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Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 27, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023.

The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Table of Contents

UPSC CSE Essay Paper 2023 Instructions

General instructions mentioned on the essay paper, that need to be followed by every aspirant are provided here.

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
• Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

The question paper of the UPSC CSE mains essay paper is provided here.

Write  two  essays, choosing  one  topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

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1: Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2: Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3: Not all who wander are lost.

4: Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

5: Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines.

6: Mathematics is the music of reasons.

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7: A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8: Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023: Exam Analysis

The essay topics for the UPSC Civil Services Main Exam in 2023 were intellectually demanding and philosophical in nature.

They required candidates to engage in deep critical thinking and present their thoughts logically.

All the questions in this year’s paper aimed at assessing the candidates’ ability to handle abstract concepts and express their ideas effectively in a structured manner.

This year’s essay topics look like that UPSC has taken inspiration from a wide range of sources, including philosophical and literary works.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic seems to revolve around the idea that critical thinking often emerges in response to opposing viewpoints or challenges.

Candidates may have been asked to explore how the clash of ideas leads to innovation and progress.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

This famous saying belongs to Paul O’Brien.

This statement likely prompted candidates to discuss the balance between intuition and rationality in making important decisions.

It encourages a reflection on the role of both factors in effective leadership and problem-solving

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien,  The Fellowship of the Ring.

The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be really good.

It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to emphasize the idea that creativity is not limited to rare moments of inspiration but can be found in everyday experiences.

It probably asked people to think about where creativity comes from and how we can express it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir

Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.

The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

It suggests that expectations placed on girls (referred to as “restrictions”) and boys (referred to as “demands”) can be damaging and limit their potential.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

The complete saying of James Joseph Sylvester is that mathematics is the music of reason. May not music be described as the mathematics of the sense, mathematics as music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, the mathematician thinks music: music the dream, mathematics the working life.”

This statement suggests a poetic connection between mathematics and music. Candidates likely had to discuss the beauty and logic inherent in mathematics and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic seems to touch upon the ideas of social justice and charity, which have been discussed by philosophers like John Rawls and the concept of the “veil of ignorance.”

Candidates may have been asked to explore the relationship between justice, equality, and philanthropy in society.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school –  Albert Einstein .

This essay topic likely demands from candidates to reflect on the value of education beyond rote memorization.

It may have expect discussion on the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

What Should Aspirants Preparing for UPSC CSE for Next Year do for an essay paper?

Taking the essay paper in the UPSC exam seriously is important. This paper requires you to write 10-12 pages about abstract or philosophical topics, which can be challenging if you’re not well-prepared.

To succeed in this exam and perform well in the essay paper, you should work on improving your comprehension and analytical skills. To get additional guidance you can join the ClearIAS essay writing program as well.

One helpful way to prepare is by reading various types of essays, especially philosophical ones. Pay special attention to the ideas of famous philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and others.

Practice writing essays based on famous quotes, as this is a common format in UPSC exams.

Additionally, be ready to write essays on a wide range of topics, including society, politics, the economy, and technology. UPSC asks such types of questions too.

Keep in mind that there isn’t a fixed pattern for UPSC questions. Analyze previous year’s question papers to get valuable insight. So, focus on understanding the way UPSC frames questions rather than expecting a consistent trend.

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UPSC Essay Topics - Important Essay Topics for UPSC Mains 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Essay Course for UPSC

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper

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Understanding UPSC Essay Topics holds significant importance as it evaluates the candidate's ability to analyse, present arguments, and communicate effectively. In this article, we will explore the diverse range of UPSC essay topics, their significance, and essential tips to excel in this section. Get ready to enhance your writing and analytical skills and make a strong impression on the evaluators with well-crafted essays.

UPSC Essay Paper

The Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination requires candidates to write multiple essays , each on a different topic, chosen from a given list of options. The essay topics for UPSC cover a wide range of issues, including social, economic, political, cultural, and philosophical aspects, both national and international.

The essay paper holds significant weightage in the UPSC Mains examination, contributing 250 marks out of the total 1750 marks . Scoring well in this section can have a considerable impact on the overall ranking and selection for the coveted civil services.

Weekly UPSC Essay Topics By Vajiram & Ravi

The UPSC Essay Paper is an opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in expressing ideas and analysing complex issues. Vajiram & Ravi Pensive-Weekly Essay Writing Programme provides you with two Essay Topics every Saturday based on the previous year's question papers and the changing trends analysis. You can submit your Essay for peer evaluation on vajiramandravi.com. This will help you nourish your writing skills, give you clarity of thought, and build the capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Important Essay Topics for UPSC 2023

The purpose of the essay paper is to assess the candidate's ability to critically analyse a topic, present well-structured arguments, and communicate their ideas effectively. It also evaluates their knowledge of various issues, their clarity of thought, and their capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Some of the Important Essay Topics to prepare for the UPSC Mains Examination 2023 are:

• Gender Equality
• Environment/Urbanization
• Economic Growth
• Federalism/Decentralization
• Agriculture
• Economics 

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy

Every year, UPSC typically provides you with two or more essay topics centred around philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from notable personalities. To effectively address these philosophical topics, you should refer to Philosophy Books to gain a foundational understanding. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy :

• Everything comes to him, who hustles while he waits.
• We are always blind as we want to be.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• A disciplined mind brings happiness.
• The price of Greatness is Responsibility.
• People would rather Believe than Know.
• Mind - A beautiful Servant? Or a dangerous Master?

