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NIKE: The Story Behind the Iconic Brand and its Rise to Global Success

• 30 March 2023

NIKE is a world-renowned brand known for its high-quality athletic shoes and sportswear. The brand has a fascinating history, from its humble beginnings as Blue Ribbon Sports to its current status as one of the most valuable brands in the world. Through this post, I would like to guide you through the story behind the brand, its iconic tagline and logo, and its rise to global success.

The Founding of NIKE

NIKE was co-founded by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman in 1964. Phil Knight, now a billionaire businessman, began his career as a sports reporter and accountant. He earned awards for his track performances in the late 1950s while he was studying at university. His track-and-field coach was none other than Bill Bowerman.

Combining his love for running and his newly acquired business skills, Phil launched his shoe company called Blue Ribbon Sports with the objective of importing high-quality and low-cost running shoes from Japan into the American market. Seven years later, in 1971, the company had grown to fifty employees. The collaboration with the Japanese shoe supplier had ended, and Phil chose a shoe factory in Mexico that had been endorsed by Adidas to manufacture his shoes. He also needed a new name for his first order of leather soccer shoes, which he would sell as football shoes. At the last minute, he received one more suggestion from Jeff Johnson, the company’s first employee, and Phil chose Nike , the name of the Greek winged goddess of victory.

Just Do It: The Iconic Tagline

In 1987, Nike was preparing to launch its first major television campaign, which included commercials for running, walking, cross-training, basketball, and women’s fitness. Creative agency Wieden+Kennedy had been hired to create and run the campaign. Each spot was developed by a different creative team, and Dan Wieden, founder of the agency, felt the campaign needed a tagline that would bring everything together. In a 2009 documentary about advertising, Dan confessed that he took inspiration from a convicted murderer’s last words to the firing squad before his execution: “Let’s do it!” Nike didn’t feel like the campaign needed the tagline but allowed it nonetheless. Just Do It is among the most popular taglines in the world. In just three words, this simple tagline empowers athletes everywhere to stop overthinking and just take the first step.

The Evolution of the Nike Logo: From BRS to the Famous ‘Swoosh’

The Nike Swoosh is one of the world’s most recognizable logos. It’s been around since 1971, when it was designed by graphic design student Carolyn Davidson. Since then, the logo has been used on a variety of products and has become a symbol of positivity, inclusiveness, and fun.

Let’s take a look at the history of the Nike Swoosh logo and how it’s evolved over the years.

Blue Ribbon Sports (1964-1971)

The Nike Swoosh logo first appeared in 1964, when the company was known as Blue Ribbon Sports. The logo was a set of interlacing letters (BRS) with the full name of the company underneath. This design wasn’t super-legible, but was perfectly serviceable at the time.

Nike (1971-1978)

In 1971, Blue Ribbon Sports officially changed its name to Nike, in honor of the Greek goddess of victory. Carolyn Davidson was commissioned to design the iconic Swoosh logo and Phil Knight, the company’s co-founder, chose it from many different options. Upon first seeing Davidson’s design, Knight said: “I don’t love it, but it will grow on me.”

Swoosh Becomes Solid (1978-1985)

In 1978, the Swoosh switched from a line drawing to a solid, black checkmark. The Nike wordmark also changed from a cursive script to italic, all-caps in Futura Bold. This new mark was much more geometric and imposing.

Color Change (1985-1995)

In 1985, the logo got a color change, with the lettering and Swoosh going white against a red background. From 1988 onwards, this was often teamed with the new Nike motto, ‘Just Do it’.

Symbol-Only Logo (1995-present)

By 1995, the Swoosh was so well known that the wordmark was dropped altogether. This made it easy to embed or embroider the logo onto Nike shoes and clothing. It also made it recognizable around the world, regardless of language.

The Nike Swoosh logo has come a long way since it was first created by Carolyn Davidson in 1971. From a set of interlacing letters to a solid, black checkmark, the logo has been used in a variety of different forms over the years. It has become a symbol of positivity, inclusiveness, and fun and is recognized around the world.

Michael Jordan and NIKE’s Rise to Global Success

In 1984, Michael Jordan was the undisputed star of basketball. He wanted to sign with Adidas , but Nike made him a better offer, namely $ 500,000 a year for five years and the opportunity to design his own line of shoes. Listening to his parents’ advice, Michael Jordan said yes to Nike’s offer. The next year, Nike launched the first pair of Air Jordans onto the market. The new shoe was insanely successful. The company sold $126 million worth of Air Jordans in the first year of the deal. A new edition of the shoe dropped every year of Jordan’s playing career. Michael Jordan’s collaboration with Nike helped the brand become the leading athletic shoe manufacturer in the world.

