essay about quality in business

Why Is Quality Important for a Business?

• Small Business
• Business Communications & Etiquette
• Importance of Business Communication
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What Are the Benefits of a Company With a Well-Executed Branding Strategy?

Penetration pricing advantages over skim pricing, what core competencies give an organization competitive advantage.

• The Advantages of Supply Chain Management Systems
• Marketing Environment & Competitor Analysis

With so many options available to customers, you may be wondering whether or not quality still matters. The answer is a resounding “yes,” and quality isn’t just about offering a product or service that exceeds the standard, but it’s also about the reputation you gain for consistently delivering a customer experience that is “above and beyond.” Managing quality is crucial for small businesses.

Quality products help to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty and reduce the risk and cost of replacing faulty goods. Companies can build a reputation for quality by gaining accreditation with a recognized quality standard.

Meet Customer Expectations

Regardless of what industry you’re involved in, your customers aren’t going to choose you solely based on price, but often on quality. In fact, studies have shown that customers will pay more for a product or service that they think is made well or exceeds the standard. Your customers expect you to deliver quality products.

Quality is Critical to Satisfied Customers

If you fail to meet customers' expectation, they will quickly look for alternatives. Quality is critical to satisfying your customers and retaining their loyalty so they continue to buy from you in the future. Quality products make an important contribution to long-term revenue and profitability. They also enable you to charge and maintain higher prices.

Quality is a key differentiator in a crowded market. It’s the reason that Apple can price its iPhone higher than any other mobile phone in the industry – because the company has established a long history of delivering superior products.

Establish Your Reputation

Quality reflects on your company’s reputation. The growing importance of social media means that customers and prospects can easily share both favorable opinions and criticism of your product quality on forums, product review sites and social networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter. A strong reputation for quality can be an important differentiator in markets that are very competitive. Poor quality or product failure that results in a product recall campaign can lead to negative publicity and damage your reputation.

If your business consistently delivers what it promises, your customers are much more likely to sing your praises on social media platforms. This not only helps drive your brand awareness, but it also creates the much-desired FOMO effect, which stands for “Fear of Missing Out.” Social-media users that see your company’s strong reputation will want to become part of the product or service you’re offering, which can boost your sales.

Meet or Exceed Industry Standards

Adherence to a recognized quality standard may be essential for dealing with certain customers or complying with legislation. Public-sector companies, for example, may insist that their suppliers achieve accreditation with quality standards. If you sell products in regulated markets, such as health care, food or electrical goods, you must be able to comply with health and safety standards designed to protect consumers.

Accredited quality control systems play a crucial role in complying with those standards. Accreditation can also help you win new customers or enter new markets by giving prospects independent confirmation of your company’s ability to supply quality products.

Manage Costs Effectively

Poor quality increases costs. If you do not have an effective quality-control system in place, you may incur the cost of analyzing nonconforming goods or services to determine the root causes and retesting products after reworking them.

In some cases, you may have to scrap defective products and pay additional production costs to replace them. If defective products reach customers, you will have to pay for returns and replacements and, in serious cases, you could incur legal costs for failure to comply with customer or industry standards.

• Reputation Management: Why a Great Company Reputation is Important
• Entrepreneur: 7 Ways Quality Boosts Business That Quantity Can’t Match
• CMO: Consumers Say They Will Pay More For a Better Experience

Sampson Quain is an experienced content writer with a wide range of expertise in small business, digital marketing, SEO marketing, SEM marketing, and social media outreach. He has written primarily for the EHow brand of Demand Studios as well as business strategy sites such as Digital Authority.

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113 Quality Control Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Quality control is a critical aspect of any business or organization that aims to deliver high-quality products or services to its customers. It involves monitoring and evaluating the quality of products or services to ensure they meet certain standards and specifications. Quality control is essential to prevent defects, errors, and inconsistencies that can negatively impact a company's reputation and bottom line.

If you're tasked with writing an essay on quality control, you may be struggling to come up with a topic that will engage your readers and demonstrate your understanding of the subject. To help you get started, here are 113 quality control essay topic ideas and examples:

• The importance of quality control in manufacturing
• How quality control can improve customer satisfaction
• The role of quality control in ensuring product safety
• The impact of quality control on a company's reputation
• Best practices for implementing a quality control program
• The benefits of using technology in quality control
• How quality control can help reduce waste and improve efficiency
• The relationship between quality control and quality assurance
• The challenges of implementing quality control in a small business
• The role of statistical analysis in quality control
• Quality control in the food industry: ensuring product safety and freshness
• The impact of globalization on quality control practices
• Quality control in the healthcare industry: ensuring patient safety
• The importance of quality control in the pharmaceutical industry
• How quality control can help prevent product recalls
• Quality control in the automotive industry: ensuring vehicle safety
• The role of quality control in the construction industry
• The impact of quality control on supply chain management
• Quality control in the hospitality industry: ensuring customer satisfaction
• The challenges of implementing quality control in a service-based business
• The role of quality control in ensuring data accuracy and integrity
• Quality control in the retail industry: ensuring product quality and consistency
• The impact of quality control on brand loyalty
• The role of quality control in meeting regulatory requirements
• The benefits of implementing a Total Quality Management (TQM) program
• Quality control in the aerospace industry: ensuring the safety of aircraft
• The impact of quality control on employee morale and motivation
• The challenges of implementing quality control in a fast-paced environment
• Quality control in the technology industry: ensuring software reliability
• The role of quality control in disaster preparedness and response
• The impact of quality control on the environment and sustainability
• Quality control in the education industry: ensuring academic standards
• The benefits of implementing a Six Sigma quality control program
• Quality control in the energy industry: ensuring the safety of power plants
• The role of quality control in the entertainment industry
• The impact of quality control on social responsibility and ethical practices
• Quality control in the fashion industry: ensuring product quality and design
• The challenges of implementing quality control in a global supply chain
• The role of quality control in the financial industry: ensuring data accuracy
• Quality control in the telecommunications industry: ensuring network reliability
• The benefits of implementing a Lean Six Sigma quality control program
• Quality control in the transportation industry: ensuring vehicle safety and maintenance
• The impact of quality control on customer retention and loyalty
• The role of quality control in the healthcare industry: ensuring patient outcomes
• Quality control in the pharmaceutical industry: ensuring drug safety and efficacy
• The challenges of implementing quality control in a regulated industry
• The role of quality control in ensuring product consistency and reliability
• Quality control in the automotive industry: ensuring vehicle performance and safety
• The impact of quality control on employee satisfaction and retention
• The benefits of implementing a Quality Management System (QMS) for quality control
• Quality control in the aerospace industry: ensuring the safety of space missions
• The role of quality control in the construction industry: ensuring building safety
• Quality control in the food industry: ensuring food safety and quality
• The challenges of implementing quality control in a fast-changing market
• The role of quality control in the hospitality industry: ensuring customer satisfaction
• The impact of quality control on brand reputation and customer trust
• The benefits of implementing a quality control program for small businesses
• Quality control in the technology industry: ensuring software reliability and security
• The role of quality control in the energy industry: ensuring the safety of power plants
• Quality control in the education industry: ensuring academic standards and curriculum
• The role of quality control in the entertainment industry: ensuring product quality
• Quality control in the financial industry: ensuring data accuracy and integrity
• Quality control in the telecommunications industry: ensuring network reliability and performance
• The role of quality control in the transportation industry: ensuring vehicle safety
• Quality control in the healthcare industry: ensuring patient safety and outcomes
• The challenges of implementing quality control in a regulated environment
• The role of quality control in the pharmaceutical industry: ensuring drug safety
• Quality control in the food industry: ensuring product safety and quality

In conclusion, quality control is a critical aspect of any business or organization that aims to deliver high-quality products or services to its customers. By selecting a relevant and engaging topic from the list above, you can demonstrate your understanding of quality control and its importance in various industries. Good luck with your essay!

