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Best 30+ Proofreading Jobs Online (Earn ₹3000/hr)

Quick Summary

• Proofreading means carefully checking for errors in a text before it is published or shared .
• A proofreader can earn an average of INR 2.5 LPA.
• They work for newspapers, magazines, websites and more. Skills like expertise in a particular language, typing speed and editing proficiency are necessary.

Table of Contents

Online proofreading jobs can be good if you are looking to work from home and have good editing skills. It is a flexible job that can be done remotely, and it can be a good way to earn a living while improving one’s language skills.

With the huge growth of the gig economy which was around Rs 1 Lakh Crore in the past years, it is expected to grow in the years to come. Along with this, online job opportunities will also increase.

Proofreading is an essential element of the writing process. It may be done at any time, making it ideal for a stay-at-home parent or as a part-time career. It can be a good job for people who have strong attention to detail and a good command of the language.

Reading and a keen eye for errors can help you become an ideal online proofreader. This post will discuss the finest online proofreading jobs for beginners in India. Let’s further dive into where to get freelance proofreading jobs from home.

Best Online Proofreading Jobs for Beginners in India

As a beginner, it is important to acquire the skills and knowledge that will help you build a strong portfolio of work. There are various ways through which you can get your first job as an online proofreader. You can start with a volunteer position, do an internship, or take on an online contracting project to gain some experience.

Apart from this, you can also join online groups like LinkedIn for proofreaders and editors in India. This can help you connect with other professionals in the field and learn about job opportunities.

Here we have rounded up the best online platforms that will help you find remote proofreading jobs easily.

1. FlexJobs

FlexJobs is an online platform that specializes in providing remote and flexible job opportunities, including proofreading jobs. Furthermore, FlexJobs provides an easy-to-use platform. The platform also assures that all job ads are genuine. It is decent for finding new proofreading jobs online and clients.

• High-quality job listings.
• Genuine and variety of jobs.
• Resume and cover letter services.
• Paid platform.
• Limited number of jobs.
• No guarantee of job placement.

Steady is gradually becoming one of the most popular employment boards for proofreaders. It is not just a forum to find proofreading jobs from home but also a variety of other lucrative side hustles. The platform also allows users to create a free account. Start by completing some questions. The app also assists you in tracking your earnings.

• Free service platform.
• Built-in payment system.
• Numerous tools and resources for freelancers.
• Limited number of job opportunities.
• High competition.
• Only available on mobile devices.

Upwork is the largest freelancing marketplace, with various clients searching for various services. The platform provides employment possibilities for proofreading jobs online. Some clients prefer full-time personnel, while others prefer part-time workers. You can use preference parameters to filter job postings. It also allows users to provide online proofreading services.

• Large client base.
• Wide range of jobs.
• Best suited for beginner proofreaders.
• High commission fees.
• Highly competitive.
• Low quality of job postings likely.

4. OneSpace Freelancers

OneSpace Freelancer is a perfect platform dedicated to freelancers. The platform easily connects proofreaders with other businesses and customers. Furthermore, it’s a good place to check online proofreading job opportunities. If you have knowledge and interest in e-commerce then you can find many types of jobs here.

• Easy-to-use interface.
• Freelancers friendly.
• Difficult proficiency tests.
• Lots of competition for jobs.

Reedsy mostly works with writers and authors. After signing up on the platform, you are required to build a profile on it. Then the Reedsy engine will match you with clients it believes you’ll be a good fit for. The platform is free to join where you can retain 90% of the commission, while Reedsy keeps 10%.

• Free to join.
• Various editing tools.
• Best for proofreaders.
• Freelancers commission charge.
• Complicated for beginners.

6. Scribendi

Scribendi is an excellent proofreading tool for anyone with a college degree. It is one of the platforms for online proofreading jobs for beginners in India. The platform requires you to be a native English speaker. You should also have three years of editorial experience to begin with Scribendi as an online proofreader.

• Easy payment option
• Freelancers friendly
• Job opportunities for proofreaders
• Limited language options
• Not user-friendly interface
• Inconsistent workload

7. Writer’s Job Shop

Writer’s Job Shop is a job board for proofreaders and other freelance writers. They are continuously seeking more proofreaders and thesis editors to join their team. To apply, you must have native-level English proficiency and a degree. They provide proofreading jobs from home and a good pay.

• Multiple clients.
• Variety of jobs.
• Limited payment options.
• College degree required.
• Difficult proficiency test.

8. Managed Editing

Managed Editing recruits freelancers with a degree and a few years of specialist knowledge. The app gives you customised work. It asks you about your topics of interest and experience in proofreading. They will further ask for samples of your work or administer a test on the subject.

• Easy payment option.
• Previous experience required.

9. Freelancer

Freelancer is a site comparable to Upwork that is simple to use. You must complete your account and skill set to be matched to jobs. Freelancers can create profiles, bid on projects, and communicate with clients through the platform. Overall, Freelancer is a widely used platform where you can do multiple projects for different clients.

• Easy to use.
• Need to bid.

10. Polished Paper

Polished Paper is a platform looking for excellent editors. You must register, upload your résumé, and take their 35-question exam. It is an excellent platform for those who want to start their career as a proofreader. The attractive-looking platform also offers a good pay and a remote work.

• High payment.
• Need editing specialization.
• Need to pass the test.

Fiverr is an internet job marketplace with many online proofreading jobs. At the same time, getting started and obtaining work is simple (as long as you have a good profile). As a newbie proofreader, it’s a good way to get experience. With more experience, you can use higher-paying platforms and charge more for your services.

• Range of jobs.
• Best for beginners.
• Low-paying jobs.
• No work guaranteed.

 12. Lionbridge

Lionbridge offers a variety of work-from-home opportunities, but proofreading is one of the most popular of them all. You may need some expertise, but Lionbridge has an excellent reputation as a good place to start. It provides editing, translation and language services to businesses and organisations around the world.

• Wide range of projects.
• Quality projects.
• High commission charge.
• Limited communication with clients.
• Limited location.

13. Craigslist

Craigslist has become much more reliable regarding job postings. It is a classifieds website where you will find different types of projects and different clients. As a proofreader, you will not be limited to working in one place. You can explore different fields in Medical, Law, Housing Rental etc.

• Free to use.
• User-friendly.
• Limited features.
• Not all jobs genuine.
• Limited privacy.

14. LinkedIn

LinkedI n is a professional networking platform that allows users to connect with other professionals, find jobs, and build their professional brand. This is one of those sites that are great for finding proofreading jobs online. It may take some time to get your first job but patience is the key when looking for online proofreading jobs.

• Genuine jobs.
• Full-time & part-time jobs option.
• Takes time to find a job.

15. SmartBrief

SmartBrief is an industry news and research, and information digital media provider. You can check their job postings for work-from-home online proofreading jobs. The platform offers one of the best rates to proofreaders. The salary range is roughly up to ₹1,000 per hour and can increase after gaining more experience.

• Focused niche.
• Quality job.
• No-part time.
• Competitive.
• Difficulty proficiency test.

16. Scribe Media

Scribe Media is a book editing firm that hires freelance editors and proofreaders. The best thing about this platform is its free alert system. They send you an email when a suitable job is available. This is one of the best places to start with proofreading jobs online. There are plenty of quality projects you can work on with a group of helpful team members.

• Quality work.
• Team support.
• Best for gaining experience.
• Limited control.
• Cannot work indecently.

17. Domainite

Domainite is a low-paying website, but it might be a nice place to start if you’re new to proofreading. They provide several employment chances for novice proofreaders. It is an excellent entry-level platform for those just starting or seeking a few hours as a side hustle. You can earn more if you gain more experience.

• Not much to learn.
• Communication gap with clients.

18. Writer’s Relief

Writers Relief provides manuscript submission and representation services for writers. It is a platform that helps creative writers get published. The platform also has one of the best online proofreading jobs for beginners in India. All you have to do is to fill out the application form to apply. But remember only a limited number of applicants are accepted.

• Support for proofreaders.
• Some experience needed.

19. Edit911

Edit911 exclusively employs PhD holders, accredited researchers and professors. They are also looking for book editors with proven expertise. The platforms provide you with good payment. If you match their requirements and want to work as a freelance proofreader, then this is the perfect place for you.

• Requires expertise.
• Difficult selection process.
• Work under a strict deadline.

20. Scribbr

Scribbr offers a reputable and well-established proofreading and editing service. They require all potential editors to take an initial language test. Once you pass, they will check your resume to see if you are a good fit for them. Once selected, they invite you to Scrib Academy.

• Wide variety of job.
• No job independence.
• Limited language.
• No job flexibility.

21. Wordfirm Inc.

Wordfirm Inc. provides proofreading work-from-home for editors and proofreaders. You need to complete an application before enrolling. They have different vacancies for both beginners and professionals. It is better if you have a strong work portfolio before applying with Wordfirm.

• Easy work finder.
• Easy payment method.
• Limited work.
• Experience required.
• Limited client.

22. Get Editing Jobs

Get Editing Jobs is a lesser-known job board for anyone looking for online freelance editing and proofreading jobs. There are many such jobs available on the website from which you can choose. The platform is free to use and has a friendly interface. This is one of the best websites for beginners which provides proofreading jobs from home.

• Multiple jobs.
• User-friendly interface.
• Work not guaranteed.

23. Proofreading Services

Proofreading Services is another option that offers online proofreading jobs part-time and full-time. The hours are flexible, so you may work as much or as little as you choose. Proofreading Services offers a decent option to supplement your primary income which is best for beginner proofreaders.

• Limited clients.

24. ClickWorker

To work as a Clickworker proofreader, you must first gain experience as a writer. After you have gained writing experience, you can start taking proofreading assessment tests. If you qualify the test, you will be eligible to apply online for proofreading jobs at Clickworker.

• Variety of tasks.
• Best for freelancers.
• Not all jobs are high-quality/

25. Wordvice

Wordvise offers online proofreading jobs as well as editing services. However, they do require a bachelor’s degree and offer part-time remote work. You need to submit an editing sample, and they will notify you if you get selected. It’s a great platform for proofreaders because you get help from the many resources for editing articles available on Wordvice.

• Various resources.
• Good for beginners.
• Flexible work.
• Uniformity in work.

26. American Journal Experts

American Journal Specialists provide remote jobs that you can do from any part of the world. You can explore its list of job vacancies and apply for the most suitable job as a proofreader from home. The platform is one of the largest writer service companies where you can find multiple jobs and choose any job as per your requirement.

• Variety of work.
• Expertise needed.

27. Kirkus Media

Kirkus Media is a provider of professional services to authors and publishers to improve the quality of their books and increase their visibility in the publishing industry. It has a variety of job vacancies for proofreaders. This includes opportunities for work-from-home editors, online proofreaders, and book reviewers.

• Genuine work.
• No guarantee of work.
• Requires some experience.
• Not for full-time job seekers.

28. Writing Jobs

Writing is one of the largest markets for online proofreaders. They focus on academic proofreading, new articles and blog outlets. This platform is also excellent for proofreading textbooks. Here you can start as a Linguistic Proofreader. Then you can gain more experience and take up multiple projects at once.

• Free to register.
• Limited project options.

29. CACTUS Communications

Cactus Communications provides online proofreading jobs, freelancing jobs, and full-time jobs. They specialise in certain proofreading niches. Because of this, you will require a degree in the field you edit. Some of the proofreading niches you can work on include medical, biological, molecular, and other sciences.

• Work from anywhere option.
• Strict deadline.
• Specialization required.

30. EditFast

EditFast is a great platform for novice proofreaders. You can start by creating a profile and uploading a resume on EditFast’s website. Clients looking for proofreaders will review your resume and samples and hire you. You can contact and interact with customers through the EditFast system. The platform also keeps 40% of the total project fee.

• Simple interface.
• Wide variety of projects.
• Best learning platforms for proofreaders.
• University degree required.

31. MediaBistro

MediaBistro offers editing and writing work as well as other freelance opportunities to proofreaders. You can do various searches for proofreading jobs online on this platform. There are many projects available on the website and you are free to apply for as many as you want.

