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In academia, analytical report writing is one of the predominant, essential aspects of research writing. It’s a technical aspect of report writing that requires the collating of a bunch of qualitative and quantitative data, gathering relevant findings which will help the researcher come to a reasonable and workable solution.

This pattern of research writing can be found in different fields but is prevalent within business writing, making it a primarily used writing technique in MBA classes. Topics for analytical reports are widespread among MBA students in both colleges and universities.

On the other hand, Analytical reporting has intrinsic parts that complete the writing process. They include; the title page, table of contents, a clause, the main discussion, the conclusions, the recommendations, and sections for bibliography or appendices, which are required only when necessary.

Understanding the various roles the parts play within an analytical report enables you to select an analytical report topic. You’ll find in this piece some fascinating analytical essay topics for college and easy analytical essay topics for your research.

Uncomplicated Topics for Analytical Report

As a student engulfed with loads of school work to constantly deal with, the last thing you’d want to add to your plate is working on a complicated topic for an analytical essay. Here are some easy, straightforward analytical essay ideas.

• Does digital marketing create more traction than traditional marketing has ever done?
• A study into the effects of the proliferation of digital marketing on young adults
• The relationship and distinction between digital marketing and digital advertising in the 21st century
• A study on how advertising in the 21st century has risen exponentially than in the 20th century using reliable data information
• An overview of some of the areas through which marketing will be challenged in the case of the decline of technology
• Advantages and disadvantages of using personal social media accounts for marketing and advertising reasons
• Some of the growing benefits of online shopping as against physical store shopping
• Accessing the impact of digital marketing on the growth and performance of a company
• Accessing the use of hybrid marketing strategy for upcoming businesses
• The effect of the global pandemic on small scale businesses
• A study of marketing strategy during the global lockdown
• Analyze the preparation of a digital marketing campaign
• Efficient ways to carry out digital marketing
• Effective digital advertising strategies
• Should discounts and gifts be regarded as an effective digital marketing strategy?
• Sampling as an effective marketing tool
• Marketing tips that enabled wellness companies to double their revenue amidst a pandemic
• Effective ways brands can carry out advertisements and marketing on products that are liable to cause health hazards
• Importance of using Instagram for marketing
• How Instagram is gradually turning into a business platform and how business owners can utilize it
• Instagram vs. Twitter: Which is most effective for carrying out products surveys
• A study on how small businesses can utilize Instagram stories to level up their revenue
• A study of social media content creation as a substantial part of marketing.

Advanced Analytical Research Paper Topics

Aside from focusing on easy topics for analytical essays while choosing your analytical report topic ideas, many advanced analytical research papers will need to be written as you advance in your degree. Here are some of the cutting-edge analytical report topics to look into.

• Reasons why certain businesses experience intense lapses in their first trimester.
• Some of the best ways through which the government can better regulate taxes in favor of small businesses.
• Why large scale businesses need to pay more in taxation.
• The effects of multiple taxations on small scale businesses.
• Causes of insufficient taxation targeted at large scale businesses.
• A Taxing Problem: Why taxing amongst small, medium, and large enterprises should be regulated according to the revenue power.
• A study on why low-income neighborhoods are at the lowest echelon of government care.
• High crime rates in low-income communities and how it’s being propagated by capitalism.
• Capitalism and Socialism: Which is the lesser evil?
• NeoCapitalism and its contribution to poverty rates.
• Pros and Cons of practicing capitalism in America.
• A study of the food waste system and food insecurity in America.
• Agriculture: why it’s not the answer to food insecurity.
• Analyze how poverty promotes the influx of capitalism into low-income neighborhoods.
• Gentrification as a capitalist means of impoverishing people in low-income neighborhoods.
• Should Small and Medium-sized enterprises pay tax?
• Importance of tax refunds.
• How racial inequalities primarily sponsor taxation.
• How does racial equality grow the economic power of a nation?
• Analyze the relationship between capitalism and neo-capitalism.
• Analytically discuss the causes of inflation and how it can be curbed in advanced countries like America
• Rising causes of the present recession faced by countries.
• Cappletalism: the end of Apple’s capitalization?
• Global Jihad and the impact of the Taliban’s victory.
• Analyze the Great Depression and how it shaped the industrial revolution.

Analytics Essay Topics for College Students

For college students looking for analytical topics on various issues for college assignments or which topic is best for an analytical essay, this list contains fascinating topics for analytical essay prompts.

• How does the Internet impact the behaviors of young adults?
• What processes could be carried out by fintech companies to achieve cashless and unrestricted transactions worldwide?
• An overview of the economic benefits of wireless transactions.
• Economic unrestricted transactions proffer.
• Pros and Cons of only using digital media for business transactions.
• Benefits of digital media as the only means of business promotion.
• What is the importance of promoting free healthcare in countries?
• Why older generations are victims of cyber fraud.
• Cyberbullying and ways to address it.
• Is anti-cyberbullying effective?
• Possible ways through which drug addiction amongst youths can be curbed.
• The role of education in enhancing one’s knowledge.
• The benefits of internet connectivity to businesses.
• Exploring the upside and downside of the global pandemic.
• Pros and Cons of online shopping.
• Effective measures to curbing alcohol and drug abuse amongst college students.
• Effective ways through which students can progress in their academics.
• Why screen time should be regulated for college students.
• Substantial causes of depression amongst college students.
• How social media influences character build.
• Worldwide thrifting as a viable means of curbing the rising consequences of fast fashion.
• A look into the causes of food insecurity in low-income neighborhoods.
• What governments fail to know about privacy infringement.
• The rise of cyberfraud and the implications of cryptocurrency.
• Explain how the Blockchain industry is a haven for criminals and frauds.

Analytical Paper Ideas on Environmental Issues

For students who are focusing their analytical report writing on environmental issues, there is a wide range of topics for an analytical essay in this field. Here are some analytical writing prompts to look into.

• What are the intrinsic benefits of encouraging the growth of house and indoor plants?
• Analyze the helpful impacts of encouraging the use of sustainable products in our environments.
• A study of the harmful effects of the constant use of plastics.
• How the continuous dumping of plastics in the ocean affects aquatic lives.
• Ways to encourage go-green strategies in the environment and possible ways to maintain it.
• The cost of moving from plastic to the use of sustainable products.
• How the use of bamboo for production purposes also affects the environment.
• World Earth Day: what does it signify and plausible ways to attain its purpose.
• Ways to find a balance between plastic use and sustainable products.
• Recycling: how does it benefit the environment?
• Ways to promote the use of sustainable products.
• Climate change: how to resolve it or plausible ways to manage it.
• An overview into global warming and how it is affecting our environments today.
• Some unnoticed effects of global warming on the animals in our environments.
• Effective ways to manage and control global warming.
• Agriculture: a study into how it can promote healthy living and curb the existing effects of global warming.
• Analysis on how planting can hinder the continuous upsurge of global warming in our society.
• A look into the cost of managing our environments.
• Health benefits of practicing green living.
• The connections between veganism and sustainable living.
• How to better manage plastic waste
• Effective ways to curb the widespread global warming.
• Why governments should implement the carbon tax.
• Carbon tax: benefiting the rich or the poor?
• Impact of sustainable fashion on global warming and climate change.

Analytical Essay Topic Ideas for Test and Practices

As a college student preparing to write your analytical report essay, most times, to keep you grounded, you’ll be required to carry out some tests and practices to ensure your familiarity with the writing. Here are some analytical essay topic prompts to assist you.

