old age homes thesis

Rethinking architecture of Old age homes

An old age home is a place intended for the elderly where they can live when there is a problem to stay on their own or their children or sometimes destitute. Most of the time senior citizens cannot be alone as they will become dependent and require care and attention for their wellbeing. Old age is an inevitable part of human life and the required care and affection from family may not be given all the time. 

In a lot of cases, aged people who require another person to provide care are often sent to old-age homes. An old age home is a multi-facility centre with housing facilities for senior citizens. It is designed to create a home for the elderly but more often than not due to lack of funds or irrelevant design old age homes become more like a healthcare facility with poor infrastructure. 

Here are some points you need to consider while designing old age homes:

1. User-Friendly Design | Old Age Homes

For people who have lived independently or with families all their lives, living in an old age home could be challenging. Adapting to rules and new people will take time. To make this process smooth and convenient the atmosphere and ambiance of the place play a major role. The design of the old age home should concentrate on comfort and a user-friendly experience. There are several thumb rules and standards followed while designing a space for senior citizens. 

Some common problems with some of the existing old-age home designs are narrow entrances and staircases, which make accessibility with wheelchairs difficult. When stairs are narrow and steep and bathrooms aren’t easily accessible or inconveniently located. Often these possible design oversights do not consider the needs of older people or for people with disabilities. 

2. Landscape Design

A place with a landscape often tends to relax and calm one’s mind. A stroll through a garden or a park is one of the most common activities old people do. This also helps them to keep them active and fit. Slow exercises also help increase the well-being of their physical and mental health and doing them along with fellow residents would add fun to the activities. 

Most of the time senior citizens feel like they are cooped up in their houses. So, introducing landscape design in the old age home architecture would be a key factor that will be a tremendous change in the environment for the elderly. Being close to nature is proven to have a healing effect on people. Adding natural landscape elements will boost their mood and provide rejuvenating energy. 

3. Entertainment and Recreation Space

During old age, people feel like they have a lot of time in their hands. Passing time seems to be a very general issue amongst senior citizens. Boredom leads to lethargy and their presence of mind is seldom lost. Having hobbies is one way of spending time. Making time for lost hobbies like reading books, watching movies or knitting will add to their daily activities. 

For entertainment and recreation, games are played where the senior citizens interact and have fun and relax. Having a common activity for every week is a strategy adopted in old age homes for recreation purposes. When this is considered in the design, the main requirement for this cause to be able to function would be a large gathering space accessible easily from their homes. Multifunctional closed or semi- open spaces must be designed to cater to the needs of the people. 

A few common old age problems are weakness in limbs, vision, and memory loss. Whatever the issue, physical or mental old people tend to become vulnerable and susceptible to danger. Without supervision, they tend to get lost easily. Due to irresponsible design and infrastructure , they often tend to trip or slip which could be a minor issue for young people but could be more dangerous for old people who take longer to recover. 

So, designing spaces with a clear viewing range so that it becomes easy to spot people from across the room or halls. Blind spots and negative spaces must be avoided to reduce confusion. Clear signage must be provided at common spots like gardens and gathering areas in case the senior citizens get lost. Levels and steps are not recommended as a design rule as old people often have weak limbs and it becomes hard to climb up.  

5. Health | Old Age Homes

During old age, it becomes uncertain as to when and what kind of health issue may arise. Medical support becomes essential for the elderly. Sudden and severe health issues require immediate care and treatment. If not a hospital at least the old age home must be equipped with basic treatment facilities and equipment. 

Easy access and sufficient beds must be provided for care. Equipment and medicine must be available to be transferred to the house of the patient in case of emergencies. Wide lobbies, interconnected blocks, and ease of movement through transition spaces become crucial for the design of healthcare facilities in old age homes. 

6. Good lighting 

Good lighting is another essential design feature that has to be introduced in old age homes. An ample amount of light must be provided and the places must be well lit to have free movement and good vision. Lights are often provided in nooks and corners like table tops, cabinets , above switches, etc. 

The lighting provided must be warm colours and nothing jarring to the eyes. Lighting fixtures in lawns are also important during the evening. All the spaces must be well-lit with no shadow areas and glare must be avoided.

7. Personal space | Old Age Homes

Despite living along with several other senior citizens who are strangers and sharing space with them, they must be provided personal space. It is essential for them to feel that the old age home can be their home where they are free to do what they want. 

For this, as a design solution , they can be provided with personal rooms where they can carry out various activities individually and not as a group. A design must aim to reach the people on a subjective level so that they can relate to each space differently and feel as if it’s their own. 

