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34 Best Medical schools in Moscow, Russia

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1. Moscow State University

For Medicine

2. Moscow Medical Academy

3. Russian National Research Medical University

4. RUDN University

5. National Research University Higher School of Economics

6. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

7. National Research Nuclear University MEPI

8. Bauman Moscow State Technical University

9. N.R.U. Moscow Power Engineering Institute

10. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

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12. National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"

13. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia

14. Finance Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation

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Raman Spectroscopy and Its Modifications Applied to Biological and Medical Research

Affiliations.

• 1 Russian National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St., 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia.
• 2 Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
• 3 K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
• 4 Geology and Oil-gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Satpaeva, 22, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan.
• 5 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan.
• 6 Department of Physical Materials Science, Technological University "MISiS", Leninskiy Prospekt 4, Office 626, 119049 Moscow, Russia.
• 7 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
• 8 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
• 9 Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia.
• PMID: 35159196
• PMCID: PMC8834270
• DOI: 10.3390/cells11030386

Nowadays, there is an interest in biomedical and nanobiotechnological studies, such as studies on carotenoids as antioxidants and studies on molecular markers for cardiovascular, endocrine, and oncological diseases. Moreover, interest in industrial production of microalgal biomass for biofuels and bioproducts has stimulated studies on microalgal physiology and mechanisms of synthesis and accumulation of valuable biomolecules in algal cells. Biomolecules such as neutral lipids and carotenoids are being actively explored by the biotechnology community. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has become an important tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level in medicine and biotechnology. This review provides a brief analysis of existing studies on the application of RS for investigation of biological, medical, analytical, photosynthetic, and algal research, particularly to understand how the technique can be used for lipids, carotenoids, and cellular research. First, the review article shows the main applications of the modified Raman spectroscopy in medicine and biotechnology. Research works in the field of medicine and biotechnology are analysed in terms of showing the common connections of some studies as caretenoids and lipids. Second, this article summarises some of the recent advances in Raman microspectroscopy applications in areas related to microalgal detection. Strategies based on Raman spectroscopy provide potential for biochemical-composition analysis and imaging of living microalgal cells, in situ and in vivo. Finally, current approaches used in the papers presented show the advantages, perspectives, and other essential specifics of the method applied to plants and other species/objects.

Keywords: Raman spectroscopy; Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy; carotenoids; lipid droplets; microalgae.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Application of RS in different…

Application of RS in different research.

Energy transition of Rayleigh and…

Energy transition of Rayleigh and Raman scattering.

“Family tree” of the RS.…

“Family tree” of the RS. The relatively simple RS is the root of…

Schematic view of biomedical RS…

Schematic view of biomedical RS application. Adapted from Desroches et al. [37].

A schematic of the experimental…

A schematic of the experimental set-up of a typical Raman spectrometer and schematic…

Raman spectra of various lipid…

Raman spectra of various lipid molecules of Botryococcus braunii [23].

The schematic view in lipid…

The schematic view in lipid characterisation of microalgae. Bioprospecting of C. reinhardtii is…

The Raman spectrum of carotenoid…

The Raman spectrum of carotenoid [132], chlorophyll [129], and triglyceride and the mean…

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• Jaeger D., Pilger C., Hachmeister H., Oberländer E., Wördenweber R., Wichmann J., Mussgnug J.H., Huser T., Kruse O. Label-Free in vivo Analysis of Intracellular Lipid Droplets in the Oleaginous Microalga Monoraphidium Neglectum by Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy. Sci. Rep. 2016;6:35340. doi: 10.1038/srep35340. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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• 22-44-08001/the grant from Russian Science Foundation
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• Not avaleble/the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Mos-cow University "Molecular Technologies of Living Systems and Synthetic Biology".
• 121033000136-4/the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation

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Some New Medical Manuscripts from Moscow

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Most medieval Hebrew manuscripts in late medieval Iberia, especially those containing non-religious texts, were copied by individuals for their personal use. Hebrew medical codices were thus very often both written and used by Jewish physicians. Considering these manuscripts as material objects opens a new window onto medical practice among the Jewish community. This article uses two case studies—one exploring a single manuscript (Vatican Biblioteca Apostolica ebr. 362) and the various medical texts it contains and the other following the transmission of a single medical text (Bernard de Gordon’s Lilium medicinae) through a number of different manuscripts—to inquire into what can be learned from the scribal practices of the Jewish doctors who wrote, owned and used these manuscripts.