• What is the distinction between personality and one’s upbringing?
• How does one’s upbringing interfere with their personality?
• On dealing with issues of the abortion ban, how does this deny women access to care for their bodies?
• The effects of promoting abortion pill control
• A study on how abortion regulation tampers with human and women’s rights
• How could suicide as a growing social epidemic be curbed in our societies
• Harmful effects of cyberbullying on teenagers and how it affects their psyche
• Mental health: Why therapy should be a free healthcare benefit
• Teacher-Student relationship and how it interferes with the etiquettes of teaching and learning
• What are the ways government can promote free therapy services to underserved citizens?
• Psychology: A case study of some of the vital ways through which family affects the psychological reactions of children
• How living in foster homes and growing up as foster kid impacts how most people see the world
• Food insecurity and how it affects the academic performance of most students
• Welfare services: A study on whether or not welfare services should be promoted in underdeveloped countries
• At what stage does a country move from underdeveloped to developing?
• What is the significant distinction between underdeveloped countries and developing countries?
• An analysis into the root causes of child mortality rate in black and low-income neighborhoods in America
• A study of recession and inflation and how they both impact the economic well-being of a given country
• An analytical study of sex, gender, gender roles and how they all impact the society
• A study of the harmful results of unresolved cases of teenage drug abuse and how it causes growth deficit
• Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and how government should help in promoting them
• The distinction and similarities between rehabilitation centers and alcoholic anonymous meetings

Interesting Analytical Writing Topics

It’s important to note that analytical essay topics can focus on any particular issue at all. The following contains some exciting analysis topics and ideas you can explore.

• A study on how GRE exams enable college students to make better choices in school
• A look into the benefits of GRE exams to international students
• Why international students should pay attention to exams like IELTS
• The importance of introducing race relation topics to high school and college students
• An in-depth comparison of the education system in the UK and that of the US
• Exploring the issue of student loans and possible ways to curb it
• Why every student, both foreign and local students should aspire towards fully funded scholarships
• The importance of fully-funded scholarships to students from underdeveloped countries
• The devaluation of currencies and how this affects the global economy
• An in-depth analysis into how the global pandemic disrupted the global economy
• Analyze the Pros and Cons of government stimulus checks handed out during the pandemic
• What are the ways through which coronavirus can be curbed effectively across the globe
• Is Coronavirus an effect of global warming?
• The emergence of 5G networks and where technology hopes to go shortly
• Compare and Contrast the 4G network and 5G network and ways through which they promote globalization
• Is email marketing the most viable means of digital marketing?
• What are some of the underlying influences of the interference of politics in business and how it could hinder or promote sustainable growth
• The importance of restricting the upsurge of gentrification in low-income neighborhoods
• Gender roles: how does the social assigning of various functions to different genders contribute to gender-based violence in our society?
• Screen time: Why students should ensure to practice boundaries on how they use the internet and social media
• Possible ways to regulate the high risk of crimes prevalent in low-income neighborhoods
• A study of the effects of policing the female body.

Analytical Report Help Is Here

Are you a student looking to write a custom analytical essay and need easy and researchable ideas to achieve this? Look no further, for there are online expert writers who offer essay writing help for college and for university students who require fast essay writing services that are of high quality and also at cheap rates.

How to Write a Research Proposal: (with Examples & Templates)

Table of Contents

Before conducting a study, a research proposal should be created that outlines researchers’ plans and methodology and is submitted to the concerned evaluating organization or person. Creating a research proposal is an important step to ensure that researchers are on track and are moving forward as intended. A research proposal can be defined as a detailed plan or blueprint for the proposed research that you intend to undertake. It provides readers with a snapshot of your project by describing what you will investigate, why it is needed, and how you will conduct the research.  

Your research proposal should aim to explain to the readers why your research is relevant and original, that you understand the context and current scenario in the field, have the appropriate resources to conduct the research, and that the research is feasible given the usual constraints.  

This article will describe in detail the purpose and typical structure of a research proposal , along with examples and templates to help you ace this step in your research journey.  

What is a Research Proposal ?  

A research proposal¹ ,²  can be defined as a formal report that describes your proposed research, its objectives, methodology, implications, and other important details. Research proposals are the framework of your research and are used to obtain approvals or grants to conduct the study from various committees or organizations. Consequently, research proposals should convince readers of your study’s credibility, accuracy, achievability, practicality, and reproducibility.   

With research proposals , researchers usually aim to persuade the readers, funding agencies, educational institutions, and supervisors to approve the proposal. To achieve this, the report should be well structured with the objectives written in clear, understandable language devoid of jargon. A well-organized research proposal conveys to the readers or evaluators that the writer has thought out the research plan meticulously and has the resources to ensure timely completion.  

Purpose of Research Proposals  

A research proposal is a sales pitch and therefore should be detailed enough to convince your readers, who could be supervisors, ethics committees, universities, etc., that what you’re proposing has merit and is feasible . Research proposals can help students discuss their dissertation with their faculty or fulfill course requirements and also help researchers obtain funding. A well-structured proposal instills confidence among readers about your ability to conduct and complete the study as proposed.  

Research proposals can be written for several reasons:³  

• To describe the importance of research in the specific topic  
• Address any potential challenges you may encounter  
• Showcase knowledge in the field and your ability to conduct a study  
• Apply for a role at a research institute  
• Convince a research supervisor or university that your research can satisfy the requirements of a degree program  
• Highlight the importance of your research to organizations that may sponsor your project  
• Identify implications of your project and how it can benefit the audience  

What Goes in a Research Proposal?    

Research proposals should aim to answer the three basic questions—what, why, and how.  

The What question should be answered by describing the specific subject being researched. It should typically include the objectives, the cohort details, and the location or setting.  

The Why question should be answered by describing the existing scenario of the subject, listing unanswered questions, identifying gaps in the existing research, and describing how your study can address these gaps, along with the implications and significance.  

The How question should be answered by describing the proposed research methodology, data analysis tools expected to be used, and other details to describe your proposed methodology.   

Research Proposal Example  

Here is a research proposal sample template (with examples) from the University of Rochester Medical Center. 4 The sections in all research proposals are essentially the same although different terminology and other specific sections may be used depending on the subject.  

Structure of a Research Proposal  

If you want to know how to make a research proposal impactful, include the following components:¹  

1. Introduction  

This section provides a background of the study, including the research topic, what is already known about it and the gaps, and the significance of the proposed research.  

2. Literature review  

This section contains descriptions of all the previous relevant studies pertaining to the research topic. Every study cited should be described in a few sentences, starting with the general studies to the more specific ones. This section builds on the understanding gained by readers in the Introduction section and supports it by citing relevant prior literature, indicating to readers that you have thoroughly researched your subject.  

3. Objectives  

Once the background and gaps in the research topic have been established, authors must now state the aims of the research clearly. Hypotheses should be mentioned here. This section further helps readers understand what your study’s specific goals are.  

4. Research design and methodology  

Here, authors should clearly describe the methods they intend to use to achieve their proposed objectives. Important components of this section include the population and sample size, data collection and analysis methods and duration, statistical analysis software, measures to avoid bias (randomization, blinding), etc.  

5. Ethical considerations  

This refers to the protection of participants’ rights, such as the right to privacy, right to confidentiality, etc. Researchers need to obtain informed consent and institutional review approval by the required authorities and mention this clearly for transparency.  

6. Budget/funding  

Researchers should prepare their budget and include all expected expenditures. An additional allowance for contingencies such as delays should also be factored in.  

7. Appendices  

This section typically includes information that supports the research proposal and may include informed consent forms, questionnaires, participant information, measurement tools, etc.  

8. Citations  

Important Tips for Writing a Research Proposal  

Writing a research proposal begins much before the actual task of writing. Planning the research proposal structure and content is an important stage, which if done efficiently, can help you seamlessly transition into the writing stage. 3,5  

The Planning Stage  

• Manage your time efficiently. Plan to have the draft version ready at least two weeks before your deadline and the final version at least two to three days before the deadline.
• What is the primary objective of your research?  
• Will your research address any existing gap?  
• What is the impact of your proposed research?  
• Do people outside your field find your research applicable in other areas?  
• If your research is unsuccessful, would there still be other useful research outcomes?  