NIKE’s Contribution to the Sneakerhead Culture

The sneakerhead culture began in the 1970s, but Nike’s deal with Michael Jordan contributed to its global development. Last year, Financial Times estimated the sneaker resale market was close to US$ 2 billion. The Jordan brand, a subsidiary of Nike, continues to largely drive sneaker sales, generating $US3.14 billion in revenue between May 2018 and May 2019. The Air Jordan 1 is widely credited as the shoe that began sneaker culture. The rarest and most desirable sneaker ever made is the Nike MAG, the sneakers worn by Marty McFly  in Back to the Future II 1989 movie.

Innovation, Inspiration, and Excellence Unleashed

NIKE’s success story is a testament to the power of a great brand name, a catchy tagline, and strategic collaborations. From its humble beginnings importing Japanese running shoes to its domination of the athletic shoe market, NIKE has become a household name around the world. The company’s impact on sneakerhead culture continues to be felt today. As the brand continues to evolve and expand, one thing is certain: NIKE will always be associated with innovation, inspiration, and the pursuit of excellence.

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Nike est une société spécialisée dans la fabrication des produits sportifs . Cette société américaine est également présente en France, sous forme de société par actions simplifiée. Le siège social est situé à Saint-Ouen-l’Aumône. En 2018, Nike enregistre un chiffre d’affaires de 39 milliards de dollars.

Nike, c’est la célèbre marque avec la virgule en guise de logo. Quelques années après sa création, le slogan «  Just Do It  » est intégré à la marque réputée mondialement. Elle a été la première à créer des chaussures avec des poches de gaz, permettant d’absorber les chocs. D’autres technologies font sa renommée telle que l’amorti à «  Air  », le « flyknite », le « Lunarlon », etc. Des modèles sont devenus emblématiques pour Nike comme l’Air Force, Air Max, la première Cortèse (chaussure de course à pied), la Huarache , etc. Nike est présente dans tous les types de sports et véhiculent une image de victoire.

Les dates importantes pour Nike

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Présentation NIKE

SANTOS Wali

Created on October 1, 2021

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THE MESOZOIC ERA

All the things, english irregular verbs, visual communication and storytelling.

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Données financières

Stratégie de l'entreprise

idéologie de l'entreprise

Caractéristique de l'entreprise

Chemin de présentation

Basic guide to

I. Caractéristiques de l'organisation

Les caractéristiques de l'organisations

1. DENOMINATION SOCIAL

2.Type d'organisation- Caractère privé

Basic guide to create an awesome presentation

3. Secteur d'activité

• A but lucratif
• Environnemental

4. Finalitées

4. Finalités

• A but lucratif via la vente de produits sportif
• Environnemental par rapport à la création par les matérieuax recyclés
• Social : espace de travail saint, avec possibilité d'effectuer du sport pour s'épanouir

5. Activité de biens marchands

6. Taille et champ d'action de l'organisation

• Grande Entreprise 2. Champ d'action international 3. Utilisateurs sont des clients

SA NIKE USA

L'entreprise NIKE est présente dans de nombreux pays mais il faut savoir que son siège social se trouve dans l'Oregon aux Etats-Unis

7. Nationalité de l'organisation

8. LES RESSOURCES DE L'ORGANISATION2021

FINANCIERES

-RNC = 5,73 milliard $-Marge bénéficiaire net = 12,86%

-Nombres d'employé = 73 300-CEO = John Donahoe

MATERIELLES

-1152 magasins dans le monde-700 usines toutes équipé dans le monde

IMMATERIELLES

-Application , site internet-mouvement présent sur différents domaines "just do it"-notoriéte et image de marque importante.-Brevet

II. La stratégie de NIKE sur le marché

Basic Dark templatePresentation

• Concurrentiel
• Nombreux clients

1.La structure du marché

Stratégie de communication

Stratégie d'externalisation

Stratégie d'innovation

Stratégie de spécialisation

Stratégie d'intégrationEn aval

Art d'élaborer un plan d'actions coordonnées sur différents faits il en éxiste logiquement plusieurs.