Medical Manuscript Studies

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Most Black Americans Believe U.S. Institutions Were Designed To Hold Black People Back

6. black americans and mistrust of the u.s. health care system and medical research, table of contents.

• In their own words: Quotes from our 2023 focus groups of Black Americans
• Most Black adults say they experience racial discrimination
• Black adults feel angry or undermined in the face of discrimination 
• Black adults say they must work more than everyone else to get ahead 
• Black Americans believe the criminal justice system was designed to hold them back
• Black adults and mistrust about policing and prisons 
• Many Black Americans believe the U.S. political system was designed to hold them back
• Black Americans, Black political leaders and mistrust of the U.S. political system
• Black Americans believe the economic system was designed to hold them back
• Mistrust of big businesses
• About half of Black Americans believe U.S. news media was designed to hold them back 
• Most Black adults say they encounter inaccurate news about Black people
• Some Black Americans believe the health care system was designed to hold them back
• Mistrust about medical research
• Mistrust of family-related government policy  
• Mistrust of government reproductive health policy
• Acknowledgments
• The American Trends Panel survey methodology
• Focus group methodology

Editorial note to readers

A version of this study was originally published on June 10. We previously used the term “ racial conspiracy theories ” as an editorial shorthand to describe a complex and mixed set of findings. By using these words, our reporting distorted rather than clarified the point of the study. Changes to this version include: an updated headline, new “explainer” paragraphs, some additional context and direct quotes from focus group participants.

Claudia Deane, Mark Hugo Lopez and Neha Sahgal contributed to the revision of this report.

Although the Tuskegee Syphilis Study is one of the best-known examples of race-based medical malpractice, there are others.

Throughout the 20th century, many Black women were subject to eugenics laws that forcibly sterilized them . In 1951, Henrietta Lacks’ cervical cells were harvested and studied without her knowledge or consent.

Today, some Black women specifically seek out Black obstetricians to avoid racial discrimination in medical care and improve their health outcomes. This history of mistrust provides the context for Black Americans’ beliefs about the health care system and medical research.

A 2022 Pew Research Center report found mixed results in how Black adults assessed their experiences with health care . While nearly half (47%) said health outcomes for Black people have improved over the last 20 years, sizable minorities said they have stayed the same (31%) or gotten worse (20%).

And the majority of Black Americans (55%) said they have had negative experiences with doctors , including having to speak up to get proper care and feeling like the pain they were experiencing was not taken seriously.

In the current survey, 51% of Black Americans say the U.S. health care system was designed to hold Black people back a great deal or fair amount. Another 28% say it was designed to hold Black people back some, and 19% say not too much or not at all.

Black adults differ significantly on this question by gender. Indeed, Black women (58%) are more likely than Black men (44%) to say the health care system was designed to hold Black people back. But Black women under 50 (61%) are much more likely to say this than older Black women (54%) and all men regardless of age (44%). These patterns are like those in the 2022 study , which found that Black women (particularly those under 50) were significantly more likely than Black men to report negative experiences in health care. This includes not having their women’s health concerns taken seriously.

While many Black adults say the U.S. health care system was designed to hold Black people back (51%), 78% say they have heard the idea that medical researchers experiment on Black people without their knowledge or consent. Only 19% say they have not heard about this at all.

When it comes to medical research, 55% of Black Americans believe nonconsensual experiments are being conducted on Black people today. Fewer say this is a thing of the past (30%) or that it never happened (10%).

Like their general belief that the U.S. health care system was designed to hold Black people back, Black women (57%) are slightly more likely than Black men (52%) to believe medical experimentation on Black people without their knowledge or consent is something that is happening today.

Black adults with some college (58%) or a high school diploma (55%) are more likely than those with a bachelor’s degree or higher (49%) to say medical experimentation on Black people without their knowledge or consent happens today.

Likewise, Black adults with lower incomes (60%) are the most likely among the income groups to agree. Black adults who live in the Midwest (60%) are more likely than those in the Northeast (52%) to say medical experimentation against Black people happens today. About half of Black adults in the South (54%) and the West (53%) say the same. Black adults in urban areas (59%) are more likely than those in the suburbs (51%) to say these types of experiments happen today, while 57% of those in rural areas agree.