  The Writing Stage  

• Create an outline with main section headings that are typically used.  
• Focus only on writing and getting your points across without worrying about the format of the research proposal , grammar, punctuation, etc. These can be fixed during the subsequent passes. Add details to each section heading you created in the beginning.   
• Ensure your sentences are concise and use plain language. A research proposal usually contains about 2,000 to 4,000 words or four to seven pages.  
• Don’t use too many technical terms and abbreviations assuming that the readers would know them. Define the abbreviations and technical terms.  
• Ensure that the entire content is readable. Avoid using long paragraphs because they affect the continuity in reading. Break them into shorter paragraphs and introduce some white space for readability.  
• Focus on only the major research issues and cite sources accordingly. Don’t include generic information or their sources in the literature review.  
• Proofread your final document to ensure there are no grammatical errors so readers can enjoy a seamless, uninterrupted read.  
• Use academic, scholarly language because it brings formality into a document.  
• Ensure that your title is created using the keywords in the document and is neither too long and specific nor too short and general.  
• Cite all sources appropriately to avoid plagiarism.  
• Make sure that you follow guidelines, if provided. This includes rules as simple as using a specific font or a hyphen or en dash between numerical ranges.  
• Ensure that you’ve answered all questions requested by the evaluating authority.  

Key Takeaways   

Here’s a summary of the main points about research proposals discussed in the previous sections:  

• A research proposal is a document that outlines the details of a proposed study and is created by researchers to submit to evaluators who could be research institutions, universities, faculty, etc.  
• Research proposals are usually about 2,000-4,000 words long, but this depends on the evaluating authority’s guidelines.  
• A good research proposal ensures that you’ve done your background research and assessed the feasibility of the research.  
• Research proposals have the following main sections—introduction, literature review, objectives, methodology, ethical considerations, and budget.  

Frequently Asked Questions  

Q1. How is a research proposal evaluated?  

A1. In general, most evaluators, including universities, broadly use the following criteria to evaluate research proposals . 6  

• Significance —Does the research address any important subject or issue, which may or may not be specific to the evaluator or university?  
• Content and design —Is the proposed methodology appropriate to answer the research question? Are the objectives clear and well aligned with the proposed methodology?  
• Sample size and selection —Is the target population or cohort size clearly mentioned? Is the sampling process used to select participants randomized, appropriate, and free of bias?  
• Timing —Are the proposed data collection dates mentioned clearly? Is the project feasible given the specified resources and timeline?  
• Data management and dissemination —Who will have access to the data? What is the plan for data analysis?  

Q2. What is the difference between the Introduction and Literature Review sections in a research proposal ?  

A2. The Introduction or Background section in a research proposal sets the context of the study by describing the current scenario of the subject and identifying the gaps and need for the research. A Literature Review, on the other hand, provides references to all prior relevant literature to help corroborate the gaps identified and the research need.  

Q3. How long should a research proposal be?  

A3. Research proposal lengths vary with the evaluating authority like universities or committees and also the subject. Here’s a table that lists the typical research proposal lengths for a few universities.  

Q4. What are the common mistakes to avoid in a research proposal ?  

A4. Here are a few common mistakes that you must avoid while writing a research proposal . 7  

• No clear objectives: Objectives should be clear, specific, and measurable for the easy understanding among readers.  
• Incomplete or unconvincing background research: Background research usually includes a review of the current scenario of the particular industry and also a review of the previous literature on the subject. This helps readers understand your reasons for undertaking this research because you identified gaps in the existing research.  
• Overlooking project feasibility: The project scope and estimates should be realistic considering the resources and time available.   
• Neglecting the impact and significance of the study: In a research proposal , readers and evaluators look for the implications or significance of your research and how it contributes to the existing research. This information should always be included.  
• Unstructured format of a research proposal : A well-structured document gives confidence to evaluators that you have read the guidelines carefully and are well organized in your approach, consequently affirming that you will be able to undertake the research as mentioned in your proposal.  
• Ineffective writing style: The language used should be formal and grammatically correct. If required, editors could be consulted, including AI-based tools such as Paperpal , to refine the research proposal structure and language.  

Thus, a research proposal is an essential document that can help you promote your research and secure funds and grants for conducting your research. Consequently, it should be well written in clear language and include all essential details to convince the evaluators of your ability to conduct the research as proposed.  

This article has described all the important components of a research proposal and has also provided tips to improve your writing style. We hope all these tips will help you write a well-structured research proposal to ensure receipt of grants or any other purpose.  

References  

• Sudheesh K, Duggappa DR, Nethra SS. How to write a research proposal? Indian J Anaesth. 2016;60(9):631-634. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037942/  
• Writing research proposals. Harvard College Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships. Harvard University. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://uraf.harvard.edu/apply-opportunities/app-components/essays/research-proposals  
• What is a research proposal? Plus how to write one. Indeed website. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/research-proposal  
• Research proposal template. University of Rochester Medical Center. Accessed July 16, 2024. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/MediaLibraries/URMCMedia/pediatrics/research/documents/Research-proposal-Template.pdf  
• Tips for successful proposal writing. Johns Hopkins University. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://research.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Tips-for-Successful-Proposal-Writing.pdf  
• Formal review of research proposals. Cornell University. Accessed July 18, 2024. https://irp.dpb.cornell.edu/surveys/survey-assessment-review-group/research-proposals  
• 7 Mistakes you must avoid in your research proposal. Aveksana (via LinkedIn). Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/7-mistakes-you-must-avoid-your-research-proposal-aveksana-cmtwf/  

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Writing a Rsearch Proposal

A  research proposal  describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.  Your paper should include the topic, research question and hypothesis, methods, predictions, and results (if not actual, then projected).

Research Proposal Aims

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

• Introduction

Literature review

• Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Proposal Format

The proposal will usually have a  title page  that includes:

• The proposed title of your project
• Your supervisor’s name
• Your institution and department

Introduction The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.. Your introduction should:

• Introduce your  topic
• Give necessary background and context
• Outline your  problem statement  and  research questions To guide your  introduction , include information about:  
• Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
• How much is already known about the topic
• What is missing from this current knowledge
• What new insights will your research contribute
• Why you believe this research is worth doing

As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong  literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

• Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
• Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
• Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or  synthesize  prior scholarship

Research design and methods

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your project. Next, your  research design  or  methodology  section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions. Write up your projected, if not actual, results.

Contribution to knowledge

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

• Improving best practices
• Informing policymaking decisions
• Strengthening a theory or model
• Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
• Creating a basis for future research

Lastly, your research proposal must include correct  citations  for every source you have used, compiled in a  reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use free APA citation generators like BibGuru. Databases have a citation button you can click on to see your citation. Sometimes you have to re-format it as the citations may have mistakes. 

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8.5 Writing Process: Creating an Analytical Report

Learning outcomes.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Identify the elements of the rhetorical situation for your report.
• Find and focus a topic to write about.
• Gather and analyze information from appropriate sources.
• Distinguish among different kinds of evidence.
• Draft a thesis and create an organizational plan.
• Compose a report that develops ideas and integrates evidence from sources.
• Give and act on productive feedback to works in progress.

