extended essay visual arts ib

IB Visual Arts EE examples

Filter exemplars, to what extent does the street art in downtown athens, greece politically and socially charge the city, how did pablo picasso develop intimacy with the original audience and the impact on the contemporary audience through his artworks during his blue period, want to get full marks for your ee allow us to review it for you 🎯, to what extent did the mughal architectural style influence the hindu temple architecture of india, to what extent was gaudi's iconographic program on the example of the basilica of the sagrada familia different from gothic solutions on the example of the seville cathedral, to what extent can artificial intelligence create original fine art, fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, to what extent did hilma af klint’s artworks (1906-1922) bridge science and spiritualism, to what extend does gender impact omani artists, to what extent did edvard munch apply formal elements of art therapy such as color,shape, and repetition to create symbolism and purpose in the scream, how did zofia and oskar hansen’s architectural vision of przyczółek grochowski estate translate into practice and with what effect, how do andy warhol and thierry guetta's artwork demonstrate the controversies between intertextuality and plagiarism in pop art culture, to what extent has the indian culture influenced the architect gajanan b mhatre in the design of the empress court in mumbai during the british colonization, an exploration into the theme of motherhood in art during the early weimar republic, as seen through the works of otto dix and käthe kollwitz, how does frida kahlo portrya her devotionb to communism, the influence of nature on caso batlo by architect antoni guadi, "how did the dynamic style of zaha hadid's original abstract paintings introduce her unique architectural design of the jockey club in hong kong"..

• Customer Reviews
• Extended Essays
• IB Internal Assessment
• Theory of Knowledge
• Literature Review
• Dissertations
• Essay Writing
• Research Writing
• Assignment Help
• Capstone Projects
• College Application
• Online Class

Visual Arts Extended Essay: The Complete Guide for IB Students

by  Antony W

May 8, 2023

An extended essay in visual arts allows you to conduct study in a particular area of visual arts that is of interest to you. The conclusion of the study should be a clear and structured piece of writing that tackles a topic or research question pertinent to the visual arts in an effective manner.  

The strongest EE in arts is the one that demonstrate a thoughtful selection of socially and culturally relevant topics, which frequently have a personal significance for the candidate in respect to his or her cultural identity, a potential university program, or present creative interests, such as studio work.

It is discouraged to rely solely on textbooks and the Internet, and no long essay in visual arts should rely solely on such sources.

You should only read your textbooks to the extent that they generate unique ideas, give models of disciplined, organized, and informed methods, and foster direct and personal engagement with the essay topic.

Choice of Arts Extended Essay Topic

When it comes to choosing a visual arts extended essay, we strongly recommend that you avoid themes that rely solely on summarizing generic secondary sources and those that are likely to result in an essay that is mostly narrative or descriptive in nature.

You must address a pertinent subject or research question and reach a specific, ideally individual, conclusion.

Choosing a topic that encompasses several areas of art history or a lengthy time span is likewise unlikely to result in a great essay. Restriction of the essay’s scope will help you to establish a clear focus and create opportunities for exhibiting in-depth comprehension and critical evaluation of your extended essay.

How Should You Treat Visual Arts Extended Essay Topic?

The topic you choose must have a clear and direct connection to visual arts. If the relationship is only tenuous, you risk introducing irrelevant material, which will confuse the investigation and undermine the case.

You should construct a research issue that is of personal interest and use a range of materials to support your claims, including textual analysis, the study of actual artworks or designed artifacts, and interviews with practitioners and subject-matter experts.

Questions that do not provide a systematic examination that exhibits critical creative analysis and in-depth comprehension are unlikely to be appropriate. In certain cases, it may become apparent early in the research process that there are insufficient sources to conduct such an examination. In such situations, consider a shift in emphasis.

In visual arts extended essays, the incorporation and discussion of pertinent visual reference material is of special relevance. However, such material must directly support and be relevant to the analysis/argument. It should be cleanly presented, appropriately acknowledged, and appear as near as feasible to the first reference in the body of the essay.

To stimulate personal investment in the extended essay, your work should include local and/or original sources wherever feasible. However, you may not have access to original materials in some circumstances. In such instances, high-quality replicas, movies, films, or photographs/Internet pictures are acceptable sources.

An argument should be well supported, with remarks and conclusions supported by evidence that is relevant and well-founded, as opposed to being based only on preconceived notions.

Visual Arts Extended Essay Topics Examples

Now that you know about the kind of topic you should choose for you visual arts extended essay, let’s consider some good and bad examples.

The worst example can be something like:

• The variation within human perception
• Architecture is functional art.
• Postmodernism
• Islamic architectural design

You want avoid these types of examples because they’re broad and therefore can’t fit within the scope of extended essay requirements .

You want to consider only the best topic for the project, particularly making sure you pick a subject that’s specific enough to form a research question that you can answer within the respective scope of the assignment.

Some of the best examples include but not limited to the following:

• What role did national themes have in the creative activity of Russian avant-garde artists associated with the Knave of Diamonds society?
• How did men and women’s clothes communicate National Socialist ideals?
• How does Yinka Shonibare’s work represent the evolving importance of African art in a global society?
• What are the origins of Romanesque architecture in Arles?
• Are there pop art elements in the design of Pakistani trucks?
• Titles for Protracted Essays
• Appropriateness of Picasso’s usage of the Mbangu mask in ‘Les Demoiselles d’Avignon’ in terms of cultural borrowing
• How does Ketna Patel’s work reflect the increasing influence of media culture on Asian cultures?
• How does Yinka Shonibare’s work represent the evolving significance of African art in a global society?
• How far did Andy Warhol’s “Death and Disaster” series develop his interest in morbidity?
• How Jesse Trevino’s cultural experiences influenced his artwork
• How would one identify the crucial balance between design and function for four pedestrian bridges of the 21st century?
• In what way does Damien Hirst’s art tackle the themes of Life and Death? (2013)
• To what degree has Federation Square’s design proven successful?
• When does photojournalism become an art form?
• How does Fra Angelico’s picture of The Annunciation represent him in Renaissance Florence?

Tips for Writing a Visual Arts Extended Essay

You are supposed to assess critically the sources you consulted while writing the essay by asking yourself the following questions:

• Which sources are essential to my ideas, beliefs, and assertions?
• Which sources are irrelevant to the analysis?

For the research question, you can:

• Utilize primary and secondary sources to develop and evaluate diverse perspectives.
• Use these primary sources to explore and explain particular aspects of the visual arts, with emphasis on a particular aspect of the visual arts collecting and analyzing reproductions of artwork.

You must also exhibit an understanding of various topics associated with the studied work.

• Demonstrate a knowledge of the worth and limitations of the work you’re studying by analyzing its origin and function
• Show a continuous high level of creative comprehension by addressing the study subject comprehensively and effectively.

Relevant findings from this analysis must feature in your argument, not to mention that you should carefully support the arguments.  

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

How to Choose an EE Topic (Visual Arts)

Choosing the EE Subject

It’s important to:

• Choose a subject you are willing to dedicate many hours to, and
• Understand what an EE in that subject is like. For example, science EEs look like longer science IAs and involve a lot of lab work, whereas English EEs are similar to long Written Task 2s and involve a lot of reading and analysis.

I knew I wanted to write a Visual Arts EE because I loved learning about art history. I’d previously enjoyed analysing artworks for an academic competition, so I wanted to take that interest further through my IB work.

Brainstorming Ideas

For a Visual Arts EE, you can write about virtually any topic using any approach. This intimidated me because I had NO clue what to write about. So, I looked at what sort of questions have been addressed in past essays. I’ve compiled a few popular approaches here for you: 

I began by researching various movements in art history, followed by looking into art from different countries and cultures. Then I dove into specific aspects of artwork such as lighting and lines. Finally, I researched artists I liked. This last step was the most important to me because it was what I found most interesting.

Narrowing Down your List

I circled my favourite topics and looked for connections between them. For example, I liked Edward Hopper’s artwork, which relies heavily on lighting and coincides with my fascination for American history and art. One of the questions I came up with was: “How does the use of lighting in Edward Hopper’s work evoke emotion in his audience?” Through making further connections, I shortlisted three other subjects I was eager to study—colour in Munch and Hopper’s paintings, sensuality and controversy of the Vienna Secession, and emotions in post-Chinese Cultural Revolution art. 

Selecting the Final Question

My supervisor urged me to choose a question that was both challenging and personally fulfilling. Though I found the Hopper question interesting, I was familiar with Hopper’s work and could answer it before even writing the EE. Upon reflection, I realized I wanted to use an artistic lens to explore an aspect of my Chinese background I’ve never learned about before. Thus, my final question was: “How have contemporary Chinese artists’ responses to the Cultural Revolution evolved from 1976 to the present day?”

In the end, I thoroughly enjoyed the Extended Essay process from start to finish, especially the synthesis of academic research and first-hand data collection (I surveyed 300 people and interviewed a gallery owner!). My findings also helped inform my IB Visual Arts pieces.

The brainstorming process might seem overwhelming because there are just so many topics to choose from! Create mind maps, discuss your ideas with others, and only shortlist topics that you really like—you’ll soon find that you have a direction. And remember, it’s okay to change your question later on!

Share this:

• Pingback: Overview: What is the Extended Essay (EE)? - IBlieve

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Discover more from iblieve.

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Type your email…

Continue reading

IB Visual Arts Extended Essay Topics

As a writer and tutor with extensive experience in the IB Diploma Programme, I’ve gained invaluable insights into the challenges and triumphs of crafting a standout Visual Arts Extended Essay. Today, I’m excited to share these insights with you, particularly about choosing the best Visual Arts Extended Essay topics.

Visual Arts Extended Essay Requirements

In my opinion, this essay is not merely an academic task but a canvas where you paint your intellectual curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking skills. According to general IB criteria, your essay demands more than superficial topic research. It requires a deep investigation of the essence of your chosen subject, supported by meticulous research and personal engagement. Here’s a breakdown of what the IB looks for in an exceptional Visual Arts Extended Essay.