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How to Write a Business Essay for Impactful Communication and Analysis

So, you've got a business essay coming up, and you're feeling a mix of excitement and a tad bit overwhelmed, right? Totally get it. Writing a business essay might sound boring, but trust me, it's a skill that's gonna come in handy when you're out there in the real world.

In this article, we're dishing out some awesome tips just for you if you have question on how to start a business essay. Think of it as your secret weapon to tackle those business essays like a pro. We'll keep it real, easy, and super practical – no fancy jargon or complicated theories. Let's dive into the world of business essay writing, where your words can make a big impact. In case you lack time or motivation to finish your assignment, use our business essay writing service to streamline the process.

What Is a Business Essay

Business essays are written pieces that explore and analyze various aspects of business-related topics, often focusing on management, marketing, finance, or entrepreneurship. They provide a platform for students and professionals to articulate their understanding of business concepts, theories, and real-world applications. Typically written in a formal and structured manner, a business essay requires critical thinking, research skills, and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. Whether delving into case studies, discussing industry trends, or evaluating business strategies, the essay aims to provide insights, draw conclusions, and contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic world of business.

How to Write an Introduction for a Business Essay

A business essay introduction sets the tone for the entire paper and captures the reader's attention. Here are some steps and tips to help you write an effective introduction for a business essay:

• Understand the Purpose of the Introduction

Clearly understand the purpose of your essay. Are you providing an overview of a business concept, analyzing a case study, or arguing a specific point? Tailor your introduction accordingly.

• Start with a Hook

Grab the reader's attention with a compelling hook. This could be a relevant quote, a surprising fact, a rhetorical question, or a thought-provoking statement. The goal is to make the reader want to continue reading.

• Provide Context

After the hook, provide some background or context related to the topic of your essay. Help the reader understand the significance and relevance of the subject matter in the business world.

• Thesis Statement

Clearly state your thesis or the main argument of your essay. This should be a concise and focused statement that outlines what the reader can expect from the rest of the essay. Make sure it is specific and reflects the purpose of your writing.

• Outline the Scope

Briefly outline the main points or areas that your essay will cover. This gives the reader a roadmap of what to expect and helps them understand the structure of your essay.

• Use Clear and Concise Language

Keep your introduction clear and concise. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex language that might confuse the reader. Aim for clarity and precision.

• Be Relevant

Ensure that every sentence in your introduction is directly related to the topic of your essay. Avoid going off on tangents or providing excessive information that doesn't contribute to the main points.

• Consider the Tone

Choose a tone that is appropriate for your audience and the nature of your essay. Business essays can vary in tone, from formal and academic to more conversational, depending on the context.

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Business Essay Introduction Example

Here’s an example of an introduction for an essay titled “The Rise of E-commerce: Shaping the Future of Retail”:

The retail landscape is undergoing a seismic shift as e-commerce continues to redefine the way consumers shop. In this essay, we explore the profound implications of this digital transformation on traditional retail models and analyze the key strategies businesses are employing to thrive in this dynamic environment. From changing consumer behaviors to the strategic use of technology, the impact of e-commerce on the retail sector is undeniable, prompting businesses to adapt or face the risk of obsolescence.

How to Write a Business Essay

Working on a business essay might seem daunting, but it doesn't have to be. In this guide, we'll break down the process into simple steps to help you navigate through it smoothly. In this next section. We’ll be breaking down the essentials of drawing up a business essay from start to finish. From defining your main argument to structuring your points effectively, let's explore the key strategies that will set you on the path to success. 

Analyze the Prompt

Start by carefully reading and understanding the essay prompt. This involves breaking down the question to grasp what it's asking for, identifying the main topics, and recognizing any specific tasks or points to cover. This step helps you set the stage for a focused and relevant essay by ensuring you address all aspects mentioned in the prompt. You can hire a business essay writer to expedite the process if you want.

Think of a Thesis Statement

When writing a business essay, think of the thesis statement as the essay's compass. It should be a concise, strong sentence that lays out your main argument or viewpoint on the topic. Your thesis guides the entire essay, so make sure it's specific, debatable, and gives readers a clear idea of what to expect in your writing.

Create an Outline

We’ve already shared tips on how to write an introduction for a business essay, so let’s move on to the next stages. Organize your thoughts by outlining the main points and structure of your essay. This doesn't have to be too detailed; just a roadmap that helps you see how different ideas connect. An outline ensures a logical flow in your writing and prevents you from going off track. By the way, have you already picked business essay topics ? If not, here’s a list of great ideas you can use!

Provide Topic Background

Before diving into your main points, the business essay writing format implies giving your reader some context about the topic. Briefly introduce the key concepts, relevant facts, or historical background that will help readers understand the importance and relevance of your essay.

Write the Main Body

Start developing your essay by expanding on the main points outlined in your thesis. Each paragraph should focus on a specific idea or argument supported by evidence or examples. Be clear and concise, ensuring a smooth transition between paragraphs. It’s the most difficult part of the assignment, meaning you can use our college essay service to simplify it.

Write a Conclusion

Summarize your key points and conclusively restate your thesis. The conclusion should tie up the loose ends and leave a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid introducing new information but rather reinforce your main argument. For more details about how to write a conclusion for an essay , please refer to our guide.

Add a Bibliography

List all the sources you used in your research. Be meticulous about citing your references properly, following the chosen format (APA, MLA, etc.). This adds credibility to your essay and avoids plagiarism issues.

Edit and Proofread

As you’ve learned how to write a business essay, it’s time to master the art of self-revising. Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and grammatical errors. Editing ensures that your ideas flow smoothly, and proofreading catches any overlooked mistakes. It's a crucial step to polish your essay and present a professional piece of writing. Do you have another assignment on business management ? This guide will help you!

Choose the Writing Format

Reiterate the importance of selecting and adhering to the chosen writing format throughout the essay. Consistency in formatting, citations, and other style elements contributes to the overall professionalism of your work.

Business Essay Example

Business essay examples offer practical assistance to students tackling assignments by showcasing the application of essential writing principles in a real-world context. As a tangible reference, it demonstrates an effective essay structure and how to formulate a clear thesis statement and provide coherent arguments. By examining examples, students can glean insights into research techniques, proper citation practices, and overall essay organization, empowering them to approach their business assignments with increased confidence and proficiency.

Example 1: “The Impact of Technological Advancements on Modern Business Operations”

This essay explores the multifaceted impact of technology on operational efficiency, innovation, customer relations, and global connectivity. From integrating automation and artificial intelligence for streamlined processes to facilitating global expansion through digital platforms, technology emerges as a driving force shaping the success and sustainability of contemporary enterprises. While acknowledging the numerous benefits, the essay also highlights the challenges and ethical considerations inherent in adopting these technologies, emphasizing the need for businesses to navigate these complexities responsibly for long-term growth and competitiveness.

Example 2: “Sustainable Business Practices: A Strategic Imperative for Corporate Success”

This essay explores the pivotal role of sustainable business practices as a strategic imperative for corporate success in the contemporary entrepreneurship scene. Addressing environmental concerns, social consciousness, and economic viability, the essay delves into the multifaceted benefits of adopting sustainable approaches. It discusses how businesses can align profitability with responsible practices, emphasizing environmental stewardship, social impact, and community engagement. The essay underscores the importance of regulatory compliance and risk mitigation in business by examining the economic advantages and innovation opportunities arising from sustainable initiatives.

Final Considerations

Students engage in writing business essays to develop essential skills and knowledge crucial for success in the professional world. These essays serve as a platform for honing critical thinking, analytical, and communication skills, allowing students to articulate and analyze complex business concepts. Through the process of researching, organizing thoughts, and constructing coherent arguments, students gain a deeper understanding of business principles and practices. Business essays also cultivate the ability to synthesize information, evaluate various perspectives, and present well-reasoned conclusions. If you find with task troublesome, you can always tell us, ‘ write my research paper ,’ and one of our wordsmiths will fulfill the assignment quickly.

Writing Business Essays Doesn’t Work for You?

