class 8 geography chapter 2 assignment

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

October 2, 2019 by phani

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Ncert Textbook Questions Solved

Question 1. Answer the following questions. (i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation? (ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today. (iii) Why is land considered an important resource? (iv) Name any two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals. (v) Suggest three ways to conserve water. Answer. (i) Temperature and rainfall are two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation. Rainfall contributes in breaking the rocks by applying pressure. Temperature fluctuations between hot and cold also form cracks in the rocks.

(ii) Reasons for land degradation are:

• Ever-growing demand of the growing population
• Destruction of forest‘cover

(iii) Land is an important resource because it provides surface for agriculture, living, forestry, industries, construction, etc. Most activities take place on land.

(iv) Steps taken by the government include establishment of natural parks and wildlife sanctuaries in different parts of India. Their purpose is conservation of vegetation and wildlife, respectively.

(v) Three ways to conserve water are as under:

• Rainwater harvesting: It is a method of collecting water while it rains so that it may come of use in the future.
• The canals used for irrigation should be properly built so that loss of water does not take place while the water is transported to the field.
• In dry regions, drip or trickle irrigation is suggested.

Question 2. Tick the correct answer. (i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation? (a) time (b) soil texture (c) organic matter

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes? (a) shelter belts (b) mulching (c) terrace cultivation

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature? (a) switch off the bulb when not in use (b) close the tap immediately after using (c) dispose polypacks after shopping Answer. (i) (b), (ii) (c), (iii) (c).

Question 4. State whether the given statement is true or false. If true, write the reasons.

• Ganga-Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.
• Water availability per person in India is declining.
• Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping.
• Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Exercise Questions

Question 1. Multiple Choice Questions Choose the correct option. (i) Which of these resources covers about three-fourths of the total surface of earth? (a) land (b) soil (c) air (d) water

(ii) What are low-lying areas very susceptible to? (a) earthquakes (b) landslides (c) flooding (d) tsunamis

(iii) Which of these physical features are best suited for living? (a) plains and river valleys (b) mountains (c) deserts (d) lakes and rivers

(iv) Which of these is example of community land? (a) the Sunderban forests (b) a bungalow (c) the Parliament House (d) none of these

(v) What is the majority of land in India used for? (a) cultivation (b) pasture (c) forests (d) none of these

(vi) Which of these countries is mainly covered with forest land? (a) India (b) Brazil (c) USA (d) both b and c

( vii) Due to what feature is ocean water unfit for human consumption? (a) poisonous (b) salinity (c) water temperature (d) none of these Answer: (i)(d), (ii)(c), (iii)(a), (iv)(a), (v)(a), (vi)(d), (vii)(b).

Question 2. Fill in the blank spaces given to complete each sentence.

• The percentage of fresh water on …………..
• The process responsible for soil formation is called ……………
• Private land is owned‘by a fan ………………
• The grainy layer on land is called …………….
• Soil becomes fertile due to the right mix of …………… and ……….
• The colour, texture, etc of soil is determined by ……………….
• Climate factors influencing rate of weathering include and …………….
• ………….. is the growing of different crops in alternate rows.
• 70% of fresh water exists as ……………..
• weathering,
• minerals, organic matter
• parent rock
• rainfall, temperature
• intercropping
• ice sheets.

Question 3. State whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).

• The land has similar features all over the surface of the earth.
• Plains and valleys are densely populated because of soil fertility.
• Population and technology are important factors that determine land use pattern.
• The growing population is not a cause of soil erosion.
• Topography and organic material affect the soil composition of soil.
• Time affects the rate of humus formation during the process of soil formation.
• The earth is called the water planet because of the large amount of water available over it.
• Africa and West Asia are areas facing serious water scarcity.
• Forest and other vegetation promote surface run-off.
• The convention, CITES, lists species which should not be traded.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What are the possible reasons behind the uneven distribution of population around the world? Answer. The reasons behind uneven population distribution are mainly the varied conditions of land and climate.