In-depth Understanding of the Topic

Your essay should highlight your chosen subject in a way that demonstrates a profound comprehension of its nuances and complexities. It’s not enough to simply relay information; you must dig into the topic’s significance within the Visual Arts course .

Clear and Coherent Arguments

Every claim you make should be underpinned by solid evidence and articulated logically and persuasively. Your essay should flow seamlessly from one point to the next, with each argument building upon the last to support your thesis.

Effective Research

High-quality research is the backbone of your essay. It includes primary sources like artworks and artist interviews and secondary sources like scholarly articles and critical essays. Your ability to select, analyze, and reference these materials is crucial.

Personal Engagement

The IB values your unique voice and perspective. Your essay should reflect your personal experience with the subject, including how your understanding and appreciation of the topic have evolved throughout your investigation.

Analysis of Artworks

You’re expected to choose relevant artworks and dissect them within their historical, cultural, and theoretical contexts. This analysis should go beyond mere description to examine the significance of the artworks with your research question. Moreover, employing the correct terminology demonstrates your knowledge of the subject and boosts your essay’s clarity and precision.

Visual Arts Extended Essay Topics and Research Questions

Choosing a topic for an extended essay is a significant step that directly affects the quality of your work and your grade. I will now give you some ideas that you can use and improve upon as you see fit. Here are Visual Arts Extended Essay topics and research questions to consider:

• The Influence of Cultural Heritage on Contemporary Aboriginal Art . How does contemporary Aboriginal art reflect the cultural heritage and traditions of its creators?
• The Evolution of Feminist Themes in Modern Art . How have feminist themes evolved in modern art from the 20th century to the present day?
• The Impact of Digital Technology on Traditional Painting Techniques . How has digital technology influenced traditional painting techniques and artists’ approaches to creating art?
• The Role of Street Art in Urban Spaces. How does street art contribute to the identity and cultural landscape of urban spaces?
• Surrealism and Dreams: A Research of Symbolism . How do Surrealist artists use symbolism to depict dreams and the unconscious mind?
• The Renaissance Influence on Modern European Art . To what extent does modern European art retain the influences of Renaissance principles and techniques?
• Art as a Form of Social Protest . How is art used for social protest and political commentary in contemporary societies?
• The Psychology of Color in Abstract Art . How does color psychology affect abstract art’s interpretation and emotional impact?
• The Intersection of Fashion and Art in Modern Design . How have modern designers blurred the lines between fashion and art to create innovative works?
• Eco-Art: The Role of Art in Environmental Awareness . How do eco-artists use their work to promote environmental awareness and sustainability?
• The Representation of Gender Fluidity in Contemporary Art . How is gender fluidity represented in contemporary visual art?
• Cubism’s Influence on Modern Architecture . In what ways has Cubism influenced modern architecture and the design of public spaces?
• Photography as a Historical Document: Capturing Social Change . How has photography been used to document social change throughout the 20th and 21st centuries?
• The Revival of Classical Techniques in Modern Sculpture . How are classical sculpting techniques being revived and reinterpreted by modern sculptors?
• Art Therapy: The Healing Power of Creative Expression . How is art therapy utilized to facilitate healing and emotional well-being, and what evidence supports its effectiveness?
• The Renaissance to Modern Day: The Evolution of Portrait Painting . How has the art of portrait painting evolved from the Renaissance period to the modern day in terms of technique and representation?
• Art in Times of War: A Reflection of Society and Conflict . How do artists represent and reflect upon the impact of war and conflict in their work across different historical periods?
• The Influence of Japanese Art on Western Aesthetics . In what ways has traditional Japanese art influenced Western artistic aesthetics and practices?
• The Role of Art in Public Health: Murals and Community Well-being . How do public murals contribute to community well-being and health, particularly in urban areas?
• Sustainability in Art: Materials and Practices . How are contemporary artists incorporating sustainable materials and practices into their work, and what impact does this have on the art world?
• Animation as a Fine Art: Evolution and Acceptance . How has animation evolved as a form of fine art, and how is it being integrated into mainstream art discourse?
• The Role of Women in the Art World: From Creation to Curation . How has the role of women in the art world changed from creators to curators over the last century?
• Art and Technology: Virtual Reality as a New Medium . How is virtual reality redefining the boundaries of art and creating new forms of immersive experiences?
• The Revival of Folk Art in the 21st Century . What factors contribute to the revival of folk art in the 21st century, and how is it being reinterpreted in a modern context?
• The Influence of Pop Art on Modern Advertising . How has Pop Art influenced modern advertising and consumer culture?
• The Concept of Beauty in Contemporary Sculpture . How do contemporary sculptors challenge and redefine the concept of beauty in their works?
• Street Photography: Capturing the Essence of the Urban Experience . How does street photography capture and convey the essence of the urban experience?
• The Impact of Social Media on Contemporary Art Practice and Appreciation . How has social media impacted contemporary art practice, and how is art appreciated and consumed?
• The Representation of Mental Health in Visual Arts . How do visual artists represent and interpret mental health issues in their work, and how does this impact public perceptions?
• The Symbolism of Animals in Medieval Art . What roles and symbolism do animals play in medieval art, and how do these representations reflect the beliefs and values of the time?
• The Cultural Significance of Tattoos in Indigenous Societies . How do tattoos function as a form of cultural expression and identity in indigenous societies, and what are the traditional techniques and meanings behind them?
• Art Censorship: The Fine Line between Provocation and Freedom of Expression . Where does the line lie between provocation and freedom of expression in art, and how have artists dealt with censorship across different cultures and eras?
• The Influence of Art on Architectural Design . How have specific art movements significantly influenced architectural design, and what are the most notable examples of this intersection?
• Interactive Art: The Role of the Spectator in Contemporary Art Installations . How do contemporary art installations incorporate interactivity, and what role does the spectator play in completing these works of art?
• The Renaissance of Collage in Digital Art . How has the medium of collage been reinterpreted in the digital age, and how do digital collages challenge our perceptions of reality and art?
• The Revival of Analog Photography in the Digital Age . What factors contribute to the resurgence of analog photography in the digital era, and how does it affect contemporary artistic expression?
• The Role of Minimalism in Modern Design Aesthetics . How has minimalism influenced modern design aesthetics, particularly in the digital interface design of the 21st century?
• The Evolution of Self-Portraits in Digital Art . How has the emergence of digital art forms transformed the traditional self-portrait?
• Art and Resistance: The Role of Visual Arts in Social Movements . How have visual arts been used as a tool for resistance in global social movements?
• The Intersection of Performance Art and Multimedia Installations . What are the implications of combining performance art with multimedia installations for audience interaction and artistic expression?
• The Depiction of Mental Illness in Contemporary Art . How do contemporary artists represent mental illness, and how does this impact societal perceptions?
• Biographical Influence on Artistic Style . How do the biographies of artists influence their artistic styles and the themes they explore in their work?
• Postmodernism and Irony in Visual Arts . How is irony used as a stylistic and thematic element in postmodern visual art?
• The Role of Art in Cultural Diplomacy . How is visual art employed as a tool in cultural diplomacy, and what are the outcomes of such initiatives?
• Sculpture and Space: The Dynamics of 3D Art in Public and Private Spheres . How does the sculpture’s placement in public versus private spaces affect viewer perception and interaction?
• The Influence of Classical Mythology on Modern Visual Arts . How do modern visual artists incorporate classical mythology, and what new meanings are ascribed to these ancient narratives?
• Consumer Culture and Pop Art: Reflections and Critiques . How does Pop Art reflect and critique consumer culture through its visual representations?
• Artistic Representations of Climate Change . How do artists use different media to address the theme of climate change, and what reactions do these works evoke?
• The Art of Book Covers: Graphic Design Meets Literature . How does the art on book covers contribute to interpreting and marketing the literature it envelops?
• The Renaissance of Artisan Crafts in Contemporary Art . How are traditional crafts like weaving, pottery, and woodworking being revitalized in contemporary art?
• The Art and Science of Color Theory in Visual Design . How do visual designers use color theory to enhance usability and aesthetic appeal in their creations?
• Digital Art and Artificial Intelligence: Collaboration or Competition? How does integrating artificial intelligence in digital art challenge traditional notions of creativity and authorship?
• The Role of Political Cartoons in Visual Commentary . How do political cartoons contribute to public discourse, and what makes them effective or controversial?
• Graffiti and Urban Identity . How does graffiti contribute to the identity and culture of urban environments?
• The Visual Language of Comics and Graphic Novels . How do comics and graphic novels use visual language to create complex narratives and emotional depth?

Choosing the right topic is like picking the perfect palette for a masterpiece. In my experience, the best topics pique your interest and offer ample room for investigation and analysis.

Think about the issues, movements, or artists that fascinate you. Are there particular questions or controversies in the visual arts world you want to research? Remember, a well-chosen topic can be the difference between an essay that feels like a chore and becomes a passion project.

Don’t let the stress of the IB curriculum hold you back.

Are you struggling to come up with topic suggestions for your IB Extended Essay? Or do you need help with Internal Assessment?

Our experienced writers can help you choose the perfect topic and assist you with any assignment.

You can order an Extended Essay tailored to your specific subject and requirements.

Our experienced IB writers are always ready to help.

Simply click:

More Topics to Read:

• How To Set Goals For Success In The IB DP?
• Does IB Prepare You for College?
• What Is IB Music MLI? Guide for IB Students
• How Many Points Do You Need for the IB Diploma?
• Do Mock Exams Matter in IB?
• IB English Language and Literature. Guide for IB Students
• What Level of Math to Choose in IBDP?
• Transitioning from MYP to DP: What to Expect
• The Evolution of the IB Programme: A Look into Its History
• Interdisciplinary Nature of the IB. A Closer Look at Transdisciplinary Skills
• How to Engage in Constructive Feedback in the IB?

So, your Visual Arts Extended Essay showcases your analytical skills, creativity, and passion for the arts. Use this opportunity to research a topic that resonates with you, and remember that the process is as important as the outcome. With dedication, curiosity, and a little guidance from those who have walked this path before, you’ll be well on your way to writing a high-grade Extended Essay. Also, if you need some help or get more topic suggestions, just contact our experts from IB Writing Service .