 Here’s an alternative – an expert writer with relevant experience and proper skills.

How Many Paragraphs Does a Business Essay Have?

What is the most important part of a business essay, how do you start off a business essay.

Annie Lambert

specializes in creating authoritative content on marketing, business, and finance, with a versatile ability to handle any essay type and dissertations. With a Master’s degree in Business Administration and a passion for social issues, her writing not only educates but also inspires action. On EssayPro blog, Annie delivers detailed guides and thought-provoking discussions on pressing economic and social topics. When not writing, she’s a guest speaker at various business seminars.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Home — Essay Samples — Business — Quality Management — The Concept of Quality

The Concept of Quality

• Categories: Quality Management

About this sample

Words: 907 |

Published: Dec 18, 2018

Words: 907 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

Works Cited:

• Lilienfeld, S. O., Lynn, S. J., Namy, L. L., & Woolf, N. J. (2019). Psychology: From inquiry to understanding. Pearson.
• Myers, D. G., & Dewall, C. N. (2018). Psychology. Macmillan.
• Cherry, K. (2021). The importance of psychology. Verywell Mind. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/why-is-psychology-important-2794878
• American Psychological Association. (2021). What is psychology? Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/topics/what-is-psychology
• Baumeister, R. F., & Bushman, B. J. (2014). Social psychology and human nature. Wadsworth.
• Cacioppo, J. T., Freberg, L. A., & Eastwick, P. W. (2018). Discovering psychology. Cengage Learning.
• Gross, R. (2019). Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour. Hodder Education.
• Huitt, W. (2020). Why study psychology? Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta State University. Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/intro/why.html
• Maslow, A. H. (2013). Toward a psychology of being. Simon and Schuster.
• Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.

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The Science of Strong Business Writing

• Bill Birchard

Lessons from neurobiology

Brain scans are showing us in new detail exactly what entices readers. Scientists can see a group of midbrain neurons—the “reward circuit”—light up as people respond to everything from a simple metaphor to an unexpected story twist. The big takeaway? Whether you’re crafting an email to a colleague or an important report for the board, you can write in a way that delights readers on a primal level, releasing pleasure chemicals in their brains.

Bill Birchard is an author and writing coach who’s worked with many successful businesspeople. He’s drawn on that experience and his review of the scientific literature to identify eight features of satisfying writing: simplicity, specificity, surprise, stirring language, seductiveness, smart ideas, social content, and storytelling. In this article, he shares tips for using those eight S’s to captivate readers and help your message stick.

Strong writing skills are essential for anyone in business. You need them to effectively communicate with colleagues, employees, and bosses and to sell any ideas, products, or services you’re offering.

• Bill Birchard is a business author and book-writing coach. His Writing for Impact: 8 Secrets from Science That Will Fire Up Your Reader’s Brain will be published by HarperCollins Leadership in April 2023. His previous books include Merchants of Virtue, Stairway to Earth, Nature’s Keepers, Counting What Counts, and others. For more writing tactics, see his website .  

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Free Business Essay Examples & Topics

If you are studying law, economics, finances, or management, the chances are that you will have to write a business essay. It is a fairly standard assignment encountered at a school or college level. Thus, every student should at the very least know the basics concerning this particular phenomenon.

What is business? Everyone has a vague understanding of the term, but there is also a specific definition. A business is a commercial, professional, or industrial organization involved in entrepreneurship. It is not necessarily motivated by financial gain – a charity can also be a business. The nature of business refers to its operations, its mission statement, and the type of service or product it provides. The organization’s size can range from sole ownership to large multinational conglomerates.

Our experts have selected some business essay examples for you to check out so that you won’t struggle with your task. Besides, in this article, you will find advice for writing these papers. You will see how to organize your work best and which elements to include in your essay.

How to Write a Business Essay

In this section, you will see the top recommendations for starting a business essay. The tips here are of most use for argumentative and persuasive writing assignments. These are the most popular styles for essays about business.

1. Pick a topic or analyze a given one.

If you’re free to choose one, select a topic that you find intriguing. Identify a relevant central idea to discuss. When writing an essay on an assigned topic, determine the exact question that needs to be addressed. Double-check the essay format that you have to follow.

2. Research and take notes.

Examine the topic to get a better understanding of the specific field. After identifying a central idea of the business essay, search for the information relevant to your paper. There are plenty of data available online. Yet, books and journals from your local library are also great resources. While researching, note all the useful sources to find them again later.

3. Create a reference list.

In most essays on business, you’ll have to illustrate your points and provide credible sources. Thus, collect the bibliography to indicate all the required citations. It’s a good idea to compile the references before you begin writing. This way, you won’t have to rush to get it all together at the end.

4. Write a thesis statement and create an outline.

Just like any successful organization requires a business plan, your essay requires a solid outline. Create your objectives and formulate your thesis statement around them. Ensure that your points and supporting evidence correspond directly to your central idea.

5. Revise and edit.

Most school and college students don’t bother to double-check their academic works once they are done. However, only with revision and editing will your essay truly achieve success. Check for grammar mistakes and the flow of your sentences. Ensure the logical order of your analysis. If anything sounds off, better to change it before submitting it.

Even after reading these steps, you may still be at a loss as to how to write a business essay. Examples of works written by other students can help you analyze relevant ideas. You can peruse the ones we have provided underneath the article.

Business Essay Outline

In the previous section, we mentioned that you need to create an outline for a successful paper. Thankfully, most essays have the same general structure they follow. We will analyze it in more detail below.

In essence, a business essay structure consists of the following:

1. Introduction. It is the place for you to explain the general idea behind your topic. This is also where you will provide a thesis statement. In the introduction, you will have to identify the central elements of the essay. Make sure you establish communication with the reader.

2. Background. You will always want to clarify specific terms or concepts essential to your audience. Thus, provide relevant definitions and context in your introduction or separate paragraph if your task allows it. For example, most people probably know what leadership is but will struggle to understand social responsibility. If you are writing a case study, important background information is necessary to include in your essay.

3. Main Body. Using your selected sources, create a detailed analysis of the topic. Make sure to incorporate:

• Arguments in favor of your position.
• Examples as evidence to support your claims.
• Counterarguments as evidence that you’ve examined the topic from different perspectives.

Don’t forget to include quotes and citations from relevant sources. These will provide credibility to your research.

4. Conclusion. In your last paragraph, provide a concise discussion of the separate points. Re-examine your thesis statement and reiterate it in different words. Summarize your findings and make sure that they relate to the purpose presented in the introduction.

Thank you for checking our recommendations. Below, you will find business essay examples on different topics. Good luck writing your assignment!

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Revealed: Harvard Business School’s New MBA Essays For Applicants

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Harvard Business School’s Baker Library.

With just 10 weeks before its first application deadline on Sept. 4th, Harvard Business School today (June 25) revealed a newly revised application for MBA candidates, including a new set of three short essays along with a refresh on how it will evaluate applicants for future classes.

The new prompts?

Business-Minded Essay : Please reflect on how your experiences have influenced your career choices and aspirations and the impact you will have on the businesses, organizations, and communities you plan to serve. (up to 300 words)

Leadership-Focused Essay : What experiences have shaped who you are, how you invest in others, and what kind of leader you want to become? (up to 250 words)

Growth-Oriented Essay : Curiosity can be seen in many ways. Please share an example of how you have demonstrated curiosity and how that has influenced your growth. (up to 250 words)

NEW HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL ESSAYS PUT THROUGH BY NEW MBA ADMISSIONS CHIEF

Eagerly awaited by thousands of prospective students and admission consultants, you can bet that the admissions pages of the HBS website were continually refreshed all morning for a glimpse at the new essay. The Harvard Business School essay prompt for the Class of 2027 was posted at 10:30 a.m. with the opening of the 2024-2025 application online.

This year’s change was put through by Rupal Gadhia , who joined the school as managing director of admissions and financial aid last October. A 2004 Harvard MBA, Gadhia came to the school with no previous admissions experience, having been the global head of marketing for SharkNinja robots.