You might think that writing comes easily to experienced writers—that they draft stories and college papers all at once, sitting down at the computer and having sentences flow from their fingers like water from a faucet. In reality, most writers engage in a recursive process, pushing forward, stepping back, and repeating steps multiple times as their ideas develop and change. In broad strokes, the steps most writers go through are these:

• Planning and Organization . You will have an easier time drafting if you devote time at the beginning to consider the rhetorical situation for your report, understand your assignment, gather ideas and information, draft a thesis statement, and create an organizational plan.
• Drafting . When you have an idea of what you want to say and the order in which you want to say it, you’re ready to draft. As much as possible, keep going until you have a complete first draft of your report, resisting the urge to go back and rewrite. Save that for after you have completed a first draft.
• Review . Now is the time to get feedback from others, whether from your instructor, your classmates, a tutor in the writing center, your roommate, someone in your family, or someone else you trust to read your writing critically and give you honest feedback.
• Revising . With feedback on your draft, you are ready to revise. You may need to return to an earlier step and make large-scale revisions that involve planning, organizing, and rewriting, or you may need to work mostly on ensuring that your sentences are clear and correct.

Considering the Rhetorical Situation

Like other kinds of writing projects, a report starts with assessing the rhetorical situation —the circumstance in which a writer communicates with an audience of readers about a subject. As the writer of a report, you make choices based on the purpose of your writing, the audience who will read it, the genre of the report, and the expectations of the community and culture in which you are working. A graphic organizer like Table 8.1 can help you begin.

Summary of Assignment

Write an analytical report on a topic that interests you and that you want to know more about. The topic can be contemporary or historical, but it must be one that you can analyze and support with evidence from sources.

The following questions can help you think about a topic suitable for analysis:

• Why or how did ________ happen?
• What are the results or effects of ________?
• Is ________ a problem? If so, why?
• What are examples of ________ or reasons for ________?
• How does ________ compare to or contrast with other issues, concerns, or things?

Consult and cite three to five reliable sources. The sources do not have to be scholarly for this assignment, but they must be credible, trustworthy, and unbiased. Possible sources include academic journals, newspapers, magazines, reputable websites, government publications or agency websites, and visual sources such as TED Talks. You may also use the results of an experiment or survey, and you may want to conduct interviews.

Consider whether visuals and media will enhance your report. Can you present data you collect visually? Would a map, photograph, chart, or other graphic provide interesting and relevant support? Would video or audio allow you to present evidence that you would otherwise need to describe in words?

Another Lens. To gain another analytic view on the topic of your report, consider different people affected by it. Say, for example, that you have decided to report on recent high school graduates and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the final months of their senior year. If you are a recent high school graduate, you might naturally gravitate toward writing about yourself and your peers. But you might also consider the adults in the lives of recent high school graduates—for example, teachers, parents, or grandparents—and how they view the same period. Or you might consider the same topic from the perspective of a college admissions department looking at their incoming freshman class.

Quick Launch: Finding and Focusing a Topic

Coming up with a topic for a report can be daunting because you can report on nearly anything. The topic can easily get too broad, trapping you in the realm of generalizations. The trick is to find a topic that interests you and focus on an angle you can analyze in order to say something significant about it. You can use a graphic organizer to generate ideas, or you can use a concept map similar to the one featured in Writing Process: Thinking Critically About a “Text.”

Asking the Journalist’s Questions

One way to generate ideas about a topic is to ask the five W (and one H) questions, also called the journalist’s questions : Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Try answering the following questions to explore a topic:

Who was or is involved in ________?

What happened/is happening with ________? What were/are the results of ________?

When did ________ happen? Is ________ happening now?

Where did ________ happen, or where is ________ happening?

Why did ________ happen, or why is ________ happening now?

How did ________ happen?

For example, imagine that you have decided to write your analytical report on the effect of the COVID-19 shutdown on high-school students by interviewing students on your college campus. Your questions and answers might look something like those in Table 8.2 :

Asking Focused Questions

Another way to find a topic is to ask focused questions about it. For example, you might ask the following questions about the effect of the 2020 pandemic shutdown on recent high school graduates:

• How did the shutdown change students’ feelings about their senior year?
• How did the shutdown affect their decisions about post-graduation plans, such as work or going to college?
• How did the shutdown affect their academic performance in high school or in college?
• How did/do they feel about continuing their education?
• How did the shutdown affect their social relationships?

Any of these questions might be developed into a thesis for an analytical report. Table 8.3 shows more examples of broad topics and focusing questions.

Gathering Information

Because they are based on information and evidence, most analytical reports require you to do at least some research. Depending on your assignment, you may be able to find reliable information online, or you may need to do primary research by conducting an experiment, a survey, or interviews. For example, if you live among students in their late teens and early twenties, consider what they can tell you about their lives that you might be able to analyze. Returning to or graduating from high school, starting college, or returning to college in the midst of a global pandemic has provided them, for better or worse, with educational and social experiences that are shared widely by people their age and very different from the experiences older adults had at the same age.

Some report assignments will require you to do formal research, an activity that involves finding sources and evaluating them for reliability, reading them carefully, taking notes, and citing all words you quote and ideas you borrow. See Research Process: Accessing and Recording Information and Annotated Bibliography: Gathering, Evaluating, and Documenting Sources for detailed instruction on conducting research.

Whether you conduct in-depth research or not, keep track of the ideas that come to you and the information you learn. You can write or dictate notes using an app on your phone or computer, or you can jot notes in a journal if you prefer pen and paper. Then, when you are ready to begin organizing your report, you will have a record of your thoughts and information. Always track the sources of information you gather, whether from printed or digital material or from a person you interviewed, so that you can return to the sources if you need more information. And always credit the sources in your report.

Kinds of Evidence

Depending on your assignment and the topic of your report, certain kinds of evidence may be more effective than others. Other kinds of evidence may even be required. As a general rule, choose evidence that is rooted in verifiable facts and experience. In addition, select the evidence that best supports the topic and your approach to the topic, be sure the evidence meets your instructor’s requirements, and cite any evidence you use that comes from a source. The following list contains different kinds of frequently used evidence and an example of each.

Definition : An explanation of a key word, idea, or concept.

The U.S. Census Bureau refers to a “young adult” as a person between 18 and 34 years old.

Example : An illustration of an idea or concept.

The college experience in the fall of 2020 was starkly different from that of previous years. Students who lived in residence halls were assigned to small pods. On-campus dining services were limited. Classes were small and physically distanced or conducted online. Parties were banned.

Expert opinion : A statement by a professional in the field whose opinion is respected.

According to Louise Aronson, MD, geriatrician and author of Elderhood , people over the age of 65 are the happiest of any age group, reporting “less stress, depression, worry, and anger, and more enjoyment, happiness, and satisfaction” (255).

Fact : Information that can be proven correct or accurate.

According to data collected by the NCAA, the academic success of Division I college athletes between 2015 and 2019 was consistently high (Hosick).

Interview : An in-person, phone, or remote conversation that involves an interviewer posing questions to another person or people.

During our interview, I asked Betty about living without a cell phone during the pandemic. She said that before the pandemic, she hadn’t needed a cell phone in her daily activities, but she soon realized that she, and people like her, were increasingly at a disadvantage.

Quotation : The exact words of an author or a speaker.

In response to whether she thought she needed a cell phone, Betty said, “I got along just fine without a cell phone when I could go everywhere in person. The shift to needing a phone came suddenly, and I don’t have extra money in my budget to get one.”

Statistics : A numerical fact or item of data.

The Pew Research Center reported that approximately 25 percent of Hispanic Americans and 17 percent of Black Americans relied on smartphones for online access, compared with 12 percent of White people.

Survey : A structured interview in which respondents (the people who answer the survey questions) are all asked the same questions, either in person or through print or electronic means, and their answers tabulated and interpreted. Surveys discover attitudes, beliefs, or habits of the general public or segments of the population.

A survey of 3,000 mobile phone users in October 2020 showed that 54 percent of respondents used their phones for messaging, while 40 percent used their phones for calls (Steele).