Question 2. Give three common forms of land use. Answer. Three common land use forms are: (i) As cropland, (ii) Pasture, (iii) Forests.

Question 3. What human factors determine land use pattern? Answer. Human factors affecting land use pattern are population and technology.

Question 4. Define soil. Answer. The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil.

Question 5. What is required to make soil fertile? Answer. The right mix of minerals and organic matter is needed to make soil fertile.

Question 6. What is parent rock? Answer. The rock from which soil is derived is called parent rock.

Question 7. What are the factors threatening soil as a resource? Answer. Two factors that threaten soil as a resource are soil erosion and its depletion.

Question 8. What method of soil conservation may be used in coastal and dry reqions? Answer. Shelter belts are used to protect the soil in coastal and dry regions.

Question 9. Why is the earth called the “water planet”? Answer. The earth’s surface has about three- fourths water, so it is called “water planet”.

Question 10. In what forms is fresh water found on the earth? Answer. Fresh water is found in the forms of groundwater, water in rivers and lakes, and water vapour.

Question 11 . What is the name given to the process involved in rain formation? Answer. The process involved in the formation of rain is called “water cycle”.

Question 12. Name some regions of water scarcity in the world. Answer. Africa, West Asia, South Asia, parts of western USA, northwest Mexico, parts of South America, and Australia face water scarcity.

Question 13. Name a method to save surface run-off. Answer. Water harvesting is a method to save surface run-off.

Question 14. How is a bird like vulture important for the ecosystem? Answer. A vulture feeds on dead livestock and so it cleanses the environment.

Question 15. What is the distinguishing feature between evergreen and deciduous forests? Answer. Evergreen forests never shed their leaves whereas deciduous forests shed their leaves once a year.

Question 16. What is the Vanamahotsava? Answer. The social programme of planting trees, organized at the community level is called vanamahotsava.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. How is land being degraded? Suggest methods to conserve land resource. Answer. The ever-growing population has increased demand for living space, due to which forests are being destroyed, thus causing land degradation. The rate of degradation of land resources can be checked by promoting afforestation, land reclamation, regulated use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and checking to overgraze.

Question 2. What is weathering? Answer. Weathering refers to the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks. This breaking up and decay are caused by temperature fluctuations between too high and too low, frost action, plants, animals, and even human activity. Weathering is the major process involved in the formation of soil. It takes millions of years to form soil by this process.

Question 3. How is water an important resource? Answer. Water is an indispensable resource of life. Firstly water serves the most basic purpose of drinking, without which life is impossible. It is helpful in cleaning our bodies, clothes, and utensils. Farmers depend on water for irrigation. Water is also used in cooking food. Water is a source of electricity as well. Plants require water for their growth. Water is required for various industrial purposes in factories.

Question 4. Write a short note on wildlife. Answer. The animal kingdom, which consists of animals, birds, aquatic creatures and insects, is called wildlife. These creatures provide us various important products such as milk, meat, hides, and wool. Bees give us honey and help in pollination. They play the role of decomposers in the environment. Birds like the vulture are scavengers and they help in cleansing the environment. All forms of wildlife are an integral part of our ecosystem.

Question 5. What are the major types of vegetation in the world? Describe vegetation in different rainfall conditions. Answer. The major types of vegetation in the world are grouped as forests, grasslands, scrubs and tundra.” In areas of heavy rain, huge trees can be found. Forests are abundant in areas of heavy rainfall. With moisture and rainfall the density of forests declines. In moderate rainfall areas, grasslands are found. In diy areas, we find thorny shrubs and scrubs. Plants here have deep roots and leaves have thorny surface to reduce loss of moisture. The tundra vegetation consists of mosses and lichens.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Describe methods of soil conservation. Answer. Some common methods of soil conservation are mentioned below: Mulching. Mulching is the process of covering the bare ground between plants with a layer of organic matter like straw. It contributes in retaining soil moisture.