Designing old age homes is a great challenge as the mind-set of the users is not fixed and often requires a fresh perspective. An old age home design must achieve to create a place to instill hope and energy and not just as a shelter for old people who are often abandoned by their families. 

The natural dynamic of the public design must be tweaked to be adjusted to the requirements of the old age home design. Simplicity and dignity in spaces for the design must be followed in an attempt to create a place for the senior citizens to have a better and healthier lifestyle. 

A Plus Topper. (2021). Old Age Home Essay | Essay on Old Age Home for Students and Children in English . [online] Available at: https://www.aplustopper.com/old-age-home-essay/#:~:text=An%20old%20age%20home%20is%20a%20shelter%20that%20is%20home 

Dengarden. (n.d.). Elderly Care House Design for Our Old Age – Elderly Care Home . [online] Available at: https://dengarden.com/safety/Home-Design-Ideas-for-Our-Old-Age.

ArchDaily. (2018). How To Design for Senior Citizens . [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/900713/how-to-design-for-senior-citizens.

JK, B. (2010). Guide to Designing Old Age Homes . [online] Architecture Student Chronicles. Available at: http://www.architecture-student.com/design-guide/guide-to-designing-old-age-homes/.

Spandana is an architecture student with a curious mind, who loves to learn new things. An explorer trying to capture the tangible and intangible essence of architecture through research and writing. She believes that there is a new addition to the subject everyday and there is more to it than what meets the eye.

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Guide to Designing Old Age Homes

Design procedure for the old age homes.

But before we start with discussing our design consideration factors, it is very important to know what an Old Age Home is like and what is its purpose of construction…

One important thing to be kept in mind before initiating the design process is that, we should study the purpose of the construction and what they are like.

This will give us a clear idea of what we are actually suppose to consider in the design…

Apart from literature case studies, Live case studies are also very important…

In my previous articles, we have discussed eleven factors to be considered for a successful case study …

Old Age Homes

Old age homes are meant for senior citizens who suffer with a problem in staying with their children at home or are destitute. These homes are for older people who have nowhere to go and no one to depend on… These homes create a friendly and family like atmosphere for the elderly people where they can share their joys and sorrows and live happily. Old Age Homes are pretty developed in United States, United Kingdom and there is recent development seen in the construction of Old Age Homes in India.

These old age homes have special medical facilities for senior citizens such as mobile health care systems, ambulances, nurses and provision of well-balanced meals. So basically, it is a housing project for senior citizens of that country.

Old Age Homes have two main categories:

• Homes providing free Accomodation
• Homes working on a payment basis

Apart from food, shelter and medical amenities, old age homes also provide yoga classes to senior citizens. Old age homes also provide access to telephones and other forms of communication so that residents may keep in touch with their loved ones. Some old age homes have day care centres. These centres only take care of senior citizens during the day.

Location of Old Age Homes

• Studying the location of the structure is the most important factor. This will help us determine the climatic conditions of the place. Orientation of a building with respect to climatic conditions of the place.
• Location of an Old Age Home is of prime importance.
• It could be a part of the urban setting or it could be in a rural area. It depends on the kind of people that are going to stay in it.
• Some people prefer idyllic areas while some would like to live in close proximity to the quick facilities of the city.
• An Old Age Home should be preferably located in a calm, pollution free environment with all the basic necessities that are required for any comfortable housing project.

Design Concept for Old Age Homes

• Design of Old Age Homes depends on the social and economic status of the people who are going to reside in the homes.
• They could be the dormitary type, independent rooms or cottages…
• The rooms should be well-ventilated.
• Designing a ground Floor in an Old Age Home is of utmost importance. Possibly all the basic facilities in the home should be provided on the ground floor. If this is not possible and if upper floors have to be built then a sloping ramp has to be provided for facilitating easy passage of wheel chair and make movement of people with crutches easier.
• The toilets and bathrooms should have rough flooring so that the elders do not slip. Suitable railings should be provided for support.
• Recreation rooms and rooms for medical care should be built.

Working Staff in the Old Age Homes

• An administrator is must for the homes of the aged who will be responsible for the running of the home.
• Supporting staff such as clerks, cashier cum accountant, nursing staff, attenders, maids and a cook are the basic required staff for the efficient running of a old age home.

• A medical officer will be needed to attend to the health needs of the inmates. If the home is very close to a hospital where emergencies can be treated then, it may be enough to avail the services of a Doctor, who works there part-time.
• A nutritionist can play an important role by providing special attention to the nutritional requirements of the residents. At least a part-time nutritionist should be appointed.
• A professionally qualified social worker is an essential member of the team of personnel.
• Wherever possible nursing staff and health care workers trained in Geriatric care should be appointed.
• There is a need for helpers in the Old Age Homes who will take care of the Old people and help them move around…
• After figuring out the staff requirements for the Old Age Homes, we can determine the amount of space required for their offices and construction of quarters where they can stay while on job.