In explaining the change in a blog post , Gadhia noted that “we have refreshed the criteria on which we evaluate candidates. We are looking for applicants who are business-minded, leadership-focused, and growth-oriented…This is your opportunity to discuss meaningful or formative experiences that are important to you that you haven’t had a chance to fully explore elsewhere in your application…Be authentic, be yourself.”

WHAT HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL IS REALLY LOOKING FOR IN THE NEW ESSAYS

The school added some context to its new criteria for admission, more clearly defining what it means by business-minded, leadership-focused, and growth-oriented.

Business-Minded

We are looking for individuals who are passionate about using business as a force for good – who strive to improve and transform companies, industries, and the world. We are seeking those who are eager to solve today’s biggest problems and shape the future through creative and integrated thinking. Being business-minded is about the interest to help organizations succeed, whether in the private, public, or non-profit sector. This business inclination can be found in individuals with a variety of professional and educational experiences, not just those who come from traditional business backgrounds.

In Your Application: We will look for evidence of your interpersonal skills, quantitative abilities, and the ways in which you plan to create impact through business in the future.

Leadership-Focused

We are looking for individuals who aspire to lead others toward making a difference in the world, and those who recognize that to build and sustain successful organizations, they must develop and nurture diverse teams. Leadership takes many forms in many contexts – you do not have to have a formal leadership role to make a difference. We deliberately create a class that includes different kinds of leaders, from the front-line manager to the startup founder to the behind-the-scenes thought leader.

In Your Application: Your leadership impact may be most evident in extracurriculars, community initiatives, or your professional work.

Growth-Oriented

We are looking for individuals who desire to broaden their perspectives through creative problem solving, active listening, and lively discussion. At HBS you will be surrounded by future leaders from around the world who will make you think more expansively about what impact you might have. Our case and field-based learning methods depend on the active participation of curious students who are excited to listen and learn from faculty and classmates, as well as contribute their own ideas and perspectives.

In Your Application: We will look for the ways in which you have grown, developed, and how you engage with the world around you.

TIGHTER TIMEFRAME FOR ROUND ONE APPLICANTS

The new essay prompts come  nearly two months after candidates to the school’s MBA program would more typically know what was expected of them. Some admission consultants say the delay over the prompt’s release, along with nearly a month’s slow down in releasing application deadlines, is “wildly insensitive” to applicants who will have less time than normal to prepare for the round one deadline of Sept. 4th.

That’s especially true because the most successful applicants to HBS have highly demanding jobs that consume the vast majority of their time. Many candidates go through multiple drafts of their essays to get them as close to perfection as humanly possible. MBA admission consultants are expecting a lot of up-to-the-deadline work this year to help prep candidates for Harvard and other top business schools.

The new application still preserves the post-interview reflection for applicants who are invited to a 30-minute admissions interview. Within 24 hours of the interview, candidates are required to submit a written reflection through the school’s online application system.

REACTION TO THE NEW CHANGE IS MIXED

Early reaction to the change suggests the likelihood of mixed reviews. “This is an uninspired and odd set of questions,” says Sandy Kreisberg, founder of HBSGuru.com and an MBA admissions consultant who closely reads the tea leaves of Harvard’s admissions process. “I don’t know how it’s different from what else do you want us to know about you, frankly,” he adds in a reference to last year’s single essay prompt.

“HBS has certainly moved from the abstract to the concrete,” believes Jeremy Shinewald, founder and CEO of mbaMission, a leading MBA admissions consulting firm. “Some applicants previously felt like they didn’t know where to start and some weren’t sure if they had answered the question, even when they were done. Now, the questions are quite straightforward and all have a cause and effect relationship — one where the applicant discusses the past to reveal the present or future. Smart applicants will understand how to share their experiences and, more importantly, how to relay their values. Some will mistakenly try to whack HBS over the head with stories of their epic feats, but the key isn’t to brag or embellish – the key is to simply create a clear relationship, via narrative, between past experience and true motivations.”

Shinewald found it astonishing that Harvard could not have made the change earlier. “It is, of course, surprising that HBS left applicants on edge until the last minute, all to create very traditional essays,” he adds. “As applicants learn in MBA classrooms, change can be hard and take time. The bottom line here is that these essays are somewhat of an applicant’s dream – they allow the savvy applicant to play to their strengths and draw on their best anecdotes and experiences to create a complete story. Some applicants will lament the absence of a ‘Why HBS?’ prompt, but my guess is that the admissions committee recognized that they would get an almost homogenous collection of essays touting the case method and other well known features. HBS gets some kudos for keeping the focus on the applicant.”

Adds Petia Whitmore of My MBA Path: “I think they reflect one of the traits of this new generation of candidates which is that they don’t handle ambiguity well. So it seems like Harvard had to spell out what they’re looking for way more prescriptively than in the past.”

Some, however, find the new essays a return to the past. “To me, the prompts feel quite regressive, and a return to the more formulaic approach that pervaded MBA applications two decades ago,” believes Justin Marshall, a New York-based MBA admissions consultant. “Because the previous prompt was so open ended, it forced applicants to be introspective and self-aware. You couldn’t just ramble for 900 words; you had to identify themes in your life to show how your personal experiences shaped your values, your leadership style, and your goals. Comparatively, these new prompts are much more paint-by-numbers. Applicants will likely cover the same ground in terms of topic, but there’s very little room for nuance and self-expression. I think it will be harder for applicants with less conventional backgrounds and experiences to differentiate themselves. I’m sure HBS grew tired of reading so many painfully earnest ‘life story’ essays, but I suspect they’ll soon find themselves yearning for essays that have a heartbeat and personality. 250 words just doesn’t allow for that unless you’re a very crafty writer.”

Whatever the case, getting into Harvard’s MBA program is still a daunting exercise. Last year, 1,076 of the 8,264 candidates who applied for admission to Harvard Business School gained admission, an acceptance rate of 13.2%, making HBS the second most selective prestige MBA program in the country after Stanford Graduate School of Business which had an admit rate of 8.4%. Harvard saw a 15.4% drop in MBA applications from the 9,773 it received a year-earlier.

Joint degree applicants for the Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard Law School, and Harvard Kennedy School must provide an additional essay: How do you expect the joint degree experience to benefit you on both a professional and a personal level? (up to 400 words)

BIGGEST CHANGE IN HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL ESSAY IN NEARLY A DECADE

Joint degree applicants for the Harvard Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences must provide an additional essay: The MS/MBA Engineering Sciences program is focused on entrepreneurship, design, and innovation. Describe your past experiences in these areas and your reasons for pursuing a program with this focus. (recommended length: 500 words). Applicants will also be able to respond to an optional essay.

In any case, it’s the biggest change in Harvard Business School’s application in nearly a decade. The last time HBS made a major switch, moving to the essay prompt it just eliminated, was in 2016. That change to just one essay with no word limit and a post-interview reflection was made by then admissions chief Dee Leopold.

When Leopold applied to Harvard as an MBA candidate in 1978, she had to write eight essays. Over her years as managing director of admissions, she first cut the essays down to four and then one, making it optional, and finally the one last prompt with a post-interview reflection, saying that applying to HBS should not be a writing contest .

OUR BUSINESS CASUAL PODCAST: The New HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL MBA Application:   Fortuna Admissions’ Caroline Diarte-Edwards and ApplicantLab’s Maria Wich-Vila join P&Q’s John A. Byrne to offer applicant advice on how to answer the new HBS essay prompts

DON’T MISS: 2024-2024 MBA APPLICATION DEADLINES or  HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL WILL NOW UPDATE ITS MBA ESSAY 

Questions about this article? Email us or leave a comment below.