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Most Black Americans Believe Racial Conspiracy Theories About U.S. Institutions

An early look at black voters’ views on biden, trump and election 2024, a look at black-owned businesses in the u.s., 8 facts about black americans and the news, black americans’ views on success in the u.s., most popular, report materials.

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FDA Warns Consumers to Avoid Certain Male Enhancement and Weight Loss Products Sold Through Amazon, eBay and Other Retailers Due to Hidden, Potentially Dangerous Drug Ingredients

FDA News Release

Agency Urges Online Marketplaces, Other Websites and Retailers to Stop Selling These Male Enhancement and Weight Loss Products to American Consumers

The FDA continues to find potentially dangerous products available for purchase. On Dec. 8, 2021, the FDA warned consumers not to purchase or use nine potentially dangerous sexual enhancement products available for purchase from Walmart.com. The FDA will continue to alert the public when products and companies place consumers’ health at risk.

On July 26, 2021, the FDA issued an untitled letter to notify Amazon about its distribution of sexual enhancement and weight loss products in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The FDA continues to find potentially dangerous products available for purchase and urges stores, websites, and online marketplaces, including Amazon, to stop selling these potentially dangerous products. 

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is warning consumers not to use nearly 50 male enhancement or weight loss products that have been found to contain hidden ingredients and may pose a significant health risk. The FDA purchased these products on Amazon and eBay and agency testing found that the products contain active pharmaceutical ingredients not listed on their labels, including some with ingredients found in prescription drugs. These products may cause potentially serious side effects and may interact with medications or dietary supplements a consumer is taking. 

Despite FDA consumer warnings about similar products over the past decade, the agency continues to find potentially dangerous products available for purchase on the internet, including from online marketplaces like Amazon and eBay, as well as in retail stores. The agency urges consumers to beware of purchasing or taking these products.

“Protecting the health and safety of Americans is the FDA’s highest priority, and we will remain vigilant and communicate about products and companies that place U.S. consumers at risk,” said Donald D. Ashley, J.D., director of the Office of Compliance in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “While the FDA has engaged in discussions with online marketplaces like Amazon and eBay regarding these issues in the past, we believe they can do more to protect consumers from these fraudulent and potentially dangerous products. We continue to urge stores, websites and online marketplaces, like Amazon and eBay, to take appropriate steps to protect the American public by not selling or facilitating the sale of illegal FDA-regulated products.”

All 26 of the products the FDA purchased on Amazon and 20 of 25 products, or 80 percent, purchased on eBay contained undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients. The FDA’s laboratory testing found the products contained various undeclared active ingredients, including sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, sibutramine, desmethylsibutramine, phenolphthalein and/or fluoxetine. Many of these are active ingredients for use in FDA-approved prescription drugs, which are restricted to use under the supervision of a licensed health care professional.

Many of the products the agency purchased from Amazon and eBay have names that are the same as, or similar to, tainted products that have been the subject of previous FDA consumer warnings . Several of the Amazon products are designated as an “Amazon Choice” or “#1 Best Seller.” Products with undeclared drug ingredients violate federal law. In general, these products are unapproved new drugs and/or adulterated dietary supplements. In addition, they are misbranded because their labels do not accurately reflect their ingredients. 

The FDA’s tainted products database can help consumers identify nearly 1,000 of these potentially dangerous products. However, the agency is unable to test and identify all products that have potentially harmful hidden ingredients. Even if a product is not included in the list, consumers should be cautious about using certain products, especially those promoted for sexual enhancement, weight loss, bodybuilding, sleep aids or pain relief. Consumers should also be on alert for products that offer immediate or quick results and that sound too good to be true. The FDA is committed to protecting consumers by identifying and removing these potentially dangerous products from the market. 

Consumers using or considering using any over-the-counter product marketed for sexual enhancement, weight loss or bodybuilding, or any product marketed as a dietary supplement for pain relief, should talk to a health care professional first, as some ingredients may interact with medications or dietary supplements. Additionally, consumers should search for product information from sources other than sellers and ask a doctor for help distinguishing between reliable and questionable information. 