UPSC Essay Topics on Art and Culture

The UPSC Essay Topics related to Indian society, art, and culture cover a wide range of subjects, offering great diversity. To gain knowledge about the static content on these topics, you should rely on fundamental books on society, as recommended for the exam. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Art and Culture :

• Culture changes with economic development.
• Culture is what we are, Civilization is what we have.
• Social reform is a myth if places of worship are open only to all castes and not to all genders.
• Impact of Globalization on Indian Art and Culture.
• Caste System - India’s Enduring Curse.
• Godmen - A Threat to Indian Art and Culture?

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

UPSC essay topics on Science and Technology can largely be addressed through current affairs. You may also benefit from consulting a Science and Technology Book for UPSC to compose a comprehensive and well-rounded essay. Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology:

• Deglobalisation is good for the world.
• Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life.
• Technology is a Weapon against Poverty.
• Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth.
• Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
• Scientific and Technological Progress cannot be equated with Human Progress.

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education stands as one of the preferred UPSC Essay Topics, with an essay related to this subject often appearing in the paper each year. To tackle this topic effectively, you should stay abreast of Current Affairs , incorporating significant changes and advancements in the field. Let's explore some of the Essay topics for UPSC centred around education:

• Self Education is a lifelong curiosity.
• Education Breeds Peace.
• Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.
• Education must also train one for quick, resolute and effective thinking.
• Schooling is not Education.

UPSC Essay Topics on Polity and Governance

To comprehensively address Polity and Governance topics, you should acquire fundamental knowledge from Polity Books for UPSC and Current Affairs. These resources offer static information about relevant issues and their historical context, which proves valuable while writing UPSC Essay Topics on Polity. Here are some Essay Topics on Polity and Governance:

• The Role of Politics in Development.
• Should Youth in India Consider Politics as a Career?
• Art, Freedom and Creativity will change society faster than politics.
• The politics of Identity is the Politics of the Weak.
• People should not be afraid of their Government. The Government should be afraid of its people.
• Government Surveillance - Good or Bad?

UPSC Essay Topics on Economy

Essays concerning economic growth are frequently included in the Essay Paper. To tackle these topics effectively, you should refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to gain a comprehensive understanding. Once the fundamentals are grasped, you can enhance their essays by incorporating examples, data, and statistics to create a multidimensional perspective. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Economy:

• We don't have to sacrifice a Strong Economy for a Healthy Environment.
• India, a $5 trillion Economy - Dream or Reality?
• Digital Economy: A leveller or a source of Economic Inequality?
• Innovation is the key determinant of social welfare and economic growth.
• Labour Reforms in India and its Role in Economic Growth.

UPSC Essay Topics on Social Issues

Social issues are a significant aspect of the UPSC essay paper, reflecting the candidates' understanding of societal challenges and their ability to propose viable solutions. These essays provide a platform for candidates to analyse, critique, and suggest measures for pressing social concerns. Topics related to social issues in the UPSC Essay paper may include:

• Inclusivity and Plurality are the hallmarks of a Peaceful Society.
• A Gender-sensitive Indian Society is a prerequisite for Women and Child Empowerment.
• The weaker sections of Indian Society - are their Rights and Access to Justice getting Better?

Previous Year UPSC Essay Topics

Practising previous year's essay topics will help you become familiar with the UPSC exam pattern , word limit, and the types of essay questions frequently asked in the Mains Examination. Analysing past essay topics will also allow you to identify recurring themes and trends, enabling you to prioritise their preparation accordingly. Regular practice with past essay topics will instil confidence in you, helping you feel more comfortable and prepared for the actual exam.

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in the harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Tips to Excel in UPSC Essay Paper

• Understand the Topics: Thoroughly comprehend the essay topics, including the keywords and instructions. Choose a topic that aligns with your strengths and interests.
• Plan and Structure: Devote some time to plan your essay. Create an outline and organise your thoughts in a structured manner, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Be Objective: Present balanced arguments and avoid a biased or one-sided approach. Consider multiple perspectives and present a holistic view.
• Provide Examples and Evidence: Support your arguments with relevant examples, data, quotes and evidence to strengthen your essay.
• Maintain Clarity: Write in a clear and concise manner. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex vocabulary.
• Practice Regularly: Regular practice is essential to improve Essay writing skills. Write essays on diverse topics to enhance your versatility.
• Time Management: Allocate appropriate time for planning, writing, and revising each essay to manage time effectively during the examination.
• Revise and Edit: Review your essays for coherence, grammar, and structure. Make necessary edits to refine your work.

FAQs on UPSC Essay Topics

What are the important UPSC Essay Topics?

Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics asked in Mains Examination previously:

• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• What is research but a blind date with knowledge?
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
• Wisdom finds truth.
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

How do I Prepare for the UPSC Essay?