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Statistical Quality Control in Business Production

Introduction

Statistical quality control (SQC) or statistical process control (SPC) refers to a group of analytical instruments and techniques used by process engineers to guarantee the quality of a process or product. Statistical quality control helps process managers to evaluate the quality of manufacturing course and solve emerging problems (Evans and Lindsay 34). Evans and Lindsay define statistical process control as “the use of statistical methods in monitoring and maintaining the quality of products and services” (30). The techniques of statistical quality control contribute significantly to analyzing the quality of a product or service.

There are three techniques of statistical quality control. They include “process control, acceptance sampling, and hybrid procedures” (Evans and Lindsay, 35). Statistical quality control is mostly applied to manufacturing processes. Statistical process control is aimed at monitoring the quality of a process and ensuring that it meets predefined standards (Mastrangelo, Runger, and Montgomery 204). Statistical quality control does not enhance an inadequately planned product’s dependability. Instead, it helps to preserve the uniformity of the procedure used to manufacture a product, and therefore guarantee the consistency of the manufactured goods.

The success of every company depends on the quality of the products or services it delivers. Hence, statistical process control is essential for all organizations. It not only helps to enhance the quality of products and services but also to establish a quality-driven culture. The primary objective of SQC is to guarantee, in a cost-efficient way, that the goods delivered to consumers are of the right quality (Mastrangelo, Runger, and Montgomery 205). Scrutinizing all goods is bungling and expensive. However, the effects of delivering faulty products can be severe. Therefore, statistical quality control enables manufacturers to improve the quality of the products, therefore enhancing their relationship with customers.

The inception of Statistical Quality Control

Quality control has been in existence for a long time. One would not be wrong to allege that quality control came as a result of competition in the business world. Customers buy goods based on their quality. They frequently evaluate the quality of comparable products before purchasing (Mastrangelo, Runger, and Montgomery 207). Therefore, whenever a company realizes that its products are not doing well in the market, it tries to improve its quality or lower the prices.

Companies strive to improve the quality of products as well as steps used to manufacture the goods. Today, there are institutions that are mandated with ensuring the quality of products and services offered to consumers (Mastrangelo, Runger, and Montgomery 207). Thus, quality control has been in existence since the era of the industrial revolution.

Conversely, statistical quality control is a relatively novel concept. The application of statistical approaches in product development dates back to only two centuries. However, it was during the 20 th century that most organizations started using statistical quality control to improve their operations (Mastrangelo, Runger, and Montgomery 208). Initially, statistical quality control was only applied in physics and astronomy. It was also sparingly used in social and biological sciences. Evans and Lindsay argue, “It was not until 1920s that statistical theory began to be used effectively to quality control as a result of the development of sampling theory” (61).

Walter Shewhart was the first scientist to use the lately discovered statistical approaches to handle issues of quality control. In 1924, Walter developed a draft of the contemporary control chart. He kept building on his draft, and in 1931, he wrote the first book on statistical quality control. The book led to the adoption of statistical methods in controlling and managing the quality of industrial processes. Later, Dodge and Romig used Walter’s ideas to come up with a way of using statistical theory to analyze samples. Their work gave birth to the modern use of statistical quality control to enhance industrial processes and improve the quality of goods and services.

Benefits of Statistical Quality Control

One of the benefits of statistical quality control to organizations is that it reduces the cost of inspections. Statistical process control uses sampling techniques that are cheap. Consequently, it not only reduces the cost of control but also the cost of production. As aforementioned, statistical control methods entail acceptance sampling that ensures companies use quality raw materials (Mastrangelo, Runger, and Montgomery 208).

Hence, it eliminates cases of organizations having to repeat an entire production process due to the use of inferior materials. Moreover, statistical quality control involves process management. Therefore, it enables workers to monitor production procedures and make necessary changes whenever they suspect that a process is not running as expected. Another benefit of statistical process control is that it boosts the profit of a company.

Statistical process control minimizes the rejection of products by enabling a company to manufacture standard goods (Evans and Lindsay 70). Consequently, it boosts a company’s sales volume, therefore adding to its profit. Every company manufactures products with the hope that it will sell them and make a profit. However, at times, companies do not make considerable sales due to competition and the quality of the products. Unlike in the past when customers considered the cost of goods before buying, today, customers go for quality. They prefer purchasing quality products at a high cost to buying inferior goods at low prices. Hence, they are discriminating when it comes to quality of products.

Statistical quality control enhances employee efficiency and creates quality consciousness within an organization. It instills the culture of excellence in workers (Evans and Lindsay 72). Therefore, they make sure that all manufacturing processes are discharged in line with designed quality specifications. In return, it enhances organizational efficiency by eradicating cases of defective operations. Moreover, statistical quality control improves employee commitment and boosts their productivity. Workers feel motivated when they engage in productive activities (Evans and Lindsay 70). Statistical process control minimizes defects and variations, thus reducing chances of process failure. The success of a production process motivates employees and saves a company from avoidable costs.

Another benefit of statistical quality control is that it builds the image of a company and improves customer relations. The utilization of statistical process control results in achievement of preset quality of the products. By extension, customers get the preferred quality of products. The goal of every customer is to get value for his/her money. Hence, they like to associate with enterprises that offer excellent products (Mastrangelo, Runger and Montgomery 209).

Statistical quality control augments the goodwill of a company among the consumers by boosting the quality of its products. Moreover, SQC ensures continuous and uninterrupted manufacture of products by avoiding the breakdown of machinery or interruption of production course. Statistical quality control helps in troubleshooting. Consequently, organizations are assured of unrestricted production.

Limitations of Statistical Quality Control

Statistical process control advocates timely discovery and deterrence of problems, therefore enabling organizations to manufacture quality products (Mastrangelo, Runger and Montgomery 210). Nevertheless, it is hard to implement in manufacturing setting since it requires a lot of time. Operators need adequate time to observe processes and complete flow charts. Statistical quality control is fitted in the production system of an organization.

Consequently, an organization needs time to train workers on how to use the system and also enlighten other staff members. Ultimately, statistical process control leads to some operations being delayed so as to give workers time to focus on training sessions. Implementation and sustenance of statistical quality control program is a costly venture. Many organizations do not have experienced workers. Hence, they are forced to hire consultants to train their personnel. Moreover, organizations are supposed to adjust their operations so as to accommodate SQC system (Mastrangelo, Runger and Montgomery 210).

The adjustments do not come without an extra cost. Once a statistical quality control program is integrated into a company’s production system, the company begins to produce a high number of rejects. The challenge continues for some time until all production processes are streamlined. The increase in the number of rejects amounts to losses and affects the company’s profit margin.

Statistical process control can only be utilized in a manufacturing setting that allows workers to appraise production line machinery for possible departure from process norms. Even though SQC enables operators to detect when a production process does not conform to predefine standards, it does not indicate the extent of nonconformity. Consequently, it is hard for engineers to understand the magnitude of defect of the products (Montgomery et al. 80).

Montgomery et al. allege, “Statistical quality control does not give an integer number for the out-of-tolerance dimensions of product pieces, which would require precise measurements” (81). Therefore, it is hard for operators to know the course and extent of corrections they need to make. Statistical quality control relies on the information that workers collect through flow charts. Operators have to monitor regularly a production line so as to obtain accurate data. Thus, implementation of SQC system comes as an extra responsibility for workers. On the other hand, information gathered through charts may affect co-operation between employees.

A high number of rejects may lead to employers thinking that workers are unable to handle their assignments. Moreover, it may lead to some employees feeling demoralized and lacking confidence about their jobs. The management should enlighten workers on the role of statistical quality control to avoid mistrust. Failure to expound on the role and benefits of SPC may make some operators refrain from reporting errors (Montgomery et al. 83). As a result, an organization may incur avoidable costs.

Principles of Statistical Process Control

In manufacturing context, statistical quality control is based on the principle that the management of quality enhances production of salable products. Industries manufacture products with the sole purpose of selling them. Consequently, they endeavor to make products that are appealing to customers. Industries achieve this by ensuring that they monitor and control production processes to guarantee quality products. Hence, operation managers believe that statistical process control have the capacity to improve the sales volume of a company since it facilitates production of superior goods (Montgomery et al. 85).