The FDA encourages consumers and health care professionals to report any adverse events to the agency’s MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program so the agency can take action to protect the public from any unsafe products. The FDA is also committed to protecting consumers from the risks of buying medicines online and helping them be more aware of how to buy online safely.

The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products. 

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Seattle-area official blames 'housing market' for homelessness

by JACKSON WALKER | The National Desk

SEATTLE (TND) — King County, Wash. Executive Dow Constantine on Tuesday said the housing market, not mental health or substance abuse, is to blame for homelessness in his state.

Constantine made the comment while delivering his State of the County Address. The executive cited research from the University of Washington which corroborated his point.

“One widely held belief is that behavioral health issues, like untreated mental health or substance use disorders, are root causes of the homelessness crisis that we’re seeing around us,” he said. “This is wrong. University of Washington researcher Gregg Colburn has shown the cause of the homelessness phenomenon is not individual challenges, but housing market failure.”

Colburn’s research is the subject of his 2022 book “Homelessness is a housing problem,” which claims factors such as poverty and mental illness cannot explain differences in homelessness in different U.S. cities. Constantine said this research points solely to housing prices being the key distinguishing factor in homelessness levels.

One factor distinguishing places of high homelessness from low homelessness is not the prevalence of addiction or untreated mental health problems or the availability of public assistance or the weather or even poverty,” Constantine said. “The one critical difference is whether there are enough housing units to match the number of people who need homes.”

READ MORE | San Fran program giving 'free alcohol' to homeless people under fire: 'Doesn't feel right'

Constantine’s office in April said it awarded $2 million in funding to local nonprofits to provide housing for homeless migrants. The statement came after more than 200 migrants from Africa and Venezuela set up a second tent encampment in a Seattle park.

Follow Jackson Walker on X at @_jlwalker_ for the latest trending national news. Have a news tip? Send it to [email protected].

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P. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute

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About hospital

The Moscow Research Institute named after Peter Alexandrovich Herzen was opened in December 1903, and is the first oncological clinic in Europe. Today it is a large research institute engaged, in addition to scientific activities (the Head Oncological Institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation), in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

At the Herzen Institute in Moscow, about 6,800 surgical operations, 105,000 diagnostic procedures and a million laboratory tests are performed annually.

Center doctors, including more than 380 honored doctors, one hundred and sixty candidates and about forty doctors of medical sciences, serve more than 12,000 patients a year.

Among other things, patients are admitted to the oncology center for the treatment of the following diseases: Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, skin cancer, breast, thyroid and prostate cancer, tongue and larynx cancer, bone and soft tissue sarcoma, gastrointestinal oncology, malignant tumors of the uterus, ovaries, penis and testicles, neoplasms of the kidney, bladder and lung, cancer of the tongue and larynx, desmoid fibroids, melanomas and metastases.

Department of chemotherapy

The Department of Chemotherapy of the Herzen Institute under the leadership of Doctor of Medical Sciences Larisa Vladimirovna Bolotina is engaged in drug treatment of cancer. In addition, on the basis of the department, research and academic activities are carried out in this area of ​​oncology. This unit of the medical center is certified and conducts chemotherapy according to generally recognized international protocols. To alleviate side effects and minimize damage to important organs, chemotherapy is accompanied by premedication. The drugs are administered intravenously, intramuscularly, as well as into the abdominal and pleural cavities of the body. If necessary, a port system is installed for the patient. In addition to chemotherapy, the patients of the department receive targeted, immuno- and hormonal therapy. The department has its own hospital for 25 beds and an outpatient unit for thirty people per day.

High-dose chemotherapy department

The department of high-dose chemotherapy at the Herzen Cancer Center in Moscow is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's lymphoma), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, as well as the recurrence of these diseases. Diagnostics is carried out in the same way as in any medical center in the West, including the use of PET - positron emission tomography. The specialists of the department carry out autologous stem cell transplantation. For patients who have undergone transplantation, the department has five separate, aseptic wards. In addition to them, there are 20 more hospital beds. The equipment is the most modern, the same as in clinics in Germany or Israel.