• Creative projects.
• Good for networking with clients.
• Not user-friendly.
• Limited projects.

32. Guru.com

Guru is another established site that has possibilities for both new and experienced proofreaders. You can connect with Guru and search for job advertisements according to your suitability. Here you can bid against other writers and apply for multiple projects at the same time.

• Safe payment option.
• High Competition.

33. R3ciprocity

R3ciprocity, pronounced “reciprocity,” is a credit-based proofreading and editing platform. Once you register, you will proofread other people’s work for credit. You can use these credits to get your content proofread. The approach is ideal for authors or anybody looking for decent proofreading work.

• Secure payment.
• Good for proofreaders.
• Complex interface.
• Limited project.
• No regularity of clients.

Also Read: Typing Jobs: Easiest Way to Earn Money Online

How to Become a Proofreader?

Are you irked when a writer uses misspelt words, for example, “have” in a sentence that requires “I’ve”? You have what it takes to become an excellent proofreader. Firms use proofreaders to guarantee their written papers are free of errors.

Here are some of the requirements you must meet in order to become a proofreader and find proofreading jobs online.

Educational Requirements for Proofreading Jobs

Proofreaders generally have bachelor’s degrees in English or journalism . However, you do not need a degree in a particular field to have proofreading jobs from home. Instead, you must demonstrate your mastery of the written language.

To demonstrate proficiency, employers typically ask candidates to complete a proofreading exam. Certain proofreading jobs from home need a graduate degree or industry experience. For example, if you are proofreading legal or medical papers, you must have a relevant background.

Skills Needed for Online Proofreader Jobs

The prospective proofreader should be a good communicator with a keen eye for detail. Applicants must also be able to work independently and regularly meet deadlines.

Knowledge of word processing (particularly change-tracking capabilities), editorial tools, and spreadsheets is beneficial.

Some firms look for applicants who have experience with certain editorial styles. Prior knowledge of the AP Stylebook and the Chicago Manual of Style is an advantage for those looking for remote proofreading jobs.

Technical Skills for Online Proofreader Jobs

If you want to become a successful online proofreader then you must have knowledge of some specific tools to make your work easier.

Here is a list of equipment you may need in a proofreading job:

• Google Docs
• Microsoft Word
• Grammar Check
• Hemingway Editor
• ProWritingAid
• Proofreading Tool

How to Find Online Proofreading Jobs

As with any other job, getting a proofreading job as a beginner will need some work. Here are a few strategies to improve your chance of getting a job as a proofreader from home.

• Build a strong portfolio of online work and get positive feedback from the first few clients to take advantage of proofreading opportunities.
• Take an online course to improve your proofreading abilities.
• Use Freelancing Platforms like Fiverr and Freelancer which have a large number of clients looking for proofreaders.
• Websites such as Proofreading Services, Kibin, and Scribendi also regularly look out for remote proofreaders.
• Networking with other professionals in the proofreading and editing field and asking for referrals or job leads can also be helpful.
• When searching for proofreading jobs online, search phrases can be useful . Such as Freelance Proofreader Jobs, At-Home Proofreading Jobs, Proofreading Independent Contractors, and Freelance Proofreading Services Jobs.

Related Read:

• Best Freelancing Sites in India
• Micro Job Sites to Earn Money Online

How Much Do Online Proofreaders Make Per Hour?

Salaries for an online proofreader can vary based on factors such as experience, qualifications, and the type of material being proofread. Proofreading jobs online often pay between INR 100 and 125 per hour.

However, there are a few things to consider. First, you must decide whether to charge your clients hourly, by the word count, or by the project. Following that, your prices will be influenced by your degree of experience. The project’s complexity and subject matter expertise will dictate your salary.

However, as you acquire expertise, your hourly wage will rise. Not only will you be able to charge more, but your proofreading skill will improve. You will also become much faster and more efficient over time.

Furthermore, you can control your earnings if you work for yourself. If you work for somebody else, they will decide how much you are paid every hour. Free training can help you begin your career as a proofreader.

According to Glassdoor, the average annual salary for online proofreading jobs for beginners in India is roughly INR 4.50 LPA .

Pros and Cons of Proofreading

If you are thinking of taking up online proofreading jobs, you must consider all its benefits and drawbacks before entering into it. Here are some pros and cons to help you make the right decision.

Become a Successful Online Proofreader

Your career as an online proofreader will flourish if you have the right soft skill and technical skills. To find jobs, you can look on social media platforms, in your networks, on freelancing platforms, etc. Job websites are also good places to hunt for proofreading jobs from home. Because hiring organisations usually hire candidates from there. 

Along with building your profile on the platform, having a strong portfolio and honing your proofreading skills can increase your chances of landing a well-paying job.

There are currently no certifications necessary to work as a proofreader. Your work and satisfied clients will propel your proofreading career forward.

Remember that finding proofreading jobs online is highly competitive, so it’s important to make an effort to stand out from the crowd and showcase your skills and experience.

Dive in to our guide to explore all about  online jobs  to fit any lifestyle. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Skills required for proofreading jobs online are: 1. Strong language skills and a strong grasp of grammar, punctuation, and spelling. 2. Pay attention to detail to spot even the smallest error. 3. Communication skills to work with writers and editors. 4. Good knowledge of using proofreading tools.

The difficulty level of proofreading jobs depends on how much skill and experience you have. This can be challenging for those who have weak details and cannot work to tight deadlines. You should also have an understanding of different style guides, formatting, etc.

Proofreading can be a well-paying job, with a salary depending on a variety of factors such as location, experience, and industry. A proofreader can earn an average of INR 2.5 LPA. While the lowest salary is around INR 1 LPA which can be increased up to INR 6 LPA for experienced candidates.

Some of the most popular websites to get work are: 1. Upwork 2. Fiverr 3. LinkedIn 4. Freelancer.com 5. ProBlogger 6. FlexJobs 7. Reedsy Finding jobs on these platforms can be tricky as competition is high so it is important to have a strong portfolio and market yourself effectively to attract clients.

If you don’t have any experience in proofreading jobs, you can start by getting an internship. This will help you build a strong work portfolio for yourself. Apart from this, you can also familiarise yourself with the basics of grammar, punctuation and sentence structure. You can also take a free online course to learn about common proofreading signs and symbols.

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Apply below: If you are interested in becoming a proofreader for ProofreadingServices.com, please complete the 20-minute preliminary test below. Note: If you have a learning difference and need additional time or other accommodations, please email [email protected].

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Remote Proofreading Jobs and 26 Places to Find Them

With working from home becoming more common than ever before, remote proofreading jobs are gaining a lot of traction. Amongst the online jobs you can do, checking grammatical and spelling mistakes sounds like one of the easiest ones to pick up. But what exactly  does this kind of work entail, how much would it earn, and most importantly, how do you search for legitimate as well as rewarding proofreader jobs? These are all valid questions, the answers to which you can find right here.

What is proofreading?

To proofread is to go over a document’s final draft with a fine-tooth comb, searching for grammatical, spelling, punctuation, and formatting errors. Unlike the job of a copy editor, you don't have to concern yourself with language style or voice. It may seem simple, but it requires a thorough understanding of not just the English language but also the appropriate manuscript formatting styles.

Web content, academic papers, and many other types of writing — To proofread and correct each of these kinds of content requires a thorough understanding of its preferred language and formats.

Because of their project-by-project nature, it is common for the gigs you get in this sector to be online, freelance proofreading jobs.

Becoming a proofreader and securing remote jobs

Luckily, you don’t have to go through intensive training or education to become a proofreader. Preferably, you'd have a bachelor's degree in English, Journalism, or a field relevant to the kind of content your hope of proofread. (To proofread for a medical company, you'd need background in medicine, for example.) Other than that, a certificate of completion for a proofreading course can make your profile much more appealing to potential clients. To get started on the right foot, consider:

🎓 Taking a training course via societies such as the  Editorial Freelancers Association ;

📝 Brushing up on style guides (APA, Chicago, and AP Styles);

💻 Creating a profile and following relevant groups/hashtags (this may include creating your own website, a LinkedIn, or a professional Twitter account);

✅ Being flexible about the kind of job you take on (work from different industries, projects involving copy editing ).

You can get more tips in our comprehensive guide on how to become a proofreader . If you’re all clear about the set up, let’s discover all the places that you can find remote jobs for proofreaders.

26 places to find remote proofreading jobs

Below are all the sites that offer legitimate freelance proofreading jobs. We’ve divided the list into two parts: one for those with experience and qualifications, and one for those without.

If you’re going into proofreading with certificates, graduate qualifications, or expert experience, here are the sites that you should check out. 

1. ProofreadingPal

Specializing in academic proofreading,  ProofreadingPal  prides itself on having a highly experienced staff. Because its scholarly projects, the editing skills required by this site are very advanced and specific. To secure a remote proofreading job on this site, you need to be a postgraduate student with a minimum GPA of 3.5 or have a graduate degree along with minimum five years of experience.

If you have a PhD in a writing-intensive discipline,  Edit911  is a good candidate for some remote work. Its proofreading services also tend toward high-level academic editing, so experience is crucial. And as it caters to a worldwide audience, having a strong grasp of a few manuscript styles will be plus.

WordsRU  is great for those who work from home, because it welcomes job applicants from all over the world, as long as they have at least a Master’s degree or higher. It offers a wider range of services for customers, including fiction manuscripts and web content, so its proofreaders receive a variety of projects.

4. American Journal Experts

Similar to WordsRU,  AJE  offers online proofreading jobs for those who have been or are currently enrolled in higher education at universities approved by  the Carnegie Classification . And as the name suggests, this online proofreading opportunity is more suitable for those based in America.

You may or may not have a PhD or a Master’s degree, but if you do have a strong track record in book editing and proofreading,  Reedsy  is the place to be. Our marketplace connects thousands of indie authors with publishing experts (like you!) who can help them produce high quality titles. On average, our professionals set a  proofreading rate  of around $600-$750 per manuscript, though each project varies. (Note that you can set your rates per hour, per word, or per project.)

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6. Polished Paper

Focusing on business and academic editing,  Polished Paper 's proofreader jobs are also suitable for experienced professionals. Instead of proving their qualifications, applicants are asked to complete a 35-question test to demonstrate their editing skills before getting accepted.

7. Managed Editing

Having worked mainly with non-profit organizations and prestigious institutes,  Managed Editing  chooses its freelance proofreaders carefully. A successful applicant will have at least five years of experience and a Bachelor’s degree, although most of its editors and proofreaders have higher qualifications.

8. Wordvice

Apply to  Wordvice  for a more international experience: the company offers editing and proofreading services on essays and business documents for second-language English users. You must have a minimum of two years of experience and a graduate degree to join this team of freelancers. (And needless to say, the remote jobs they have are available to proofreaders across the world!)

9. Start your own freelance business

This basically means creating your own website (don't forget to have a contact section with your email address in it!) along with a LinkedIn, Twitter, or Facebook account to spread the word about it. As you are your own boss, you can work from home, a coffee shop, or wherever else you want! Use your credentials and professional connections to attract customers. Combine that with impeccable proofreading services and you’ll grow your freelance business  in no time.

If you’re just starting out or don’t have higher education qualifications — don’t worry, there are plenty of beginner-friendly sites where you can find proofreading gigs and begin amassing professional experience. 

10. Scribendi

If you do have some experience in content production, i.e. you’ve been a copywriter or have edited your university newspaper, you can apply to  Scribendi . Its online proofreading jobs are focused on academic writing from high school to university level, so having a Bachelor’s degree is a must.

11. Scribbr

Scribbr ’s services are tailored to a younger academic audience, and while it doesn’t ask for specific qualifications, applicants do go through a thorough vetting process. To become a remote proofreader at Scribbr, you have to pass a language test and complete several assignments for evaluation (for which you will receive feedback). If you’ve taken an editing course, you should be able to do well.

12. Proofreading Services

Every remote proofreading job available here focuses on academic and business writing. Prospective proofreaders can join the staff part-time or full-time by getting at least 95% on  the site’s 20-minute test , which mainly focuses on grammar and spelling.