Get hot offers and discounts for your IB Assignments

Our writing solutions cater to all disciplines within the IB program, and we specialize in crafting academic papers for students of all levels. We follow the IB criteria.

Adhering strictly to the rigorous standards set by the IB, we deploy a methodical approach to our writing process. This ensures that every piece of content we generate not only meets but exceeds the expectations set within the program.

Contact us:

[email protected]

[email protected]

Latest Articles:

Extended Essay vs. Internal Assessment

November 2024 TOK Essay Titles. Short Description for Each Topic and How to Write It

Interdisciplinary Topics in Extended Essays

Our services:.

• Buy Internal Assessment
• Buy Math IA
• Buy Extended Essay
• Buy TOK Essay
• Buy TOK Exhibition

IBWritingService.com is an independent academic writing aid with no official ties to the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Our use of “IB” in the domain and title is purely for identification, and we neither claim nor imply any endorsement or partnership with the IBO. Our services aim to support students’ educational needs without violating IBO policies. Trademarks mentioned are property of their owners and do not suggest affiliations. By using our services, you acknowledge our non-affiliation with the IBO and that we’re not a substitute for IBO requirements. We deny any liability for use of our services in relation to the IBO.

ALL PAPERS WRITTEN BY OUR EXPERTS AS PART OF THIS WRITING SERVICE ARE FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY. WHEN USING CONTENT PURCHASED FROM THIS WEBSITE, IT MUST BE PROPERLY REFERENCED.

• Terms & Conditions
• Revision Policy
• Privacy Policy
• Refund Policy
• Cookie Policy

© 2023. All Rights Reserved.

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, the complete ib extended essay guide: examples, topics, and ideas.

International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

What's Next?

Trying to figure out what extracurriculars you should do? Learn more about participating in the Science Olympiad , starting a club , doing volunteer work , and joining Student Government .

Studying for the SAT? Check out our expert study guide to the SAT . Taking the SAT in a month or so? Learn how to cram effectively for this important test .

Not sure where you want to go to college? Read our guide to finding your target school . Also, determine your target SAT score or target ACT score .

As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography.

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

Improve With Our Famous Guides

• For All Students

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points

How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section:

Score 800 on SAT Math

Score 800 on SAT Reading

Score 800 on SAT Writing

Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section:

Score 600 on SAT Math

Score 600 on SAT Reading

Score 600 on SAT Writing

Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests

What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For?

15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points

How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section:

36 on ACT English

36 on ACT Math

36 on ACT Reading

36 on ACT Science

Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section:

24 on ACT English

24 on ACT Math

24 on ACT Reading

24 on ACT Science

What ACT target score should you be aiming for?

ACT Vocabulary You Must Know

ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score

How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League

How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA

How to Write an Amazing College Essay

What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For?

Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide

Should you retake your SAT or ACT?

When should you take the SAT or ACT?

Stay Informed

Get the latest articles and test prep tips!

Looking for Graduate School Test Prep?

Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here:

GRE Online Prep Blog

GMAT Online Prep Blog

TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Holly R. "I am absolutely overjoyed and cannot thank you enough for helping me!”

• Vendor Dashboard
• Registration
• Vendor Registration

IB Diploma Hub

IB essay examples written by graduated students

Visual Arts Extended Essay scored B

I got a high B for my extended essay on Visual Arts in 2021 May. The topic was “Between 1983 to 2020, to what extent did Karl Lagerfeld give Chanel a new style?” It well includes in-text citations, good references, and careful exploration of the contents.

[Table of contents]

[Sample excerpts]

I. Introduction

As I have a big interest in fashion, Karl Lagerfeld, the creative director of Chanel who died a while ago, remained impressively in my memory. When he died, I could see famous people from various fashion professions and many of the celebrities expressed their sorrow and a big respect for designs in his lifetime.

Clothes are indispensable to people and should always be developed and created for our convenience. That is why I think it is very important to further explore and investigate how Karl Lagerfeld contributed to this important factor. While I was searching about Karl Lagerfeld, I found one interesting thing. That was he made a big change to Chanel in terms of design and the brand’s identity. Before Karl Lagerfeld joined the company, Chanel was experiencing a period of stagnation. But as Karl Lagerfeld worked in Chanel as a creative director, he saved the brand image as a fashion house. So, I am going to deal with the theme “To what extent did Karl Lagerfeld give Chanel a new style?”

In the main body, I’m planning to explore the history of the company before Karl Lagerfeld will be briefly investigated to make it comparable and to ascertain the extent to which Karl Lagerfeld had no change to Chanel between his lifetime and death. Also, Karl Lagerfeld before Chanel will be investigated to establish his development and credentials. In this essay, I am going to use various sources including video and book, but mainly trustable fashion articles from vogue, harper bazaar for getting socially reliable fashion material related to Karl Lagerfeld and Chanel…

• Total number of pages : 19 pages
• Topic : Between 1983 to 2020, to what extent did Karl Lagerfeld give Chanel a new style?
• Subject : EE (Extended Essay) – Visual Arts
• The file is in PDF format.

Download Details

Download Category: Visual Arts

• Author: rlacheld
• Published: 2022-04-19
• Refund Policy
• Since your purchase is a digital product, it is deemed "used" after download and all purchases made are non-refundable. However, you can make a refund request for digital products under the following exceptional circumstances . Claims must be submitted within 7 days from the date of the purchase:
• (1) Non-delivery of the electronic product : Download issues due to our website's problem (ex: server)
• (2) Digital product not as described : A detailed, clear evidence must be provided with proof that the purchased and delivered digital product is not as it is described on the product page
• (3) Major or critical defects : We test every single digital product before publish. However, unforeseen defects can surface from time to time

If you want to sell your IB essays, register to become a vendor!

Extended Essay

• Mathematics
• Studies in language and literature
• World studies extended essay
• Visual arts
• Language Acquisition

Visual Arts: Sample A

Visual arts: sample b, visual arts: sample c.

• Last Updated: Oct 14, 2021 3:31 PM
• URL: https://keystoneacademy-cn.libguides.com/extended-essay

• TTS Libguides
• Tanglin LibGuides
• Senior Library

IB Extended Essay (EE)

• Visual Arts
• Extended Essay Main Page
• Business & Management
• Computer Science
• Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS)
• Human Rights
• Information Technology in a Global Society (ITGS)
• Mathematics
• Peace and Conflict Studies
• Social and Cultural Anthropology
• World Religions
• World Studies

Find a password

Excellent extended essays - visual arts, find example excellent essays, click on the subjects to browse the list of excellent extended essays..

• << Previous: Theatre
• Next: World Religions >>
• Last Updated: Oct 18, 2022 9:00 AM
• URL: https://libguides.tts.edu.sg/EE

IB Extended Essay: Past Essays

• Research Questions
• Past Essays
• Notes & Outlines
• Works Cited Page
• In-Text Citations
• Assessment Criteria
• Reflections
• Supervisor Info
• Net Valley Library This link opens in a new window

Check these CAREFULLY to be sure your topic fits with IB expectations!

• Language & literature (language A)
• Language acquisition (language B)
• Mathematics
• Visual Arts
• World Studies

Business Management

English a & b ee examples.

• English A EE Example
• English A EE Example 1
• English A EE Example 2
• English A EE Example 3
• English B EE Example
• English B EE Example 1
• English B EE Example 2
• English B EE Example 3
• English B EE Example 4
• English B EE Example 5
• English B EE Example 6

Philosophy EE Examples

• Philosophy Example 1
• Philosophy Example 2
• Philosophy Example 3
• Philosophy Example 4

Economics EE Examples

• Econ Example 1
• Econ Example 2
• Econ Example 3
• Econ Example 4
• Econ Example 5
• Econ Example 6
• Econ Example 7
• Econ Example 8

Review Past Papers

• From the IB:  papers from other students and how they scored
• Renaissance Library Past Essays :  Links to all subject area examples

Music EE Examples

• Music EE Example 1
• Music EE Example 2
• Music EE Example 3
• Music EE Example 4

Psychology EE Examples

• Psych EE Example 1
• Psych EE Example 2
• Psych EE Example 3

Chinese EE Examples

• Chinese EE Example 1
• Chinese EE Example 2
• Chinese EE Example 3
• Chinese A EE Cat 1
• Chinese A EE Cat 2
• Chinese A EE Cat 3
• Chinese B EE Example 1
• Chinese B EE Example 2
• Chinese B Example 3
• Business EE Example 1
• Business EE Example 2
• Business EE Example 3

Visual Arts EE Examples

• Visual Arts EE Example 1
• Visual Arts EE Example 2
• Visual Arts EE Example 3
• Visual Arts EE Example 4

Film EE Examples

• Film Example 1
• Film Example 2

Chemistry EE Examples

• Chemistry EE Example

Biology EE Examples

• Biology EE Example
• Biology EE Example 1
• Biology EE Example 2
• Biology EE Example 3

Physics EE Examples

• Physics EE Example
• Physics EE Example 1
• Physics EE Example 2
• Physics EE Example 3
• Physics EE Example 4
• Physics EE Example 5

Math EE Examples

• Math EE Example 1
• Math EE Example 2
• Math EE Example 3
• Math EE Example 4
• Math EE Example 5
• Math EE Example 6

World Studies EE Examples

• World Studies Example 1
• World Studies Example 2
• World Studies Example 3
• World Studies Example 4
• World Studies Example 5
• World Studies Example 6
• World Studies Example 7
• World Studies Example 8
• World Studies Example 9
• World Studies Example 10
• World Studies Example 11
• World Studies Example 12
• World Studies Example 13
• World Studies Example 14
• World Studies Example 15
• World Studies Example 16
• World Studies Example 17
• World Studies Example 18
• << Previous: Research Questions
• Next: Notes & Outlines >>
• Last Updated: Apr 9, 2024 9:39 AM
• URL: https://sis-cn.libguides.com/ExtendedEssay

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

IB EXTENDED ESSAY IN VISUAL ARTS Topic: The influence of Frank Lloyd Wright's organic architecture in " Fallingwater "

¿How does the organic style of Frank Lloyd Wright is reflected in the “Fallingwater” house of Edgar Kaufmann, 1936?