Department of Gynecology

The Department of Gynecology of the Herzen Cancer Center (Moscow) under the leadership of the candidate of medical sciences Svetlana Valerievna Mukhtarulina deals with the treatment of uterine and ovarian cancer with surgical methods. Modern equipment and high qualifications of specialists of this department of the institute allow to carry out almost all operations (and there are more than 800 of them in the department per year), performed in the leading clinics of the planet for the removal of malignant neoplasms. In addition, for the treatment of patients, the doctors of the department use their own unique methods.

Removal of the cervix, for example, is carried out according to the method developed by the deputy head of the department of tumors of the reproductive and urinary organs, Professor Elena Grigorievna Novikova, which allows a woman to maintain fertility after the operation. In general, with the initial forms of cancer, fertility is preserved in a third of the patients of the department. In addition to treatment, specialists from the Institute. Herzen, diagnostics of the ovaries, cervix and body of the uterus, as well as the vulva is carried out. The research uses the most modern methods of world oncology.

Department of Neuro-Oncology

The Department of Neuro-Oncology of the Herzen Moscow Institute under the leadership of Anton Mikhailovich Zaitsev, Candidate of Medical Sciences, is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of brain and spinal cord cancer. The equipment is the same as in clinics in Israel and Germany. The experience is tremendous. Operations are performed to remove tumors (primary and secondary) of the central nervous system of all locations. Complex treatment - surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Surgical Department of General Oncology

The Surgical Department of General Oncology under the leadership of Olga Borisovna Shchitikova is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary (metastases) tumors of different locations. Treatment is carried out both inpatiently and outpatiently. The hospital is designed for 35 beds, located in two, three local and personal wards, with their own shower and toilet. In addition to surgery performed according to the most modern world minimally invasive techniques, patients undergo preoperative and adjuvant chemotherapy. Operations are performed to remove malignant and benign breast tumors with subsequent restoration of the organ through reconstructive surgery.

Surgical Department of Onco-Orthopedics

The Surgical Department of Oncological Orthopedics of the Herzen Institute under the leadership of Doctor of Medical Sciences Vadim Yurievich Karpenko diagnoses and treats oncology of the skin, bones and soft tissues. Benign as well as primary and secondary malignant tumors. The specialists of the department, in collaboration with doctors from other departments of the Moscow Research Institute of Rehabilitation, are engaged in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, endoprosthetics, treatment of sarcoma of bones and soft tissues, neoplasms of the spine, bone metastases, tumors of the chest wall, pelvis, etc. Surgical operations are carried out using equipment that any clinic in any Western country can be proud of. If necessary, surgery is combined with radio and chemotherapy. The department's hospital can accommodate 25 patients, located in two personal and ten 2-3 local wards with their own shower-toilet.

Urology department

The Urology Department of the Herzen Institute (Moscow) under the leadership of Nikolai Vladimirovich Vorobiev, Candidate of Medical Sciences, deals with the treatment of renal, adrenal, prostate, bladder and testicular cancer. Surgery (including laparoscopic and endoscopic methods), chemo-, radio- and hormonal therapy are used. Cryoablation and brachytherapy are used to treat prostate cancer. Everything is carried out in strict accordance with international protocols, as well as in accordance with our own unique developments.

The specialists of the department are the most experienced surgeons performing about 600 operations per year.

Department of Radiation Therapy

The Department of Radiation Therapy of the Herzen Institute (Moscow) is equipped at the level of Western clinics, including the CyberKnife. The scope of the department includes both conventional radio therapy and brachytherapy. In some cases, contact irradiation protocols are used - the radiation source is brought directly to the tumor.

Abdominal department

The abdominal department of the Herzen Hospital in Moscow under the direction of Dmitry Vladimirovich Sidorov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, diagnoses and treats tumors of the abdominal organs.

Diagnostics includes gastro- and colonoscopy, ultrasound, MRI and CT. Liver cancer is treated with surgery, incl. using radiofrequency thermal ablation.

Cancers of the liver, colon and rectum, pancreas, as well as malignant neoplasms of the small pelvis are treated. Pancreatic cancer is treated with surgical and combination methods. Tumors of the rectum operate on the nerve and sphincter conserving operations, including laparoscopic methods. Laparoscopy is also used for the surgical treatment of colon cancer, along with other methods.

Department of X-ray Surgical Diagnostics and Treatment

The Department of X-ray Surgical Diagnostics and Treatment under the direction of Andrey Georgievich Rerberg, Candidate of Medical Sciences, deals with embolotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, as well as radio and chemoembolization.