As an education-oriented publication,  CACTUS Communications  is constantly on the lookout for academic editors who can help it produce clear, engaging content. It does require at least a Bachelor’s degree in a relevant discipline, but you don’t need any prior work experience in editing and proofreading to find exciting opportunities.

14. Writer’s Relief

A resourceful website for authors,  Writer’s Relief  also provides book editing and publishing services which you as a remote proofreader can get involved in. Since they have  copy editors  going over everything beforehand, you’ll just have to focus on catching the little mistakes that slipped through.

Prompt  provides coaching services for college applicants, helping them with personal statements and essays. You will need to have been a university student yourself, and as the coach you’re expected to give more feedback than just online proofreading. It’s a good opportunity if you want to start with academic editing.

16. OneSpace Freelancers

OneSpace is a site made for new freelancers. There aren’t as many job postings on this site as on other proofreading services, but you do get support and feedback from their staff. They provide advice on how you can work better as a freelancer and build your business. So while you would't necessarily find remote work on this space, it's a good way to learn the craft of maintaining your freelance proofreading business in the long run.

17. Gramlee

From their tagline ("You write, we edti edit.") and service email address, you can already get a sense of how laid-back the staff at  Gramlee  would be. They welcome proofreaders with no qualifications, as long as they work hard to learn and fulfill the team’s guarantee of 24-hour turnover.

Upwork  is one of the biggest marketplaces for freelancers, and the remote jobs for editors and proofreaders you can find on here are often for technical and copy writing. Projects are usually on the smaller side, which means there isn’t always demand for highly experienced workers. Still, it's a good place to get started on your online proofreading career.

19. Flexjobs

Short for  flexible jobs ,  this job board  only posts work that you can do from home, so you don’t have to narrow the search yourself. There are plenty of proofreading jobs across many industries and countries for you to choose from, some of which are even full-time collaborations.

Indeed ’s interface is probably a familiar sight if you’ve looked for work before — it’s a platform that has everything from full-time positions to freelance gigs in all kinds of industries. Though it might take some digging, there are good remote jobs proofreaders can discover.

21. MediaBistro

MediaBistro  is a job board made specific for media-related jobs. You can filter your search to show only remote entry-level editing jobs to see if there’s anything available. Signing up also gets you a job alert round-up when new relevant jobs are posted.

22. Get Editing Jobs

Here’s another  editing-focused job posting site . You can search for remote proofreading jobs and it will automatically show you recent postings that fit the bill. You’ll then have to apply to the jobs on your own.

23. Domainite

Domainite  provides digital marketing services, from web designing to content writing and editing to its clients. You can easily sign up by filling in its form and sending in a writing sample. The scope of the work might go a little beyond the proofreading job, though you will acquire more skills that way!

Are you interested in marketing books? Visit our post on where to find book marketing jobs . 

24. Freelancer

This site  allows you to bid on a proofreading opportunity you can do remotely, and try to win the client over. There are a lot of projects available, so if you lose out on a bid for one, you can always find another!

❗ Note: Some of the rates you see here are much lower than the average as freelancers try to undercut to appeal to clients. Keep that in mind in formulating your own freelance quote .

25. Lionbridge

Lionbridge  is an international platform that offers marketing and business content creation services for firms across the globe. Specifically, its freelancers “test out” firms’ content — giving them feedback, not just on a linguistic point of view but also user experience and SEO. It's a bit of technical proofreading, if you’re interested.

Though it does not provide the highest paying remote proofreading jobs,  Fiverr is still a good opportunity for new freelancers to start their careers. It’s relatively easy to sign up to and create a profile that will attract customers, most of whom will be searching for competent beginners rather than experienced experts.

Hopefully this list will help you find your next remote job and kickstart your career, whether you’re a full-timer looking for side jobs or an aspiring freelancer. Remember to do your research and know what your proofreading service is worth to avoid being undercharged. With that, and a wish of good luck, we’ll send you into the world of freelance proofreading!

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26 Easy Proofreading Jobs Online (NO Experience Needed)

By: Author Mitch Glass

Posted on Last updated: December 14, 2023

Online proofreading jobs come with many perks — especially for all you grammar snobs out there.

You can work:

✔️ Wherever you want (one of the best jobs for digital nomads ) ✔️ Whenever you want ✔️ As much (or as little) as you want.

And the pay isn’t too shabby either. 

There’s just one problem:

Experience.

Many work-from-home proofreading jobs ask for loads of it, which begs the question…

Is it possible to find proofreading jobs online with no experience?

You bet it is.

Here’s exactly how to do it.

Table of Contents

What is a proofreader?

Who uses proofreaders, is it hard to get proofreading jobs from home with no experience, freelance proofreading vs. freelancing writing: which is better, how to find proofreading jobs online (no experience), 1. polished paper, 2. edit my english, 3. other companies to find entry-level proofreading jobs online (no experience), “recommended” proofreading companies that do not actually hire proofreaders without experience, 2. flexjobs, 3. other job boards to find proofreading jobs for beginners, facebook groups to find proofreading jobs online without experience, how to become a proofreader online, step-by-step, frequently asked questions.

A proofreader is an expert at correcting written language. They’re the ones tearing apart documents in red pen, hunting for mistakes, grammar mishaps, and formatting issues. 

Proofreaders are often confused with copy editors. Proofreaders focus on grammar, spelling, and formatting — the objective stuff. Editors, on the other hand, also scrutinize the structure, flow, and accuracy of the writing.

As a proofreader, you can work as a generalist or specialize in certain niches. 

You might feel like niching down will limit your number of potential clients. But specializing in one area — like medical, legal, or academic papers — can often make it easier to land work. 

Becoming an expert in certain proofreading niches can also lead to higher-paying jobs.

Proofreading is similar to transcription and scoping. Before diving headfirst into the world of proofreading, it’s worth investigating transcriptionist jobs and scopist jobs as well. 

Proofreading is a big deal for companies. If they publish content with errors, they instantly lose credibility with potential customers. 

Because of this, many do not trust software to catch mistakes for them. They want a second set of human eyeballs. 

Some examples of people who hire proofreaders include:

• Authors (books, magazines, newspapers, etc.) 
• Businesses (brand content, manuals, reports, etc.)
• Brands on social media
• Bloggers and content writers
• Marketing companies
• Entrepreneurs writing website copy
• Job seekers writing resumes and cover letters
• Academics publishing studies and research papers

Work-from-home proofreading jobs are flexible and low-stress, but is it really possible to start with no experience?

Of course it is. Every successful proofreader had no experience at one point.

The trick is finding ways to build that experience. The more you have, the easier it gets to find work. 

That said, there is a difference between no experience and no skills. 

To get proofreading jobs, you need to actually know how to proofread. 

That means memorizing spelling and grammar rules like the back of your hand. This is the hardest part. 

But if you learned it once upon a time in elementary school, you can learn it again. 

Just grab an English proofreading book , start studying, and — when you’ve mastered the skills — search for freelance proofreading jobs from home using the strategies below. 

If you want to cut down on the learning curve and start earning faster, you can also take an online proofreading course . 

That said, before paying for anything, it’s a good idea to take this free proofreading class . It’ll help you decide if proofreading is really for you, then show you tricks for attracting your first clients.

I’ve dug through various proofreading courses, so before pulling your wallet, check out my reviews to choose the best one.

• Proofread Anywhere review
• Knowadays review

If you decide proofreading is not for you, don’t fret. There are plenty of awesome freelance job options for beginners . 

If it is for you, here’s everything you need to know. 

How much do proofreaders make an hour?

According to salary data collected by Indeed, the average proofreader in the United States earns roughly $25 per hour (or almost $60,000 per year).

As a proofreading beginner, your rates depend on the quality of your clients and your work speed. 

You’ll likely have to work up to that $25-per-hour rate, but it’s doable. 

The maximum pay for freelance proofreaders is generally less than for freelance writers. 

This is because a good freelance writer is much harder to replace than a good proofreader. 

In a way, proofreading is easier than writing because you don’t have to “create” anything. All you have to do is modify what someone else already created. 

If you’re number one priority is a high income, look into freelance writing. 

I’ve personally made as much as $100/hour (after years of experience), so I can attest to the income potential.

I even made a free course to help you earn your first $1,000 as a freelance writer.

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Learn the simple step-by-step process I used to easily land my first freelance clients and build a business I can run while traveling the world.

By signing up, you'll also be added to my legendary email list and receive exclusive travel lifesyle tips I don't share anywhere else. 

That said, if the idea of staring at a blank page sounds daunting to you, then writing might not be your jam.

In that case, proofreading is an awesome option — here’s how to find proofreading jobs online.

There’s more than one way to find proofreading jobs online with no experience.

You can either work for a proofreading agency that sends you work and acts as a “middleman” between you and clients. Or you can use job boards and other resources to find and work with clients directly. 

Both options are viable ways to get proofreading jobs from home fast, but let’s start with proofreading agencies. 

Companies that hire proofreaders

If you don’t want to do the grunt work of finding clients on your own, you can join a proofreading company that finds work for you. 

Since you’re essentially working with a middleman, your rates won’t be quite as high. But if you consider the time you save searching for clients (time you’re not paid for), then it may work out in your favor. 

There’s a handful of companies that hire proofreaders with no experience, which makes it a great place to find entry-level proofreading jobs online.

But wait — do you need qualifications to be a proofreader online? 

Some companies may not require previous experience, but they do require a college degree of some sort. (Those are usually the academic proofreading jobs.)

Here’s a list of companies to find proofreading jobs for beginners.

Polished Paper is an awesome company for work-at-home proofreading jobs. They offer proofreading and editing services to clients who need a second set of eyes on:

✔️ Novels ✔️ Blog entries ✔️ Screenplays ✔️ Dissertations ✔️ Journal articles ✔️ Application essays ✔️ Personal statements  ✔️ Business documents ✔️ Resumes/cover letters

Their website doesn’t say anything requiring prior experience. But you will need to pass a 35-question test that shows you know your stuff. 

Edit My English is another online proofreader job that doesn’t require experience.

To proofread for Edit My English, you must be a U.S. citizen and have a degree from a U.S.-based university. 

All editors set their own hours, typically from 10 to 40 hours per week. You earn per page and receive 60% of the client payment. The faster you work, the higher your hourly rate.

There’s a whole slew of proofreading companies that don’t require experience.

To start your job search, check out:

• Kibin . A proofreading company that specializes in academic editing. Kibin needs freelance proofreaders who can offer fast, overnight turnaround times. You must pass a grammar/editing test to be approved. (Note: Kibin mentions that they hire “experienced editors” on their editor’s page, but experience is not mentioned as a requirement on their application page).
• Gramlee . A proofreading company for editing dissertations, copywriting, and other documents. Prior experience is not specified as a requirement.

Many articles online recommend proofreading companies to new proofreaders looking for jobs without experience. 

The problem is, most of the companies they recommend actually DO require experience. Some don’t even offer proofreading services at all!

That’s annoying. And it can end up wasting loads of your time.

To avoid that, here’s a list of recommended proofreading companies that require experience. 

Most of them do not specify how much proofreading experience you need, so feel free to check them out anyway if you have a little experience.

Note: You can save these as potential companies to work for in the future. Just not as your very first job.

• Sibia Proofreading . Proofreading company for fiction manuscripts, job applications, business memos, and doctoral dissertations. 
• Proofreading Pal . Proofreading services for authors, students, businesses, resumes, cover letters, etc.
• Proofreading Services . Proofreading company with 10K+ clients in over 100 countries.
• Edit Fast . Proofreading company for any type of document.
• Words RU . Proofreading company for any type of document. 
• Reedsy . Proofreading for fiction and non-fiction books.
• Wordvice . Proofreading for academic documents written by students, researchers, and business professionals.
• Proofreading.org/Cambridge Proofreading . UK-based company that hires US and UK editors. Purely academic proofreading. Several years of experience is required, plus a college degree and subject matter expertise. 
• Scribbr . Proofreading services for essays, theses, dissertations, etc. Must be a native English speaker with at least a bachelor’s degree, work a minimum of 10 hours a week, and have previous experience proofreading academic texts.
• Scribendi . Proofreading services for academics/students, authors, businesses, and individuals (resumes, cover letters, etc.). 3+ years of experience required in editing, writing, document production, or language-teaching, and an average proofreading speed of 1,000-1,500 words per hour to apply. 
• Quality Proofreading . Proofreading services for students, businesses, and individuals (resumes, cover letters, etc.). Must have an advanced degree from a UK/US institution and 3+ years of proofreading experience.
• Proofread Now . Offers proofreading services in both English and Spanish. “Rigorous” testing is required. 
• Wordy . Hires both editors and proofreaders, but the hiring process is temporarily paused. 