Related Papers

Shamiram Sogomonyan

Olivia Valentine

From antiquity until the present day, architecture has taken many forms and has continually evolved into grand masterpieces. Each building or design becomes a reflection of the architect, so for Frank Lloyd Wright, those buildings were born from ideas and interpretations of an “organic” architecture, that were harmonious with nature, celestial, and modern in design. They were based upon his theory of how “form and function are one.” However, does his architecture still influence new themes in architecture today, or was it just a period in history, full of natural grandeur, which is now being glossed over by many? While many historians question and ponder this, his work has, by all means, captivated and inspired those that visit his works that are still standing today, such as the Guggenheim Museum in New York City. Throughout his constant study, vigilance, and determination, his focus and incorporation of nature into the modern and abstract allowed him to create some of the world’s most infamous works which illustrate his organic architecture. This style has allowed for viewers and visitors alike to explore and journey through his creations.

Modernism Magazine (Spring 2011)

Justin Gunther

hugues henri

Above all, there was the relative filiation between Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), which perpetuates architectural modernity in the United States, even if Wright also left Sullivan's office to emancipate himself from the "beloved Master". He had joined the Adler and Sullivan agency in 1887 and quickly became its foreman, but in 1893, Sullivan had to fire Wright who showed an unfortunate tendency to build, for his own profit, individual houses for the clients of the Adler-Sullivan firm, which his contract as foreman expressly prohibited him from doing. Connecting Richardson and Wright is also essential. Indeed, Richardson's Shingle Style houses, such as the Hay House in Washington DC, and the Paine House in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1886, developed open floor plans from sumptuous staircases. In addition, Richardson preceded Wright in his interest in traditional Japanese architecture and interior design. Wright's later expansion of scale, increasing the horizontal dimension while raising the apparent height, to give monumentality to the building, as he first experienced in the Winslow House in River Forest, Illinois, 1893, is already present in Richardson's and Price's work, another architect of the "Schingle Style" that inspired Wright's first Oak Park house in 1889. It is therefore certain that despite his indisputable personal genius, Wright owes an immense debt to these architects of the "Shingle Style", such as Stanfort White, Wilson Eyrec and Bruce Price, and of course Henry Richardson, from whom, according to Vincent Scully, the whole "Prairie Style" is derived. On the other hand, the influence of traditional architecture and traditional Japanese spatial design has an important place in Wright's work. He saw the HO- O-Den Temple, built by the Japanese government for the Colombian Exposition of 1893. The encounter with Japanese architecture exerted a decisive impulse on Wright's career according to Grant Carpenter Manson, an American art historian. Thus, the Takonama, center of contemplation and center of the Japanese house, became for Wright the Oversized Soul, animist place and center of the Usonian house. The open relation inside/outside, the non-partitioning of the interior space, the extension of the eaves, all this was present in the HO-O-Den Temple. Wright's singularity is multifaceted: he knows and has practiced the functionalism of the Chicago school in Adler-Sullivan's studio. He acknowledged having read Viollet-le-Duc, his Lectures on Architecture and his Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture, which, according to him, enabled him to emerge from the despair he had felt after reading another great pre-modern writer, Victor Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris and his perception of the Renaissance as the twilight of art and especially architecture, because it was the time when the machine, the printing press, dealt its fatal blows to art. It is also clear that he knows John Ruskin, William Morris and the Arts & Crafts movement and that he is sensitive to a certain extent to the Ruskinian refusal of industrial mechanization.

IOSR Journals

Biophilic design is a recent trend in the building industry but its application is antique,buildings like the falling water house have become famous because of its biophilicelements and expressions. Humans are part of nature and its inherent need to connect with nature is embedded in our DNA and our physical, psychological and social wellbeing is depended on this continuos connection. In a world where there is technological improvements and innovations these needs can be met by integrating elements of nature into the built environment asbiophilic design have become a tool in achieving this innate connection. Connecting man with nature can be effectively created directly, indirectly or symbolically using the identified biophilic patterns and parameters. This is areview article which explains the concept of biophiliaandseeks to identify the biophilic design patterns that were employed in the design of the Falling Water House by Frank Lloyd Wright, 1936-1939. Data used for this research paper were sourced from secondary data; books, articles, photographs and architectural magazines to get detailed knowledge about the building of interest. The researchhave identified13 patterns of biophilic design in the falling water house and have expressed in details how it has been used with each of the spaces having a minimum of four(4) identified patterns, the result have also showed that 68% is the nature of the space pattern while natural analogues pattern and nature of the space patterns had 16% respectively.Biophilic designs should be seen as a tradition for contemporary architects to design built spaces, the habitat we create for ourselves should be able to meet our physical, social and psychological needs having less impact on our health and the environment thus, creating a sustainable built environment.

ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings

Max Underwood

This paper examines the prolific residential career of Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959), and how he was able to formulate a coherent technical vocabulary out of two investigations, one into the "Technology of Appearance" and a second into the "Technology of Innovation", which ultimately led to a "Technology of Synthesis" and the realization of his masterpiece, Fallingwater in 1935." As Frank Lloyd Wright reminds us, "A house we like to believe is the status quo; a noble consort to man and the trees; therefore the house should have response and such texture as will quiet the whole and make it graciously at one with external Nature. Human houses should not be like boxes, blazing in the sun, nor should we outrage the Machine by trying to make dwelling places too complementary to Machinery. Any building for humane purposes should be an elemental, sympathetic feature of the ground, complementary to its natural environment, belonging by kinship to the terrain and place."

The Branding of Fallingwater (Book)

Gjoko Muratovski

Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater is one of the most unique houses in the world, and it needed people just as unique to help make this timeless treasure a reality. Since Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater opened to the public in 1964, more than six million visitors have experienced this architectural masterwork. Now, 55 years after its debut, Fallingwater is making its first steps towards establishing itself as an iconic brand as well. Fallingwater has always been a place for inspired thinking. When Edgar Kaufmann, jr. donated Fallingwater and over 1,500 acres surrounding it to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (WPC) in 1963, he envisioned Fallingwater not only as a place where visitors would come to experience great architecture but also as a place where a deeper experience of art and nature might occur. In a letter dated October 14, 1963, Kaufmann said, “This gift is made in memory of my parents, Liliane S. and Edgar J. Kaufmann; their wish, in which I join, was that the great natural beauty and architectural excellence of the property which they developed might be more fully available to interested scholars and lovers of nature and the arts.” Each year, Fallingwater Institute honours the vision of Edgar Kaufmann, jr. by welcoming visiting artists/scholars of exceptional talent to live, study, and work on our historic site located in Pennsylvania’s scenic Laurel Highlands. In 2018, Dr Gjoko Muratovski was invited as the inaugural Scholar-in-Residence at the Fallingwater Institute. This book is one of the outputs as a result of his residency at Fallingwater.

REYHAN VARLI GÖRK

RELATED PAPERS

Muhammad fajri romdhoni

lib.gla.ac.uk

Clare Kinsella

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Mark Cooper

Artikel Jurnal

rusmin husain

Genome biology

fernando cruz

Cordula Bischoff

Synthetic Communications

Yasmeen Ali

Luis Castro

Alejandro Echeverry

英国毕业证英国学历认证文凭 Q薇87527357办阿伯丁大学毕业证成绩单、英国Aberdeen学位证，Aberdeen毕业证留信网录取通知书offer代购university Of Aberdeen

Ulrich Hartung

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture

Sherin Sherif

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Dani Garnida

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Anu Turpeinen

Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi

Hakki Buyukbas

Rivista Di Psicologia Clinica

Daniela De Berardinis

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Serge Leblanc

Jenny permata

Vijay Kumar Bhatia

RELATED TOPICS

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

IBDP Visual Arts

Website by Heather McReynolds & Shannon Brinkley

Updated 19 May 2024

InThinking Subject Sites

Subscription websites for IB teachers & their classes

Find out more

• thinkib.net
• IBDP Biology
• IBDP Business Management
• IBDP Chemistry
• IBDP Economics
• IBDP English A Literature
• IBDP English A: Language & Literature
• IBDP English B
• IBDP Environmental Systems & Societies
• IBDP French B
• IBDP Geography
• IBDP German A: Language & Literature
• IBDP History
• IBDP Maths: Analysis & Approaches
• IBDP Maths: Applications & Interpretation
• IBDP Physics
• IBDP Psychology
• IBDP Spanish A
• IBDP Spanish Ab Initio
• IBDP Spanish B
• IBMYP English Language & Literature
• IBMYP Resources
• IBMYP Spanish Language Acquisition
• IB Career-related Programme
• IB School Leadership

Disclaimer : InThinking subject sites are neither endorsed by nor connected with the International Baccalaureate Organisation.

InThinking Subject Sites for IB Teachers and their Classes

Supporting ib educators.

• Comprehensive help & advice on teaching the IB diploma.
• Written by experts with vast subject knowledge.
• Innovative ideas on ATL & pedagogy.
• Detailed guidance on all aspects of assessment.

Developing great materials

• More than 14 million words across 24 sites.
• Masses of ready-to-go resources for the classroom.
• Dynamic links to current affairs & real world issues.
• Updates every week 52 weeks a year.

Integrating student access

• Give your students direct access to relevant site pages.
• Single student login for all of your school’s subscriptions.
• Create reading, writing, discussion, and quiz tasks.
• Monitor student progress & collate in online gradebook.

Meeting schools' needs

• Global reach with more than 200,000 users worldwide.
• Use our materials to create compelling unit plans.
• Save time & effort which you can reinvest elsewhere.
• Consistently good feedback from subscribers.

For information about pricing, click here

Download brochure

See what users are saying about our Subject Sites:

Find out more about our Student Access feature:

Video Overview

IB Approved Workshops

Arts-visual and performing ib myp category 1.

Online (IB Approved), 25 - 27 October 2024 Find out more

Virtual Think-Ins

The dp visual arts exhibition.