• Visuals : Graphs, figures, tables, photographs and other images, diagrams, charts, maps, videos, and audio recordings, among others.

Thesis and Organization

Drafting a thesis.

When you have a grasp of your topic, move on to the next phase: drafting a thesis. The thesis is the central idea that you will explore and support in your report; all paragraphs in your report should relate to it. In an essay-style analytical report, you will likely express this main idea in a thesis statement of one or two sentences toward the end of the introduction.

For example, if you found that the academic performance of student athletes was higher than that of non-athletes, you might write the following thesis statement:

student sample text Although a common stereotype is that college athletes barely pass their classes, an analysis of athletes’ academic performance indicates that athletes drop fewer classes, earn higher grades, and are more likely to be on track to graduate in four years when compared with their non-athlete peers. end student sample text

The thesis statement often previews the organization of your writing. For example, in his report on the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Trevor Garcia wrote the following thesis statement, which detailed the central idea of his report:

student sample text An examination of the U.S. response shows that a reduction of experts in key positions and programs, inaction that led to equipment shortages, and inconsistent policies were three major causes of the spread of the virus and the resulting deaths. end student sample text

After you draft a thesis statement, ask these questions, and examine your thesis as you answer them. Revise your draft as needed.

• Is it interesting? A thesis for a report should answer a question that is worth asking and piques curiosity.
• Is it precise and specific? If you are interested in reducing pollution in a nearby lake, explain how to stop the zebra mussel infestation or reduce the frequent algae blooms.
• Is it manageable? Try to split the difference between having too much information and not having enough.

Organizing Your Ideas

As a next step, organize the points you want to make in your report and the evidence to support them. Use an outline, a diagram, or another organizational tool, such as Table 8.4 .

Drafting an Analytical Report

With a tentative thesis, an organization plan, and evidence, you are ready to begin drafting. For this assignment, you will report information, analyze it, and draw conclusions about the cause of something, the effect of something, or the similarities and differences between two different things.

Introduction

Some students write the introduction first; others save it for last. Whenever you choose to write the introduction, use it to draw readers into your report. Make the topic of your report clear, and be concise and sincere. End the introduction with your thesis statement. Depending on your topic and the type of report, you can write an effective introduction in several ways. Opening a report with an overview is a tried-and-true strategy, as shown in the following example on the U.S. response to COVID-19 by Trevor Garcia. Notice how he opens the introduction with statistics and a comparison and follows it with a question that leads to the thesis statement (underlined).

student sample text With more than 83 million cases and 1.8 million deaths at the end of 2020, COVID-19 has turned the world upside down. By the end of 2020, the United States led the world in the number of cases, at more than 20 million infections and nearly 350,000 deaths. In comparison, the second-highest number of cases was in India, which at the end of 2020 had less than half the number of COVID-19 cases despite having a population four times greater than the U.S. (“COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic,” 2021). How did the United States come to have the world’s worst record in this pandemic? underline An examination of the U.S. response shows that a reduction of experts in key positions and programs, inaction that led to equipment shortages, and inconsistent policies were three major causes of the spread of the virus and the resulting deaths end underline . end student sample text

For a less formal report, you might want to open with a question, quotation, or brief story. The following example opens with an anecdote that leads to the thesis statement (underlined).

student sample text Betty stood outside the salon, wondering how to get in. It was June of 2020, and the door was locked. A sign posted on the door provided a phone number for her to call to be let in, but at 81, Betty had lived her life without a cell phone. Betty’s day-to-day life had been hard during the pandemic, but she had planned for this haircut and was looking forward to it; she had a mask on and hand sanitizer in her car. Now she couldn’t get in the door, and she was discouraged. In that moment, Betty realized how much Americans’ dependence on cell phones had grown in the months since the pandemic began. underline Betty and thousands of other senior citizens who could not afford cell phones or did not have the technological skills and support they needed were being left behind in a society that was increasingly reliant on technology end underline . end student sample text

Body Paragraphs: Point, Evidence, Analysis

Use the body paragraphs of your report to present evidence that supports your thesis. A reliable pattern to keep in mind for developing the body paragraphs of a report is point , evidence , and analysis :

• The point is the central idea of the paragraph, usually given in a topic sentence stated in your own words at or toward the beginning of the paragraph. Each topic sentence should relate to the thesis.
• The evidence you provide develops the paragraph and supports the point made in the topic sentence. Include details, examples, quotations, paraphrases, and summaries from sources if you conducted formal research. Synthesize the evidence you include by showing in your sentences the connections between sources.
• The analysis comes at the end of the paragraph. In your own words, draw a conclusion about the evidence you have provided and how it relates to the topic sentence.

The paragraph below illustrates the point, evidence, and analysis pattern. Drawn from a report about concussions among football players, the paragraph opens with a topic sentence about the NCAA and NFL and their responses to studies about concussions. The paragraph is developed with evidence from three sources. It concludes with a statement about helmets and players’ safety.

student sample text The NCAA and NFL have taken steps forward and backward to respond to studies about the danger of concussions among players. Responding to the deaths of athletes, documented brain damage, lawsuits, and public outcry (Buckley et al., 2017), the NCAA instituted protocols to reduce potentially dangerous hits during football games and to diagnose traumatic head injuries more quickly and effectively. Still, it has allowed players to wear more than one style of helmet during a season, raising the risk of injury because of imperfect fit. At the professional level, the NFL developed a helmet-rating system in 2011 in an effort to reduce concussions, but it continued to allow players to wear helmets with a wide range of safety ratings. The NFL’s decision created an opportunity for researchers to look at the relationship between helmet safety ratings and concussions. Cocello et al. (2016) reported that players who wore helmets with a lower safety rating had more concussions than players who wore helmets with a higher safety rating, and they concluded that safer helmets are a key factor in reducing concussions. end student sample text

Developing Paragraph Content

In the body paragraphs of your report, you will likely use examples, draw comparisons, show contrasts, or analyze causes and effects to develop your topic.

Paragraphs developed with Example are common in reports. The paragraph below, adapted from a report by student John Zwick on the mental health of soldiers deployed during wartime, draws examples from three sources.

student sample text Throughout the Vietnam War, military leaders claimed that the mental health of soldiers was stable and that men who suffered from combat fatigue, now known as PTSD, were getting the help they needed. For example, the New York Times (1966) quoted military leaders who claimed that mental fatigue among enlisted men had “virtually ceased to be a problem,” occurring at a rate far below that of World War II. Ayres (1969) reported that Brigadier General Spurgeon Neel, chief American medical officer in Vietnam, explained that soldiers experiencing combat fatigue were admitted to the psychiatric ward, sedated for up to 36 hours, and given a counseling session with a doctor who reassured them that the rest was well deserved and that they were ready to return to their units. Although experts outside the military saw profound damage to soldiers’ psyches when they returned home (Halloran, 1970), the military stayed the course, treating acute cases expediently and showing little concern for the cumulative effect of combat stress on individual soldiers. end student sample text

When you analyze causes and effects , you explain the reasons that certain things happened and/or their results. The report by Trevor Garcia on the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 is an example: his report examines the reasons the United States failed to control the coronavirus. The paragraph below, adapted from another student’s report written for an environmental policy course, explains the effect of white settlers’ views of forest management on New England.

student sample text The early colonists’ European ideas about forest management dramatically changed the New England landscape. White settlers saw the New World as virgin, unused land, even though indigenous people had been drawing on its resources for generations by using fire subtly to improve hunting, employing construction techniques that left ancient trees intact, and farming small, efficient fields that left the surrounding landscape largely unaltered. White settlers’ desire to develop wood-built and wood-burning homesteads surrounded by large farm fields led to forestry practices and techniques that resulted in the removal of old-growth trees. These practices defined the way the forests look today. end student sample text