Finally, these companies are commonly recommended to new proofreaders, but in reality, they’re not actually proofreading companies:

• Lifetips. A site where you can share tips and knowledge on various topics.
• Kirkus. A book review company.
• Scribe Media (AKA Book in a Box). A publisher and coach for novelists.
• Babbletype. A translation and transcription service
• Domainite. An editing company (different skill set than proofreading).
• Cactus Global. An editing company (different skill set than proofreading).
• Jobsforeditors.com. An editing company (different skill set than proofreading).

Alrighty, now that we have those time-wasters out of the way, let’s dive into some job boards for proofreaders. 

Job boards to find proofreading jobs from home (no experience) 

Some of these job boards are specific for proofreaders. But most of them are general freelance marketplaces where you can search for proofreading gigs.

On these marketplaces, each job listing has its own specific experience requirements. Some require it; others don’t. Before applying, read each description carefully. 

Upwork is one of the most popular job boards to find online proofreading jobs – or any freelance jobs, for that matter. 

Upwork was originally formed in 2015 after Elance and O-Desk merged. 

Upwork has job postings for nearly every type of freelancing service, including graphic designers, IT specialists, writers, and you guessed it — proofreaders.

Clients post jobs in the marketplace, then freelancers compete against each other to win the job. 

The platform is known to be a bit oversaturated, so you’ll have to decide if Upwork is worth it to you or not. 

It’s full of opportunity, but also competition. Some people have made $10K/mo and even six-figure salaries on Upwork alone. 

Upwork takes a 20% cut of your pay until you make $500. After that, the fee lowers to 10%. 

Flexjobs is a curated job board specifically for remote and flexible online jobs — including proofreading jobs for beginners.

The nice thing about Flexjobs is that all the job postings on Flexjobs are reviewed by editors to catch scams and sketchy-looking ads.

Flexjobs charges a small monthly fee to use the platform, but you can request a refund if you’re not satisfied (like if you don’t find a job). 

That said, you can see all the proofreading job listings for free . Just type it into the search bar. 

Many listings on these job boards require no experience, but some opportunities do require experience.

• Problogger . Writing and editing jobs.
• Fiverr . Freelance opportunities, including proofreading and editing.
• Freelancer . Freelance opportunities, including proofreading and editing.
• LinkedIn . World’s largest business social site where you can connect with potential employers in your industry.
• Remote.co . Remote job listings in many different fields, including proofreading and editing.
• Indeed.com . Job board for all types of jobs, including remote proofreading and editing opportunities.
• Guru . Freelance opportunities, including proofreading and editing.
• People Per Hour . Freelance opportunities, including proofreading and editing.
• MediaBistro . Editing, proofreading, copywriting, graphic design, and other creative jobs.
• WritingJobz . Writing-related job opportunities, including editing and proofreading.
• The Editorial Freelancers Association . Matches businesses with proofreaders, editors, and writers.
• Kelly Services . Job board for a variety of industries, including proofreading and editing positions.
• Virtual Vocations . Job board for specific remote work niches, including editing and proofreading.

Recommended job boards that do not offer proofreading jobs online

Just like with the “proofreading companies” we covered that aren’t actually proofreading companies, there are also job boards that some sites recommend that don’t actually have proofreading jobs. 

• Lionbridge . Translation and interpretation services only.
• Toogit . Job board that does not have proofreading or editing job postings.

Facebook groups are always a great place to find legitimate proofreading jobs online. 

You can either post your offer and wait for opportunities to come your way, or you can search for clients searching for help. 

It’s worth hanging around the following groups to see if you attract some clients:

• Proofreaders Group . Proofreaders trading tips and news, as well as a place where clients come to find proofreading services.
• Beta Reading/Editing/Proofreading . Independent authors, blog writers, and artists post job opportunities for proofreading services.
• Proofreader Needed Today (general proofreaders and editors) . For proofreaders/editors to post their services and writers to post proofreading job opportunities.
• Binders Full of Remote Proofreading and Editing Jobs . A group where members can share proofreading and editing job opportunities.
• Freelance Content Writers, Content Editor, Proofreader & Digital Marketers . Group to offer job opportunities to content writers, digital marketers, editors, and proofreaders.
• Proofreading and Editing Services . Members can either post job opportunities or request them.
• Transcribing, Editing & Proofreading Services. Find or post job opportunities for transcribing, editing, and proofreading.

Remember, the goal isn’t to spam these groups with your services — that won’t fly.

Instead, interact with the group, help people, build relationships, and mention that you are a freelance proofreader. 

Alrighty, now that I’ve firehosed you with information. Let’s revamp how to become a proofreader online, step by step.

• Commit. Take this free course to be 100% sure proofreading is right for you (and learn how to grab your first clients). 
• Master your grammar. Pick up some proofreading books on Amazon or sign up for an online course.
• Build a minimal portfolio. Do a couple free or cheap projects for people in your network, or create sample projects of your own. You can showcase these in a nicely formatted Google doc, or create a simple website. 
• Cast your lines. Treat finding your first clients like a full-time job. Cast your line in all the places mentioned in this guide.

Once you find your first proofreading clients, give them amazing service, then ask for testimonials and referrals.

The bigger you build your portfolio, reputation, and network, the easier it gets to fill your pipeline with work.

Proofreading is a perfect job for students, especially because the rules of grammar are fresh in your mind. Freelance proofreading is also flexible, so you can work around your school schedule. When freelancing, there is no need to share how young you are unless a client asks. 

Proofreading doesn’t require experience, but the more experience you have, the easier it is to find work. Everyone starts somewhere, and the most important thing is having the skills to be a proofreader. Your main goal is to prove to clients that you can complete the job. 

You do not need any special qualifications to be a proofreader, but if you are specialized in certain areas, it may help you find jobs. A proofreading portfolio showcasing your skills can be more convincing to clients than qualifications that they probably have never heard of. 

The key to becoming a skilled proofreader is practice. The more you proofread, the easier it is to spot mistakes. The easier it is to spot mistakes, the faster you finish projects. And the faster you finish projects, the more you can earn per hour.

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Proofreading Jobs

Proofreading is an essential step in producing high-quality content, whether for your website, report, or publication. A skilled proofreader can help you catch errors, improve clarity, and ensure consistency in your writing. Hiring a professional proofreader through Freelancer.com guarantees top-quality work and timely completion of your project. Here's some projects that our expert Proofreaders made real:

• Website content proofreading and editing for a polished online presence
• Reviewing and refining project reports for businesses and academic research
• Translating and proofreading legal documents for accuracy and consistency
• Editing and improving books on various topics, including leadership and management
• Summarizing books or articles without losing their essence or key points
• Checking lengthy texts for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style errors
• Specialized proofreading services for medical or scientific publications
• Polishing written materials in multiple languages, such as Italian content writing
• Detecting and resolving plagiarism issues with the help of tools like Turnitin
• Tailoring projects to specific client needs, from start to finish

In summary, hiring a proofreader from Freelancer.com is your gateway to producing top-notch content that reflects well on your brand or project. Our expert proofreaders have a wide range of skills and expertise across various industries and topics. So whether you're looking to polish up your website content, get your book ready for publication or need assistance translating critical documents our freelancers are here to help.

Ready to take the plunge? Join the vast network of satisfied clients who have benefited from the expertise of our freelance proofreaders. Post your own project now on Freelancer.com and experience firsthand how our skilled proofreaders can bring your writing to life!

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I have a PDF document that needs to be converted into a Word document. The task involves: - Basic formatting: The file mostly consists of paragraphs and bullet points, so the formatting required is simple. - Full proofreading: I'm looking for an intermediate level of proofreading. This includes: - Correcting typos and grammatical errors. - Ensuring sentence structures are clear and coherent. The main aim of this task is to enable me to edit the content of the document. Ideal skills and experiences for the job include: - Proficiency in PDF to Word conversion. - Strong proofreading skills, with experience in intermediate-level proofreading. - Attention to detail to ensure that the final Word document is error-free and has clear sentence structures.

I am seeking a professional editor proficient in copyediting, proofreading, and substantive editing Short stories.. The task involves working on a document with a word count ranging between 1000 - 2000 words. Skills and Experience Required: - Excellent command of English language and grammar - Extensive experience in copyediting, proofreading, and substantive editing - Attention to detail - Ability to meet tight deadlines Creativity will be an added advantage in working with this content. I look forward to receiving proposals with a breakdown of how you intend to approach my project.

I have a collection of handwritten documents that need to be typed up and carefully proofread. The source material is a mix of letters, notes, and other personal documents. I'm looking for a meticulous typist who can also ensure the final documents are free from spelling and grammar errors. Key Requirements: - Type handwritten documents accurately - Provide thorough proofreading for spelling and grammar Ideal Freelancer: - Strong copy typing skills - Excellent proofreading capabilities - Attention to detail - Experience with handling handwritten documents would be a plus

I'm in need of a professional proofreader to review my less than 50 pages crime drama screenplay and provide feedback on the story structure, coherence and grammar. Key Requirements: - Genre: Crime Drama - Length: Less than 50 pages - Desired Feedback: Primarily focusing on story structure and grammar Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experience in screenwriting and/or script analysis, especially within the crime drama genre. - Exceptional grasp of English language, grammar, and syntax. - Ability to provide constructive feedback on story coherence and structure. Note: Your documented feedback will be crucial in improving the overall quality of the screenplay, helping me create a compelling and engaging storyline.

I need a skilled professional to help me edit and polish a motion to dismiss case due to a not credible witness. The main reason is the bias or personal interest of the witness in question - a dire circumstance that elevates the witness's testimonials to questionable at best. The ideal freelancer for this project should be well-experienced in law, preferably with a background in criminal law and animal law as the violation is for a "dog a nuisance" complaint made by the witness in question. Understanding the quirks involved in witness credibility and a knack for condensing complicated points into a comprehensible motion is a bonus. The task needs to be completed urgently. Key skills required are: - Legal writing - Criminal law knowledge - Statute interpretation understa...

I am in need of a capable and experienced Shopify dropshipping expert to assist with editing and categorizing 500 products. The project involves several tasks such as image, description, and pricing editing, and more. Key responsibilities include: - Image, Description, and Pricing Editing: This includes enhancing the product images, refining product descriptions, and ensuring accurate pricing. - Product Categorization: Add products accurately to their respective categories and collections. - Tagging and Type: Properly tagging products and assigning them to their correct product type. - SEO: Implementing SEO best practices for product listings. - Content Localization: Removing non-English language from content and images. - Inventory Management: Identifying out-of-stock products, compiling...

I need a skilled professional to revamp multiple cut-and-paste paragraphs into a comprehensive document that will be shared with clients and vendors. The current content and tone should be maintained but the structure and presentation should be completely transformed. Key Tasks: - Reformatting and rewriting of 24 pages - Ensuring the document is client-ready and vendor-friendly - Maintaining the current content and tone while enhancing its overall presentation Ideal Skills and Experience: - Exceptional proficiency in Word document formatting - Proven experience in document rewriting - Ability to maintain the original tone of the content while improving its structure - Prior experience in producing client-facing documents is highly desirable Two documents are attached; 1. The AIS busin...

I'm in need of a professional who can take our marketing materials and addendums for business plans and format them to match our company's formal and accessible style. The main tasks include: - Font selection and styling: Choosing and applying appropriate fonts that match our brand's formality and readability. - Paragraph alignment and spacing: Ensuring all text is aligned consistently and paragraphs are evenly spaced. - Heading hierarchy and formatting: Structuring the documents with proper heading levels and formatting for clear information hierarchy. Ideal candidates for this job will have experience in: - Document formatting and styling, particularly in business and marketing contexts. - Understanding of how to maintain a professional, yet accessible tone. - Proficienc...