Medical Care Facilities in Old Age Homes

There should be a sterile store room where all medicines and medical accessories that may be needed for treatment of the residents are to stored as per the advice of a general physician.

• There are certain instruments that are necessary for the medical treatment such as Oxygen cylinders, suction apparatus and intra-venous sets should be readily available. Drugs should be replaced periodically, considering their expiry date.
• Transport facilities such as ambulances or any other vehicle that is similarly equipped as an ambulance should be available in case there is a need to rush them to the hospital for intensive care.

Recreational Facilities in an Old Age Home

• Provision of recreational facilities is must. Old people also need entertainment so that their mind does not remain idle. This will help their life become lively and happy and keep them away from any kind of depressing thoughts.
• Facilities such as small reading area, televisions, video players, newspapers and books should be provided.

• Not all old people like sedentary lifestyle…Depending on the extent of the physical activity of the residents other facilities for active sports such as: tennis, table tennis, squash can be provided.
• A small computer room could be provided for accessing the internet which is a must in today’s world. That will keep the residents mentally active and aware of the world outside…

From our discussion we can conclude some of the most important and basic Requirements in an Old Age Home

• Common Rooms
• Single and Double Bedrooms
• Pantry in every Bedroom
• Main Kitchen
• Dining Area
• Television Area
• Reading room
• Praying room
• Computer room
• Offices for the staff
• Common Toilets
• Sports Facilities for Tennis, Badminton etc.
• A Landscaped Garden with a jogging track

A lot of emphasis is being given on the design of Old age homes in the west especially in the UK. The importance of old age homes design has increased with the increase in the number of homes across the world.

35 thoughts on “Guide to Designing Old Age Homes”

Hello, It’s been nice to see regarding Old age homes, could you help any aspect related to Retirement Resorts- free independent houses for retired people

How much area is required to establish old age home? What may be the plinth area of construction? How far it shall be from the city?

what is the total area reqd if one wishes to have old age home for about 100 people

Hello, A minimum area of 2000 sqm would be required in order to accommodate 100 people in an Old Age Home.

Gud..I Appreciate It.. cos Is Our Semester Project.. I Have Learn So Many Things..

Durvankur Starting constriction Old age Home In Thane Maharashtra with Donors support ple Help our 7 guide Ngo.

Hi, Can you/anyone tell us that where can we approach for funds for establishing an Old age Home in our city i.e Haldwani (Uttrakhand). We are working for old aged people since last four years. 63 old aged people have registered them with us. We are providing them day care facilitiestill date. One can go to FACEBOOK/HarishDhondiyal(Photos) to see some of our works done. Photographs are self speaking. We have Pan card, 12A certificate and 80G certificate of Income tax department with us with three years Audit reports and Annual reports. We have 4000 sq ft of land in the heart of the city with map/plan already prepared for it(OAH). But due to paucity of funds we are unable to do so till now. We approached to many but failed in sanctioning the amount. If anybody can help or guide, pls write a line to Secretary- Hem Memorial Society on [email protected] Will ever remain thankful and grateful for the same.We want to establish an Old Age Home for 25 people in first phase.

need some guidelines for setting up old age homes in India. I am looking to setting up in Chennai.

please i want to have a guide on how to design a hospital in your locality. i hope i will have some response

We wish to estabilish an old age home in our own building fo around 25 to 30 people. What are the govt. formalities required for it as we are doing it for the first time. We are not a registered trust or society but we want to help the old age people by donating our building and primary donation fund of around Rs. 5 to 10 lakhs. Please help.

Want to establish a mega old home project at Darjeeling Plain, international standard for multicultured people for joy happiness and liberate. Need your consultancy and advice. I am a Civil and Structural Engineer, M.I.E, F.I.V, AMASCE (USA)

Hi, I have a land of area 10000 sq.ft. I want to build an old age home in this plot- may be for around 50 people. Is it enough?

I have a donated land in west bengal to my trust. I want to get an oldage home. plz get me a full proof design to build it.

Can you plz suggest me some good old age and orphanage home in india for my thesis case study…

Does old age homes come in institutional building category??????

Yes. They could possibly fall under institutional building category.

hi, i want to know if there are any upcoming old age homes in Karnataka.

i wanted a live site for my thesis project..

Hello Shreegouri,

You will have to work on it yourself. I would advise you to get landuse maps of your city and study the scope of your proposal in different areas. Only after you can justify why your proposed building will serve the area in a positive way that you claim it will, your site selection process will be complete.