Moreover, statistical quality control is governed by the belief that it lowers production costs and improves distribution. Institutions maintain that control of quality decreases production costs. Statistical process control enables companies to consider quality when designing products and processes. Besides, it allows organizations to identify potential challenges before a production process commences. Hence, it not only helps to avoid cases of process disruptions, but also costs associated with poor products. Although production operations observe high standards of quality, machines habitually wear out, workers make blunders, and acquired materials have deficiencies (Montgomery et al. 87).

These factors can lead to a company manufacturing inferior products. Fortunately, statistical quality control comes in handy in case of such challenges. It enables operators to make adjustments to a production process, therefore enhancing the quality of the final products.

A company cannot enhance the quality of its products after a production process is over. Therefore, statistical quality control is governed by the principle that an organization should ensure that a production process conforms to products’ design specifications. Companies should avoid using non-conforming materials to manufacture products (Montgomery et al. 88). Sorting of finished products does not enhance conformity (Oakland 111). Therefore, it is imperative to use appropriate production process and materials.

Statistical process control should be aligned to the circumstances at hand. To achieve this, organizations have to observe certain basic principles of statistical quality control. First, organizations should recognize that inconsistency is present in every rhythmic procedure. Statistical quality control enables organizational leaders to establish the nature of the possible or predictable variance of a system (Oakland 114). Therefore, it helps leaders to separate disproportionate differences that are as a result of unavoidable causes from those that are as a result of avoidable causes. The causes may then be analyzed and used to correct or streamline an operation. In other words, statistical quality control helps management to enhance the efficiency of subsequent processes by eliminating assignable causes and trying to overcome unassignable causes.

Another assumption that governs statistical process control is that it is hard for a production procedure to manufacture goods that “remain consistently within their range of chance variation” (Oakland 116). For a company to produce uniform products, it has to apply statistical quality control techniques. Therefore, champions of statistical quality control maintain that it contributes to the quality and consistency of products. In addition, there is the opinion that quality should be ingrained into a product.

Quality assurance specialists believe that inspection cannot add quality to a product. Hence, they advocate the use of statistical quality control techniques in the initial stages of a production process to guarantee that a process focuses on quality. The specialists maintain that it is not the quantity of a product that matters, but the quality. Statistical quality control is based on the opinion that operations cannot be efficient without of quality control. Hence, it enhances organizational efficiency.

Statistical Quality Control Techniques

Process control.

The foundation of process control is the assumption that all manufacturing processes are vulnerable to a certain degree of deviation because of inevitable grounds that are referred to as chance variations. Qin claims “When fluctuations in the measurements are within the range of chance variation, the process is said to be in a state of statistical control” (481). Such process exhibits a singular mode that is symmetrical or relatively skewed. A distribution of this kind of a process can be distinguished by computing its variance and mean. Moreover, it can be identified using other measures of dispersion.

The process remains in a state of statistical control as long as no assignable causes disturb it. However, when vital assignable causes work to upset the process, measurements show excessively significant variations from the mean of observations (Qin 483). The control chart indicates these deviations by showing points that fall beyond the control borders. Production managers should determine the assignable causes and address them accordingly. The idea of control charts is widely used in mechanical processes. Control charts help to ensure that mechanical processes run within the established control. In case a process is found to be out of control, plant managers use control charts to make necessary adjustments and restore a process back to a level of statistical control.

A machine may be considered to have a “natural degree” of inaccuracy within boundaries at which it can run processes and produce desirable results (Qin 483). Therefore, the machine is said to be out of control if the magnitude of its error is beyond the established limits. In most cases, the limits of an error are determined based on the nature of a mechanical process. Hence, a process is monitored regularly to ensure that it runs within the set boundaries. Whenever the mechanical process is found to deviate from the established controls, necessary steps are taken to bring into control the mechanical process. Mostly, supervisors replace a machine with one that can run a process within the established statistical controls.

Acceptance Sampling

The characteristics of acceptance sampling are determined using two curves. The curves are “average outgoing quality (AOQ) curve and the operating characteristic (OC) curve” (Qin 484). Three variables are used to determine the OC curve of a single sampling plan. The variables are the sample size, the work lot size, and the acceptance number. Spots on the operating characteristic curve stand for coordinates of the likelihood of acceptance and the actual fraction error.

If the lot size is smaller than the sample size, the former has an impact on the nature of the operating characteristic curve. Besides, it affects the method of sampling from a limited sample. In most cases, the sample size is always smaller than the lot size. Hence, the sampling technique does not have significant impacts on the operating characteristic curve. Increasing the sample size enhances the ability to differentiate between good and bad producers or lots. However, it comes at an increased cost.

The average outgoing quality curve is used to evaluate the quality of a process. The curve has two variables, which are incoming and outgoing percent defectives. For a quality process, the incoming and outgoing class echelons are almost identical. It arises due to the limited number of lots in a sample that exhibit numerous defectives. In the industrial setting, acceptance sampling entails randomly analyzing multiple items from a batch or lot in order to determine whether to use the batch or discard it entirely (Qin 485).

Acceptance sampling is conducted to determine the level of incompetence of industrial materials. Qin alleges, “The distinction between statistical process control and sampling acceptance is that the latter is performed prior or after the process” (485). Acceptance sampling has no benefit if done during a process. The acceptance sampling performed before a process entails sorting and analyzing raw materials obtained from suppliers.

For instance, it may involve sampling metal castings to be used in factory or bales of clothes to be sold in a supermarket. On the other hand, the sampling conducted after a process entails randomly examining finished goods before they are introduced into the market (Qin 487). For instance, in a computer manufacturing plant, staff members may sample numerous machines from a batch to guarantee that they work as expected.

Hybrid Procedures

In a manufacturing setting, inspection of mechanical processes benefits from both acceptance sampling and process control. Hence, “the procedures are of a hybrid type in which there are both process control limits and lot rejection limits” (Stuart, Mullins and Drew 204). When a process that is being executed by a machine deviates from statistical control, supervisors conduct a random test of the things in the work lot. The procedure of testing and adjusting work lots, essentially within the boundaries of acceptance sampling, runs in spite of whether the industrial process follows the established statistical control or not. When results produced by an industrial process are outside the control limits, necessary steps are taken to determine the origin of the problem and restore the process to the correct statistical control.

Errors and defects that emanate from an industrial process affect the period and cost of a process. Moreover, they affect the quality of the final products. Unfortunately, it is hard to detect all the defects or errors. Therefore, process supervisors use intuitions and judgments to come up with statistical quality control measures (Stuart, Mullins and Drew 205). The supervisors have to specify the anticipated levels of quality and use statistical theory to make their judgments. Statistical theory helps supervisors to determine if a process meets the desired control level. In case it does not, they use analysis to make adjustments.

Process supervisors choose and evaluate statistical process control plans based on their costs and the ability to distinguish between “acceptable and unacceptable work lots or between the creators of these lots” (Woodall 345). If the prevalence of the producers and lots are satisfactory, the supervisors use sample verification to determine the principal cost. Otherwise, they compute the primary value using the measures adopted to enhance outgoing quality. In most cases, supervisors emphasize on process control as a way to guarantee the quality of the final results. They prefer preventing defects to correcting them. Consequently, most statistical quality control measures are designed to ensure that industrial processes run within the desired guidelines.

Tools for Statistical Quality Control

There are seven basic tools used in statistical process control. They include the histogram, cause and effect diagram, Pareto chart, control chart, defect concentration diagram, check sheet, and scatter diagram.

Pareto Chart

The Pareto chart is used to demonstrate different sets of problems graphically in order for operators to come up with a prioritization schedule. There are numerous varied features of a production process or system that require improvement. They include cost savings, time allotment, and number of faulty products among others. Each element constitutes numerous minute challenges, making it hard for operators to decide how to handle the problem. Stuart, Mullins, and Drew argue, “A Pareto chart or diagram indicates which problem to tackle first by showing the proportion of the total problem that each of the smaller problems comprise” (206).