To prepare for the UPSC essay, focus on understanding the essay syllabus and past topics to identify recurring themes. Regularly practise writing essays on various topics to improve your writing skills and time management. Structure your essays with a clear introduction, main body, and conclusion.

Which is the best source to practise UPSC Essay Topics?

The best sources to prepare Essay for UPSC include official UPSC materials, newspapers, and magazines like The Hindu, Yojana , and Kurukshetra for current affairs, standard books on diverse subjects, government reports and publications, online platforms like PIB and PRS India, UPSC previous year papers for understanding the exam pattern, and regular practice of essay writing on various topics.

© 2024 Vajiram & Ravi. All rights reserved

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• Topic Wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains 1994 2018

Last 25 Years Topic-wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains (1994 - 2018)

Paper I of the UPSC Civil Services mains exam is the Essay. Here, prelims-qualified IAS aspirants have to write two essays out of a few given topics. The paper is for a total of 250 marks and its marks are taken into consideration for the Final Merit List. In this article, we have listed all the essay topics asked in the UPSC mains exam from 1994 to 2018. We have also classified the last 25 years essay questions into topics to make your preparation easier.

Latest – See the UPSC Essay Topics in the IAS Mains 2020 Essay Paper. Download UPSC Mains 2020 Essay Paper from the linked article.

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UPSC Essay Topics

Administration.

• Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. (1994)
• Politics without ethics is a disaster. (1995)
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy. (1996)
• Need for transparency in public administration. (1996)
• The country’s need for a better disaster management system. (2000)
• How should a civil servant conduct himself? (2003)

Democracy/India since independence

• Whither Indian democracy? (1995)
• What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. (1997)
• Why should we be proud of being Indians? (2000)
• What have we gained from our democratic set-up? (2001)
• How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? (2003)
• National identity and patriotism. (2008)
• In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy. (2012)
• Is the colonial mentality hindering India’s success? (2013)
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. (2015)
• Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task. (2018)

Economic growth and development

• Resource management in the Indian context. (1999)
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country. (2013)
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? (2014)
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. (2015)
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. (2016)
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. (2016)
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. (2016)
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. (2017)

Federalism, Decentralisation

• The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. (1998)
• Water resources should be under the control of the central government. (2004)
• Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. (2007)
• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? (2007)
• Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication. (2011)
• Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality. (2016)
• Water disputes between States in federal India. (2016)

Indian Culture & Society

• The Indian society at the crossroads. (1994)
• New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion. (1996)
• The composite culture of India. (1998)
• Youth culture today. (1999)
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. (2000)
• Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? (2000)
• As civilization advances culture declines. (2003)
• From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? (2010)
• Judicial activism. (1997)
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy. (2004)
• Justice must reach the poor. (2005)

Social justice/Poverty

• Reservation, politics and empowerment. (1999)
• Food security for sustainable national development. (2005)
• The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. (2009)
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for the majority of farmers in India. (2017)
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. (2018)

Media & Society

• Misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. (1998)
• Mass media and cultural invasion. (1999)
• Responsibility of media in a democracy. (2002)
• How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? (2007)
• Role of media in good governance. (2008)
• Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? (2011)
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? (2014)

Environment/Urbanisation

• Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. (1997)
• Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. (2006)
• Urbanisation and its hazards. (2008)
• Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? (2010)
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. (2017)

Economic sectors/MNCs

• Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs. (1994)
• Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. (2006)
• BPO boom in India. (2007)
• Special economic zone: boon or bane? (2008)
• Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? (2009)
• Is the criticism that the Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified? (2012)
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? (2014)
• Restructuring of Indian education system. (1995)
• Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. (1996)
• Irrelevance of the classroom. (2001)
• Privatization of higher education in India. (2002)
• Modern technological education and human values. (2002)
• What is real education? (2005)
• “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. (2006)
• Independent thinking should be encouraged right from the childhood. (2007)
• Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses? (2008)
• Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges. (2011)
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? (2014)
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? (2014)
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil. (2015)
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. (2017)
• The new emerging women power: the ground realities. (1995)
• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. (1997)
• Woman is god’s best creation. (1998)
• Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. (1999)
• Empowerment alone cannot help our women. (2001)
• Whither women’s emancipation? (2004)
• If women ruled the world. (2005)
• The hand that rocks the cradle. (2005)
• Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. (2006)
• Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal? (2012)
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered. (2016)
• Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. (2017)

Quotes-based/Philosophy

• Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret. (1994)
• Useless life is an early death. (1994)
• Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. (1995)
• When money speaks, the truth is silent. (1995)
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. (1995)
• Truth is lived, not taught. (1996)
• True religion cannot be misused. (1997)
• Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. (2002)
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave. (2002)
• If youth knew, if age could. (2002)
• There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. (2003)
• Be the change you want to see in others. (2013)
• With greater power comes greater responsibility. (2014)
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. (2014)
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. (2015)
• “The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. (2018)
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. (2018)
• Attitude makes habit, habit makes character and character makes a man. (2007)
• Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin. (2008)
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. (2015)
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. (2016)
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. (2017)
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. (2018)
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. (2018)
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life. (2018)