2. Les différentes stratégies de nike

-Taux de chômage en baisse, de 5,2% à 4,8% -Chute de 32% des ventes en physique à cause du covid-19 -Augmentation des ventes en ligne de 30% -Mode de paiement en plusieurs fois

-Innovation constante -Technologie dans la gamme Air Max -Digitalisation boost le marché

-Différentes actions en justice (Skechers/lil nas X (chaussure))

-Fin des sacs plastiques à une seul utilisation -Mouvent « Move to zéro » pour réduire à 0 les déchets et les émissions de carbones. -utilisation de matériaux recycler pour la confection des chaussure

-Le marché sneaker en augmentation ces dernieres années -Le marché de l’occasion de la sneaker passe 2 Milliard $

-Pays stable -Projet d’augmenter l’impôt fédéral des bénfices de 22% à 28%

L’analyse PESTEL consiste à observer les facteurs de contingences.Cette analyse concerne l'environnement global de l'organisation et a pour conséquence de moduler ou de modifier les décisions mises en places

4. La matrice PESTEL

III. L'IDEOLOGIE DE

Consultatif PaternalisteLeadershipParticipatif

Les styles de management chez NIKE

2 . LA CULTURE DE L'ENTREPRISE NIKE

la performance sociale

Conditions de travail positive et négative

la performance sociétale

Création d'emploiSolicite les étudiantsEnrichissement de l'Etat

la performance environnemental

Limitation impact écologique

Nike porte une politique de prix assez spécifique, car on voit ses montants évolué de plus en plus tout en ayant des couts amoindri

Un slogan marquant dans une gamme exclusivement sportive,avec des design répondant à toutes demandes et des produits de plus en plus innovants et un cycle de vie variant (qualité du produit)

Les moyens mis en place sont nombreux de nombreux sites physiques et internet ainsi que de la livraisons a domicile, et de la désintermédiation afin de distribuer plus facilement de manière direct

Nike à une politique de promotion assez spécifique avec de nombreux sponsoring et des collaborations pour toucher un plus grands public, la présence importante sur les réseaux est aussi a souligner

IV.Les données financières

CHIFFRE D'AFFAIRE

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The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania shares a federal border with South Ossetia which is recognised by Russia and a few other states as an independent country, but most view it as part of Georgia. Both Ossetias make up the home of the Ossetians - a people who are descended from the Alans (hence the addition of Alania in the republic’s name) and speak Ossetian, a language belonging to the Iranian family of languages. The Ossetians are predominantly Orthodox Christian.

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37 replies to this topic

The shortest way would be to go from Vladikavkaz to Georgia through South Ossetia. But as you know, according to the law on occupied territories, adopted by President Saakashvili government after Russia-Georgia war of 2008, if a person enters Abkhazia or South Ossetia without formal permission from Georgian authorities he/she will be fined for, at least, USD1,200 or imprisonment up to 4 years period. There were multiple cases when people, mostly tourists, visiting Abkhazia or South Ossetia and when afterwards they arrived to Georgia proper, they were detained and sometimes jailed in Georgia.

I would not recommend driving this route unless you have well placed friends traveling with you or plenty of money for bribes.

There are surely buses taking this route routinely. Road might be subject to winter closures. One of the most facinating journeys you may take - the scenery is stunning!

Before you offer your expert opinion regarding anything, please make sure that you know the actual facts. Special permits for the citizens of Georgian are required from the Russian government, not from the Georgian. Russians and other nationalities boarding Georgia enter the country without any permits. The Georgians must have invitations from Russian citizens, then pay 60$ for entry visa permit and wait at least for 5 days to get that permit. Saakashvili was a bad man and harmed his own country badly, but visa regulations on Russian-Georgian border is not his invention.

Dear datukashvili, I'm afreid you are trying to add a splash of politics to travel forum. Indeed, there are visas required currently by Russia from Georgian citizens, and many other nationals. Well, this is a fact. No visas usually lead to easier travel, but here we have foreigners asking specific questions than we are trying to answer. Best regards to you, and fantastic Tbilisi!

But there are still not many information. I wonder if I can find a Marshrutkas/Buses from Tbilisi to Vladikavkas, do I need to apply for a permission to cross through the South Ossetia?(I have a passport which has free visa to Georgia and another passport with free visa to Russia) And, is there also easy to find Marshrutkas/Buses from Vladikavkas to Grozny?

Thank you for the information!!

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Notre Code de conduite pour les fournisseurs

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En sport comme en affaires, le fair-play fait partie de nos valeurs. Nous avons la conviction qu'un modèle de production internationale d'excellence doit être fondé sur des normes respectueuses de l'environnement et des employés des usines, et sur des espaces de travail sûrs.