I'm in need of an experienced editor for my book chapter in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences (Music). Given that the chapter is more than 10,000 words long, attention to detail is paramount. • Required Service: The focus is on substantive editing. This means your task goes beyond basic grammar and spelling checks. You will also be responsible for ensuring coherence, logical flow and argumentative strength. • Ideal Skills: An academic background or comprehensive experience in Humanities and Social Sciences is preferred. Additionally, proven expertise in substantive editing and the capacity to work with extensive academic texts are essential. • Note: This is not a basic proofreading or language revision task. Be prepared to dive deep into the content and str...

I need a proficient English-language proofreader specialized in the Humanities for my PhD thesis. Your job will much involve: • Thoroughly proofreading the document for spelling, grammar, and punctuation • Ensuring readability and clarity of the content • Ensuring that terminology specific to the Humanities field is correctly used You will need to be able to access Endnote, and check the references - and a knowledge of literature will be required. Ideal skills and experiences: • Proficiency in English language • Prior experience in proofreading academic documents, especially in the Humanities field • High attention to detail • Knowledge in Harvard or APA referenced styles would be highly beneficial. It is imperative that no AI is used - just you...

Overview This project involves providing professional proofreading services for various written documents, including articles, eBooks, and essays. The goal is to enhance the clarity, coherence, and overall quality of the content by identifying and correcting grammatical errors, punctuation mistakes, spelling errors, and inconsistencies. Objectives Improve Grammar and Syntax: Ensure that sentences are grammatically correct and well-structured. Correct Punctuation and Spelling: Identify and fix any punctuation errors and spelling mistakes. Enhance Clarity and Readability: Refine the text to make it clear and easy to read. Ensure Consistency: Maintain consistent tone, style, and formatting throughout the document. Deliverables Proofread Articles: Corrected and polished articles ready for pu...

I am looking for a skilled professional to handle the comprehensive formatting and editing of my document. Key Responsibilities: - Ensure the document matches the style, format, and tone of our existing company documents. - Make sure the entire document, including titles, headers, footers, and content, is consistent and error-free. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in PDF editing - Strong attention to detail - Experience in formatting and editing business-related documents - Ability to maintain consistency in style and tone across different document sections This project is crucial for maintaining the professional image of our organization. I need someone who can handle this task efficiently and effectively. Two documents are attached; 1. The AIS business which id just for reference. This ...

As an advanced English speaker, I'm seeking an experienced IELTS tutor who can help me specifically improve my writing and speaking skills. I aim to achieve a Band 8 in my IELTS exam, and need focused training to hit that target. Key requirements: - Comprehensive knowledge of IELTS exam structure and content - Strong background in teaching advanced English, particularly writing and speaking - Proven track record of students achieving Band 8 or higher - Must have unique strategies and methods to break down complex topics and build skills -Must add there scoresheet Skills & Experience: - Previous IELTS tutoring experience - Familiarity with the latest IELTS scoring guidelines - Proven results in helping students achieve high bands - Strong communication and teaching skills -...

I have a 40-page PDF that needs an experienced proofreader to review it. The primary goal is to correct any grammar and spelling errors and weird formatting issues. Approx 400 words per page. You will get a PDF file and we expect you to use PDF mark-up tools to review it. Budget $45!

I'm in need of a skilled editor who demonstrates intermediate level proficiency with Wikipedia to make a professional Wikipedia page on me. - TARGET AREAS: The main focus will be on me . I expect the chosen freelancer to build my Wikipedia page with good content, coherence, and overall layout . - IDEAL SKILLS: - Intermediate to advanced Wikipedia editing skills, understanding the platform's unique formatting and citation requirements. - Excellent research and information verification skills to improve and expand upon entries where necessary. - Exemplary grammar and sentence structuring abilities. - APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS: On application, kindly showcase your experience in Wikipedia editing. Note: This role requires a keen eye for detail and a sophist...

I'm seeking an experienced professional to assist me in publishing my latest research in a biology journal with a high impact factor. Key Responsibilities: - Proofreading: I need an expert to review my manuscript for any grammar, punctuation, or spelling errors. - Formatting: The manuscript must adhere strictly to the guidelines set by the journal. Your work will be to ensure the format and structure are appropriate. - Manuscript Writing: I require assistance in writing the manuscript. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record of successful journal publications in the field of biology. - Exceptional proofreading skills with an eye for detail. - Knowledge of high-quality formatting standards for scientific journals. - Experience with writing scientific manuscripts would be...

I have a contract which is currently in Word format that needs to be retyped in Word again. The successful freelancer will not have to worry about maintaining the original formatting, as any formatting will work for this project. However, an exceptional attention to detail is required to ensure that the content is accurately transferred. Key Requirements: - Excellent typing skills - Proficiency in Microsoft Word - Strong attention to detail After the re-typing task, I would also like the newly typed contract to be thoroughly proofread for any potential errors. This would require: - Top-notch proofreading skills - Excellent command of English language If you meet these requirements, I would be glad to work with you.

I am looking for a skilled and experienced content editor to help refine my AI-generated marketing content. The material is in Arabic, and the editor must have a solid understanding of the Arabic language, grammar, and punctuation. The project involves editing less than 1000 words of marketing content, ensuring that it has a consistent tone, style, and brand tonality. The edited content should also be optimised for search engines (SEO) to help attract new customers. Key skills needed: - Proficiency in the Arabic language - Strong editing capabilities, particularly in the field of marketing content - Familiarity with SEO and digital marketing - Understanding of brand tonality and the ability to maintain it throughout the content - Prior experience in content localisation would be advantag...

I am in urgent need of an experienced academic editor who can help me revamp my entire PhD dissertation. My manuscript is over 20,000 words and needs help in various areas: - Structural Revisions: Evaluate and improve the organization and flow of content throughout the entire document. You should ensure that the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion are all clearly defined and logically sequenced. - Proofreading and Editing: Attention to detail is paramount here. I need you to identify and correct all grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors and further refine the sentence construction and language used for academic tone and clarity. - Formatting & Layout Improvements: Ensure that the document adheres to specific academic style guideli...

200 page biography of retired professional wrestler- need a good set of eyes to tighten it up and add punch.

I'm seeking an editor with a good understanding of the Odia language to assist in refining my poetry manuscript. Key Requirements: - An expert in Odia language with a keen eye for detail - Proficient in grammar, punctuation, sentence structure and flow - Skilled in formatting and layout design for a professional finish - Familiarity with poetry editing is a plus The main goal of this project is to: - Ensure my poetry is easy to read and has a smooth flow - Correct any language errors and enhance the overall quality - Prepare the manuscript for final publication in a properly formatted PDF If you're a diligent editor with a passion for poetry and a strong understanding of the Odia language, I'd love to hear from you.

I need a skilled translator who can convert my website content from English to German. Key Requirements: - Translate the entire website content accurately and maintain the original context. - Ensure that the translation is fluid, engaging, and culturally appropriate for the German market. Ideal Skills: - Proficient in both English and German. - Previous experience in website translation is a plus. - Excellent understanding of the cultural nuances of both source and target languages.

Hello, I am looking for a native Italian Translator who can help with a document translation from English to Italian. I need quality and manual translation. Google translate or machine translation is not allowed. It's a long-term project. If you're a native Italian speaker then please place your bid. Thanks

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As the author of a medical book in Hindi, I'm searching for a seasoned Hindi writer/editor to fine-tune and examine my work. Key Responsibilities: * Extensive editing to improve language, flow, and overall cohesiveness * Rigorous proofreading to eliminate errors * Ensuring the book abides by medical jargon and guidelines Ideal candidate: * Excellent command over Hindi * Proven experience in editing and proofreading documents/books * Background in or knowledge of medical writing is a plus * Capacity to work on a 200-500 page document * Commitment to meet deadlines Please apply if you align with the above requirements and can deliver high-quality work.

I am looking for a tutor who can help me enhance my English skills on a personal level. Specifically, I want to improve in three key areas: - Vocabulary - Grammar - Conversational English The ideal candidate for this job would have a vast knowledge in these three aspects and an experience in tutoring. A tutoring session is deemed appropriate once a week. Your task, as my English tutor, is to provide me with an engaging and effective method to boost my English expertise in these areas and assist me in bringing about the best learning outcomes. Fluency in English, teaching experience, and patience are essential skills for this job. If you have what it takes, I am excited to meet you and start our learning journey together.

I'm on the lookout for a proficient academic editor with expertise in thesis formatting, one who is comfortable and experienced within the realm of design. Your task will be to ensure that my thesis complies with specific academic formatting guidelines. Key Responsibilities: - Formatting and restructuring my design thesis as required - Ensuring proper presentation, readablity, and overall coherence Ideal Candidate: - Experience in academic editing, particularly theses or dissertations - Solid understanding of formatting standards within the design discipline - Attention to detail and ability to work to strict deadlines - Strong command of English language and grammar This project is an excellent opportunity for those looking to showcase their editing talent in an academic setting. ...

I have a literature review about 6000 words that needs to be paraphrased and edited to avoid plagiarism. While I've not selected a particular academic style, maintaining coherence and fluidity in the written language is highly important. The majority of focus resides on: - The Literature Review section: Editing, rewriting, and ensuring no plagiarism is crucial here. Skills and experience ideal for the job are: - Paraphrasing experience in academic writing - Ideally, a strong understanding in APA, MLA, and Chicago formats. - Proficiency in spotting and eliminating any plagiarism issues - Ability to maintain the essence of the original work while completely rewriting it - A meticulous eye for detail.

I'm in need of a proficient freelancer who can accurately retype a set of Word documents, ensuring they are error-free upon completion. Ideal Skills & Experience: - Proficiency in Word processing - Strong attention to detail - Proficient in English - Proofreading experience is a plus Please ensure that you are comfortable with the following: - Typing Word documents as plain text - Proofreading and correcting errors - Ensuring the final product is error-free, free from any misspellings or inaccuracies.

I'm in need of a skilled copywriter/proofreader to fine-tune my educational ebook for the personal training industry. This Ebook is targeted at Personal Trainers who want to grow their business off the gym floor. The project involves the following: - Reviewing the content for accuracy, consistency, grammar, and overall readability - Ensuring that the concepts are clearly explained and the language is engaging - Making the content more suitable for industry knowledge sharing The ideal candidate should have: - Proven experience with copywriting and proofreading, particularly for educational content. - A solid understanding of business principles and jargon - Excellent command of English, with the ability to enhance the text without losing the original message - Previous work in the in...

I am looking to collaborate with an experienced writer, who can create a high-quality, concise and informative eBook based on a business course for Personal Trainers. This eBook should be academic in tone and span less than 50 pages. • The content should have a business focus, providing relevant insights and knowledge to enrolled students. • Ideal candidates will possess strong researching and writing skills, and a broad understanding of general business topics. • Previous experience writing eBooks or academic texts is a must. • A capacity to convey heavy, intricate business concepts in a digestible manner is desired. Let's create a transformative learning tool together. I have written a draft for this ebook.

I have a scanned document in PDF format that requires immediate attention. Specifically, I need someone to correct typos and update information in the document. Key Tasks: - Correcting typos: Please ensure that all spelling and grammatical errors in the text are rectified. - Updating information: There are certain sections of the document that need to be updated with new data. I am looking for a professional who can handle this task with speed and precision. It's crucial that the final document is accurate and error-free. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in PDF editing tools - Strong attention to detail - Excellent proofreading abilities - Prior experience in handling urgent projects

I am looking for a professional who can help me with my Ebook. The project includes: - Proofreading and editing - Grammar and spelling checking - Rewriting the summary The Ebook is in English, and has a word count between 10,000 and 50,000 words. Ideal skills and experience for this project include: - Proven experience in editing and proofreading - Strong command of the English language - Ability to rewrite summaries in a compelling and engaging manner.