Globalisation

• Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. (1994)
• The world of the twenty-first century. (1998)
• The implications of globalization for India. (2000)
• My vision of an ideal world order. (2001)
• The masks of new imperialism. (2003)
• Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. (2004)
• ‘Globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’. (2009)
• Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. (2010)

Science & Tech

• The modern doctor and his patients. (1997)
• Value-based science and education. (1999)
• The march of science and the erosion of human values. (2001)
• Spirituality and scientific temper. (2003)
• The lure of space. (2004)
• Science and Mysticism: Are they compatible? (2012)
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation. (2013)
• Technology cannot replace manpower. (2015)
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. (2018)

Internet/IT

• The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. (2000)
• Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. (2006)
• Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run. (2016)
• Social media is inherently a selfish medium. (2017)

International organisations/relations

• Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities. (1996)
• India’s role in promoting ASEAN cooperation. (2004)
• Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement. (2006)
• Has the Non- Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world. (2017)
• Terrorism and world peace. (2005)
• Are we a ‘soft’ state? (2009)
• Good fences make good neighbours. (2009)
• In the Indian context, both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism. (2011)

Miscellaneous

• India’s contribution to world wisdom. (1998)
• The pursuit of excellence. (2001)
• Geography may remain the same; history need not. (2010)
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? (2014)
• Quick but steady wins the race. (2015)

When preparing for IAS Mains, aspirants must focus on UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practise as this will improve one’s speed, efficiency and writing skills. It will automatically help in essay writing as well. 

Also, read:

Frequently Asked Questions on UPSC Essay Topics for UPSC Mains

Q 1. how can i write a good essay in upsc, q 2. does handwriting matter in upsc.

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Drishti IAS Fees 2024, Fee Structure and Academic Counselling Review - GS (Prelims + Mains) + Optionals

November 30, 2023

Introduction

My name is Shivom Sharma and I work at Josh Talks. As a UPSC Content Strategist and someone who tried the UPSC exam before, I was tasked with reviewing the admission process and the fee structure of various UPSC coaching institutes in Delhi and outside. I decided to review Drishti IAS fees and the admission process. Even though almost all the details of their courses were on their website, I felt a review wouldn't be honest unless I experienced it myself. So, I decided to go to Drishti IAS’s Karol Bagh center to see how a fresh graduate, who doesn't know much about the exam, would feel on their first visit. In this blog, I’ll tell you about my experience at Drishti IAS.

The First Glimpse

As I walked down the lively street filled with hopefuls aspiring to become IAS officers, the Drishti IAS institute building stood out. Nestled in Old Rajinder Nagar, known as the UPSC hub, it seemed like Drishti IAS had painted the town in its colors. The area was full of their numerous hoardings, and even the Karol Bagh metro station displayed their logo. I must say that Drishti has truly made its mark and stands as one of the best ias coaching in Delhi . Upon entering, I was directed to the basement for admission-related inquiries. Before reaching the institute, I thought of booking a telephonic appointment. I called their official number twice but surprisingly, nobody answered. The building had elevators, and I used one to reach the main office. The office was impressive, featuring a spacious waiting area with a large sofa and tables. As soon as I stepped in, a staff member confirmed that it was my first visit and guided me to the waiting area. He handed me an inquiry form, which required basic details, including name, DOB, contact details, preferred mode of preparation and preferred language. After a brief wait, the staff member returned and escorted me to a counsellor named Lokendra Singh.

Drishti IAS Admission Counselling

To get the best idea at the counselling process, I mentioned that I was a 29-year-old employed in a company with flexible working hours. I explained that I was a UPSC aspirant who had attempted the exam once through self-preparation but couldn’t continue due to personal reasons. To gather detailed information about the institute's courses, I emphasised having only two attempts left and expressed the need for a comprehensive program covering all GS papers, Essay, CSAT, Optional, Mains, and Current Affairs within a limited timeframe. He analysed my position and recommended a course titled General Studies Foundation Course - Prelims and Mains.

Drishti IAS Fees 2024, Fee Structure and Payment Modes

For the course recommended by the counsellor, the fee structure is listed below. Please note that this course does not include a CSAT course or an Essay course. Since there are various course combinations available, I'll share the Drishti IAS fee structure with you. Notably, this data has been directly taken from the hard copy of the fee structure provided to me by the counsellor.

Here’s the fee breakdown of the course, titled General Studies Foundation Course - Prelims and Mains , that was offered to me by the counsellor:

Drishti IAS offers a variety of courses for UPSC preparation, such as CSAT courses, Essay courses, Test Series, other Foundation courses, and optional courses. You can check the table below to find the most suitable course for you and see its corresponding fee.

Fee Structure (Including GST) - Karol Bagh (English Medium) Applicable from April 1st, 2023

Additionally, the institute provides combo courses that bring together different aspects of UPSC preparation. You can check the table below to learn more about these combined courses.

On asking, the counsellor agreed that he can get the installment deadline extended by 5 days but not more than that. It's important to note that if a student fails to pay the installment on specified time, they won't be allowed in the classroom, and they'll lose access to the online portal.

I'll also include pictures of the Drishti IAS fee structure hard copies at the end of this blog for your reference. Those copies were provided to me by the counsellor.