Virtual Think-In, 7 June 2024 Find out more

Find all InThinking Workshops at www.inthinking.net

Site authors

Recommendations

The IBDP Art site is brilliant. I use it all the time. Being new the to IBDP and having only 3 students it has been a lifeline

Stephen Davidson Léman International School (China)

Quote of the day

Good art should elicit a response of 'Huh? Wow!' as opposed to 'Wow! Huh?'

Edward Ruscha

Supporting international schools with high quality PD & interactive online resources

Latest updates See all

Art thinking, formal elements with smartphone, course components, differing cultural contexts, start here students, student guide to setting up the comparative study, student gallery, joy, hl process portfolio, most popular see all, exhibition assessment, new grade boundaries, e submission for exhibition, process portfolio, pp assessment criteria, the comparative study, blog see all.

Crunch Time

If you're teaching and preparing for the upcoming deadlines for second-year IB Visual Arts students, your head is likely swimming with to-do...

The Unmotivated Art Student

We all know one... or maybe two. That student who is slow to start and quick to finish, and just doesn't seem to want to give any energy to...

Subscriber comments See all

Heather mcreynolds, clarice nisenbaum, resolved work.

• Find A Tutor
• Geneva Tutors
• Lausanne Tutors
• Zurich Tutors
• Basel Tutors
• Online Tutors
• Maths Tutors
• Chemistry Tutors
• Physics Tutors
• Biology Tutors
• English Tutors
• History Tutors
• Geography Tutors
• Language Tutors
• Special Educational Needs
• Residential Tutors
• Primary School
• School Entrance Exams
• Middle School
• Combined Science
• Maths AA and AI
• IB Internal Assessment
• Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS)
• Sports, Exercise & Health Science
• Computer Science
• Global Politics
• Digital Society
• Business Management
• Visual Arts
• English A/B
• English Oral (IO)
• German Oral (IO)
• French Oral (IO)
• Spanish A/B
• French Ab Initio
• German Ab Initio
• Spanish Ab Initio
• IB Extended Essay
• IB Theory of Knowledge
• University Applications
• Our Approach
• Happy Parents
• School Choice
• Become a Tutor

Great IB EE tutors to boost grades

We can’t stop you worrying about your child’s IB Extended Essay, but we can help with our IB certified teachers & examiners

Which IB teacher or examiner will be your tutor?

Ahmad is an IB and IGCSE Maths teacher. Teaching both Middle and High School students allows Ahmad to follow the progress of his students as they move into IGCSE and IB years. Ahmad is also an IB Revision Course instructor.  He also tutors Maths Internal Assessments.

Joe is an IB Teacher and IB Examiner in Biology & Internal Assessment Moderator & Extended Essay Examiner and a Masters in advanced teaching. He aims to help students be successful learners while mastering Biology and Science knowledge at the same time. He helps students improve for their final IB exams, giving them confidence & self-belief to do their best.

Margarita is an IB Chemistry Teacher & IB Examiner with over 20 years of experience. She has taught students at top international schools, including the International School of Zug and Luzern. She also supports IB students with Internal Assessments, final exam preparation and revision.  She has been an Academic Vice-Principal and a Fulbright Teacher.

Katy has taught at a number of prestigious schools in the U.K. and Switzerland. Katy teaches English IGCSE & IB Diploma alongside TOK, Global Politics, Geography, History, Religious Studies.  She is also an Extended Essay moderator for Global Politics & Geography.

Sebastian is a fully qualified IB English Literature and Language, Theory of Knowledge (TOK) & IB Extended Essay teacher. He also teaches IB French Literature & Language and IB Spanish B. Following more than a decade of teaching in international schools he is able to support IB students with their exam preparation. Specialist English Oral (IO) tutor.

Ayse completed her Masters and PhD in Science Education. She has worked in international schools in Egypt, the United States of America & United Kingdom. Ayse is an IB Examiner, teaching Chemistry for the IB, MYP, IGCSE & AP.

Coral obtained a scholarship to study Visual Arts in New York, followed by a degree in Education from Universidad Internacional de La Rioja in Spain. She has taught Visual Arts at International Schools and curated art fairs such as Art Basel in Miami and CONTEXT in New York. Coral is an IB Visual Arts Examiner.

Dolores is an IB Biology teacher and IB Examiner. She has been teaching MYP and IB for the past 8 years and is currently the IB Coordinator at an International School in Europe.

Elizabeth holds a BA in International Trade and a PhD in Applied Linguistics. She has been an examiner for the IBO since 2014 and has completed a number of advanced IB teacher training courses. Elizabeth teaches Business Studies and Economics IB (SL & HL).

Gary is a top IB Business Management tutor. As IB examiner he knows how to best tutor his students to get the highest score possible in their IB exams. Gary combines expert subject knowledge & a patient approach. He also tutors IB Business management Internal assessments – IAs and Extended Essays – EEs. 

George has over 40 years experience teaching Physics & Chemistry across a number of curriculums. He is currently Head of Chemistry and the lead IB teacher at the VKV International School in Istanbul. George is also an IB examiner and specialises in supporting students with their IAs and EEs.

Hadi currently works at the International School of Viernheim, Germany where in addition to teaching IB Physics & IGCSE Physics. He is the IB Maths and CAS Coordinator. He is also an IBO certified examiner and also specialises in supporting students with their Physics Internal Assessments.

Hassan is a qualified teacher. He has taught for almost 20 years, teaching undergraduates and secondary school students Maths and Physics and is equally comfortable with both the Swiss and French system.

Iordanis is an experienced IB teacher and official IBO examiner. He holds Bachelor degrees in Education, Business Administration and Economics. He has extensive experience teaching IBDP Business and Economics at a number of prestigious international schools and is currently Head of Economics at Berlin Cosmopolitan School.

Jaffal holds a Masters in Applied Maths from the Moscow Institute of Physics & Technology and has many years experience teaching the IB curriculum. He is also an accredited IB examiner.

Jean-Baptiste

Jean-Baptiste holds a Masters in Political Science & History. He began his teaching career in 2004 and has since worked in international education in France, Australia and more recently India where he currently teaches at the Lycée International in Mumbai. Jean-Baptiste has a wealth of experience teaching the IB MYP & DP programmes. He tutors French, Politics, History & Geography and is an accredited IB examiner and Extended Essay supervisor. 

Jean-Pierre

Jean Pierre holds an MA in International Policy Studies from Monterey Institute. He teaches IB History, Spanish and TOK and is trilingual English/French/Spanish. Jean-Pierre has taught at a number of International Schools in the Middle East and more recently in Portugal where he is head of Humanities and lead TOK instructor.

With a PhD in Microbiology, Dipa is a qualified IB Biology & Chemistry Teacher. She is a committed, and innovative Science and Maths teacher. D ipa has been teaching for 8 years alongside her Scientific Research. She teaches Middle School, IGCSE & IB Diploma Maths & Sciences.  She also helps support students with their Internal Assessments.

Maite graduated from the university of Brunel with an MSc in Environmental Management and Policy. She has taught Biology and ESS at MYP and IB Diploma level at various IB schools. Maite is an official ESS IB examiner and specialises in supporting students with their EE’s and IA’s.

Maja has been an IB teacher for 20 years and specialises in tutoring IB Physics up to Diploma level and Maths tuition for the MYP. Maja has also worked as an AP coordinator and is currently an IA Examiner for the IBO.

Majid has a degree in Chemistry, as well as a teaching diploma in secondary education. He has been teaching IB Chemistry for the past 13 years and is an IB Examiner specialising in Internal Assessments.

Maria holds a Phd in Biology and has worked in International Education for over 20 years. She teaches IB Biology & ESS and is an examiner for the IBO. She also teaches Chemistry IB. Maria specialises in supporting students with their Extended Essays and Internal Assessments.

Maria is a certified teacher with a PGCE in Spanish & Italian from Bristol University. She also holds two master’s degrees (Spanish as a foreign language and Spanish and Latin American Literature). She is currently teaching at a prestigious boarding school in Switzerland. Maria teaches IB Spanish A Literature and Spanish B.

Matthew is a professional Maths, Physics and TOK teacher at a large international school. One of our top tutors, Matthew teaches the IB alongside the IGCSE and A Level curricula. Matthew is an Online specialist.

Meera holds a BA in Science Education from the University of Melbourne and is currently the Head of Maths and the IB Coordinator at the International School of Hanover. Prior to this, she taught at colleges and grammar schools in Australia. She has over 30 years experience teaching in various educational settings and specialises in IB Maths MYP and Diploma AA (HL and SL).

As a Maths specialist Mejrima teaches both Analysis and Approaches and Applications and Interpretations at all levels as well as IGCSE and Middle School Maths. She also uses her experience as an IB Examiner to guide her students in how to best perform in their final exams and optimise their marks.

Melina teaches IB History, Global Politics and supervises extended essays and internal assessments. Melina has been an Examiner for the IB since 2014. She holds a Masters in Sociology and completed her Post Graduate Diploma in Cultural Studies at Saint Martin University in Spain. 

Mudassir is an IB Maths Examiner, an IA Moderator and a Diploma Mathematics Curriculum Reviewer for the IBO. He also teaches the MYP, IGCSE and A-Level curriculums as well as SAT preparation. 

Natalie is a certified teacher and has extensive experience supporting IB Biology students at Standard and Higher Level. She is also an expert Extended Essay and Internal Assessment tutor.

Stela holds a BA in Petrochemical Engineering & and a Masters in Process Engineering. She has been teaching chemistry for over 18 years. Stela teaches both Middle School and High School science and has a wealth of experience across the IGCSE, IB, AP, A-level curriculums. She is also an IB Examiner.

Vera is an IB English Examiner and IELTS teacher and has been teaching the IB at top IB World Schools for the last 15 years. Her expertise covers IB English Language & Literature, AP Literature & Composition, and Extended Essay support as well as IGCSE English Literature & Language.

Yilmaz is a Maths IB Examiner and has taught IGCSE, MYP, IB and A Level over the past 24 years. He is also a specialist for the IB Internal Assessment. Yilmaz ensures his lessons reflect the individual needs of each student.