Nous avons la responsabilité de mener nos opérations de manière éthique, et cette responsabilité s'étend jusqu'aux sous-traitants qui fabriquent nos produits.

Notre Code de conduite et nos Normes de leadership pour l'application du Code définissent nos exigences envers les fournisseurs et reflètent nos priorités en matière de travail, de santé, de sécurité et d'environnement.

NIKE est signataire du programme de convergence sociale du travail (Social Labor Convergence Program, SLCP) et membre de la Sustainable Apparel Coalition (SAC). Ces organisations visent à favoriser la convergence des acteurs de l'industrie sur les questions de conformité des usines, pour atténuer les problèmes à l'aide du Higg Facility Environmental Module et d'autres outils adaptés à l'industrie. Leur approche s'appuie notamment sur la mise en place d'une production responsable par les fournisseurs, ce qui correspond à l'objectif de NIKE de réaliser des performances durables et constantes avec nos usines partenaires. Nous remplaçons notre système actuel d'évaluation des usines de nos fournisseurs par cette approche commune à tout le secteur pour contrôler la conformité aux normes relatives au travail, à la santé, la sécurité et à l'environnement. En 2020, en réponse aux engagements pris, NIKE a commencé à déployer les outils de l'industrie dans des installations de notre chaîne d'approvisionnement étendue.

L'engagement, c'est essentiel

Chez Nike, nous pensons que même s'il n'y a pas de ligne d'arrivée, il faut résolument s'engager dans la course. Le Code de conduite (Code) et les Normes de leadership pour l'application du Code (Code Leadership Standards, CLS) Nike établissent les normes de base que doivent respecter a minima les installations de chaque fournisseur. Nous attendons de tous nos fournisseurs qu'ils partagent notre engagement envers le bien-être des travailleurs, et qu'ils utilisent les ressources naturelles de manière responsable et efficace. Ces normes a minima font partie intégrante des stratégies de Nike en matière de fournisseurs. Elles déterminent notre manière d'évaluer le rendement minimal et de choisir les fournisseurs avec lesquels Nike continuera de travailler et de développer ses activités. Nous travaillons avec les fournisseurs qui s'engagent à gérer leurs activités de manière responsable et durable, et qui cherchent à faire mieux que les exigences minimales.

Nos exigences

Nous exigeons de tous nos fournisseurs qu'ils s'engagent, comme Nike, à respecter les droits des travailleurs et à faire progresser leur bien-être, en accordant une attention particulière aux personnes plus vulnérables, comme les femmes, les personnes migrantes et les employés intérimaires. Nous exigeons aussi de nos fournisseurs qu'ils utilisent les ressources naturelles de manière responsable et efficace, notamment pour réduire leurs déchets et leurs émissions de carbone. Conformément à la stratégie de croissance de Nike, nous cherchons des fournisseurs qui élaborent des dispositifs de gestion agiles et résilients. Ainsi, ils peuvent développer leurs activités durablement, en motivant et en valorisant leur main-d'œuvre, en créant une forte culture de sécurité et en limitant leur impact sur l'environnement.

Notre vision de la collaboration

Pour concrétiser notre vision d'une chaîne d'approvisionnement plus responsable et durable, nous devrons développer nos collaborations et des actions communes avec nos fournisseurs, mais aussi avec d'autres marques et avec tous les acteurs de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Des relations basées sur la transparence, la collaboration et le respect mutuel sont indispensables pour y parvenir. Nous travaillerons avec nos fournisseurs pour continuer à accroître notre engagement auprès de la société civile, des organisations syndicales, des gouvernements et d'autres acteurs, pour amorcer des changements systémiques liés au travail, à la santé et à la sécurité, mais aussi aux conditions environnementales des communautés où nos fournisseurs opèrent.

Code de conduite

Les Normes de leadership pour l'application du Code (Code Leadership Standards) de Nike décrivent comment les usines de nos fournisseurs doivent mettre en œuvre le Code de conduite. Ce document aborde également plus en détail la façon dont nous mesurons les efforts et les progrès des usines en matière de conformité.

