student article .

A-Level History may be considered one of the most respected A-Level subjects as it allows you to develop key analytical, evaluative and debating skills, which could prove to be useful in a range of humanities degrees and career paths. A-Level History is often regarded as a good basis for prestigious degree options, such as for studying a Law degree.

Similarly to A-Level Foreign Languages, as mentioned above, A-Level History was also on the list of facilitating subjects, showing that it is also highly respected by top universities. To learn more about all this, check out this guide by CIFE.

3. A-Level Chemistry

7.67% of the poll considered A-Level Chemistry as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 3rd place.

In A-Level Chemistry, students will advance their studies by learning about more in-depth and advanced chemistry concepts. Students will cover organic, inorganic and physical chemistry split up into topics such as spectroscopy, thermodynamics, isomerism and more.

To learn more about the A-Level Chemistry course, check out this Think Student article .

It is considered one of the most respected A-Level subjects as it is another one of the main science subjects. This means that it is often a compulsory subject in order to study degrees, such as Chemical Engineering and Pharmacology.

As one of the main sciences, it is also one of the facilitating subjects as mentioned above, meaning that it is highly respected by universities. To learn more about this, check out this article by Online Learning College.

2. A-Level Further Maths

22.37% of the poll considered A-Level Further Maths as the most respected A-Level. This puts it in 2nd place with substantially more of the poll considering it the most respected A-Level than for the previous ones.

A-Level Further Maths is one of the hardest A-Level subjects, in which students learn about much more advanced mathematical concepts. To learn more about this, check out this Think Student article .

Due to its difficulty, students may consider it one of the most respected A-Levels as doing well on it shows off exceptional academic and mathematical ability. As 39.7% of students got an A*, much more than the average across subjects, A-Level Further Maths may also be respected as it shows off dedication and commitment to the subject.

For scientific or mathematical degree paths or career options, this can be incredibly useful. To learn more about this, check out this Think Student article . For more on this statistic, check out this page on Ofqual’s website.

1. A-Level Maths

29.59% of the poll considered A-Level Maths as the most respected A-Level, putting it in 1st place.

In A-Level Maths, students will advance their mathematical studies, with particular focus on the main areas of pure maths, statistics and mechanics with each having their own topics. Some of these topics may include integration, kinematics, forces, statistical hypothesis testing, logarithms and differentiation. To learn more about A-Level Maths, check out this page by AQA.

A-Level Maths may be considered one of the most respected A-Levels due to it being so challenging. This is because it shows that students have advanced and specific mathematical knowledge. This can be useful for a range of degree options, particularly ones with a scientific basis, such as Physics, and even some social sciences, such as Economics.

To learn more about why students may consider it one of the most respected subjects, check out this article by Bright Young Things.

• Health and Social Care
• Physical Education
• Classical Subjects
• Media/Film/TV Studies
• Design and Technology
• Art and Design Subjects
• Further Maths
• English Language
• English Literature
• English Language & Literature
• Computer Science
• Foreign Languages
• Religious Studies
• Performing/Expressive Arts

How were these rankings decided?

Over the past few years, we’ve asked thousands of students what their opinion is on the most respected A-Level subject. When we refer to student polling, we are referencing the results of these polls. If you wish to add your vote to the list, please navigate to the questionnaire above.

How was the polling data collected?

Between January 2021 and January 2023, we displayed a poll on this page which prompted readers to vote on which A-Level subject was the most respected. Within this timeframe, we collect 1,551 votes, excluding submissions that were disregarded from the data set due to formatting issues or other errors.

Listed below are some key limitations of our polling methods that could’ve swayed results:

• Static ordering of subjects on voting form: A previous iteration of our survey form listed A-Level subjects in the same order each time. It could be argued that this would favour the subjects that were listed at the top. This issue has been fixed in our updated voting form below.
• Voting form displayed only a subset of A-Level subjects:  Previously, only a small selection of A-Level subjects was displayed on the survey. We have since expanded the size of this selection on the voting form.
• Potential bad actors:  Despite having anti-spam software in place, it is possible repeated entries were made by single individuals. With respect to privacy, we don’t ask for more information than we need and as a result, it is almost impossible to identify submission users to check if they are unique.