Zeynep is a cum laude graduate from the Painting program of Academy of Fine Arts of Florence, Italy. She currently teaches studio art, ceramics, and graphic design in the most prestigious school in Turkey. Zeynep is an IB DP Visual Arts HL Process Portfolio examiner as well as Visual Arts Extended Essay Examiner.

Wael has been teaching Maths and Economics up to IB Level for 20 years. He is currently the IB Maths coordinator at the German International School in Beirut and is also an official IB Maths Examiner for the IBO. Wael has also delivered a number of workshops including IB Internal Assessments, and IB Maths for Experienced Teachers. 

Find the best IB Extended Essay tutors fast

Fast ib extended essay help from the experts. so whether you are stuck getting started, need help refining your title, or want guidance on how to write a top-scoring ee we are here for you..

Choose your IB Extended Essay tutor from our IB teachers and IB examiners.

Pick daytime, evening, or weekend tuition. Worldwide online tutors, or face to face in Switzerland:

Contact our friendly team to set up lessons fast.

Our approach to tutoring

Advice from our IB Experts

What is the IA, EE or TOK? Everything you need to know about the IB written assignments

How to get top marks in the IB Extended Essay

Why it is a BIG Mistake to Choose a Science Subject for Your Extended Essay

Why parents choose tutorsplus, highly effective individual support.

We combine the best teaching with an individual approach to improve results. One-to-one focus on each student.

Our Tutors Are The Magic Ingredient

We have the best tutors in Switzerland, experienced in Maths, Science, English, Revision and more.

Flexible Tuition To Fit Busy Schedules

Tutoring where you want it when you want it across the Geneva, Lausanne, Zurich and Zug regions in Switzerland.

Find a Tutor

Find a Tutor Today

" * " indicates required fields

Step 1 of 5

Find the best support for your family

Middle East Crisis Biden Declares Israel’s Military Operation in Gaza ‘Is Not Genocide’

• Share full article

Biden says there is ‘no equivalence between Israel and Hamas.’

Biden says israeli military assault in gaza is ‘not genocide’, at a celebration of jewish heritage month, president biden pledged support to israel and condemned a decision by the prosecutor for the international criminal court to seek arrest warrants for top israeli officials..

We stand with Israel to take out Sinwar and the rest of the butchers of Hamas. We want Hamas defeated. We’ll work with Israel to make that happen. And consistent with Jewish values and compassion, kindness and dignity and human life, my team also is providing critical humanitarian assistance to help innocent Palestinian civilians who are suffering greatly because of the war Hamas, Hamas has unleashed. [clapping] Its heartbreaking. Let me be clear. We reject the I.C.C.’s application for arrest warrants against Israeli leaders. [cheering] Whatever these warrants may imply, there is no equivalence between Israel and Hamas, and it’s clear Israel wants to do all it can to ensure civilian protection. But let me be clear. Contrary to allegations against Israel made by the International Court of Justice, what’s happening is not genocide. We reject that. [cheering]

President Biden said flatly on Monday that Israel’s military assault in Gaza in the wake of the Hamas-led Oct. 7 attacks “is not genocide.” “We reject that,” he said, telling an audience of Jewish leaders and activists that Americans “stand with Israel.”

Speaking at a celebration of Jewish Heritage Month in the Rose Garden at the White House, Mr. Biden condemned a decision by the prosecutor for the International Criminal Court to seek arrest warrants for top Israeli officials for crimes against humanity, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, when he requested warrants for three Hamas leaders on the same accusation on Monday.

“Let me be clear, we reject the I.C.C.’s application for arrest warrants against Israeli leaders,” Mr. Biden said, adding to a series of denunciations of the prosecutor’s actions from U.S. officials throughout the day. “Whatever these warrants may imply, there’s no equivalence between Israel and Hamas.”

American officials have said for months that Mr. Biden’s administration rejects the accusation that members of the Israeli military or the country’s political leaders are conducting a genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.

Gazan authorities say at least 35,000 people have been killed during Israel’s bombing campaign and ground offensive in Gaza in response to the Hamas-led attacks on Israel on Oct. 7. Israeli officials deny their forces have purposely targeted civilians, arguing Hamas purposely hides its forces among noncombatants. They also deny Israel has restricted aid to Gaza with the intent of starving people.

Just hours before Mr. Biden’s comments, John Kirby, a national security spokesman for the White House, rejected the implication from the I.C.C. move.

“I.D.F. soldiers are not waking up in the morning, putting their boots on the ground, with direct orders to go kill innocent civilians in Gaza,” Mr. Kirby said, using the abbreviation for the Israel Defense Forces.

But Mr. Biden has rarely been as blunt as he was on Monday, prompted in part by the I.C.C.’s chief prosecutor’s request that the court approve arrest warrants for Mr. Netanyahu and the Israeli defense minister, Yoav Gallant, as well as for Yahya Sinwar, Hamas’s leader within Gaza; Muhammad Deif, Hamas’s military leader; and Ismail Haniyeh, the movement’s Qatar-based political leader.

The prosecutor, Karim Khan, did not directly raise accusations of genocide in his request for the warrants, but they have been leveled against Israel by aid organizations and activists, including by many college students in the United States during weeks of protests, some of which turned violent, at campuses around the country.

Mr. Biden and his aides have repeatedly said they believe the deaths in Gaza are a tragedy and have said Israeli forces need to be more precise in their conduct of military operations to avoid civilian deaths as they prosecute the war against Hamas.

In his remarks on Monday evening, Mr. Biden said that his administration was “providing critical humanitarian assistance to help innocent Palestinian civilians who are suffering greatly because of the war Hamas — Hamas — has unleashed. It’s heartbreaking.”

Mr. Biden’s comments came as he vowed to do everything in his power to help win the release of the hostages still held in Gaza by Hamas. Rachel Goldberg and Jon Polin, American parents of one of the hostages, Hersh Goldberg, were in the audience.

“I pledge to both of you and I mean it — and I know you know, Mom, I mean it — that I will not rest until we bring your loved one home,” Mr. Biden said. “We got to bring him home.”

— Michael D. Shear Reporting from Washington, D.C.

Netanyahu calls the request to issue a warrant for his arrest ‘a disgrace.’

Netanyahu slams i.c.c. for seeking warrants against israeli leaders, prime minister benjamin netanyahu of israel said the international criminal court prosecutor’s request for warrants against him and israel’s defense minister was an attempt to deny israel its right of self-defense..

The outrageous decision by the I.C.C. prosecutor, Karim Khan, to seek arrest warrants against the democratically elected leaders of Israel is a moral outrage of historic proportions. It will cast an everlasting mark of shame on the International Court. Israel is waging just war against Hamas, a genocidal terrorist organization that perpetrated the worst attack on the Jewish people since the Holocaust. The prosecutor’s absurd charges against me and Israel’s defense minister are merely an attempt to deny Israel the basic right of self-defense. And I assure you of one thing: This attempt will utterly fail.

Despite Israel’s sharp internal divides, its leaders largely projected unity on Monday after the chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court said he would apply for arrest warrants for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant, the country’s defense minister, on charges of war crimes.

Mr. Netanyahu labeled the announcement “a disgrace” and “an utter distortion of reality.” He said the potential warrants would not change Israel’s intent to topple Hamas’s rule in Gaza.

“The absurd and false warrant by the Hague prosecutor is not only directed against Israel’s prime minister and its defense minister — it is directed against the entire State of Israel,” Mr. Netanyahu said in a statement.

Mr. Gallant did not immediately comment on the decision. The prosecutor also asked the court’s judges for arrest warrants for top Hamas leaders including Yahya Sinwar, who he said had likely committed “war crimes and crimes against humanity” as well.

Benny Gantz, a leader of Israel’s war cabinet who recently criticized Mr. Netanyahu for mismanaging the war effort, called the decision “moral blindness” and asserted that Israel was fighting “in the most moral way in history, while adhering to international law.”

“If the prosecutor’s position is accepted — that would be an ineffaceable, historic crime,” Mr. Gantz said in a statement.

Israel is not a member of the court and does not recognize its jurisdiction in Israel or Gaza, making the announcement a largely symbolic gesture. But those named in warrants could be arrested if they travel to one of the court’s 124 member nations , which include most European countries but not the United States.

Karim Khan, the chief prosecutor, said he had reasonable grounds to believe Mr. Netanyahu and Mr. Gallant had committed war crimes, including starving civilians as a weapon of war.

In a news conference, the leader of Israel’s parliamentary opposition, Yair Lapid, also criticized Mr. Khan’s decision to request warrants as a “moral and diplomatic disaster.” But minutes later, Mr. Lapid denounced Mr. Netanyahu’s leadership and said the idea that his government would stay in power was a “chilling thought.”

Like many Israeli officials, Mr. Lapid assailed Mr. Khan for issuing arrest warrants for both Israeli and Hamas leaders, seeming to equate the two sides.

“No such comparison can be made — it is unacceptable and unforgivable,” Mr. Lapid said. “We have been conducting a just war. Let us be clear: We will not stay silent.”

Israel Katz, the Israeli foreign minister, said he had ordered the immediate establishment of a “special command center” aimed at fighting the court’s decision. He said the pursuit of arrest warrants against Israeli leaders was meant to “shackle Israel’s hands and prevent it from exercising its right to self-defense.”

“I intend to speak with foreign ministers of leading countries around the world to urge them to oppose the Prosecutor’s decision and declare that even if warrants are issued, they do not intend to enforce them against Israeli leaders,” Mr. Katz said in a statement.

Mr. Netanyahu’s far-right coalition partners were quick to dismiss Mr. Khan’s announcement, calling on Israel to press onward in its campaign in Gaza.

Itamar Ben-Gvir, the hard-line national security minister, called on both Mr. Netanyahu and Mr. Gallant to “ignore the antisemitic prosecutor of the antisemitic court and order the escalation of the attack on Hamas until it is totally defeated.”

Johnatan Reiss contributed reporting from Tel Aviv.