Normes de leadership pour l'application du Code

En 2005, nous avons été la première entreprise de notre secteur à révéler publiquement notre base d'usines, dans un souci de transparence et de collaboration. La carte des sites de production de Nike est un outil conçu pour obtenir plus d'informations sur les usines indépendantes sous contrat qui fabriquent des produits Nike, Jordan et Converse : le nom et la localisation de chaque usine, les types de produits fabriqués, les usines qui fournissent nos produits universitaires, des statistiques démographiques sur les employés de chaque usine, etc. Cette carte interactive est mise à jour tous les trimestres pour refléter les modifications de notre base source.

Cette ressource fournit des renseignements approfondis sur les usines du monde entier avec lesquelles Nike a signé un contrat. Pour chaque usine, on peut découvrir les types de produits fabriqués (universitaires, etc.), les statistiques démographiques sur les employés, ainsi que l'adresse et les coordonnées.

Carte des sites de fabrication

Nike a codirigé l'élaboration des directives ZDHC (Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals) sur les eaux usées. Ce projet, mené collectivement avec toutes les marques membres de la fondation ZDHC, vise à travailler continuellement à l'amélioration des rejets d'eaux usées. Grâce à cette action collective, un test unique conforme aux directives ZDHC pour les eaux usées s'applique à toutes les marques membres de la fondation.

Le Code de conduite NIKE jette les bases de notre stratégie en matière de produits chimiques. Cette politique exige de tous nos fournisseurs qu'ils gèrent correctement les produits chimiques et qu'ils créent des approches permettant de respecter les exigences de la liste des substances à usage restreint (Restricted Substances List, RSL) et de la liste ZDHC des substances à usage restreint pour la fabrication (Manufacturing Restricted Substances List, MRSL). Nous continuons à soutenir et à impulser le développement de directives, d'outils et de programmes de formations transparents au sein de notre industrie en travaillant dans des groupes tels que le groupe AFIRM (Apparel and Footwear International RSL Management) et la fondation ZDHC. Ensemble, ces programmes continuent de nous faire progresser vers notre objectif de zéro rejet de produits chimiques dangereux.

Liste des substances à usage restreint pour la fabrication

Le programme de convergence sociale et du travail (Social and Labor Convergence Program) est une initiative pionnière qui vise à mettre au point une méthode simple, unifiée et généralisée à toute l'industrie pour évaluer les conditions de travail, de santé et de sécurité dans les usines. Ce programme a pour objectif de remplacer les outils d'audit actuels utilisés individuellement par chaque entreprise. Une telle méthode permettrait de réduire le nombre d'audits et les coûts qui y sont associés, ainsi que d'améliorer l'efficacité de l'industrie. Elle permettrait également aux organisations participantes d'investir les ressources précédemment allouées aux audits de conformité dans l'amélioration des conditions sociales et de travail. Elle serait également un pas de plus vers une approche plus collaborative pour appréhender les risques et les opportunités inhérents à notre industrie.

Programme de convergence sociale et du travail

Tous les nouveaux sous-traitants potentiels de produits finis de niveau 1 sont soumis au processus de validation des nouvelles sources. Celui-ci évalue les risques que pose le développement d'une relation avec un nouveau sous-traitant dans le pays concerné. Les sous-traitants doivent recevoir une note globale Bronze, notre niveau de base acceptable, avant d'entrer en pleine production.

Introduit en 2012, l'Indice de fabrication Nike note les différentes usines sur quatre catégories de valeur égale : les performances en matière de durabilité (y compris les pratiques de travail) et trois indicateurs de production traditionnels (coûts, qualité et livraison ponctuelle). Notre évaluation de la durabilité, qui s'appuie sur notre Indice d'approvisionnement et de fabrication durables, vise à faire en sorte que toutes nos usines reçoivent une note Bronze (notre exigence minimale) ou supérieure.

En 2012, nous avons lancé notre Indice d'approvisionnement et de fabrication durables (Sustainable Manufacturing and Sourcing Index, SMSI), un système visant à combiner les notes des usines pour le Lean Manufacturing et la gestion des ressources humaines, ainsi que pour la santé, la sécurité et l'environnement. Ce système accorde autant d'importance aux performances environnementales et à la gestion des ressources humaines qu'aux indicateurs commerciaux de notre approvisionnement. Il améliore par ailleurs la transparence pour réduire les pratiques non conformes et crée des objectifs et des avantages pour encourager nos fournisseurs à aller au-delà des exigences minimales.