This article is a member of a series of A-Level ranking articles listed on this site. If you find our data and analysis within this article helpful, you may also wish to take a look at our other articles below:

• The 10 hardest A-Level subjects
• The 10 easiest A-Level subjects
• A-Level combinations that universities love

i thought there were supposed to be 10

You don’t learn a language at school, full stop!

Psychology over physics, yep this top 10’s a bunch of crap

IKRRRR. Physiology is easy as well. Physics is well…. You get it.

MAN SAID PSYCHOLOGY IS EASY LOOOOL – what exam board do you do

what about computer science?? Literally so many people graduating from ivys and russel groups major in computer science>

yeah but even for computer science degrees you dont really need the subject

geography is not on there but languages are bruh

Learning foreign languages is important.

But geography is not that hard so it isn’t respected compared to maths or psychology

Oxbridge and RG would not like Psychology

Geography is missing here, it’s another Oxbridge and RG winning ticket. English Language is not

English language is hard and respected geography is not that difficult so it is not respected

Yes English Language is an RG wining ticket, geography is not unless you want to do geography at uni or should I say colouring in

neither of them are up there lmao. hardest a levels by far are maths and sciences (bio, chem, physics ONLY), then philosophy and history

Top tier: Further Maths, Maths, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Foreign Languages, with English Lit rounding it out — they’re the hardest, most useful, and most respected. — 2nd tier that are hard, useful, and respected to varying degrees: History, Computer Science, Economics, Music … Bottom tier: any of the other ones, although some folks would love to pretend Geography and Psychology are serious things 😂 belonging in the top 2 tiers.

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The Evaluation Spider : a Way to Develop High Quality ‘Evaluation’ in A level Geography Essays

20th March 2016

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One of the most challenging aspects in writing good-quality extended answers is for A level students to understand how to ‘evaluate’. It is often a requirement of the highest mark bands in essay questions that require a student to critically reflect on policies, strategies and management plans and assess their degree of success, or otherwise. This evaluative quality frequently features in human geography questions, but may be equally applicable to physical/human interactions, such as evaluating a response to a natural hazard.

Andy recently finished being a classroom geographer after 35 years at two schools in East Yorkshire as head of geography, head of the humanities faculty and director of the humanities specialism. He has written extensively about teaching and geography - with articles in the TES, Geography GCSE Wideworld and Teaching Geography.

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A Level Geography Model Answers: see A* essays in practice

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Geography: it’s the must-have A-level. The Guardian

Geography is highly valued by universities as an A Level choice, and combines well with both arts and science subjects. It can be a facilitating subject - that is a subject most likely to be required or preferred for entry to degree courses. Choosing facilitating subjects will keep more options at the university-level; geography opens doors to other degrees such as business and administrative studies, law, engineering and technology, and the other social physical sciences.

Geography was also found to be the most relevant A Level subject in teaching students about climate change (YouGov/RGS 2020).

A Level geography

A Level geography offers a selection of new, interesting topics not covered at GCSE level, and allows you to go into greater depth in some key elements previously studied. It covers both the physical and human environments and the complex interaction of processes that shape our world. It will also, importantly, show the applied side of the subject - how human intervention affects the environment and how people adapt and mitigate the effects of processes on their environment.

There is plenty of room for discussion and extended research, which will help you become an independent thinker and learner. By the time you get to your exams, you will be able to show your understanding of a range of opinions and be able to illustrate your answers with case studies from local, national and international examples.

You will learn in a wide variety of ways, using maps, GIS skills, data analysis, photos, videos, and podcasts, as well as attending lectures and study days. You will be encouraged to frame your own questions using higher level thinking skills and show your grasp of complex issues through report and essay writing. Fieldwork will be an essential part of your A Level course.

The four key geographical themes outlined below are compulsory which, when combined with fieldwork, accounts for 60% of the course. The additional 40% is flexible and varies depending on the exam board chosen by teaching staff.

Core themes

Water and carbon cycles.

You will study the physical processes which control the water and carbon cycles between land, oceans and the atmosphere, all of which are critical mechanisms in supporting life on Earth.

Listen: Forests and the carbon cycle

Landscape systems

Focusing on either dry arid, coastal or glacial environments, you will study what earth surface processes have produced their characteristic landforms.