— Aaron Boxerman reporting from Jerusalem

Advertisement

One of the first aid shipments to arrive at a U.S.-built pier was looted.

One of the first aid shipments to arrive in the Gaza Strip through a U.S.-built pier was looted, officials said on Monday, highlighting the ongoing challenge of securely delivering humanitarian assistance in a territory with serious food shortages and other needs.

The failed delivery on Saturday came two days after the floating pier, constructed by the U.S. military at an estimated cost of more than $300 million, was connected to the Mediterranean shore in central Gaza. The U.S. State Department did not respond to requests for comment.

Crowds of Palestinians intercepted a convoy of trucks that had loaded goods from the pier, hastily grabbing and running off with its contents, according to Abeer Etefa, a World Food Program spokeswoman. Two senior Western officials and Majdi Fathi, a Gazan photo journalist, confirmed Ms. Etefa’s account. The officials requested anonymity because they weren’t authorized to speak publicly on the matter.

Aid groups and the United Nations blame the hunger crisis in Gaza on Israel’s restrictions on aid entering the enclave and also on black marketers who have seized supplies to sell at inflated prices. Israeli officials have insisted that enough supplies have been entering the territory and have accused Hamas of stealing and hoarding aid.

For months, as famine has threatened Gaza, Palestinians have forcibly taken aid off trucks. U.N. officials say the looting reflects the desperation of ordinary people trying feed themselves and their families, and they say it has decreased when large amounts of aid consistently enter the enclave.

On Saturday, 11 of 16 trucks that left the pier with aid were looted as they were on their way to a World Food Program warehouse, Ms. Etefa said, adding that the food aid agency had suspended deliveries from the pier on Sunday and Monday.

Footage taken by Mr. Fathi showed dozens of men chaotically grabbing and hurling boxes of supplies from the bed of a truck near Gaza’s coast. In an interview, Mr. Fathi, 43, a freelance photographer, said throngs of people had gathered on the coastal north-south road after hearing that a group of trucks had passed through the area the previous day.

“They completely emptied them,” he said.

In recent days, the aid has been driven from the pier to an Israeli-controlled section of Gaza. There, it has been offloaded from one set of trucks and put on another set of trucks before being transferred to population centers. It is unclear what arrangements have been made to guard the trucks after they leave the Israeli-controlled area

On Friday, 10 trucks carrying aid from the pier, including high-energy biscuits, had arrived at the W.F.P. warehouse without incident, Ms. Etefa said.

She said that incidents like the one on Saturday would recur as long as insufficient food assistance was reaching the people in Gaza, and that more Israeli-approved routes for delivering aid were needed to avoid crowds.

Aid delivery through the two main border crossings in southern Gaza increased sharply in April and early May, though it remained below the level that aid groups said was needed.

But since Israel invaded the eastern section of the southern city of Rafah on May 7 and closed the border crossing there, aid shipments through the southern routes has come to a near-halt , according to the primary U.N. agency for Palestinian aid. The agency, known as UNRWA, said that in a 15-day period through Monday, just 69 aid trucks entered through the two crossings — the lowest rate since the first weeks of the war.

In April, U.S. officials briefed reporters that they hoped the pier operation would initially bring in enough aid for around 90 trucks per day, before scaling up to 150 per day.

The war-torn territory of about 2.2 million civilians is more reliant than ever on humanitarian aid. The devastation after seven months of war and strict Israeli inspections and restrictions on crossing points has limited what can enter Gaza.

Eric Schmitt contributed reporting to this article.

— Adam Rasgon and Patrick Kingsley Reporting from Jerusalem

Former Trump officials meet in Israel with Netanyahu.

One of former President Donald J. Trump’s closest foreign policy advisers, Robert O’Brien, met with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel on Monday as part of a delegation of former Trump officials that visited a number of Israeli leaders.

Mr. O’Brien, who served as national security adviser to Mr. Trump and is expected to play a significant role in any second Trump administration, was joined in the meetings by two other former Trump officials — the former ambassador to the United Arab Emirates, John Rakolta, and the former ambassador to Switzerland, Ed McMullen. The members of the delegation were described by Marshall Wittmann, a spokesman for the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, the pro-Israel lobbying group whose affiliate, the American Israel Education Foundation, funded and organized the trip.

In a brief phone interview, Mr. O’Brien said he had wanted to visit Israel ever since the Hamas-led attack on Oct. 7 to express his “solidarity for Israel and the Jewish people.”

Mr. O’Brien said Mr. Trump was aware of his trip to Israel, but he said the former president had not asked him to go or directed him to say anything to Mr. Netanyahu. He said he was there as a “private citizen,” adding that he did express his view to Mr. Netanyahu that the Hamas terrorist attack would never have happened if Mr. Trump were still president.

Asked whether Mr. Netanyahu also expressed these views about Mr. Trump, Mr. O’Brien said: “He’s a pro, and he understands he needs good relations with the Biden administration. But that was my sentiment.”

The former Trump administration officials and Mr. Netanyahu met on Monday not long after the International Criminal Court’s chief prosecutor in The Hague, Karim Khan, sought arrest warrants for Mr. Netanyahu, his defense chief and three Hamas leaders on charges of crimes against humanity.

Mr. O’Brien said he told Mr. Netanyahu that Mr. Khan’s decision was a “disgrace,” and he reminded the Israeli leader of the Trump administration’s decision to impose sanctions on the International Criminal Court in 2020.

“I’ve spent my entire career as an international lawyer and I’m sickened by this prosecutor,” Mr. O’Brien said. “If he’s really concerned about a genocide he ought to be looking at the C.C.P. and the Uighurs,” he added, referring to the Chinese Communist Party’s oppression of Muslims in the far western region of Xinjiang .

Mr. O’Brien and the other former Trump officials met with several other Israeli policymakers, including the defense minister, Yoav Gallant, and Benny Gantz, a centrist member of Israel’s war cabinet who is increasingly at odds with Mr. Netanyahu.

The delegation also visited two sites of the Hamas terrorist attacks on Oct. 7: the Nir Oz kibbutz and the field in southern Israel, close to the Gaza border, where young Israelis were murdered while dancing at a music festival.

Mr. Wittmann, the AIPAC spokesman, said the trip was planned several months ago and the organization had arranged and funded visits to Israel for former officials from both Democratic and Republican administrations.

— Jonathan Swan

A prosecutor is alleging Israeli officials have used starvation as a weapon of war. Here’s what the charge entails.

No international tribunal has ever tried someone for the crime of using starvation as a weapon of war. So it is notable that the International Criminal Court prosecutor, Karim Khan, included this charge in his statement on Monday, when he announced he was applying for arrest warrants for Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and for defense minister Yoav Gallant.

The prosecutor also asked that arrest warrants be issued for three senior leaders of Hamas, the armed group that rules Gaza, accusing them of murder as a crime against humanity, hostage-taking, rape and torture.

The starvation accusation, however, is directed at Israeli leaders. Although intentionally starving civilians has been considered a violation of international humanitarian law since at least the 1970s, it was only designated as a war crime in 1998, when the I.C.C. was established, as I wrote in a recent article on the subject.

There are two main elements of the crime, according to the I.C.C. statute. The first is the act itself: actions or policies that deprive civilians of “objects indispensable to their survival,” including by interfering with relief supplies. The second is the intent: Starvation must be deliberately used “as a method of warfare.”

In a statement, Mr. Khan said that evidence collected by his office, including interviews with survivors and eyewitnesses, authenticated video, photo and audio material, satellite imagery and “statements from the alleged perpetrator group,” suggested that Israel had “intentionally and systematically deprived the civilian population in all parts of Gaza of objects indispensable to human survival.”

The prosecutor alleges that deliberate starvation occurred through the imposition of a “total siege over Gaza.” He cites the closure of border crossings for extended periods, Israel “arbitrarily restricting” food and medicine after the crossings were reopened and the cutting off of water pipelines and electricity supplies from Israel to Gaza for prolonged periods. He also mentions attacks on aid workers delivering food.

Israel has previously vehemently denied placing limits on aid.

In addition to the specific charge of starvation, Mr. Khan also requested warrants for the Israeli leaders on charges of “extermination and/or murder,” both of which are crimes against humanity. It appears that those charges may relate at least in part to the siege, because the statement specifically mentioned deaths from starvation in that context.

As I wrote in the previous piece, intentionally depriving civilians of food and water could be a war crime even if no one actually starved to death. The crimes against humanity of extermination and murder, by contrast, would focus on the deaths that occurred as a result.

Alex de Waal, a professor at Tufts University and the author of three books on starvation and famine, has studied conflicts where hunger has been weaponized, including most recently in Ukrainian cities occupied by Russia.

While noting that starvation as a weapon of war has never been tested in court, Mr. de Waal said he believed the charge could be easier to prove in the context of Gaza than in other conflicts, because of the enclave’s dependence on essential goods coming through border crossings.

“In assessments for food insecurity, there’s always a margin of error. You don’t know what is being smuggled in, what food people find in the wild,” he said. “This is not the case in Gaza. In Gaza you can be very precise.”

He added that starvation “is different from other crimes because it takes time and the outcome is foreseeable. And there is the opportunity to remedy your actions.”

Marlise Simons contributed reporting

— Amanda Taub

Here are some other leaders for whom the International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants.

If the International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for leaders of Israel and Hamas, as its prosecutor requested on Monday, they would join more than 50 people who have been charged before the court in its more than two decades of operation.

Here are some other leaders for whom warrants have been issued. The court, based in The Hague, has no police force, but those named in warrants could be arrested if they travel to one of its 124 member nations , which include most European countries.

The court issued an arrest warrant for President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia in March 2023 for crimes committed during Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, including for the forcible deportation of children . A warrant was also issued for Maria Lvova-Belova, Russia’s commissioner for children’s rights. Mr. Putin has since made several international trips, including to China this month .

The court issued warrants in 2009 and 2010 for former president Omar Hassan al-Bashir of Sudan for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in the western region of Darfur.

The court has also charged several other Sudanese officials, including a former defense minister, Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein, with crimes in Darfur.