Nike prend très au sérieux les cas de non-conformité. Si nous recevons une alerte de non-conformité à notre Code de conduite ou à nos Normes de leadership pour l'application du Code dans l'une de nos usines sous contrat, nous lançons une enquête. Si des améliorations sont nécessaires, nous adoptons une approche collaborative pour travailler avec la direction de l'usine et veiller à ce que les problèmes soient réglés via l'application de mesures correctives. Si un fournisseur ne remédie pas aux problèmes identifiés par l'audit ou l'enquête sur les allégations menée conformément aux exigences de Nike, il est soumis à une révision et à des sanctions, notamment la résiliation potentielle du contrat d'approvisionnement.

Dans l'éventualité où la relation avec un fournisseur existant est rompue, à cause de performances insuffisantes en matière de durabilité ou pour d'autres raisons, le processus de sortie responsable de Nike est déclenché. Celui-ci comprend une évaluation des risques associés à la résiliation à venir pour Nike, les employés, la communauté locale et l'environnement.

Nous prenons ce processus très au sérieux. Il implique une réduction des commandes de production sur une période déterminée afin de perturber le moins possible l'entreprise et ses employés. Dans les situations risquées, des groupes de travail composés de diverses parties prenantes sont formés dans le but d'élaborer et de suivre un plan de sortie conçu pour gérer les risques associés à la résiliation.

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North Ossetia – Birthplace of Mystical Alania

Snow-capped mountains, deep gorges, popular shrines of traditional Ossetian religion, ancient watch tower, Dargvas, the city of dead and the most pleasant capital Vladikavkaz. Yes, rattling off all of North Ossetia’s wonders leaves you breathless, like the natural beauty of this Russian Republic. The place breathes history . Starting with the Alans, ancient warriors of the Caucasus region to World War II, when the Germany attempt to grab the oilfields of the Caucasus region was stopped right there.

Ossetian countryside with an ancient watchtower, so typical for the Caucasus region

Vladikavkaz- Ruler of the Caucasus North Ossetia

It took me a while to pronounce the name of North Ossetia’s lovely capital Vladikavkaz  without difficulty. Only when a local explained its meaning „Ruler of the Caucasus “ , it rolled from my lips like honey . Founded in 1784 as a Russian fortress, it control led the only road linking Russia and Georgia at that time . I am not ashamed to admit that I had not heard of this town before I decided to do this trip. This city is only a two hours flight from Moscow and served as my jumping board for all onward travel.

Approaching Vladikavkaz by plane

The Saint Petersburg of the Cauacus

Vladikavkaz rightly prides itself of this title. T he streets of the Old City are lined with late grand 19th and early 20th century houses built for Russian army officers and merchants. I spent the hot parts of the days in Kosta Khetagurov Park

and strolled the banks of   River Terek in the evening , I visited picturesque churches and the most beautiful Mukhtarov Mosque .

Mukhtarov Mosque on the Banks of the River Terek

It sits right on the river and I first thought it was a church, since I had never before seen a mosque made of brick stones. I was invited inside by the caretaker , only when I saw the carpet after entering, I realized where I was . Arriving so totally unprepared without a headscarf and short sleeves irritated some men and I spent less time there than I would have liked.

Prospekt Mira (Peace Avenue) with ist 19th century houses

When I got tired of walking Vladikavkaz I hoped on a tram and enjoyed the quiet pace of provincial life from this perspective. Another highlight was watching families in the amusement park overlooking the river . Nobody seemed to be in a hurry. I watched life go by sitting on a tree-covered bench on car-free Prospekt Mira (Avenue of Peace), visited museums or hang out in cafes. Night life was not always, but sometimes is was great. Unforgettable a bar packed with young people, a small band was playing and a local celebrity grabbed the mike. A group of young ladies took me under their wings, and I left with cherished memories.

Vladikavkaz’s nightlife, great music and lovely people

The other must visit is a Retro USSR bar which has been operating for 100 years . People squash into small cubicles holding large mugs of beer that have to be picked up at the counter. Our little group was such a novelty that the regulars keep buying us so many drinks that we could not possible down them all.

Retro USSR bar, locals bought us so much beer we had to pass it on  

Hotel Vladikavkaz- great for people watching

The best place to view the snow-covered mountain peaks surrounding Vladikavkaz was from the Old Bridge or my room at Hotel Vladikavkaz , which was also overlooking Terek R iver and the amusement park . My most exciting moments on my balcony were the arrivals of weeding parties , which was quite a commotion.