Drishti IAS Fee Payment Modes

Drishti IAS fees can be paid through multiple channels, including

• Credit/Debit Card.
• Demand Draft.
• Net Banking.

Drishti IAS Fee Discounts and other Details

The institute doesn't have a tie-up with external installment providers, but it does offer installment options for students, allowing them to pay the fee over the first four months of preparation, as shown in the table and pictures above.

In terms of discounts, there was a straightforward discount of 10,000/- in Drishti IAS fees, clearly visible in the fee structure printout. Furthermore, opting for a one-time payment entailed an additional discount of 15,000/-.

I got home and tried asking the counsellor for a better deal, but he said no extra discounts were allowed, just the ones mentioned in the fee details.

Drishti IAS Regional Centres Fee Structure and Admission Counseling

Drishti IAS Prayagraj Fees

Drishti IAS Lucknow fees

Drishti IAS Jaipur fees

Drishti IAS Indore fees

Key Points from Discussion with Drishti IAS Regional Centers

• Batch Commencement: The upcoming online batch for 2026 will commence on May 29 and will feature live sessions broadcasted from Karol Bagh.
• Recorded Lectures: Enrolled candidates will gain access to recorded lectures for a duration of 3 years, providing them ample time for revision and review.
• Monthly Current Affairs Magazine: Aspirants will receive a monthly current affairs magazine delivered to their address, ensuring they stay updated with the latest news and events relevant to the UPSC exam.
• Prelims Test Series: The course encompasses a comprehensive Prelims Test series comprising 90 tests, including 75 Prelims tests and 15 CSAT Tests, designed to assess and enhance the candidates' preparation for the preliminary stage of the UPSC exam.
• Mains Test Series: Following the completion of the syllabus, candidates will have the opportunity to take part in 24 Mains Full-length tests, which will help them gauge their preparedness for the mains examination.
• Answer Writing Assessment: Drishti IAS also offers the unique feature of getting 500 Mains Answers checked by invigilators, providing valuable feedback and insights to improve answer writing skills.
• Doubt Clearing: To assist candidates in resolving their queries and concerns, Batch Coordinators are appointed for each batch, ensuring personalized support and guidance throughout the preparation journey.
• Optional Subjects: Optional subject fees vary but generally range around Rs. 50,000, with CSAT fees set at Rs. 10,000, making the program accessible to a wide range of aspirants.
• No live lectures for Ethics & Essay Preparation: Lectures on Ethics, delivered by Dr. Vikas Divyakirti, will be in recorded form, as he is currently not actively taking lectures. Similarly, Essay lectures will also be available in recorded format.
• Faculty: While specific faculty members were not named, the counselor mentioned that the teachers will be different from those at Drishti Delhi.

My Notable Observations from Drishti IAS Counseling

After conducting thorough research on different UPSC coachings, I found Drishti's admission counseling to be exceptional. However, my experience with their regional centers was less than satisfactory. When inquiring about their regional centers, I discovered a significant problem. Calls made from distant cities to Drishti's regional centers were being routed to Delhi. While the counselors in Delhi were knowledgeable and explained everything well, they seemed unaware of the local challenges faced by aspirants in other cities.

For instance, I mentioned my intention to move from Ujjain to Indore, but the counselor, being based in Delhi, was unable to provide specific information about accommodation, nearby libraries, and the best places to live after enrolling. Similarly, I encountered the same issue with other branches, including Jaipur, Prayagraj, and Lucknow. It was clear that if someone from the respective institute had answered my call, they would have been able to provide much more relevant information tailored to the local context.

Overall, while Drishti's counseling services are commendable, there is room for improvement in ensuring that aspirants receive location-specific advice and support when contacting regional centers.

Study Strategy

Listening to my situation, the counsellor, who was also an aspirant, suggested a coaching strategy tailored for me.

• He recommended enrolling in their General Studies Foundation Course for Prelims and Mains , curating an 18-month plan.
• According to his plan, I could join the latest batch of Drishti IAS General Studies Foundation Course - Prelims and Mains , starting on November 29, 2023, with classes scheduled from Monday to Saturday, 6 pm to 8:30 pm.
• Hybrid Course: The counsellor highlighted that the course included live classroom lectures and the option to attend remotely if needed. He emphasised that recorded lectures, with unlimited viewing, would be accessible until December 2025.
• His Strategy: His plan involved starting GS preparation immediately, joining the next Optional Batch, and continuing both prelims and mains coaching for six months. The next six months would focus on GS coaching, allowing ample time for optional revision and preliminary exam preparation.
• Resource Guidance: During the discussion, the counsellor highlighted that Drishti IAS enphasizes leaving all external books and resources aside and asks students to study their books exclusively. While this strategy might work for some, I don’t think it’ll work for everyone. Explore our detailed guide to discover the best books for UPSC preparation .
• CSAT preparation was recommended after the Prelims of 2024 for a better understanding of the paper. Essay classes, comprising 12 lectures, were all advised for later.
• Mentorship: Throughout the course, dedicated mentors with a minimum of 3 UPSC Mains exams under their belt would guide and assess regularly through weekly tasks, clearing doubts, and providing guidance via Whatsapp, voice calls, and Zoom sessions.
• Course Timeline: The counsellor assured that batches, designed for 12-15 months, generally finish on time. Even if there are delays, essential subjects are covered first to avoid complications for the students in prelims. Subjects like Ethics, Essay, and International Relations, exclusive to the mains syllabus, are covered later.
• Other Inclusions: The course features 29 subject modules, 7 books of Previous Year Questions (Prelims Practice Series), 5 books (Mains Capsule Series) covering the entire Mains syllabus, two 3-year current affairs crash courses for prelims and mains, weekly current affairs classes, and a monthly magazine, Drishti Current Affairs Today. This course also offers doubt sessions and guidance on answer writing for UPSC .