Department of Oncoplastic Surgery

The Department of Oncoplastic Surgery at the Herzen Cancer Center under the direction of Yevgeny Alekseevich Troshenkov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, deals, among other things, with surgical treatment of breast and skin cancer. On average, the department's specialists carry out up to 1,500 such operations per year. With a radical removal of the mammary gland, simultaneous or subsequent restoration of the amputated breast is possible after a while. Whenever possible, only the tumor is excised, thus preserving the mammary gland. During resection of a skin tumor, plastic reconstruction is possible. Benign tumors are removed, including by radio waves. In addition to surgery, for the treatment of breast and skin oncology, the specialists of the department resort to chemotherapy and hormone therapy.

Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery of Breast and Skin

The Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery of the Breast and Skin under the leadership of Doctor of Medical Sciences Azizzhon Dilshodovich Zikiryakhodzhaev is considered the flagship of breast reconstruction surgery in cancer patients in Russia.

Diagnostics is carried out using the most modern methods - such as digital mammography, biopsy under the monitoring of a radiographic computer system or ultrasound control. CT, MRI, bone scintigraphy and other technologies are used to check for metastases.

More than two thousand surgical operations are performed annually by the department's specialists. Lipofilling is used for breast reconstruction. This method allows you to do everything without visible scars and speed up postoperative rehabilitation.

In addition to operations on the mammary gland, the department staff is engaged in the treatment of melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma.

Microsurgical department

The Microsurgical Department of the Herzen Oncological Institute under the leadership of Doctor of Medical Sciences Andrei Pavlovich Polyakov deals with the surgical treatment of soft tissue cancer of the head, face and neck using the latest equipment, techniques and instruments. In addition, the department's specialists perform surgery on the bones of the face, mandible and skull. Among the diseases recommended for treatment at the Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute are cancer of the oral cavity, larynx, lip and nose. For diagnostics, the latest methods are used, such as volumetric (three de) CT and SL (SLA).

Center for Laser and Photodynamic Diagnostics and Tumor Therapy

The Center for Laser and Photodynamic Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors under the leadership of Professor Elena Vyacheslavovna Filonenko is engaged in photodynamic therapy, fluorescence diagnostics, as well as research activities. For the treatment of diseases such as soft tissue sarcomas, neoplasms of the pancreas, breast and prostate, rectum and secondary tumors of the lymph nodes, bladder and kidneys, the method of high-intensity focused ultrasound - HIFU is used.

Neoplasms, including deep localization, lend themselves to destruction without extensive surgical intervention. The procedure can be performed in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is performed under ultrasound control, anesthesia is not needed.

Palliative care center

The Center for Palliative Care of the Herzen Cancer Institute under the leadership of Doctor of Medical Sciences Guzali Rafailovna Abuzarova is engaged in improving the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer patients. We are talking about the treatment of pain syndromes, proper care for bedridden patients, selection of proper nutrition and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, the department's specialists treat inoperable tumors with the most modern methods of world medicine - HIFU, chemoembolization, palliative radiotherapy and surgical operations for bone lesions by secondary tumors.

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How do COVID-19 antibody tests differ from diagnostic tests?

I've heard about antibody testing for covid-19. what is antibody testing is it the same as testing to diagnose covid-19.

Antibody testing shows whether you have antibodies to the virus that causes COVID-19, also called coronavirus disease 2019.

Having antibodies suggests you've either had an infection with the virus in the past or you've had the COVID-19 vaccine. Antibody testing is not used to diagnose COVID-19.

What are antibodies and why are antibody tests done?

Antibodies are proteins. The body makes antibodies when there are things in the body that shouldn't be there, such as viruses. The antibodies help clear out the virus. Having antibodies to a virus may give some protection from the disease caused by the virus for a time.

A blood test can show whether you have antibodies to the COVID-19 virus within days to weeks of having the infection or the vaccine. But antibody testing, also called serology testing, is not done routinely.

A healthcare professional might use an antibody test to diagnose complications of COVID-19. These include multisystem inflammatory syndrome, a rare condition linked to COVID-19.

If you've gotten over COVID-19, you might be able to help others who have COVID-19. If testing shows that you have a high level of antibodies, you might donate part of your blood called plasma. This is called convalescent plasma. It may help others with severe disease who have a weakened immune system.