I'm seeking a skilled book editor and proofreader to refine my 125,000-word werewolf romance novel. The primary objectives are: - Correcting grammar and punctuation: Ensure the manuscript adheres to proper grammar and punctuation rules. - Improving sentence structure and readability: Enhance the flow and readability of sentences to captivate the reader. - Ensuring consistency in tone and style: Maintain a coherent tone and style throughout the book. Specific areas that require attention include character development and dialogue. A deep understanding of romance and fantasy genres, especially werewolf lore, is a plus. The ideal candidate should have experience with editing and proofreading novels, particularly in romance and fantasy genres. Experience with werewolf stories is highly ...

I'm looking for a professional proofreader for my business report written in English. - The primary focus is on grammar and punctuation, so you should be thorough in this aspect. - The report is business-oriented, so it would be great if you have experience in this domain. - The ideal candidate should ensure that the text is error-free and polished to a professional standard. - Timeliness is crucial for this project. Your portfolio should demonstrate your experience in proofreading, particularly with a focus on business-related content. Experience with English language and good turnaround time is highly valued.

Hello, I am looking for a native Greek Translator who can help with a document translation from English to Greek. I need quality and manual translation. Google translate or machine translation is not allowed. It's a long-term project. If you're a native Greek speaker then please place your bid. Thanks

Hello, I am looking for a native Somali Translator who can help with a document translation from English to Somali. I need quality and manual translation. Google translate or machine translation is not allowed. It's a long-term project. If you're a native Somali speaker then please place your bid. Thanks

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Hello, I am looking for a native Bulgarian Translator who can help with a document translation from English to Bulgarian. I need quality and manual translation. Google translate or machine translation is not allowed. It's a long-term project. If you're a native Bulgarian speaker then please place your bid. Thanks

Hello, I am looking for a native Croatian Translator who can help with a document translation from English to Croatian. I need quality and manual translation. Google translate or machine translation is not allowed. It's a long-term project. If you're a native Croatian speaker then please place your bid. Thanks

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Hello, I am looking for a native Tigre Translator who can help with a document translation from English to Tigre. I need quality and manual translation. Google translate or machine translation is not allowed. It's a long-term project. If you're a native Tigre speaker then please place your bid. Thanks

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Modi Struggles to Stay on Top: 4 Takeaways From India’s Election

The prime minister will keep his job, but his aura has been diminished and his leadership has fundamentally changed as the country’s multiparty democracy springs back to life.

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By Alex Travelli

Reporting from New Delhi

Narendra Modi’s first decade as India’s prime minister came with its fair share of surprises. None, however, looked anything like what happened on Tuesday morning when he won his second re-election, but lost his party’s majority in Parliament.

With that loss, Mr. Modi’s air of invincibility also appeared to be fading for the first time since he took office in 2014.

The election results were especially shocking because, after nearly seven sweaty weeks of voting across the country, exit polls released just days before the final tally showed that Mr. Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party would win in a landslide, as it had twice before.

Instead, the Bharatiya Janata Party won only 240 seats, well short of the 272 needed to form a government. The opposition alliance, led by the Indian National Congress Party, took 235 seats.

With the 52 seats won by B.J.P. allies, Mr. Modi will remain on top. But his allure has been diminished, and his leadership has fundamentally changed.

Modi’s air of invincibility was punctured.

When Mr. Modi came to power in 2014, he promised economic progress, an end to corruption and to promote Hinduism as being central to India’s identity. Through it all, he presented himself as a uniquely strong leader, capable of marshaling his followers to work for the nation.

This was in contrast to the previous government. Before Mr. Modi was first elected, India spent 25 years being governed by coalitions. Prime ministers from the Congress Party, the B.J.P. and smaller third parties took turns running India by committee. Mr. Modi broke with that tradition, leading a new single-party system dominated by the B.J.P.

As leader, Mr. Modi showed little interest in sharing power. When he invalidated most of India’s paper currency in 2016, not even his finance minister knew about the decision in advance. When he decided to impose de facto martial law on Jammu and Kashmir, India’s only Muslim-majority state, he presented the plan to Parliament as a done deal, without seeking approval.

But those days are over.

The two biggest parties that have emerged as the B.J.P.’s new coalition partners are led by N. Chandrababu Naidu and Nitish Kumar, veteran lawmakers who are known as technocratic moderates. Both are likely to demand greater authority in Parliament. In fact, both have been eyed as possible candidates for prime minister, if there were to be another coalition led by neither the B.J.P. nor the Congress.

India’s political map was remade overnight.

When the first nationwide electoral maps showing the number of seats gained and lost in Parliament were revealed on Tuesday, they showed a striking new pattern.

The maps showed that Mr. Modi’s party lost swaths of territory across states in the Hindi-speaking north that were considered B.J.P. strongholds.

At the same time, the B.J.P. made inroads in regions that had resisted Mr. Modi in the past. He lost dozens of seats in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, but he gained plenty in the eastern state of Odisha and the southern state of Telangana.

The only part of the country that now looks unified by one party is the “tribal belt,” which weaves across the central states. Its relatively poor communities have been skillfully targeted by the B.J.P.’s Hindu-first politics and welfare benefits .

India’s Wall Street twisted and turned.

Investors in India’s stock markets in Mumbai responded eagerly to the early exit polls. On Monday, they went on a buying spree, driving up the prices of so-called Modi stocks, those associated with the prime minister’s spending priorities or thought to benefit from his fiscal policies.

When the actual vote results were counted, those stocks came crashing down . Shares in the Adani Group’s flagship stock lost about 19 percent of their value in one day of trading. The blue-chip index lost about 6 percent, nearly wiping out its gains from the first five months of the year .

Mr. Modi remains popular with India’s business tycoons, but investors need to find out which companies will stand to benefit from a new government.

Chris Wood, the global head of equity strategy at Jefferies, an investment bank, warned last year that if Mr. Modi were to lose he “would expect a 25 percent correction, if not more” in the Indian stock market. Historically, Indian companies have done just as well during periods of coalition government. So, Mr. Wood said, even without Mr. Modi in power, he expects stocks to “bounce back sharply” based on the strength of the country’s economy as a whole.

Coalition politics are back — expect a game of musical chairs.

This new era in Parliament is sure to begin with a few rounds of political retribution. Politicians who failed to deliver seats for their bosses will be shown the door. Smaller parties are likely to demand cabinet positions, which will mean replacing members of the B.J.P.

Policies will need to be revised. Will India lean into export manufacturing, aiming to replace China as the world’s factory? Will it move to protect local industries that fear foreign competition?

Milan Vaishnav, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, cautioned that India cannot exactly return to the coalition politics that preceded Mr. Modi. His new partners are likely to make demands that match the authoritarian style Mr. Modi exercises from New Delhi.

The kind of state leaders he now needs as coalition partners “are just as absolutist as the national government,” Mr. Vaishnav said. They could, for instance, call for federal police agencies to arrest opponents , as Mr. Modi has done.

India’s election was the biggest conducted in the history of democracy, with more than 600 million voters casting ballots in six phases. This time, there were no complaints about the electronic voting machines, or fears that India had become a dictatorship under Mr. Modi.

In a difficult speech delivered on Tuesday night from the B.J.P. headquarters, Mr. Modi called the election a “celebration of democracy.”

Alex Travelli is a correspondent for The Times based in New Delhi, covering business and economic matters in India and the rest of South Asia. He previously worked as an editor and correspondent for The Economist. More about Alex Travelli

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India election results: Modi claims victory for alliance

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters listen to prime minister Narendra Modi’s victory speech at the party headquarters in New Delhi.

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Today’s live coverage has ended, but there’s still plenty to catch up on. Read what you missed below and find more coverage on the AP’s global elections hub.

India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi has claimed victory for his alliance as early results from the staggered, six-week election showed fewer seats for his Bharatiya Janata Party than expected and it appeared unlikely to secure a majority on its own. Final figures are not expected until Wednesday local time, with counting going late into the night.

Here’s what to know:

• Where results stand: After winning a record 303 seats in 2019, Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party appeared unlikely to win more than 240, far short of the 272 needed to form a majority government on its own.
• National Democratic Alliance: The political coalition led by Modi’s party appears on track to win a combined 286 seat majority.
• Modi claims early victory: In a speech to supporters , Modi claimed victory for his alliance , calling the election a big win despite the stronger-than-expected challenge from the opposition.

Across India, supporters of various political parties, leaders and candidates celebrated wins as counting nears its end

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is greeted by supporters as he arrives at Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

A supporter of Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) dances as he celebrates with others their party’s lead during the counting of votes in India’s national election in Mumbai, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

Samajwadi Party supporters celebrate their party’s lead during the counting of votes in India’s national election in Lucknow, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Congress Party leader Rahul Gandhi, in white shirt, sees his mother and party leader Sonia Gandhi off as she leaves the party headquarters after feeling physical discomfort during a press conference in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

Congress Party supporters wait to get a glimpse of the party leader Rahul Gandhi at the party headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party supporters celebrate as they follow proceedings of the vote counting at their party headquarters in Chennai, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Mahesh Kumar A.)

Trinamool Congress Party leader and Chief Minister of West Bengal state, Mamata Banerjee, and her nephew and party leader Abhishek Banerjee make a victory sign with their hands as they arrive to address a press conference in Kolkata, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Bikas Das)

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters dance inside the party office after hearing of a candidate’s victory during the counting in India’s national election, in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist party showed a comfortable lead Tuesday, according to early figures reported by India’s Election Commission, but was facing a stronger challenge from the opposition than had been expected. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Supporters of Congress Party cheer the party leader Rahul Gandhi, center, as he leaves the party headquarters after addressing a press conference in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

A Congress Party supporter carries a flag printed with a portrait of party leader Rahul Gandhi at the party headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

A Samajwadi Party supporter carries portraits of party leader Akhilesh Yadav, right, and Congress Party leader, Rahul Gandhi, as he celebrates his party’s lead during the counting of votes in India’s national election in Lucknow, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Workers carry a large cutout portrait of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the party headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

A man walks past posters with portraits of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) state President K. Annamalai on a street in Chennai, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Mahesh Kumar A.)

After winning a record 303 seats in 2019, the BJP appeared unlikely to win more than 240, far short of the 272 needed to form a majority government on its own, with 194 seats won and the lead in 46 constituencies and counting ongoing.

Modi’s NDA coalition, meantime, was on track to win a combined 286 seat majority, with 225 seats won and leads in 61 races.

The opposition INDIA coalition appeared as if it would win 210 seats.

Final figures were not expected until Wednesday, with counting going late into the night.

The White House on Tuesday commended India for demonstrating its “vibrant democratic process” after close to 970 million Indians went to the polls during its six-week long election.

White House national security spokesperson John Kirby said the turnout demonstrated the Indian electorate’s commitment to democracy.

“So we celebrate that with them,” Kirby told reporters. ”And we applaud the government writ large for successfully completing a truly, massively-sized electoral undertaking.”

Kirby declined to comment about Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his BJP party’s apparent victory, noting that “not all the votes have been tallied and counted.”

Indian President Droupadi Murmu greets the crowd gathered at her temporary residence in New Delhi in 2022 (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

India’s president is its head of state, but the position is largely ceremonial.

Droupadi Murmu, the current president, was elected in 2022 by lawmakers — an electoral college that consists of lawmakers in both houses of Parliament and elected members of the legislative assemblies of all states. She hails from the same political party as Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

The position can be important during times of political uncertainty such as a hung parliament, when the office assumes greater power. The president is bound by the advice of the Cabinet led by the prime minister, who is the chief executive.

Tallies reported by India’s Election Commission showed Modi’s BJP-led National Democratic Alliance, 209 of them going to BJP.

The opposition Congress party is part of the INDIA alliance , which so far had won 177 seats, 81 of them for Congress.

Tallying is ongoing. A total of 272 seats are needed for a majority.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the inauguration of Kashi Vishwanath Dham Corridor, a promenade that connects the sacred Ganges River with the centuries-old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva in Varanasi, India, Monday, Dec. 13, 2021 (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who claimed victory for his alliance in an election seen as a referendum on his decade in power, is a popular but polarizing leader who has presided over a fast-growing economy while advancing Hindu nationalism.