Towards the end of the session, I asked him about Dr Vikas Divyakirti’s role in the course and the counsellor told me that he will be the one teaching Ethics in this course.

Preparation and Coaching Strategy prepared by Drishti IAS Counsellor

Although taking guidance from a counsellor can come handy, you can also curate a personalized strategy for yourself using my detailed blog titled Expert’s guide on How to Prepare for UPSC . Check it out for more information.

Drishti IAS Trial Class Experience

The counsellor gave me a chance to attend a live class to get a feel for their teaching style. It was 10:45 am, and the class was set for 11:30. I entered the room, choosing a seat in the front row.

• The room was big, having a capacity of around 250 people , with screens for those in the back.
• The teacher, Mr. Sanjay Moga, had a digital whiteboard with two large screens on each side for better visibility.
• It was an Indian Economy class, and even though you can't judge teaching quality in one session, I found the 150-minute class satisfying. Mr. Moga entered with a smile, addressing all the doubts before starting. Some students asked directly by raising their hands, while others had written their questions on paper and placed them on his desk. He announced that he’ll start the class only after all the doubts have been addressed.
• He not only cleared doubts on economics but also on time management and other concerns. One student had asked that she was feeling demotivated while preparing. Mr Moga recommended several ways to get rid of that feeling, like meeting the people who motivate her or include some hobbies into the study schedule. He also told her to meet him after the class for a few minutes. Although I am unsure if he knew someone was there for a demo, he shared useful tips for effective UPSC preparation after the doubts were cleared.
• The topic was Income Tax in India, and he covered all the important points, not allowing writing while explaining. He recited class notes and had students write down a few important things, including several abbreviations that had appeared in the news recently. Overall, I liked the teaching method, but it's worth noting that students didn't receive any printed material or handouts after the class. The chairs were comfortable, with bag holders at the bottom, a thoughtful touch that avoided the hassle of placing bags on laps, something I had noticed in crowded classes. Kudos for that.

Drishti IAS Demo Card for Trial Class

As a UPSC aspirant seeking counselling and admission, I had a smooth and well-planned experience at Drishti IAS. The infrastructure, including the waiting area, counselling section, building, washrooms, and classrooms, was nice. I appreciated that the counsellor understood my position and didn't push for a more expensive combo course, which included CSAT or Essay, even though batches with those combinations were available at this point. This decision felt like a positive aspect of their approach.

I found Drishti IAS fees to be competitive, aligning with other top UPSC coaching centres but they prioritise student experience and make sure it remains great.

However, with a batch strength of 250, the classrooms can get crowded when full, limiting opportunities for students to stand up, ask questions, and engage interactively with teachers. This can defeat the whole purpose of the traditional offline classes. To enhance the classroom experience, Drishti IAS could consider increasing the number of batches and reducing batch sizes, providing students with a more interactive and personalised learning environment.

Coaching is just an added advantage in UPSC preparation. This exam can be cracked without coaching classes. Check out my detailed blog on Arpit Gupta IAS and how he successfully cleared the exam without coaching. Watch Arpit Gupta’s UPSC

Arpit Gupta 's Josh Talk on Josh Talks Hindi

Reference pictures showing the hard copies of Drishti IAS fee structure

Drishti IAS Fee Structure (Courses)

Drishti IAS Fee Structure (Combo Packages)

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[Mission 2024] INSIGHTS DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS + PIB SUMMARY 13 May 2024

InstaLinks :  Insta Links help you think beyond the issue but relevant to the issue from UPSC prelims and Mains exam point of view. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background. This helps you study a topic holistically and add new dimensions to every current event to help you think analytically.

Table of Contents:

GS Paper 3:

Performance of the Indian Rupee against the US Dollar in the last 10 years

Facts for prelims (ffp), freshwater under the ocean bed, guidelines for confirming heatstroke and heat-related deaths, foot rot disease, alphafold 3, oleander flowers, orangutan diplomacy, defence in news, sundarbans mangrove ecosystem.

  Syllabus: Indian Economy

  Context: The rupee’s exchange rate has weakened against the US dollar in the last 10 years. But its “real” strength against a basket of global currencies has improved .