Listen: How do glacial surfaces evolve over time?

Global systems and global governance

In a globalising world, people, places and environments are increasingly connected leading to the rapid global movement of goods, people, technology and ideas. A Level studies focus on the consequences of a highly interconnected world and the efforts to regulate it - labelled ‘global governance’.

Listen: How is globalisation changing the countryside?

Changing places

The connections and relationships between people, the economy, society and the environment help to explain why places are constantly changing. Through the study of local locations it will become apparent how flows of people, resources, money, ideas and government polices can change the nature of places.

Watch: Geographical lates: climate talks

Geographical fieldwork

Fieldwork will be an essential part of your A Level course - you will be required to complete an independent non-examined assessment (NEA). This provides an excellent opportunity to conduct a fieldwork study in relation to physical and human processes.

A minimum of four days of fieldwork is required at A Level. You may even get to go on a residential trip to experience a very different environment to the one where you live. You may visit an area that is known for its coastal, river or glaciated scenery, or carry out enquiries relating to issues in your local environment. You will have the flexibility to identify your own topic for your NEA. The write up of your study will provide an excellent insight into producing a concise university-style dissertation.

Gaining relevant skills

Studying A Level geography provides you with a variety of valuable skills and knowledge that can be transferred and used across other subject areas and in everyday life.

Building arguments requires a high level of English skills at this level. In addition maths skills are also obtained to an advanced standard with a clear focus on statistical testing. Use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) develops confidence in ICT. Researching, presenting, referencing, critical thinking, map-reading and scientific reasoning skills will all be honed along with the ability to work both independently and collaboratively.

Visual communication skills

Geography gives you the opportunity to gather, analyse and present data in a variety of ways so you will also develop your visual communication skills using maps, graphs, diagrams and images to problem solve.

Data and geospatial skills

You will develop your qualitative and quantitative geographical skills at A Level while working with images, factual text and discursive/creative material, digital data, numerical and spatial data and innovative forms of data, including crowd-sourced and 'big data'. You will also develop your maths, especially statistical testing.

Fieldwork experience

A Level study requires students to complete an independent non-examined assessment. This provides you with an excellent opportunity to conduct a fieldwork study in relation to physical and human processes. Fieldwork provides you with useful skills in collecting, understanding and later communicating data to different audiences. It can also lead you to opportunities to travel further afield to fascinating destinations.

Research skills

You will develop skills to select research questions, apply relevant techniques and skills, and find appropriate ways to analyse and communicate your findings.

Working in teams during fieldwork and in the classroom will help develop your communication and collaboration skills.

Communication skills

You will develop English skills, helping you to produce convincing arguments and to communicate ideas effectively, both in writing and in oral communcation. These skills are highly valued by all employers.

Next steps for students who studied A Level geography

Geography is a broad based subject which provides lots of opportunities for future progression. For example, geography is an obvious choice for careers in sustainability and green issues , urban regeneration , energy supply , retail location , managing the effects of hazards and climate change .

For careers in the world of business , an understanding of global economics forms an important part of geography. If you are thinking of a career in law , human rights , international relations or welfare , then geography gives you the opportunity to consider relevant issues such as: How do we measure development?   What are the consequences of migration on societies?  

If you are working towards a future course in medicine or veterinary medicine then geography is a good choice to give your A Level options the breadth that universities seek, as you will gain a clear understanding of how the environment affects health and survival of people, animals and ecosystems as well as enhancing your skills of writing essays and extended reports.

Of course many A Level students do not yet have a clear idea of what kind of career they might want to pursue. If you are in this position, remember that geography as an A Level gives you the chance to keep your options open , as it covers both arts and science components. It is quite likely that when you choose geography your classmates will all be doing different combinations of A Level subjects – this adds to the interest when it comes to discussions on issues as everyone will have very different ways of thinking and expressing their opinions.

To get a top grade you will need to read around the subject in newspapers and through magazine and internet articles; TV and radio documentaries are a rich source of current issues too. The Society's  Student Members and School Members have access to the full range of our award-winning resources. 

Next step: Choose geography at university

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What A - level subjects are essay - based?

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