Compare and contrast paragraphs are useful when you wish to examine similarities and differences. You can use both comparison and contrast in a single paragraph, or you can use one or the other. The paragraph below, adapted from a student report on the rise of populist politicians, compares the rhetorical styles of populist politicians Huey Long and Donald Trump.

student sample text A key similarity among populist politicians is their rejection of carefully crafted sound bites and erudite vocabulary typically associated with candidates for high office. Huey Long and Donald Trump are two examples. When he ran for president, Long captured attention through his wild gesticulations on almost every word, dramatically varying volume, and heavily accented, folksy expressions, such as “The only way to be able to feed the balance of the people is to make that man come back and bring back some of that grub that he ain’t got no business with!” In addition, Long’s down-home persona made him a credible voice to represent the common people against the country’s rich, and his buffoonish style allowed him to express his radical ideas without sounding anti-communist alarm bells. Similarly, Donald Trump chose to speak informally in his campaign appearances, but the persona he projected was that of a fast-talking, domineering salesman. His frequent use of personal anecdotes, rhetorical questions, brief asides, jokes, personal attacks, and false claims made his speeches disjointed, but they gave the feeling of a running conversation between him and his audience. For example, in a 2015 speech, Trump said, “They just built a hotel in Syria. Can you believe this? They built a hotel. When I have to build a hotel, I pay interest. They don’t have to pay interest, because they took the oil that, when we left Iraq, I said we should’ve taken” (“Our Country Needs” 2020). While very different in substance, Long and Trump adopted similar styles that positioned them as the antithesis of typical politicians and their worldviews. end student sample text

The conclusion should draw the threads of your report together and make its significance clear to readers. You may wish to review the introduction, restate the thesis, recommend a course of action, point to the future, or use some combination of these. Whichever way you approach it, the conclusion should not head in a new direction. The following example is the conclusion from a student’s report on the effect of a book about environmental movements in the United States.

student sample text Since its publication in 1949, environmental activists of various movements have found wisdom and inspiration in Aldo Leopold’s A Sand County Almanac . These audiences included Leopold’s conservationist contemporaries, environmentalists of the 1960s and 1970s, and the environmental justice activists who rose in the 1980s and continue to make their voices heard today. These audiences have read the work differently: conservationists looked to the author as a leader, environmentalists applied his wisdom to their movement, and environmental justice advocates have pointed out the flaws in Leopold’s thinking. Even so, like those before them, environmental justice activists recognize the book’s value as a testament to taking the long view and eliminating biases that may cloud an objective assessment of humanity’s interdependent relationship with the environment. end student sample text

Citing Sources

You must cite the sources of information and data included in your report. Citations must appear in both the text and a bibliography at the end of the report.

The sample paragraphs in the previous section include examples of in-text citation using APA documentation style. Trevor Garcia’s report on the U.S. response to COVID-19 in 2020 also uses APA documentation style for citations in the text of the report and the list of references at the end. Your instructor may require another documentation style, such as MLA or Chicago.

Peer Review: Getting Feedback from Readers

You will likely engage in peer review with other students in your class by sharing drafts and providing feedback to help spot strengths and weaknesses in your reports. For peer review within a class, your instructor may provide assignment-specific questions or a form for you to complete as you work together.

If you have a writing center on your campus, it is well worth your time to make an online or in-person appointment with a tutor. You’ll receive valuable feedback and improve your ability to review not only your report but your overall writing.

Another way to receive feedback on your report is to ask a friend or family member to read your draft. Provide a list of questions or a form such as the one in Table 8.5 for them to complete as they read.

Revising: Using Reviewers’ Responses to Revise your Work

When you receive comments from readers, including your instructor, read each comment carefully to understand what is being asked. Try not to get defensive, even though this response is completely natural. Remember that readers are like coaches who want you to succeed. They are looking at your writing from outside your own head, and they can identify strengths and weaknesses that you may not have noticed. Keep track of the strengths and weaknesses your readers point out. Pay special attention to those that more than one reader identifies, and use this information to improve your report and later assignments.

As you analyze each response, be open to suggestions for improvement, and be willing to make significant revisions to improve your writing. Perhaps you need to revise your thesis statement to better reflect the content of your draft. Maybe you need to return to your sources to better understand a point you’re trying to make in order to develop a paragraph more fully. Perhaps you need to rethink the organization, move paragraphs around, and add transition sentences.

Below is an early draft of part of Trevor Garcia’s report with comments from a peer reviewer:

student sample text To truly understand what happened, it’s important first to look back to the years leading up to the pandemic. Epidemiologists and public health officials had long known that a global pandemic was possible. In 2016, the U.S. National Security Council (NSC) published a 69-page document with the intimidating title Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents . The document’s two sections address responses to “emerging disease threats that start or are circulating in another country but not yet confirmed within U.S. territorial borders” and to “emerging disease threats within our nation’s borders.” On 13 January 2017, the joint Obama-Trump transition teams performed a pandemic preparedness exercise; however, the playbook was never adopted by the incoming administration. end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: Do the words in quotation marks need to be a direct quotation? It seems like a paraphrase would work here. end annotated text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: I’m getting lost in the details about the playbook. What’s the Obama-Trump transition team? end annotated text

student sample text In February 2018, the administration began to cut funding for the Prevention and Public Health Fund at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; cuts to other health agencies continued throughout 2018, with funds diverted to unrelated projects such as housing for detained immigrant children. end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: This paragraph has only one sentence, and it’s more like an example. It needs a topic sentence and more development. end annotated text

student sample text Three months later, Luciana Borio, director of medical and biodefense preparedness at the NSC, spoke at a symposium marking the centennial of the 1918 influenza pandemic. “The threat of pandemic flu is the number one health security concern,” she said. “Are we ready to respond? I fear the answer is no.” end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: This paragraph is very short and a lot like the previous paragraph in that it’s a single example. It needs a topic sentence. Maybe you can combine them? end annotated text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: Be sure to cite the quotation. end annotated text

Reading these comments and those of others, Trevor decided to combine the three short paragraphs into one paragraph focusing on the fact that the United States knew a pandemic was possible but was unprepared for it. He developed the paragraph, using the short paragraphs as evidence and connecting the sentences and evidence with transitional words and phrases. Finally, he added in-text citations in APA documentation style to credit his sources. The revised paragraph is below:

student sample text Epidemiologists and public health officials in the United States had long known that a global pandemic was possible. In 2016, the National Security Council (NSC) published Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents , a 69-page document on responding to diseases spreading within and outside of the United States. On January 13, 2017, the joint transition teams of outgoing president Barack Obama and then president-elect Donald Trump performed a pandemic preparedness exercise based on the playbook; however, it was never adopted by the incoming administration (Goodman & Schulkin, 2020). A year later, in February 2018, the Trump administration began to cut funding for the Prevention and Public Health Fund at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, leaving key positions unfilled. Other individuals who were fired or resigned in 2018 were the homeland security adviser, whose portfolio included global pandemics; the director for medical and biodefense preparedness; and the top official in charge of a pandemic response. None of them were replaced, leaving the White House with no senior person who had experience in public health (Goodman & Schulkin, 2020). Experts voiced concerns, among them Luciana Borio, director of medical and biodefense preparedness at the NSC, who spoke at a symposium marking the centennial of the 1918 influenza pandemic in May 2018: “The threat of pandemic flu is the number one health security concern,” she said. “Are we ready to respond? I fear the answer is no” (Sun, 2018, final para.). end student sample text

A final word on working with reviewers’ comments: as you consider your readers’ suggestions, remember, too, that you remain the author. You are free to disregard suggestions that you think will not improve your writing. If you choose to disregard comments from your instructor, consider submitting a note explaining your reasons with the final draft of your report.