Wedding Party arriving a Hotel Vladikavkaz

The convoy of expensive cars could be heard long before they pulled into the parking lots. The honking was deafening once they arrived, young beautiful women and middle aged men were then ushered into the hotel by friends and family clapping and singing. Once I sneaked into one of the posh parties, the noise of the music was earsplitting, and I was not sure if it was that much fun for most of the guests.

The location of the hotel is awesome and its veranda a place to linger forever (great WIFI) and do some serious people watching.

View from my hotel window, amusement park near River Terek

Caucasus wrestlers

Wrestling has a long tradition in the Caucasian Republics of Ossetia, Chechnya and Dagestan. Each has its own statistics that make it the number 1! By pure accident I learned that Vladikavkaz has a famous state-of-the-art wrestling academy. Nothing would have stopped me from visiting. I enjoyed an English-speaking tour through the premises, gyms, top equipment, sauna, pool. The academy hosts teams from all over the world also the USA, the fee is € 50 a day and kids a young as 9 years old start their training here. 

Wrestling Academy Vladikavkaz

Unfortunately, there was no training session while I visited, only a kind of rugby baske t ball match . Life in the region comes to a stand-still, when two champions fight each other in a tournament, especially if it one of them is American.

Wrestling Academy in Vladikavkaz

Vladikavkaz and the Caucasus in World War II  

On the outskirts of Vladikavkaz a memorial reminds of the Russian soldiers fallen in the battle of Vladikavkaz. Right beside the memorial is a huge mass grave, it was exactly here where the Germany army was stopped in the Caucaus . Hitler’s focus was on the rich oilfields of the Caucasus, which ironically supplied the German tanks and plane with fuel between 1939 and 1941. Before Hitler’s invasion of the USSR, Germany received 910.000 tons of oil from Stalin’s USSR, which made the quick advance of the German army and the use of its plane possible.

Words War II Memorial near Vladikavkaz, the front line was right there, this is how far the Germany army advanced

World War II Memorial near Vladikavkaz

Dargavs – The City of the Dead

A grassy hill dotted with little white huts was my first view of Dargavs. The two-hour drive from Vladikavkaz (US30 for the taxi) took me through stunning scenery, snow—capped mountains, greens meadows. Of course, I had prepared myself for this excursion, but I was still overwhelmed by this necropolis. A total of 95 stone crypts rise up the hillside in a very organized manner.  At the back of the complex is a watch tower whose top part has been destroyed. It is said that the tower was placed there to watch over the resting souls.

City of Dead, Dargavs 35 little crypts perched on a h ill

The tombs themselves are shaped like huts with curved roofs going inwards in steps and pointed peaks at the top, typical of Nakh architecture. If there is no pointed peak that means the family had no more surviving sun. The crypts tell even more about a family, the higher they were, the higher was their social status. The really big ones held up to 100 corpses.

City of Dead- Dargavs

The bodies were put in what looked little small canoes and shoved into the tiny opening. In some of the crypts you could peak through tiny openings and see the bones, some even wrapped in fabrics. I was told that until not too long ago the corpses wore rings and necklaces. Unbelievable, but recently visitors lost the respect for the dead and stole these precious bits, so the remaining jewelry was taken to a nearby museum. Actually, the site was closed down two months before my arrival, since visitors took photos of themselves with skulls. Only recently had it reopened.

Body were shoved into the structure in small wooden canoe-like coffins

The drive back to Vladikavkaz was equally spectacular, first through a small gorge following a river and then up an unpaved road with stunning vista of snowcapped mountains.

Ossetia’s countryside

Here in Dargavs I learned there were different types towers: Signal towers were high up in mountain and narrow. Towers served also as fortresses when under attack, they were wider and had up to three floors, since people found shelter there. Also amazing the time span they were being built, starting in the 5th century BC till 18th Century

Modern Monaster ies, Medieval R ock- F ortress and Pagan Saints

Not too far from Vladikavkaz is Fiagdon Monastery, an all-male monastery, which was only completed 2002. The monks collect herbs for making tea and produce cheese and honey. It looks way to modern but since I passed by I stopped to take a look.

our little gang that went to South and North Ossetia together

Much more interesting was the Medieval rock-fortress in the village of Dzivgis , which I would not have recognized as such, since it blends perfectly into the high cliff it was built in. In case of an attack the population of the whole gorge could find protection there.