Therefore, it enables operators to make a quick and informed decision when dealing with production challenges. A Pareto chart contains vertical bar graphs that arrange problems in an ascending order based on their importance. The tallest bar graph represents the most significant problems, and production operators ought to start by addressing these challenges. Nevertheless, it is import for operators first to determine the problems that might derail a company’s long-term goals. At times, the issues ranked in the tallest bar graph may not have adverse effects on long-term goals of an organization.

Check Sheet

Check sheets refer to charts used to collect data for a quality control program. If check sheets are prepared modestly and accurately, they assist operators to collect precise and relevant data. Moreover, the gathered information is decipherable and applicable (Stuart, Mullins and Drew 209). To ensure the accuracy of collected data, check sheets are supposed to be used by production line operators. Information obtained from check sheets is used to create histograms, which shows the effectiveness of a production procedure.

Quality control experts use the information gathered through check sheets to create histograms. A histogram is a pictorial representation, which shows the outcome of a process. Alternatively, a histogram may depict the deviation of a product or production course. A bell-shaped curve indicates that a process or product does not deviate from the intended specifications (Woodall 347). The histogram allows workers to analyze and monitor what is taking place in a production process, therefore initiating necessary changes where they realize that the process is deviating from the set controls. A histogram has numerous benefits to process managers.

First, it helps managers to determine the reason a process or product deviates from the desired conditions (Woodall 347). Second, process managers can use a histogram to determine if a production course will yield the desired results. In case they notice any variation, they can take the necessary steps to return a process back to the defined statistical control. Finally, a histogram gives information about the improvements that a process needs so as to meet specifications. Hence, it improves efficiency since process managers do not spend a lot of time to analyze a process and decide on the necessary improvements.

Control Chart

Organizations do not achieve constant results in a majority of the processes (Woodall 349). There always have to be variations whenever the operations are repeated. Variability or fluctuation is an unavoidable feature of all processes and is projected to occur naturally as a result of diverse chance events. Nevertheless, a deviation that lies outside a steady model may be a sign that the process is not running in a reliable way. Control charts help production managers to detect processes that are out of control. The charts are designed to show the standard pattern that a process is expected to follow. Any point that lies either below or above the control path indicates that a process is out of control. Control charts help production line operators to expose variations and deviant fluctuations. Therefore, they help an organization to deal with the variation so as to minimize operation costs and maximize profit. The charts show the limits within which a process is expected to yield positive results.

Cause and Effect Diagram

The cause and effect diagrams are also referred to as fishbone diagram. They are used to “display the relationships between different causes for the effect that is being examined” (Qin 491). They facilitate preparation of a brainstorming process. Cause and effect diagram helps process engineers to recognize the numerous components of a problem. It enables the production line workers to understand how people, equipment, procedures, and raw materials influence the success of a process. The cause and effect diagram is an essential tool for determining the possible cause of a problem facing a production process. It brings together workers with diverse skills and enables them to dissect a process in a bid to determine the cause of the problem.

Scatter Diagram

Scatter diagram is another statistical quality control instrument that is used to analyze processes. Another name for scatter diagrams is correlation charts. They help production workers to find out the cause of variations in manufacturing processes. A scatter diagram comprises two variables plotted against each other on a Cartesian plane (Qin 497). Production workers use a scatter diagram to determine the correlation between different variables involved in a production process. Workers use information gathered through scatter diagrams to adjust variables that inhibit or alter the production course.

Defect Concentration Diagram

A defect concentration diagram comprises the image of a product. It displays all views of a product. The different forms of defects are then pinpointed on the image. In most cases, production workers use the image to determine the cause of errors (Woodall 157). They use information such as the position of the defect to figure out its cause. Defect concentration diagrams help organizations to determine the exact cause of the flaw, therefore rectifying the source of the problem rather than overhauling an entire process.

Statistical process control refers to a set of statistical techniques and instruments that specialists utilize to enhance the quality of products or processes. Statistical quality control enables production operators to examine the quality of a manufacturing process and address emerging variations. The idea of statistical process control is relatively new among the manufacturing companies. Formerly, statistical process control was used in physics and astronomy.

Today, many organizations use SPC to enhance the quality of their products or services. Indeed, statistical quality control has tremendous benefits to both manufacturing and service industries. One of the advantages of statistical process control is that it minimizes inspection costs. Moreover, it improves employee commitment and instills a culture of quality consciousness. On the other hand, statistical process control may stall employee involvement if not well managed.

Employers may interpret a high number of defective products or processes as a sign of negligence on the side of employees. Consequently, statistical process control may lead to employees losing confidence in their skills, and therefore being unable to handle assignments. In a manufacturing context, statistical quality control is based on the view that quality control guarantees production of salable products. Moreover, it is based on the belief that the quality of the products is more important than the quantity. The techniques used to control the quality of products or processes include acceptance sampling, process control, and hybrid procedure.

The three techniques enable operators to monitor and adjust production processes to meet the desired specifications. In addition, numerous statistical instruments are used to determine the causes of variations in processes and solve them.

Works Cited

Evans, James, and W. Lindsay. The Management and Control of Quality , New York: West Publishing Company, 2012. Print.

Mastrangelo, Christian, George Runger and Douglas Montgomery. “Statistical Process Monitoring with Principal Components.” Quality and Reliability Engineering International 12.3 (1996): 203-210. Print.

Montgomery, Douglas, Dert Keats, George Runger and William Messina. “Integrating Statistical Process Control and Engineering Process Control.” Journal of Quality Technology 26.2 (2007): 79-88. Print.

Oakland, John. Statistical Process Control , Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008. Print.

Qin, Joe. “Statistical Process Monitoring: Basic and Beyond.” Journal of Chemometrics 17.9 (2003): 480-502. Print.

Stuart, Michael, Wamonn Mullins and Eileen Drew. “Statistical Quality Control and Improvement.” European Journal of Operational Research 88.2 (2007): 203-214. Print.

Woodall, William. “Controversies and Contradictions in Statistical Process Control.” Journal of Quality Technology 32.4 (2000): 341-350. Print.

Woodall, William. “The Statistical Design of Quality Control Charts.” The Statistician 34.2 (2004): 155-160. Print.

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Ukraine needs to stop fighting the war Russia wants

• Ukraine is trapped in a strategy that favors Russia, a Ukrainian security expert argues.
• Without a grand strategy for victory, the most that Ukraine can do is try to hold on.
• "The lack of a strategy for victory will turn this war into a war of attrition," Oleksandr Danylyuk told BI.

Ukraine is caught in a strategic trap. It barely has the strength to keep Russia from making major advances, yet it is not strong enough to eject Russian forces from the territory it held prior to the 2022 invasion. The result is a war of attrition that Ukraine can't win.

The solution? Build up Ukrainian military power and compel Russia to agree to peace, argues a Ukrainian security expert. But that can't happen unless Ukraine devises a grand strategy that extends beyond mere survival that's characterized much of the war in 2024 as Russia exploited the long delay of US arms support.

"The lack of a strategy for victory will turn this war into a war of attrition for Ukraine, which completely coincides with Russian interests," Oleksandr Danylyuk told Business Insider.

Danylyuk dismisses the notion that even with Western aid, Ukraine can match Russia in the sheer numbers of military power like tanks, artillery and troops. "Trying to win a war with Russia at the expense of only a symmetrical mass increase is a flawed strategy, given that Russia has a larger number of [military-age] human reserves (about 30 million people in Russia, compared to about 8 million people in Ukraine), significant stockpiles of weapons and military equipment inherited from the USSR or built by 2022, as well as a developed defense-industrial complex and a powerful mining industry that satisfies its needs for a significant amount of strategic materials," he wrote in an essay for the Royal United Services Institute, a British think tank.