Before we analyse, 1 st revise a few basic definitions:

Status of the Indian Rupee in the last 10 years:

• The rupee fell from Rs 44. 37 to Rs 60.34 (26.5%) from 2004 to 2014 against the US dollar
• From 2014 to 2024, the rupee further depreciated from Rs 60.34 to Rs 83.38 (27.6%) against the US dollar.
• Between 2004 and 2024, the rupee declined by 32. 2% (from 133.77 to 90.76) as per the 40-currency basket NEER
• Despite this, between 2004 and 2024, the rupee has undergone a smaller depreciation against the currencies of India’s major trading partner s compared to its depreciation solely against the US dollar.
• The rupee’s trade-weighted REER for the 40-currency basket has increased in the last 20 years, indicating that the Rupee strengthened between 2004-05 and 2023-24 .

Reasons for Indian Rupee to depreciate against US dollars:

• Trade Imbalance : Persistent trade deficits for India (as India imports more than the value of its exports) can put downward pressure on the rupee as more rupees are demanded to pay for imports compared to the dollars earned from exports.
• Capital Outflows : The rate of investment through FDI and FII has reduced in the last few years.
• Inflation Differentials : Higher inflation rates in India compared to the US can erode the purchasing power of the rupee, leading to depreciation against the dollar.
• Interest Rate Differentials : Lower interest rates in India relative to the US can reduce the attractiveness of Indian assets for foreign investors, resulting in capital outflows and rupee depreciation. Currently, the US interest rate is high.

Reasons for Indian Rupee to strengthen against the currencies of India’s major trading partners:  

• Trade Surplus: India maintains a trade surplus with some of its major trading partners (including the USA. India has a trade surplus of over $24b with the US). It can lead to increased demand for the rupee, strengthening its value relative to those currencies.
• Positive Economic Outlook : Strong economic fundamentals and growth prospects in India compared to its trading partners can attract foreign investment, boosting demand for the rupee.
• Government Policies: Government policies aimed at stabilizing the currency and promoting economic growth can instil confidence in the rupee, leading to its appreciation against other currencies.

Implications of Currency Depreciation on the Indian Economy:

Positive Impacts:

• Boosts Exports: A cheaper rupee makes Indian exports more affordable for foreign buyers, potentially increasing demand and export earnings.
• Inward Remittances: A weaker rupee enables higher remittances from overseas workers, increasing disposable income in India.

Negative Impacts:

• Higher Import Costs : Imports become more expensive, leading to inflationary pressures and impacting purchasing power.
• Costlier Foreign Debt: Increased repayment burden on foreign debt due to the need for more rupees to settle debts.
• Discourages Foreign Investment : Depreciation signals economic instability, potentially dissuading foreign investors from investing in India.

Way Forward:

Enhancing Export Competitiveness, thereby Improving Indian Rupee Strength:

• Improved Infrastructure : Investments in transportation networks, ports, and customs clearance processes are crucial. Developing export promotion zones and specialized manufacturing zones is essential.
• Skill Development : Implementing skill development programs to enhance the availability of skilled labour in export-oriented industries.
• Technology Adoption: Incentivizing and promoting technology adoption, including automation, digitization, and Industry 4.0 technologies, to boost productivity, competitiveness, and innovation in the export sector.
• Internationalization of India Rupee

Insta Links:

• Internationalisation of rupee

Mains Links:

It is essential to approach the internationalisation of the rupee cautiously, considering the potential advantages and risks associated with it. Critically examine.

 How would the recent phenomena of protectionism and currency manipulations in world trade affect the macroeconomic stability of India? (UPSC 2018)

Prelims lInk:

Q1. Which one of the following is not the most likely measure the Government/RBI takes to stop the slide of the Indian rupee? (UPSC 2019)

(a) Curbing imports of non-essential goods and promoting exports

(b) Encouraging Indian borrowers to issue rupee-denominated Masala Bonds

(c) Easing conditions relating to external commercial borrowing

(d) Following an expansionary monetary policy

Q2. Consider the following statements: (UPSC 2019)

• The effect of devaluation of a currency is that it necessarily
• improves the competitiveness of the domestic exports in the foreign markets
• increases the foreign value of domestic currency
• improves the trade balance

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3

  Context:  Freshwater exploration from under the ocean bed is gaining attention as a potential solution to depleting freshwater resources. Recent discoveries have revealed significant freshwater reservoirs under the ocean .

How freshwater are formed under the ocean bed?  

• Subterranean Flow: Rainwater and surface water can seep into the ground and percolate deep into the Earth’s crust. Some of this water can accumulate in underground reservoirs or aquifers beneath the ocean floor.
• Geological Processes: Geological activities such as tectonic movements and volcanic eruptions can create fractures, faults, and cavities in the Earth’s crust. These geological features can trap freshwater, preventing it from mixing with seawater.
• Submarine Springs : Submarine springs are underwater vents that release freshwater into the ocean. These springs can occur where groundwater from aquifers beneath the ocean floor discharges through openings in the seafloor.
• Glacial Melting : During periods of glaciation, large ice sheets store vast amounts of freshwater. As glaciers melt, freshwater can be released into the ocean, forming layers of less dense water that float on the denser seawater below.

Freshwater reserves, like the river found at the bottom of the Black Sea , are crucial. With only 2.5% of Earth’s water being freshwater , these reserves are vital. Most freshwater is in ice or underground, including under the ocean.