Medival fortress

The Uastyrdzhi monument  catches the unknow traveler by surprise. In Ossetian folklore Uastyrdzhi   is the name of Saint George. He is the patron of the male sex and travellers. It is forbidden for women to pronounce his name, instead they must call him  “the saint of men”. When following the Ossetian Military Road along the River Ardon, it suddenly pops out of the rock. The horse’s hoof is 120 cm, and the palm of George can fit a man. But that is not all. Another place where he is worshipped looks like a church, especially since two small bells hung from a pole right next to it. The story goes that the people kept the bell but also their ancient belief. Since the end of the USSR the cult of Uastyrdzhi has enjoyed renewed popularity.

Uastyrdzhi Memorial = the name of Saint George.

Every year in fall lots of people gather for a big festival to celebrate Uastyrdzhi. The worshipping involved toasts made by an elderly from a wooden mug, who is assisted by two young men. Inside the small museum was a big painting of the very man with a long white beard riding a white horse, the mug and a chain hanging from the ceiling, so typcial for Ossetia.

Inside little museum where Uastyrdzhi is being worshipped

Three Days of September 2004 – The Siege of Beslan School Nr 1

Beslan is a small quiet town in the Russian Republic of North Ossetia in the Caucasus . Its streets are lined with brick-stone houses shaded by chestnut-trees, well-tended flower gardens adorn the front and vegetable gardens the back. Beslan could serve as a cliché-like model for a pastoral painting, if there had not been those 3 days in September 2004. On September 1st, t he gym of Beslan ’ s School Nr 1 became the epicenter of the hostage taking that resulted in the death of 335 mostly women and children three days later .

The former gym of Beslan School Nr 1, now a memorial to remind the 335 victims that were kept there for three days with water and food

In Beslan neighbors, family and friends sit outside their houses, chat and a random car or person go by. Children play in the street and a stranger like me walking by causes attention. When I took photos of the flower gardens, some locals were so touched, they took me inside to show me the gardens behind, I was offered food, teach and sweets. 

Beslan: beautiful flower gardens in front of the houses

Local family invited me for lunch and showed off their garden

I stayed with a family who fed me during my three day stay since I could not detect any eatery. The woman had learned some basic English and with google translator we managed to communicate.

Natascha cooking in the super hot little kitchen

Tiny tables, require creativity, stool goes sideways

On September 1 st , 2004, n eatly dressed children with balloons and flowers arrived for the traditional first day-of-school ceremony accompanied by parents and relative s . This moment of joy and happiness suddenly turned into a unparallel ed drama that lasted for three day:  more than 1100 children, parents and teachers were taken hostage by a terrorist group demanding independence for Chechnya.

Water bottled remind of the relentless thirst the children and adults suffered from

Forced into the gym where temperatures reached 40 degrees, the hostages were denied water and food, while the over 30 terrorists planted bombs all over the building. On the third day in an abysmal chaos of explosions, fire and gunshots 335 people were killed. In the video „The Children of Beslan“ children who survived remember those three days, the best documentary in my eyes. Unfiltered, the children talk about what seems unspeakable.

The former gym of Beslan school Nr 1.

In the few sequences of the video that show the end of the siege, even the most uninformed viewer immediately realizes the absolute chaos that dominated the event. To this day, countless questions of the parents have remained unanswered.

Photos of the victims on the wall of the Former gym, most of them children, give the horrid numbers a face

The victims were buried in a new cemetery a bit outside of Beslan, all the tomb stone are made of the same stone, symbolizing the same tragic fate. I passed one grave with five tomb stones, all members of the same family. It is impossible to comprehend the grief and pain that still haunts Beslan.

Another tragic story of is the one of Vitaly Kaloyev , an architect and native of Vladikavkaz. He lost lost his wife and two small children when  two planes collided mid-air over Germany on June 1, 2002. Kaloyev held Peter Nielsen, the sole air traffic controller in Switzerland who was handling traffic the night of the collision, responsible. In 2004, Kaloyev travelled to the Swiss  town of Knoten where he killed Nielsen, who had since retired from air traffic work.

Later, after his release from prison, Kaloyev was appointed deputy minister of construction of North Ossetia-Alania . In 2016, upon retirement from the local Ossetian government, Kaloyev was awarded the highest regional medal by that government, the medal “To the Glory of Ossetia”. The medal is awarded for the highest achievements, improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the region, for educating the younger generation and maintaining law and order.

Vital Kaloyev touching the grave of his wife and two children

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Beslan , Dargavs , Fiagdon Monastery , Mukhtarov Mosque; Vladikavkaz , Uastyrdzhi , Vladikavkaz , Wrestling Academy

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