Modi, 73, is only the second Indian prime minister to win a third straight term.

To supporters, Modi is a larger-than-life figure who has improved India’s standing in the world, helped make its economy the world’s fifth-largest , and streamlined the country’s vast welfare program, which serves around 60% of the population. To some, he may even be more than human.

But to critics, he’s a cult leader who has eroded India’s democracy and advanced divisive politics targeting the Muslims who make up 14% of the country’s population. They say he has also increasingly wielded strong-arm tactics to subdue political opponents, squeeze independent media and quash dissent.

▶ Read more in our profile of the prime minister.

As Narendra Modi claimed victory for his alliance, congratulations from neighbors began rolling in on X despite the National Democratic Alliance having several seats to win before securing a majority.

Nepalese Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal: “Congratulations to PM @narendramodi on the electoral success of BJP and NDA in the Loksabha elections for the third consecutive term. We are happy to note the successful completion of the world’s largest democratic exercise with enthusiastic participation of the people of India.”

Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay: “Congratulations to my friend PM @narendramodi ji and NDA for the historic 3rd consecutive win in the world’s biggest elections. As he continues to lead Bharat to great heights, I look forward to working closely with him to further strengthen the relations between our 2 countries.”

Mauritian Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth: “Congratulations Prime Minister Modi Ji @narendramodi on your laudable victory for a historic third term. Under your helm, the largest democracy will continue to achieve remarkable progress. Long live the Mauritius-India special relationship.”

Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe: I extend my warmest felicitations to the @BJP4India led NDA on its victory, demonstrating the confidence of the Indian people in the progress and prosperity under the leadership of PM @narendramodi. As the closest neighbour Sri Lanka looks forward to further strengthening the partnership with India.”

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is garlanded by senior Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leaders Rajnath Singh, left, party President JP Nadda, right, and Amit Shah, at the party headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Around 33 minutes.

32. The National Democratic Alliance, led by Narendra Modi’s BJP, has claimed 240 seats. It needs 272 to secure a majority and thus a third term for the prime minister.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi says India will will see a “new chapter of big decisions” in his third term in office.

After claiming victory for his coalition alliance despite a lackluster performance from his own party, Modi told a crowd at party headquarters he would not shirk from pushing forward with his agenda.

He said he would advance India’s defense production, jobs for youth, raise exports and help farmers, among other things.

“This country will see a new chapter of big decisions. This is Modi’s guarantee,” he said, speaking in the third person.

His speech is still ongoing.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi greets supporters as he arrives at Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi promises “new chapter of big decisions” after declaring victory for his coalition.

But if his BJP is indeed forced to form a coalition, the party would likely “be heavily dependent on the goodwill of its allies, which makes them critical players who we can expect will extract their pound of flesh, both in terms of policymaking as well as government formation,” said Milan Vaishnav, director of the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi claimed victory for his alliance, despite a lackluster performance from his own party as it faced a stronger than expected challenge from the opposition, which pushed back against the leader’s mixed economic record and polarizing politics.

Modi said that his National Democratic Alliance will form the government for the third consecutive time.

“Today’s victory is the victory of the world’s largest democracy,” he said, speaking at his party headquarters.

For the first time since Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party swept to power in 2014, it appeared unlikely that it would secure a majority on its own – but the prime minister’s coalition was still expected to be elected to a third five-year term in the world’s largest democratic exercise .

If Modi does have to rely on coalition support to govern, it would be a stunning blow for the 73-year-old, who had hoped for a landslide victory.

As Prime Minister Narendra Modi claims victory for his alliance, 329 of 543 seats have been decided, according to India’s Election Commission. Counting is expected to continue through the night.

Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party and its National Democratic Alliance has yet to secure the 272 seats needed for a parliamentary majority, but the prime minister has declared “a very big win.”

India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi swept to power a decade ago on promises to transform India’s economy, and as he seeks a third term as prime minister, it would be hard to argue he hasn’t made strides.

▶ Read more about the growth of India’s economy — and why some feel left behind.

Supporters of National Democratic Alliance watch as their candidates arrive to file nomination papers ahead of national elections in Mumbai, India, Monday, April 29, 2024. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

The National Democratic Alliance, an Indian political coalition, is led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. It was founded in 1998 and comprises center-right and right-wing political parties.

The coalition’s first chair was former BJP Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The coalition ruled from 1998 to 2004, but then was out of power until 2014, when Modi was first elected as the prime minister.

BJP’s key allies in the NDA include more than a dozen regional parties, including the Telugu Desam Party, Janta Dal (United), Pattali Makkal Katchi, the Republican Parry of India (Athwale Group) and Shiv Sena.

The NDA could be key to Modi retaining his position. In the past two elections, the BJP has secured an outright majority, but early figures indicate it might need the coalition to reach that threshold.

More than 12 hours after vote counting started, India’s Election Commission reports that the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party has won 140 seats while the Congress party has won 55.

272 seats are needed to secure a majority. Preliminary results indicate Modi’s BJP will need to rely on its coalition partners to achieve that.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has arrived at Bharatiya Janata Party headquarters in New Delhi, where supporters are spilling out into the road.

Samajwadi Party supporters dance as they celebrate their party’s lead during the counting of votes in India’s national election in Lucknow, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist party is facing a major upset in India’s most populous state at the hands of a powerful regional group, Samajwadi Party or Socialist Group.

The Samajwadi Party, founded in 1992 and now led by Akhilesh Yadav, has already won 10 seats in Uttar Pradesh state and was leading in another 28 constituencies. It is part of the Congress-led INDIA alliance, which is facing off against the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance.

Modi’s BJP has won in 12 districts (including Modi’s own Varanasi seat) and is leading in 20 constituencies. Exit polls had predicted a landslide victory for the BJP in the state.

“In this election, it seems Lord Ram has deserted the BJP,” Samajwadi spokesperson Rajendra Chaudhry said.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, shows the indelible ink mark on his index finger after casting his vote during the third phase of general elections, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Tuesday, May 7, 2024. (AP Photo/Ajit Solanki)

The 73-year-old is one of India’s most beloved — and polarizing — leaders. He’s already won twice, first in 2014 and then in 2019, and is now seeking a hattrick victory.

His supporters see him as a self-made, strong leader who has improved India’s standing on the global stage, and credit his pro-business policies with making the economy the world’s fifth-largest. At the same time, his rule has seen brazen attacks against minorities, particularly Muslims.

India’s democracy, critics say, is faltering and Modi has increasingly blurred the line between religion and state. But both agree on one thing: Modi has achieved staying power by making Hindu nationalism acceptable — desirable, even — to a nation of 1.4 billion that for decades prided itself on secularism and diversity.

Millions of Indians are voting in a six-week long national election in a referendum on Narendra Modi, the populist prime minister who has championed an assertive brand of Hindu nationalist politics. The voters will cast ballots in the first round of voting across 21 states. Over 970 million voters will elect 543 members for the lower house of Parliament for five years during the staggered elections that will run until June 1. The votes will be counted on June 4. (AP Video by Piyush Nagpal)

Each phase was held on a single day, with voting in several constituencies across multiple states. The staggered polling allowed the government to deploy tens of thousands of troops to prevent violence and transport election officials and voting machines.

People walk past a large poster of the movie “Swatantra Veer Savarkar” displayed outside a cinema hall in Mumbai (AP Photo/Rajanish Kakade)

For more than a century, Bollywood has unified India, a country riven with religious, caste and political divide. It’s been a rare industry where religion has been least influential in deciding the success of filmmakers and actors. Bollywood films have also championed political diversity and religious harmony.

That culture, however, appears to be under threat.

Under Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist government, many filmmakers have made movies on bygone Hindu kings extolling their bravery. Boisterous and action-packed movies valorizing the Indian Army have become box office successes. Political dramas and biopics that eulogize Hindu nationalists are the norm.

In most of these films, the stock villains are medieval Muslim rulers, leftist or opposition leaders, free thinkers or rights activists — and neighboring Pakistan.

▶ Read more about how some in the Hindi film industry have embraced Modi.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi says his coalition is on the path to a third straight term in government after India’s marathon election.

“People have placed their faith in NDA, for a third consecutive time! This is a historical feat in India’s history,” Modi on Tuesday said in a post on X, referring to the National Democratic Alliance which his party heads. He said he will continue to work and fulfil the aspirations of the people.

As Modi posted his comment, his coalition had won 128 seats and led in 157 races according to the Election Commission. A total of 272 seats were needed to form a majority government.

For Payal, a resident of the northern city of Lucknow who uses only one name, the election was about the economy and India’s vast number of people living in poverty. “People are suffering, there are no jobs, people are in such a state that their kids are compelled to make and sell tea on the roadside,” Payal said. “This is a big deal for us. If we don’t wake up now, when will we?”

Supporters of Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) dance as they celebrate their party’s lead during the counting of votes in India’s national election in Mumbai, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

Supporters of Congress Party dance as they celebrate their party’s lead during the counting of votes in India’s national election in Mumbai, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

Faces of Trinamool Congress Party supporters smeared with green colour display victory sign as they celebrate the election results in Kolkata, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist party showed a comfortable lead Tuesday, according to early figures reported by India’s Election Commission, but was facing a stronger challenge from the opposition than had been expected. (AP Photo/Bikas Das)

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party supporters cheer as they follow proceedings of the vote counting at their party headquarters in Chennai, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. India began counting more than 640 million votes Tuesday in the world’s largest democratic exercise, which was widely expected to return Prime Minister Narendra Modi to a third term after a decade in power. (AP Photo/Mahesh Kumar A.)

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters shout slogans as they celebrate their party’s lead during the counting of votes outside the party office in Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Dar Yasin)

Congress party supporters cheer as they follow proceedings of vote counting at their party headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. India began counting more than 640 million votes Tuesday in the world’s largest democratic exercise, which was widely expected to return Prime Minister Narendra Modi to a third term after a decade in power. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

A band plays music as Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters dance inside the party office after hearing of a candidate’s victory during the counting in India’s national election, in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. xPrime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist party showed a comfortable lead Tuesday, according to early figures reported by India’s Election Commission, but was facing a stronger challenge from the opposition than had been expected. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters light firecrackers after hearing of a candidate’s victory during the counting of votes in India’s national election, in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Across India, supporters of various political parties have been celebrating results as they trickle in with colored powder, fireworks, drums and more.

Hindu nationalism, once a fringe ideology in India, is now mainstream. Nobody has done more to advance this cause than Prime Minister Narendra Modi, one of India’s most beloved and polarizing political leaders.

Hindu nationalism , once a fringe ideology in India , is now mainstream. Nobody has done more to advance this cause than Prime Minister Narendra Modi , one of India’s most beloved and polarizing political leaders.

And no entity has had more influence on his political philosophy and ambitions than a paramilitary, right-wing group founded nearly a century ago and known as the RSS.

▶ Read more about how Hindu nationalism has become mainstream over the past decade.

Aam Aadmi Party leader Arvind Kejriwal greets his supporters from a vehicle during a roadshow in New Delhi, India, Saturday, May 11, 2024. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

As votes are being counted, Arvind Kejriwal, 55, is likely keeping track — from jail.

One of India’s most consequential opposition leaders, Kejriwal was arrested in March over alleged corruption charges, and let out on bail in May for a few weeks. He campaigned heavily during this time in his stronghold of New Delhi, India’s capital, as well as a few other cities before heading back to jail.

Kejriwal stormed into Indian politics in 2012 as he launched the anti-corruption Aam Aadmi Party, or Common People’s Party.

Since then, he has emerged as a fierce Modi rival, especially in New Delhi and Punjab state, where his party is in power.

His arrest and the ensuing saga dominated headlines, as he and his party accused Modi’s government of engineering his arrest to keep him out of the race. The government has denied this.

Kejriwal’s AAP is part of a broad alliance of opposition parties called INDIA, the main challenger to Modi’s BJP in this election.

Congress Party leader Rahul Gandhi holds a copy of the Indian Constitution as he addresses a press conference at the party headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

Rahul Gandhi, the face of the Congress party’s campaign and would-be prime minister, said the preliminary results showed India does not want Narendra Modi.