That leaves improving the quality of Ukraine's military. But this involves more than better weapons and tactics. Danylyuk argues that political mobilization is just as important, a view that seems reminiscent of the 19th Century German military philosopher Carl von Clausewitz, who envisioned a nation's war effort as a trinity comprised of the people, government and military.

"The political effectiveness of a military organization consists of its ability to receive financial support, the provision of weapons and military equipment, and the replenishment of human forces in the volume and quality necessary to eliminate existing threats," Danylyuk wrote. However, "the political effectiveness of the [Armed Forces of Ukraine] remains insufficient, as Ukraine's defense needs are currently only partially met."

Danylyuk blames Western restrictions on the types of weapons being supplied, and how they can be used. The US and Europe have long imposed restraints on using long-range weapons, such as ATACMS long-range guided rockets , to hit targets deep inside Russia. Only recently has the Biden administration begun to relax that policy . Easy victories with Western weapons have failed to materialize as the war has dug in. It's also clear that even with robust EU and US support, Ukraine is still at a disadvantage against the Russian war machine in a years-long fight.

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Danylyuk also worries that political divergences between Ukraine and its allies are undermining Ukrainian military effectiveness. Ukraine's current government wants to liberate all occupied territory, which is "undeniably fair and rational, but it ignores the fact that the liberation of territory does not necessarily mean the end of the war," he wrote. On the other hand, US and European desires for a negotiated settlement "will be viewed by Russia as a tactical respite which can be used to restore and build capabilities and plan a new phase of aggression."

In other words, Russia could exploit a peace deal to rebuild its battered forces before launching another invasion of Ukrainian lands.

The result is that the Ukrainian military isn't sure what kind of war to prepare for. "The AFU are in an extremely difficult situation, as the political leaderships of both Ukraine and its partner countries see these goals in different ways, which negatively affects the ability of the AFU to develop and implement a military strategy aimed at achieving them," wrote Danylyuk.

Without a grand strategy for victory, the most that Ukraine can do is hold its own, Danylyuk told Business Insider. "The planning of individual operations, the assessment and provision of the needs of the AFU, the development of training programs and preparation, and the introduction of new tactical techniques can at best support Ukraine's ability to conduct the war, but not to win it."

There are too many competing visions of Ukrainian victory, he argues. These include retaking all lost Ukrainian territory, threatening Russia's hold on Crimea to force it into negotiations, punishing Russian industry and exports to try to force Russians to reconsider the war's costs, or exacting such a heavy toll that Russian leaders are compelled to withdraw similar to the Soviet pullout from Afghanistan.

Danylyuk does fault Ukraine for some military mistakes, such as failure to adequately prepare and train for the failed counteroffensive against well-entrenched Russian forces in summer 2023. But he considers tactical improvements to be at the bottom of Ukraine's to-do list.

The West can boost Ukrainian military power by focusing on weapons that have already proven devastating against Russian vulnerabilities, according to Danylyuk. This includes cheap naval drones that have sunk numerous Russian warships and driven Russia's Black Sea Fleet from the Ukrainian coast, as well as giving Ukraine more Western aircraft and air-to-air missiles to contest Russian airpower.

Interestingly, Danylyuk blames the West for failing to adapt its equipment to the lessons of the Ukraine war. "This concerns, first of all, their ability to quickly improve military equipment not only because Ukraine needs it, but also because the security of the partners themselves depends on its improvement. The current pace of this improvement is completely unsatisfactory, and the approaches to identifying and eliminating the shortcomings of such systems require a complete revision."

Danylyuk's analysis does leave some questions unanswered. For example, as the Germans discovered on the Eastern Front in World War II, quality doesn't always triumph over quantity. And as Ukraine's failed 2023 counteroffensive demonstrated, achieving decisive battlefield success is no easy matter . With Russian society mobilized for total war, and with Moscow able to procure resources from allies such as China, North Korea and Iran, Russia's ability to wage a long war is considerable.

Also, choosing a grand strategy is easier said than done. For example, the Ukrainian government vows to liberate all occupied territory, including the Crimean peninsula and eastern Ukraine which Russia has annexed. Some critics say this is unrealistic, and Ukraine will have to accept some loss of territory.

Whatever strategy Kyiv chooses, Danylyuk argues, it can't be the status quo.

Michael Peck is a defense writer whose work has appeared in Forbes, Defense News, Foreign Policy magazine, and other publications. He holds an MA in political science from Rutgers Univ. Follow him on Twitter and LinkedIn .

Watch: What's next for the war in Ukraine?

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THE development of the new energy industry is crucial for the future of planet Earth. It is important to promote the emergence of high-quality production capacity through fair competition in the industry and enhance global development momentum through open cooperation. Fair competition is the fundamental principle of a market economy. It is precisely through sufficient market competition that China’s new energy industry has forged international competitiveness. Chinese new energy companies continuously optimize production processes, improve production efficiency, and promote technological innovation, consistently offering high-quality products at more competitive prices. China ranks among the top globally in terms of the number of patent applications in areas such as new energy vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, and photovoltaic products. Many multinational companies have realized that the fiercely competitive and innovative Chinese market is a “well-equipped gym,” and they have successively established new energy research and production bases in China to promote industry upgrading and overall development progress. Maintaining fair competition is the best way to enhance consumer welfare. Sufficient market competition drives companies to offer high-quality products that better meet market demands at more favorable prices, resulting in maximum benefits for consumers. In recent years, facing intense market competition, Chinese new energy vehicle companies have continuously introduced new models covering different price ranges and catering to diverse consumer needs, providing consumers with more quality choices. Chinese photovoltaic companies have launched products such as large-scale photovoltaic power stations and residential rooftop photovoltaic systems, enhancing the diversity of products and application scenarios. These efforts have significantly increased the market penetration of new energy products, benefiting consumers. Only through fair competition can green and low-carbon transformation be promoted globally. To achieve sustainable development, it is essential to have high-quality production capacity as the foundation. Chinese new energy enterprises have actively engaged in international cooperation, helping more and more developing countries embrace green development, as indicated by the De Aar wind power project in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa, a photovoltaic power plant in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh, the Chinese-manufactured electric buses running in Mexico City, and Chinese companies investing in and constructing new energy vehicle and power battery factories in Hungary. Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency, pointed out that China’s provision of relevant services and support to other countries has significantly improved the accessibility of clean energy technologies and reduced the cost of using green technologies globally. Protectionism goes against the principle of fair competition. It not only fails to protect domestic industries but also distorts the international market, hampers resource allocation efficiency, and hinders the development of the new energy industry around the world. Currently, the world is at a critical moment of transitioning from old to new growth drivers. Adopting protectionist measures for emerging industries like new energy would result in global resource waste and efficiency losses, impacting the sustainable growth of the global economy and limiting or even stifling incremental opportunities. The international community should collectively oppose protectionism, and properly address differences according to market economy principles and WTO rules, so as to create a favorable international environment for the healthy development of the global new energy industry. Upholding fair competition does not mean that the government has no role to play. In history, developed countries have successfully achieved industrial upgrading, not only because of the role of the market, but also because of the guidance and support of industrial policies introduced by their respective governments. Since joining the WTO, China has earnestly complied with subsidy-related rules and promoted the development and growth of its production capacity under market economy conditions. The continuous emergence of high-quality new energy capacity in China today is a result of the effective collaboration between a functioning market and an active government. When governments guide the development of their own new energy industries, the key is to not violate international rules, exclude competition from other countries through industrial policies, or maliciously suppress the industrial development of other countries. What the world needs is environmental protection, not protectionism against green products. The new energy industry is a promising sector that empowers global development and creates a greener future. The optimal solution to promote the development of the industry and achieve mutual benefits is through fair competition and open cooperation. Protectionism will only lead the global green transition to a dead end. In the future, countries should adopt an open mindset, uphold fair competition, and promote mutually beneficial cooperation. Together, they should strive to build a global market that is competitive, efficient, expansive, innovative, and highly interconnected. This will create new opportunities for the development of the new energy industry and provide a favorable environment for the long-term growth of businesses in all countries.

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