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How to Write a Topic Proposal for a Research Paper

For nursing students, conducting research and writing a topical paper is an important part of the educational journey. However, before you can dive into your full research paper, you’ll need to get approval from your professor on the topic you plan to explore. This is where crafting a clear and persuasive topic proposal becomes crucial.

A well-written topic proposal lays the groundwork for your entire research project. It helps ensure your topic is relevant, viable, and aligns with the requirements of your course or program. In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to craft an impressive topic proposal that will get your nursing research paper off to a strong start.

What You'll Learn

What is a Research Topic Proposal?

A research topic proposal is a concise document that outlines the core ideas and plan for a research study or scholarly paper. It gives an overview of the background, rationale, research questions, methodology, and potential implications of your proposed work.

Think of the topic proposal as a pitch or blueprint that convinces your professor that your research concept is worthwhile, well-planned, and merits further investigation through the full research paper process.

Why Write a Topic Proposal?

While a topic proposal may seem like extra work, it serves several important purposes:

• Focuses your research direction: Writing the proposal forces you to critically analyze your idea from multiple angles before investing significant time and effort into the full research paper.
• Allows early feedback: Your professor can provide input on the relevance, scope, and feasibility of your plans before you start the main work, saving you from heading down the wrong path.
• Demonstrates preparedness: A thoughtful proposal showcases your foundational knowledge of the topic, grasp of research methods, and ability to situate your work within existing literature.
• Facilitates approval: Many nursing programs require a proposal to be approved before students can officially begin their capstone, thesis, or research paper.

Components of an Effective Nursing Topic Proposal

While specific requirements can vary, most nursing topic proposals contain the following core components:

1. Working Title

Your proposal should begin with a clear, descriptive working title that succinctly captures the essence of your research. The title should be informative yet concise—usually no more than 12-15 words.

Example: “The Impact of Mindfulness Training on Burnout Levels in Emergency Room Nurses”

2. Introduction/Background

This section provides the contextual foundation and rationale for your proposed research topic. Discuss the broader significance and existing knowledge gaps surrounding your area of study . What is the current state of science and why is further exploration important? Use credible references to summarize relevant background and demonstrate your familiarity with the subject matter.

3. Research Questions and Objectives

Clearly state the primary research question(s) or hypotheses you intend to investigate, and list your specific research objectives. Well-crafted research questions are concise, focused, and feasible to study within your scope and timeframe.

Example Research Question: “Does an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program lead to lower self-reported burnout levels among emergency department nurses compared to a control group?”

4. Preliminary Literature Review

Provide a brief overview of some of the seminal studies, theoretical frameworks, and key literature related to your topic. Don’t try to summarize everything—just highlight the major works that inform your understanding and reveal gaps or needs for further inquiry. This shows your professor you have adequately surveyed the existing research landscape.

5. Methodology

Outline the specific methods you plan to use in your research study. Typical components in this section include:

• Research Design: Descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, etc.
• Study Population/Sampling: Who will participate and how will they be selected?
• Data Collection: Surveys, interviews, physiological measures, archive analysis, etc.
• Data Analysis: Statistical tests, qualitative coding methods, etc.
• Ethical Considerations: Potential risks or steps to ensure ethical treatment of participants.

While you don’t need to include extensive detail at this stage, explain the overall approach you intend to take and why it is appropriate for your research questions and objectives.

6. Potential Implications

Describe the potential significance of your proposed research within the nursing discipline. How could your findings enhance knowledge, influence practice, improve policies, or impact patient outcomes? Highlight the value your research may offer.

7. References

Include a reference list of scholarly sources cited in your proposal, properly formatted in the required citation style (e.g. APA, Harvard, etc.). This demonstrates you have surveyed authoritative sources.

Tips for a Standout Nursing Topic Proposal

• Follow all formatting requirements: Pay close attention to length limits, pagination, font/spacing details, and organizational requirements. Precise adherence shows diligence.
• Use clear, accessible language: Avoid excessive jargon. Write in a straightforward manner using plain language a non-expert could understand.
• Get feedback early: Seek input from your professor, writing center tutors, or classmates before finalizing your proposal. Their insights are invaluable.
• Provide concrete examples: When discussing concepts like your methodology , include brief examples grounded in legitimate nursing research to illustrate key points.
• Emphasize relevance: Continually tie your proposal back to the broader significance within the nursing field. Why does this research matter?
• Check, recheck, proofread: Carefully edit your proposal to eliminate errors and typos. Have someone else review as well.

Related Articles

How to Write an Outstanding Nursing Capstone Paper

Mastering the Art of Writing: How to Write a Grant Proposal

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100 Free Analytical Research Paper Topics For College Students

When students start looking for analytical research paper topics, it usually means that they got an assignment that’s making them nervous. Writing could be an exciting process, but the academic kind of it is worrisome because you risk receiving a failing grade and ruining your score. A lot of things depend on the topics you select for your research, not to mention your general understanding of concepts.

Analytical paper is an analysis where you introduce an issue, divide it into several points, explore and analyze them, and reach a specific conclusion. Such a task is important because it gives you a chance to sharpen your skills at offering criticism and boosts your analytical thinking. With this question out of the way, it is time to focus on topic selection. Once you get a grasp on it, writing will become easier!

Secret of Picking Good Analytical Research Paper Topics

As long as you have some great ideas for research, developing a paper is likely to go smoothly. But where to find something to get yourself going? You could contact your teacher and discuss ideas with them — or you could check different tips we’ve developed.

• Pick Among Your Interests.  What do you like? Compose a list of your hobbies or issues that intrigue you. This could be a favorite movie — for instance, you could explore how the media changed over the years and use this movie as an example. Books are also a solid idea: analyze how writer’s techniques helped make a particular piece outstanding. Research how your favorite activity started, examine someone’s background, etc.
• Read Articles.  Conduct research on current critical issues. As soon as you access some news site, you’ll see lots of articles on different topics. Skip through them briefly. Leave the ones you liked open, and sooner or later, you’ll locate your analytical research paper topic.
• Brainstorm with Friends. Your friends could offer you some great prompts if you discuss your paper with them. Overall, discussions are fun, and they trigger creativity, so it’s a sure way to find interesting topics. Your classmates could fit the bill as well: since they are facing the same task, you could benefit from talking to them about your ideas.
• Find Online Help.  A huge number of students were where you are now. They all wrote papers and looked for appropriate topics. You can find these discussions online and get some inspiration from them. Picking useful sources is also important because without them, you won’t know whether you’ll be able to support your work properly. Be sure you find enough of them before you proceed with your writing.

Formal, Technical, Personal, and Literary Analysis Research Paper Topics

Another popular way of finding topics is through looking at prepared online lists. They have many options you could use for your paper, and that’s what we tried to do below. Look at these 100 ideas. Try them out, and if anything stirs your interest, use it in your work.

Past is often dark and mysterious. There are many intricate aspects that could be made into analytical research paper topics ideas for history, so why not explore them?

• How Did the United Kingdom Succeed in Creating Many Colonies Around the World?
• Explain How African Continent Evolved Over the Last 50 Years: Why Is It Still Poor?
• What Made Nazis Forget About Humanity So Quickly and Participate in Monstrosities Against Others With No Hesitation?
• Examine What Caused the Trade War between US, Russia, & China
• What Goals Did Protestant Formation Follow & What Did They Achieve?
• Elaborate on How Vietnam War Began & What Results It Had
• Which Ancient War Victories Still Affect Our World?
• Why Do Many People Consider the Start of US Development as Bloody and Violent?
• Which Victories Helped Women Gain More Rights?
• Why Do Many People in Mexico Try to Immigrate Even If It Is Illegal?

Nursing and Healthcare Topics

Medical world is getting profoundly relevant due to the spread of COVID. Look at these topics for analytical research paper nursing to understand this problem better.