In 2015, Mr. al-Bashir traveled to an African Union summit in South Africa in defiance of the warrant but was not arrested.

Mr. al-Bashir, 80, who was deposed in 2019 after three decades in power , also faces charges in Sudan related to the 1989 coup that propelled him to power, and he faces a death sentence or life in prison on those charges if convicted.

He has not been transferred to the court in The Hague and his whereabouts have been unclear amid a civil war that began last year. He had been held at a prison in Khartoum where he was serving a sentence for corruption.

The court issued arrest warrants in 2011 for Libya’s then-leader, Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi, along with one of his sons and his intelligence chief, accusing them of crimes against humanity during the first two weeks of the uprising in Libya that led to a NATO bombing campaign.

Mr. Qaddafi was killed by rebels in Libya months later and never appeared before the court. His son remains at large.

The court dropped a case in 2016 against Kenya’s then-deputy president, William Ruto, who had been charged in 2011 with crimes against humanity and other offenses in connection with postelection violence in Kenya in 2007 and 2008. Mr. Ruto was elected president of Kenya in 2022.

Ivory Coast

Laurent Gbagbo, the former president of Ivory Coast, was also indicted by the court in 2011 for acts committed during violence after the country’s elections in 2010. Mr. Gbagbo and another leader in Ivory Coast, Charles Blé Goudé, were acquitted in 2021.

— Matthew Mpoke Bigg

Who is Karim Khan, the I.C.C. prosecutor?

Karim Khan, the International Criminal Court prosecutor who announced on Monday that he would apply for arrest warrants for leaders of Israel and Hamas, has gained a reputation over a long career in international law as a gifted speaker and a tough-minded litigator.

A British litigator, he took over as chief prosecutor of the I.C.C. in June 2021. Before that, he had served for both the defense and the prosecution at several international courts.

Among his high-profile clients were Seif al-Islam el-Qaddafi , son of the late Libyan dictator Muammar el-Qaddafi ; and Charles Taylor, the former president of Liberia, who fired him.

One contentious case was his defense of William Ruto, now the president of Kenya, who faced charges of inciting violence that followed national elections. In 2016, when Mr. Ruto was deputy president, the case ended in a mistrial because of witness interference and political meddling. Mr. Khan was not accused of wrongdoing. He also worked on war crimes issues in Rwanda, Cambodia and Iraq.

The I.C.C. member nations elect a prosecutor in a secret ballot, and in 2021 they chose Mr. Khan after a monthslong deadlock . He received strong backing from Britain, among others in Europe. Though the United States is not a member of the court, Washington officials supported him behind the scenes.

One of his first acts as prosecutor, which took many by surprise, was to “deprioritize” an investigation into abuse of prisoners by American forces in Afghanistan, instead focusing on the larger-scale alleged crimes by the Taliban and Islamic State.

He began an investigation into Russia’s invasion of Ukraine soon after it began in 2022, and obtained an arrest warrant for President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia and another Russian official in March 2023. He had shown little progress in an investigation, opened in 2021, of alleged crimes by Israel against Palestinians, nor of crimes by Hamas.

Numerous legal commentators have argued that the disparity reflects a double standard that harms the court, though the court has said that the investigation has been hampered by lack of cooperation from Israel. Critics charged that Mr. Khan was slow to react to the Hamas-led attack against Israel on Oct. 7, and Israel’s subsequent military response, which has created a humanitarian crisis in its effort to crush Hamas.

But Mr. Kahn has noted that investigators were allowed to work inside Ukraine immediately, while Israel has prevented him or anyone from his office from entering Gaza. He was recently permitted to travel to the West Bank and to villages in Israel that were attacked by Hamas.

Mr. Khan’s announcement on Monday that he had asked the judges for arrest warrants for two top Israeli officials — Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant, the country’s defense minister — and three Hamas leaders was an exceptional event by I.C.C. standards.

Instead of waiting for judges to decide or sign warrants, he unexpectedly revealed his plans in a recorded announcement on the court’s website. Equally unusual was his simultaneous disclosure of a list of prominent experts, two of them former judges, whom he had consulted to review his evidence and his legal analysis before seeking the warrants. While prosecutors are known to consult specialists, some experts saw the publication of the list of names as an effort by Mr. Khan to demonstrate that there was strong legal support for his decision outside the court.

Christine van den Wyngaert, a veteran Belgian jurist who has served on the I.C.C. and other international tribunals, said Mr. Khan was “showing that he gave this a lot of thought.”

She added: “He appears to be more prudent than his predecessors. Their cases at times failed because they lacked sufficient evidence.”

— Marlise Simons

Amal Clooney was on a panel of experts that recommended the I.C.C. arrest warrants.

Amal Clooney revealed on Monday that she had reviewed the International Criminal Court prosecutor’s investigation that led to the request for arrest warrants for three Hamas leaders and two Israeli leaders, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant.

Ms. Clooney, a prominent British lawyer, specializes in international law and human rights. She has appeared before the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice, where she has represented victims of mass atrocities.

She had received criticism on social media for not speaking up about the Israel-Hamas war. On Monday, she said in a statement that she was a member of an eight-person panel of legal and academic experts convened in January by the International Criminal Court at the request of its prosecutor, Karim Khan, to review his investigation into possible crimes committed in the conflict.

For this investigation, the panel was asked to determine if the prosecutor’s applications for arrest warrants met the International Criminal Court’s standard. Specifically, the group was asked whether there were “reasonable grounds to believe” that those named in the warrant applications had committed crimes within the court’s jurisdiction, including genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.

The panel unanimously concluded that there were such grounds, and published a report on Monday detailing their findings. Ms. Clooney said in a statement that the panel “engaged in an extensive process of evidence review and legal analysis,” before reaching its decision.

“The law that protects civilians in war was developed more than 100 years ago and it applies in every country in the world regardless of the reasons for a conflict,” Ms. Clooney said. “As a human rights lawyer, I will never accept that one child’s life has less value than another’s.”

Israel — like the United States — is not a signatory to the international treaty that created the court, and does not accept the court’s jurisdiction. But Ms. Clooney said, “I do not accept that any conflict should be beyond the reach of the law, nor that any perpetrator should be above the law.”

Ms. Clooney is a barrister at Doughty Street Chambers in London, a group of associated lawyers with a specialty in human rights, and is an adjunct professor at Columbia Law School in New York City. She also founded the Clooney Foundation for Justice with her husband, the actor George Clooney, a nonprofit that provides free legal support to victims of human rights abuses.

In September 2021, she was appointed by Mr. Khan to serve as a special adviser on the Sudanese region of Darfur, where a civil war has led to a humanitarian crisis that U.N. officials say is one of the worst in decades.

The panel convened to consider arrest warrants in the case of Israel and Hamas included Adrian B. Fulford, a former judge of the International Criminal Court and retired justice of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales; and Theodor Meron, a Holocaust survivor, former Israeli official, and former judge of the international tribunals on Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia.

In an op-ed published in The Financial Times , the members of the panel said that they “hope that this process will contribute to increased protections for civilians and sustainable peace in a region that has already endured too much.”

— Amanda Holpuch

Leaders of past protests in Israel re-emerge as Parliament reconvenes.

Israel’s Parliament was the focus of resurgent antigovernment protests on Monday as it opened its summer session after a six-week recess.

Questions have been swirling about the stability of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s coalition, and the protests, primarily calling for early elections, came days after deep divisions within the wartime emergency cabinet burst into the open .

Before the assault on southern Israel on Oct. 7, mass rallies against a judicial overhaul plan , advanced by Mr. Netanyahu’s far-right and religiously ultraconservative governing coalition, had rocked Israel for months. The grass-roots leaders of those antigovernment protests had largely stepped back after the Hamas-led attacks, but on Monday, during a “Day of Disturbance,” many re-emerged to lead demonstrations.

Shikma Bressler, a particle physicist who became the face of the protests last year but who lowered her profile as Israel waged war in Gaza, led an action on Monday that saw convoys of hundreds of cars driving slowly on highways across the country, snarling traffic and converging on Jerusalem.

A large rally was planned outside Parliament to coincide with the assembly’s opening ceremony.

A protest group called Brothers and Sisters in Arms, made up of military reservists, was back out on the main Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway on Monday morning, holding portraits of hostages who remain in Gaza. The group rose to prominence during last year’s protests against the judicial overhaul plans.

At that time, the group made contentious calls for volunteer reserve soldiers to quit the military, arguing that the judicial plan undermined the democracy they had signed up to serve. But on Oct. 7, the group’s leaders abruptly reversed course and urged all those who received call-up orders to join the war.

The 2023 protests focused on domestic issues like the judicial overhaul plan, the nature of Israeli democracy and religious-secular tensions. By contrast, the scattered protests that have been building up over recent months have centered on demands for the government to bring the hostages home and to take responsibility for the policy and intelligence failures before Oct. 7.

Mr. Netanyahu, Israel’s longest-serving prime minister, has so far refused to take any personal responsibility for those failures. His defense minister, Yoav Gallant; and Benny Gantz, a former military chief and another key member of the war cabinet, have implicitly accused Mr. Netanyahu of putting his own political survival ahead of national security by appeasing his far-right coalition partners in the way he is prosecuting the war.

Mr. Gantz and Mr. Gallant have, in recent days, publicly demanded that Mr. Netanyahu come up with a decisive and coherent strategy for postwar Gaza, where Hamas keeps returning to areas that the Israeli military says it has cleared. Mr. Gantz issued an ultimatum that he would quit the government by June 8 if there was no clear path forward.

Mr. Gantz’s centrist National Unity party joined the government in October out of a sense of responsibility, he said at the time. His party’s departure would not topple Mr. Netanyahu, whose coalition would still command a majority of 64 seats in the 120-seat Parliament.

But Monday’s protests underscored popular frustration with the government, which has so far failed to achieve its stated goal of eliminating Hamas in Gaza.

“No majority of 64 will stop the people,” Ms. Bressler, the protest leader, said as the convoys prepared to set out.

— Isabel Kershner reporting from Jerusalem