What tests are used to diagnose COVID-19?

Two types of tests can help diagnose COVID-19.

Molecular tests. These tests look for genetic material from the COVID-19 virus.

Polymerase chain reaction tests, shortened to PCR tests, are molecular tests. You may also hear this type of test called an NAAT test, short for nucleic acid amplification test.

PCR tests are more accurate than the other type of COVID-19 test, called an antigen test. You can do PCR tests at home. But they are more likely to be done by a healthcare professional and processed in a lab.

Antigen tests. These tests look for viral proteins called antigens.

Antigen tests also may be called rapid COVID-19 tests or at-home COVID-19 tests. These tests are useful if you need quick results.

Antigen tests are accurate. But they're less accurate than PCR tests. If you have symptoms and an antigen test is negative for COVID-19, take another antigen test after 48 hours to get the best result.

If you don't have symptoms and get a negative result, test again after 48 hours. If the result is still negative and you think you have COVID-19, you can test a third time after another 48 hours. Or you can get a molecular test or call your healthcare professional.

How do I get a COVID-19 diagnostic test?

In the United States, at-home COVID-19 tests are available from several sources. Free tests can be mailed to U.S. addresses, or you can buy tests in stores and pharmacies or online. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the tests. On the FDA website, you can find a list of the tests that are validated and when they expire.

Daniel C. DeSimone, M.D.

• COVID-19 variant
• COVID-19 drugs: Are there any that work?
• AskMayoExpert. Serological antibody testing. Mayo Clinic; 2022.
• Interim guidelines for COVID-19 antibody testing. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/testing/antibody-tests-guidelines.html. Accessed March 5, 2024.
• Antibody (serology) testing for COVID-19: Information for patients and consumers. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/antibody-serology-testing-covid-19-information-patients-and-consumers. Accessed March 5, 2024.
• AskMayoExpert. COVID-19: Drug regimens and other treatment options. Mayo Clinic; 2022.
• COVID-19 testing: What you need to know. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html. Accessed March 5, 2024.
• At-home COVID-19 antigen tests: Take steps to reduce your risk of false negative results: FDA safety communication. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/home-covid-19-antigen-tests-take-steps-reduce-your-risk-false-negative-results-fda-safety. Accessed March 6, 2024.
• AT-home OTC COVID diagnostic tests. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests. Accessed March 6, 2024.
• Zhang Y et al. Molecular and antigen tests, and sample types for diagnosis of COVID-19: A review. Future Virology. 2022; doi:10.2217/fvl-2021-0256.

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• COVID-19 diagnostic testing - Related information COVID-19 diagnostic testing
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The Aftermath of a U.K. Cyberattack: Blood Shortages and Delayed Operations

Several London hospitals, still reeling from a cyberattack last week, have made an urgent plea to medical students to help stem the disruption.

By Jenny Gross

Reporting from London

Several London hospitals, still under significant strain more than a week after a cyberattack crippled services, have asked medical students to volunteer to help minimize disruption, as thousands of blood samples have had to be discarded and hundreds of operations postponed.

The ransomware attack on Synnovis, a private firm that analyzes blood tests, has crippled services at two major National Health Service hospital trusts, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ and King’s College, which described the situation as “critical.”

In a statement on Friday , the N.H.S. said that more than 800 planned operations and 700 outpatient appointments needed to be rescheduled, including 97 cancer treatments, in the first week after the attack. Five planned C-sections were rescheduled, and pathology services were running at 10 percent of normal capacity, the statement said.

“We expect disruption to be felt for some time,” said Dr. Chris Streather, the medical director for N.H.S. London.

According to a memo leaked in recent days, several London hospitals asked medical students to volunteer for 10- to 12-hour shifts. “We urgently need volunteers to step forward and support our pathology services,” said the message, which was reported earlier by the BBC . “The ripple effect of this extremely serious incident is felt across various hospital, community and mental health services in our region.”

The attack also disrupted blood transfusions, and the N.H.S. appealed to the public this week for blood donors with O-negative blood types, which can be used in transfusions for any blood type, and O-positive blood types, which is the most frequently occurring blood type, saying it could not match patients’ blood at the same frequency as usual.

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