“People’s clear message to PM Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah is that we don’t want you to run the nation,” Gandhi said at a Congress party press conference around 10 hours into the vote count. “The poorest of this country have defended the constitution of India.”

Flanked by Congress leaders, including mother Sonia Gandhi, the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty scion brandished a copy of the constitution.

Despite a stronger-than-expected showing from Congress’ INDIA alliance thus far, Modi is still expected to secure a third term as prime minister.

The counting is ticking along more than 10 hours after it began, and results have now been called for 103 parliamentary seats out of a total of 543.

Modi’s National Democratic Alliance had won 67 seats, with 62 of them going to his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, according to India’s Election Commission. The opposing INDIA coalition had bagged 31 seats, with the main Congress party winning 27 of them. The remaining five seats went to other regional parties.

Congress party leader Shashi Taroor, and contender for the party president position, left, raises hands with newly elected president Mallikarjun Kharge in New Delhi, India, Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2022. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

India’s opposition Congress party has called its alliance’s strong showing in the polls a “win for democracy” and a “moral and political loss” for Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Congress party President Mallikarjun Kharge just addressed a press conference in New Delhi, saying that because no party had a clear majority, the mandate was against Modi.

“Our fight has not ended yet. We will continue to fight for the country’s development, for the constitution, for the benefit of the people,” Kharge said.

Modi’s coalition led in a majority of seats Tuesday in India’s general election , according to early figures, but faced a stronger challenge from the opposition than expected after it pushed back against the leader’s mixed economic record and polarizing politics. Modi was still widely expected to be elected to a third five-year term in the world’s largest democratic exercise .

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters celebrate in Srinagar as vote counting is underway in India’s 2024 Lok Sabha election. AP video: Dar Yasin

Some 10 hours into counting , partial tallies reported by India’s Election Commission showed Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party was ahead in 196 constituencies and had won 45, including one uncontested, of 543 parliamentary seats. The main opposition Congress party led in 83 constituencies and had won 15.

A total of 272 seats are needed for a majority. In 2019, the BJP won 303 seats, while they secured 282 in 2014 when Modi first came to power.

Modi’s party is part of the National Democratic Alliance, whose members led in 236 constituencies and won 50, according to the partial count. The Congress party is part of the INDIA alliance , which led in 211 constituencies and had won 19.

The Election Commission does not release data on the percentage of votes tallied.

India’s general elections are held every five years. There are no specified term limits for lawmakers and thus no limit on how many years a prime minister can serve. Narendra Modi has already been in power for a decade. Should he win a third term and finish it out, he’ll near the record of the longest-serving prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.

India employs a first-past-the-post multiparty electoral system. That means for individual contests, whoever receives the most votes wins. To win a parliamentary majority — and thus the premiership — a party or a coalition of parties must secure at least 272 seats (543 seats are up for a vote). India’s electoral system is similar to the U.K.’s.

Congress party supporters celebrate in Mumbai as vote counting is underway in India’s 2024 Lok Sabha election. (AP video: Rafiq Maqbool)

India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi filed his nomination on Tuesday to run for a third term in India’s general election. Modi hopes to retain his seat in the holy Hindu city, his constituency, from where he ran and won, first in 2014 and then again in 2019. (AP video shot by Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Although Narendra Modi is the former chief minister of Gujarat, the incumbent prime minister has retained his seat in Varanasi.

It’s the constituency from which he first ran and won in 2014. Located in Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, Varanasi is a holy Hindu city. It’s about 1,350 kilometers (840 miles) east of Modi’s hometown of Vadnagar in Gujarat state.

A woman shows her index fingers marked with an indelible ink as she poses for a photograph next to a cutout portrait of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi after casting her vote in Varanasi, India (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has won his seat from the Hindu holy city of Varanasi, the constituency from where he ran and won, first in 2014 and then again in 2019, India’s election commission reported.

Modi, who won by more than 152,000 votes, secured 54% of total votes. He was pitted against opposition Congress party’s Ajai Rai, who secured 40% of the votes.

The holy city is located on the banks of the revered Ganges River and is part of Uttar Pradesh state, India’s most populous, with around 200 million people.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in a white waistcoat, and Yogi Adityanath, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh greet supporters from a vehicle during a roadshow in Varanasi, India, Monday, May 13, 2024. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar)

In campaign rallies, Narendra Modi has called Muslims “infiltrators” and said they “have too many children,” referring to a Hindu nationalist trope that Muslims produce more children with the aim of outnumbering Hindus in India. He has also accused the rival Indian National Congress party of scheming to “loot” wealth from the country’s Hindus and redistribute it among Muslims, who comprise 14% of India’s more than 1.4 billion people.

Modi had kicked off his campaign with a focus on economic progress, promising he would make India a developed nation by 2047. But he and the ruling BJP doubled down heavily on their Hindu nationalism platform , with Modi employing some of his most divisive rhetoric in his decade in power.

The Congress party filed a complaint with the Election Commission of India, alleging Modi broke rules that bar candidates from engaging in any activity that aggravates religious tensions.

Analysts say the change in tone came as the BJP targeted a supermajority by consolidating votes among the majority Hindu population — a number that now seems out of reach. They say Modi’s party also ratcheted up polarizing speeches to distract voters from larger issues, like unemployment and economic distress, that the opposition has focused on.

A polling officer applies indelible ink mark on the finger of a voter during the fifth round of multi-phase national elections in Ayodhya, India, Monday, May 20, 2024. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Narendra Modi’s BJP have lost their seat in Ayodhya, a deeply symbolic loss for the party after the prime minister opened a grand but controversial Hindu temple there in January.

The BJP candidate, Lallu Singh, lost to a candidate put up by the regional Samajwadi Party, Singh’s poll agent Kamlesh Srivastava told The Associated Press. Singh had held the seat since 2014.

Modi and his party have heavily campaigned on this temple dedicated to Lord Ram, built on the historic ruins of a mosque that was destroyed by Hindu mobs in 1992.

In this photograph released by Indian Government Press Information Bureau, Indian Prime Minister, arrives to lead the opening of a temple dedicated to Hinduism’s Lord Ram in Ayodhya, India, Monday, Jan. 22, 2024. (Press Information Bureau via AP)

Experts said the January opening, where Modi performed rituals inside the temple, marked the unofficial start of his campaign as they hoped it would resonate with his Hindu majority voters. Modi’s government had turned the event into a national occasion by organizing live screenings across the country and closing offices for half a day.

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters celebrate in Delhi as vote counting is underway in India’s 2024 Lok Sabha election. (AP video: Manish Swarup)

Vinod Kumar Vidyarthi waits with sweets outside the BJP party office for the final election results (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Outside the BJP party office in New Delhi, supporter Vinod Kumar Vidyarthi sported a stole emblazoned with Modi’s likeness and toted a Modi-branded water bottle and sweets.

Despite the sweets, he had strong words regarding the election and the Hindu nationalist party he supports: “Our party will form the government. We had traitors within us. After we form the government, it will be a victory for Hindus and we will chase away all those who betrayed us.”

Polling officers Dekule Kapfo, Neke W Konyak, Neichutuonuo Yhome and Nukutholu Nienu prepare election-related paperwork on the eve of polling (AP Photo/Yirmiyan Arthur)

The Northern Angami constituency of Chedema village is Nagaland’s first to be solely managed by women polling officers. It was the idea of Kumar Ramnikant, the administrative head of Kohima district, in hopes of breaking job stereotypes.

“Women are more systematic. They take every sentence seriously, whereas men have an easy attitude,” said Zhoto Khamo, an officer who has supervised many elections.

▶ Read more about these polling officers and see more photos of the station.

The vote counting is still carrying on, but results have been called for 28 parliamentary seats out of 542 so far.

Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party has won 19 seats, according to India’s Election Commission, while its main opposition Congress party bagged 4 seats. The rest went to different regional parties.

Vote tallying is expected to take all day, but the count so far shows Modi’s party leading in 225 constituencies with the Congress ahead in 93.

G20 leaders pay their tributes at the Rajghat, a Mahatma Gandhi memorial, in New Delhi, India, Sunday, Sept. 10, 2023. (AP Photo/Kenny Holston, Pool)

The polls are seen as a test for India’s democratic and secular traditions, which critics say have seen a slow erosion under Narendra Modi’s 10-year rule. It also tests the limits of a populist leader who has risen to power by mixing religion with politics on a Hindu-first platform.

India’s clout on the global stage has risen under Modi. It’s seen by Western nations as a counterweight to Chinese aggression in the region even as New Delhi maintains its historic ties with Russia. And its large economy, one of the fastest growing in the world, has only boosted its rise as an emerging global power.

Earthmovers remove burnt debris the day after a fire broke out in an amusement park in Rajkot, India, Sunday, May 26, 2024 (AP Photo/Ajit Solanki)

Early leads from India’s election commission projected Narendra Modi’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party was leading in 25 of 26 seats in the prime minister’s home state of Gujarat. But party leaders said they were not celebrating victory because of a recent fire at an amusement park in the state that killed 27 people.

A massive fire broke out last month at an amusement park in the state’s Rajkot city. Those killed included children.

“We had decided that there will be no celebratory victory or beating of drums. So we are not celebrating,” said C. R. Patil, a senior leader from Modi’s party.

India’s top opposition leader Rahul Gandhi, center, arrives at the Parliament in New Delhi, India, Monday, Aug.7, 2023 (AP Photo)

The 53-year-old is the scion of modern India’s most powerful political dynasty. He is the great-grandson of the country’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. His grandmother and father also held the top job and were each assassinated.

He is the star face for the opposition Congress party, which governed India for nearly 55 years after the country gained independence from the British in 1947. This time, he and his Congress party are leading the main opposition alliance, called INDIA, against Narendra Modi’s BJP.

While his family connections have helped retain some loyal voters, they have also worked against him — especially in the past two elections, where he suffered huge losses against Modi, who refers to Gandhi as an out-of-touch elite, coasting on his surname.

On the campaign trail, Gandhi has called Modi a dictator ruining India’s democracy. He has attacked Modi and the BJP over recent anti-Muslim rhetoric. And his party is hoping to benefit from economic distress, including high unemployment.

A Bharatiya Janta Party supporter prepares to offer prayers to the cut-out of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi outside their party headquarters in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, June 4, 2024 (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ruling Hindu nationalist party appears to be falling short of a majority in the early vote count. If these trends hold, it would be a stunning setback to the populist who has never relied on coalition partners to govern.

Modi’s party is still expected to form the government and return as the prime minister for a rare third consecutive term as his National Democratic Alliance was leading in about 290 constituencies — ahead of the 272 seats needed for a majority. Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party alone was leading in 242 seats.

A coalition would, however, diminish Modi’s power as a strongman leader who won his party landslide victories in 2014 and 2019 elections.

In such a scenario, his BJP would likely “be heavily dependent on the goodwill of its allies, which makes them critical players who we can expect will extract their pound of flesh, both in terms of policymaking as well as government formation,” said Milan Vaishnav, director of the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

“This would be truly, you know, uncharted territory, both for Indians as well as for the prime minister,” Vaishnav said.

Since coming to power in 2014, Modi’s BJP has governed in a coalition government but has always held a majority on its own.

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters celebrate in Guwahati as party seeks majority for third term in Assam. (AP video: Anupam Nath)

People cross the Brahmaputra river in a boat to reach a polling booth in Morigaon district, Assam, India, on April 26 (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)

As hundreds of millions headed to the polls, they did so amid sweltering heat and unpredictable weather extremes worsened by human-caused climate change. That climate change has led to losses of livelihood, forced migration and increasingly difficult living conditions.

India’s top political parties made promises to address climate change and reduce emissions in their election manifestos — but little of that was evident on the campaign trail.

Here’s a look at what climate change has wrought in the country:

• Western and central India: extreme heat and longer droughts
• Coastal regions: stronger and more frequent cyclones
• Northeastern India: unpredictable and increased flooding
• Himalayas: melting glaciers and intense rain

▶ Read more about how climate change has affected the election.