And also we are open to discussions. You can discuss how things come along with your thesis project. We look forward to hearing from you.

helo , i want to know suitable old age homes required for case study for my thysis project . site area of my project os 2.91 acres and also help me in suggesting the number of people which would be fine for my site area.

The idea of old peoples’ homes in Ghana has not catch up with us in Africa in general and Ghana in particular. This is basically because of our cultural setting where families take care of the elderly at home. Things are changing very fast now because of urbanization where the younger generation leaves the elderly at home to ‘fend’ for themselves. Moreover there are several elder generation who had live outside in Europe and America and would like to settle at home. There is therefore the potential for the development of these kind of homes in Ghana. Our organization has acquired large tract of land at water front which can be developed and are hereby seeking for financial support in this endeavor.

I wish you all the best with this endeavour.

SIR I WISH TO OPEN OLD AGE HOME IN OUR CITY .PRIME LOCATION IS THERE. WE HAVE AREA OF 3 ACRE NEAR RIVER AND MARKET ROAD.WE HAVE ALL STAFF FOR REQUIRED IN OLD AGE HOME. WE WISH TO PROVIDE FREE SERVICE AND FREE FOOD.NEEDY PEOPLE GET EXTRA BENEFIT

Dear Amrita,

I am happy to know of your well thought initiative to construct an Old Age Home. That is for a very noble cause. Let me know how I can help you.

Respected Sir, I want to open old age home in Maharashtra (India) So which things are required to open the old age home. How much investment needed in concern home

We wish to open a old age home in our village near Thanjavur District, Tamil nadu. Please send guidelines for the building design. Sairam. Moorthy

hello sir. I am an architecture student. I have taken my final year project as orphanage cum old age home. please can you tell me where is your site how big is it ?

I’m also architecture student and even my topic is same for thesis so i want to know that did u got any info abt it n where did u do ur case study? plz share some info and ur experience about ur case study and other aspects.

P. Gurumoorthy : Dear Sir. Sairam. We wish to open a old age home in our village near Thanjavur District, Tamil nadu. Please send guidelines for the building design. Sairam. Moorthy

i am going to start a old age home near malavalli, karnataka,if somebody is interested in joinining hands with me, they are welcome,some enterprenaur with ideas matching,

Dear Venkat Ram

I run a paid architectural design service. Let me know if you would like to get it designed by us… I shall send you all the details of our establishment. This initiative is for a good cause and I would be delighted to be a part of it.

sir, I want to start senior citizen/old age home near Dehradun for about hundred couples initially. How much expenditure should we expect. Also the ideal building design for the same.

Hello Ajai,

I would say keep 4 to 5 crores aside for the works…

In Bangladesh this is just start, as a social instability high demand in the old age level. I would like to request, if sent me the building design and others for 100 person and other facilities, will be highly appreciate for me. with regards

We would like to establish OLD AGE HOME. We want to prepare a PROJRCT REOPRT. Can you guide us?

I am going to start a old age home. so what are all requirement to open, how much investment needed and guidelines for building design.

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ORPHANAGE OLD AGE HOME(thesis)

Childhood is a tender and delicate stage in the life span of a human being. At this stage people require a great deal of care, love and nurture in order to have a robust set of values and morals. The required care, love and nurture are generally imparted to us by our families. But there are many children not fortunate enough like we are, yes I am talking about orphans and not having a family doesn't make them any less of a human. They too have a right to have a comfortable shelter just like us. Now I will talk about a similar case with slightly different parameters. Many of us because of our egocentric, egotistical and selfish nature tend to forsake our own parents who took care and nurtured us. Many of us end up abandoning our parents at old age homes. Now if we consider both the above cases we could infer that they both lack a mutual feeling and that is deep affection, warmth, attachment and love. Orphans always deficient of parental or elderly love and abandoned parents always deficient of the love obtained from children. The idea behind this topic is to create:  An interactive platform for old age homes and orphanages : Even if we combine an old age home with an orphanage we need to have a planned space or platform where they both can interact. We can't always put both the generations together as they have different priorities.  Careful planning of spaces: It might happen that some of the elder people may have some contagious diseases. Hence they have to be isolated from the children. Therefore careful planning is required so that spaces are segregated but are not isolated.  Differently abled: It may happen that some of the elder people are differently able and hence need to be catered. And not just elder people also the children could be differently abled. So the building should be responsive to such kind of people.  Low cost scheme: Mostly such buildings are funded by NGOs and hence need to be as cost effective as possible. So techniques of low cost housing will be applied essentially.

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