International laws, like UNCLOS , govern ocean resources, defining rights and responsibilities. UNCLOS regulates resources like minerals, raising questions about freshwater classification. Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) grant states rights over marine resources, while the “Area” beyond EEZs is collectively governed. The 1958 Geneva Conventions also addressed ocean law but were less comprehensive.

Context: The Union Health Ministry issued guidelines for confirming heatstroke and heat-related deaths, aiming to help hospitals identify such cases.

Heatstroke , a medical emergency, occurs due to overheating from high temperatures or physical exertion .

Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and increased heart rate .

Criteria for heatstroke include a body temperature of 40°C or higher , accompanied by delirium, seizures, or coma. Over 11,000 heatstroke deaths were recorded in India between 2012 and 2021. The government released a National Action Plan on Heat-Related Illness and the India Cooling Action Plan to address heat-related health challenges.

The current guidelines by the National Programme on Climate Change and Human Health (NPCCHH) and the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) aim to help hospitals identify heat-related deaths based on evidence . Autopsies are not mandatory but can help determine the cause of death.

  Context:  The Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) has developed a biocontrol agent, Trichoderma asperellum , to manage foot rot disease in Basmati rice crops .

About Foot Rot Disease : It is a fungal disease affecting Basmati rice crops , primarily at the seedling stage. Caused by Fusarium verticillioides , a soil-seed borne pathogen. Spreads through the plant root, leading to stem base colonization. Symptoms include pale yellowing, elongation, drying, and eventual death of seedlings. Current treatments involve chemical fungicides like Sprint 75 WS (carbendazim + mancozeb), harmful to soil and consumers.

Trichoderma asperellum : Biocontrol agent offering a non-chemical alternative, aiding disease management while minimizing environmental harm.

  Context: AlphaFold 3’s release has sparked excitement.

AlphaFold is an AI tool by Google’s DeepMind to predict protein folding since 2018. It aims to understand 3D protein shapes , crucial for biology and health. Versions like AlphaFold 3 offer about 80% accuracy and model DNA, RNA, and more. Protein folding is vital for biological function and disease understanding. While AlphaFold aids drug development, its limitations include a lack of explanation for protein folding and restricted access.

Source: TOI

  Context: New COVID variants, collectively known as FLiRT , have emerged in India.

The FLiRT variants (KP.2 and KP1.1 ) are descendants of the Omicron JN.1 variant . They are characterized by increased transmissibility and the ability to potentially evade immunity from vaccines and previous infections. These variants spread through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces.

While KP.2 is more infectious than its predecessor , JN.1, it has shown lower overall infectivity. Symptoms are similar to the JN.1 variant , including sore throat, runny nose, coughing, and fever. Safety measures such as wearing masks, practising hand hygiene, and maintaining physical distancing remain crucial to prevent the spread of these variants and mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

  Context:   Kerala temples ban oleander flower offerings following a woman’s suspected poisoning death from consuming oleander leaves.

  Oleander is a poisonous plant known scientifically as Nerium oleander . It contains toxic compounds throughout its parts, including leaves and flowers. Ingestion of oleander can lead to symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, bloody diarrhoea, and irregular heart rhythm .

They are fast-growing evergreen shrubs or small trees native to Europe and Asia . In Kerala, they are also called arali and kanaveeram . Oleander is tolerant to heat, drought, wind, air pollution, salt, and poor soil.

  Context: Malaysia’s “ orangutan diplomacy ” aims to use the endangered species as diplomatic gifts to trade partners who buy the country’s palm oil, hoping to improve its image amid accusations of unsustainability.

Inspired by China’s successful “ panda diplomacy ,” Malaysia sees orangutans as a way to signal commitment to certain values.

Orangutans , the only great apes found outside of Africa , inhabit Sumatra and Borneo in Southeast Asia. They prefer tropical forests, particularly in river valleys and floodplains. With an extremely low reproductive rate, their populations are highly vulnerable. All three species are classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List .

  Context: Air pollution from Kolkata and the Indo-Gangetic Plain threatens the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, revealed a recent study.

Pollutants, including black carbon and heavy metals, degrade air quality, harming mangroves. Antiquated boat motors are a major source of toxic metals. The acidic components of pollutants lead to oxidative stress , endangering mangrove cells.

What is oxidative stress?

Oxidative stress refers to the condition where pollutants, such as heavy metals and acidic components in the air, lead to excess production of reactive oxygenated species (ROS) in the mangrove ecosystem. This overproduction of ROS can overwhelm the natural antioxidant defences of the mangrove cells, leading to cellular damage and threatening the overall health and resilience of the ecosystem.

About Sundarbans:

Sundarbans  is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal.

• Sundarban in India is its  largest mangrove ecosystem .
• Sundarban Reserve Forest of Bangladesh is the largest mangrove forest in the world.
• It contains  Sundarbans Tiger Reserve, Sundarban Wetland, Sundarbans National Park and Biosphere Reserve .
• It is the  only mangrove forest in the world inhabited by tigers

Daily Current Affairs + PIB Summary (13 May 2024)

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