• Is There a Professional Way of Sharing Bad News with Victims’ Families?
• What Makes People Amenable to the Idea of Using COVID Vaccine Despite the Lack of Trials
• Which Genetic Problems Are Likely to Be Passed to Children & Why
• How Many Autistic Children Grow Up to Be Completely Independent
• Is It Really Possible to Strengthen Someone’s Immune System?
• What Are the Likeliest Factors of Cancer & Could They Be Alleviated?
• What Makes Hand Hygiene So Essential in Hospitals?
• Why Did Scientists Decide to Learn How to Grow New Cells?
• Why Do We Need Stem Cell Research & What Could It Lead To?
• Does Anxiety Have Any Positive Effects on a Body?

Business Analytical Research Paper Topic Ideas

How about research paper business analytics topics? Companies are suffering because of lockdowns, and their operations are changing. It could be exciting to study them.

• How Is Strong Organizational Culture Built at the Workplace?
• How Did the Idea for SWOT Analysis Evolve & What Is Its Purpose?
• What Threats Do Businesses Face in the Current Time?
• Analyze the Origins of Coca Cola Company: Why and How Did It Reach Such a Tremendous Success?
• Is Corporate Social Responsibility Really That Important?
• Are There Strategies That Could Help Save a Business That Is Going Bankrupt?
• Who Are Stakeholders and How Much Responsibility Do They Have?
• In What Ways Does Cognitive Computing Improve Business Performance?
• Pick Any Data Analytics Software & Perform Its Analysis
• Are Performance Scorecards Effective or Demotivating for Employees?

Literature Analytical Paper Topics

Literature analytical research paper topics are always in demand because no matter how many years pass, people’s love for reading prevails. Would you like to offer your critique on something?

• Conduct Rhetorical Analysis on Any Speech In a Story You Like: What Makes It Effective?
• Explain Why Some Books Received Negative Critics’ Review in the Past Only to Become Wildly Popular Now
• How Is Violence Depicted in Old Novels versus in New Ones?
• How Did World War 2 Inspire Writers of That Time and Beyond?
• Analyze Character Development in Your Favorite Novel
• What Is Special About Shakespeare’s Works That Makes People Passionate About Them Even Today?
• What Is the Meaning of Escapism & How Important Is It for People?
• What Could We Derive About People’s Social Status From Books of 18-20th Centuries?
• Did JK Rowling Create a Consistent Narrative or Does It Have Major Plot holes?
• What Can We Say About Shifts in Morality When Comparing Old and New Literature?

Analytical Research Topics in Psychology

Understanding humans’ minds is fascinating. These psychology analytical research paper topics will let you pick some of the best ones.

• Why Do People Have Different Ideas on What Love Is?
• Explain What Being a Latent Homosexual Means
• What Is Dangerous About Repressing Your Feelings?
• Have Freud’s Works Become Outdated at This Point?
• Did Erikson Define the Stages of Human Psychological Development Correctly?
• What Factors Trigger Pack Mentality in People?
• Do Gender Stereotypes Have Any Roots in Psychology?
• Do Women Who Had an Abortion Experience Any Negative Post-Effects?
• Explore How Children Who Saw Abuse Might Build Their Own Families
• Is the Oedipus Complex Real or Is Something Else Lying Behind It?

Not everyone likes economics, but there are still plenty of cool topics for analytical research paper in this sphere. Check them out!

• What Economic Impacts Does Aging Population Have?
• Is Governments’ Refusal to Control Birth Number Dangerous From the Point of Economy?
• Does Past Slavery Still Affect World Economy?
• What Tensions Do US and China Experience in Their Economic Relationship?
• Did Sanctions Affect the Economic Development of Russia?
• Examine Globalization as a Concept: How Does It Affect Us?
• Do the Flows of Immigrants Contribute to Economic Growth?
• What Causes Economic Recession in Countries?
• Which Factors Help Establish Interest Rates
• Rise and Fall of a Dollar: How and Why Does Currency Change?

Sports Topics for Analytical Research Paper

What is your opinion on sports? Would you like to learn more about some events or people involved in it? If so, look at these examples of analytical research paper topics.

• Is Being a Sportsman Profitable These Days?
• Is There a Chance of Sportive Activities Surviving After Repeated Lockdowns?
• Why Is Sport Regarded as Masculine Kind of Hobby?
• Examine Most Popular Sport in Your Country: What Made It Stand Out?
• What Makes Many Sportsmen Turn to Doping?
• Does Caffeine Improve or Damage Sport Performance?
• Do the Costs Involved in Rehabilitation of Sportsmen Justify the Results?
• What Is Free Style Boxing & How Legal Is It?
• Are Female Sport Stars More Prone to Getting Injuries?
• What Motivates Young Sportsmen to Keep Trying Despite Few Chances at Success They Have?

Our cultural norms differ across countries and continents. Sociology is an undoubtedly interesting sector, so check these US, UK, Russia, and Canada analytical research paper topics.

• Why Is It So Easy to Fake News These Days?
• What Pushes People to Engage in Feminism?
• Explore the Existing Youth Cultures & Find Out What They Say About New Generations
• How Easy Is It For People to Make Friends with Those Living in Other Countries?
• What Social Movements Shaped Our World Most Significantly?
• Is There a Link between Gender and Social Position?
• What Causes Conflicts between Different Classes?
• Does Equality Exist in Our Society Or Is This Concept a Myth?
• How Do Gender Stereotypes Affect Boys’ and Men’s Behavior?
• Why & For How Long Have People Been Fighting Against Birth Control?

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Politics Analytical Research Ideas

Politics never fails to make people passionate. Sometimes it happens in a bad way, sometimes in a good one. Look at options we’ve devised.

• Is There Fairness in Politics or Does Money Buy Everything?
• Are Male and Female Politicians Treated Equally by the Media in the US?
• Do You Approve of Political Regiments in Your Country? Why & Why Not?
• Should Actions of Politicians Be Controlled by Independent Entities?
• Explain Why Monarchy Grew to Be Relevant
• Which Electoral System Is Better in Terms of Countries?
• Is the US Responsible for Helping ISIS Rise and Unleash Terror?
• Could Speeches Given by Politicians Be Considered Inspiring?
• Why Is US Government Spreading Stereotypes About Other Countries?
• Should Democracy Be Absolute for Establishing Peace?

Education Research Topics for Analytical Paper

High school, college, university — education is certainly many-layered. As a student, you might find the following topics useful.

• Is Studying Online Better Than Studying Physically?
• Is Making Students Wear Uniform an Acceptable Decision?
• Examine the Value of Modern Education for Our Youth
• What Is Giving Homework Supposed to Accomplish?
• Are E-Books the Answer to Cutting Costs on Education?
• Is the Modern American Education System Corrupt?
• How Do Teachers Encourage Bullying at Schools?
• Have Some Subjects Become Redundant at This Point?
• Do Teachers Play a Relevant Role in Students’ Lives?
• Why Is Education Becoming More Expensive?

Enjoy Writing and Seek Assistance When In Need

The choice of themes is never-ending. You could pick analytical research paper topics in business, culture, politics, history, etc. — all depends on your preferences. But of course, even this strategy doesn’t always help as students often get into difficult situations where they cannot find time for writing. It could be a fight with loved ones, depression, physical tiredness, or any other issues. Sometimes instructions are overly complex, and in these instances, outside help is essential.

Our firm employs a competent team of the best writers who have a long and solid experience. They’ll study your guidelines, conduct research, and compose a unique paper in a way that your professors will like. No risks are involved because our terms protect you first and foremost: in case of any problem, your money will be returned to you. Chat with us, ask any questions, and we’ll get started right away!

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