Terrace Farming. Terrace farming is the method of farming in which broad flat steps or terraces are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops 4 They reduce run-off and soil erosion. Intercropping. In intercropping, different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from being washed away by rain. Contour Ploughing. Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down a slope is called contour ploughing.

Shelter Belts. Rows of trees that are planted in certain areas to check wind movement are called shelter belts. Contour Barriers. Stones, grass, and soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect water. Rock Dams. This prevents gullies and further soil loss since rocks are piled up to slow down the flow of water. Q.2. What is the threat to vegetation and wildlife? What is the need to conserve them? How can we do this? [V. Imp.] Ans. Forests and wildlife are an important resource. Climate change and human interferences in the animal kingdom can cause loss of natural habitat for plants and animals. Certain species have become endangered and many have become extinct now.

Poaching incidents contribute to their extinction. Plants and animals are an important part of the ecosystem. Plants provide food, oxygen and shelter to humans and animals. Animals provide us important products such as milk, meat, honey, etc. There exists a balance in the environment if we do not disturb the natural number of species living on the earth. A single extinction can affect the ecosystem badly. So animals and plants obviously need to be conserved. The government has introduced national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves for this purpose. Poaching should be severely dealt with. Indiscriminate killings need to be discouraged. Social awareness must be created about the importance of trees, social forestry. Students should be involved in vanamahotsavas at regional and community levels.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

Find here the ncert solutions for the latest edition of class 8 geography textbook. answers to all questions of chapter 2 are provided here in pdf format..

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 - Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources are very helpful for completing your homework assignments and preparing for your exams. We have provided here precise and comprehensive answers to all questions given in Chapter 2 of the latest edition of Class 8 Geography Textbook . We suggest you follow the latest NCERT book and solutions as some content and questions have been altered in the new textbook. You can download all the question and answers for chapter - Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources from here in PDF format.

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?

Temperature and rainfall are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation. Both these factors promote weathering, that is, breaking down of rocks.

(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.

• Large scale destruction of forest cover 
• Excessive use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers in agricultural lands

(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?

Land is considered an important resource because it can be used for various purposes like agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. It also serves as a habitat for a variety of flora and fauna.

(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.

• Establishment of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves to protect our natural vegetation and wildlife. For example, Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand.
• Putting a ban on killing of lions, tigers, deer, great Indian bustards and peacocks.

(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.

• Rain-water harvesting system should be used to collect the rain water and store it for future use.
• The canals used for irrigating fields should be properly lined to minimise losses by water seepage.
• Afforestation should be promoted to slow the surface runoff and replenish the ground water.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation?

(b) Soil texture

(c) Organic matter

Answer: (b) Soil texture

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?

(a) Shelter belts

(b) Mulching

(c) Terrace cultivation

Answer: (c) Terrace cultivation

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature?

(a) Switch off the bulb when not in use

(b) Close the tap immediately after using

(c) Dispose polypacks after shopping 

Answer: (c) Dispose polypacks after shopping

Also check other NCERT articles for Class 8:

NCERT Textbook for Class 8 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths

NCERT Textbook for Class 8 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science

4. State whether the given statements are true or false. If true, write the reasons.

(i) Ganga-Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.

(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining.

(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping.

(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.

(i) True, Plains and river valleys offer suitable land for agriculture. Hence, these areas are densely populated.

(ii) True, Due to the ever increasing population, wastage of water, pollution of water bodies, deforestation, there is a rapid decrease in the availability of water.

(iii) False, Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement are called shelter belts whereas intercropping is the process in which different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash.

(iv) False, Human interferences and climatic changes adversely affect the ecosystem.

To get NCERT Solutions for all Chapters of Class 8 Social Science, go to the following link:

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Arinjay Academy » Geography » NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 – Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources (Social Science), contains solutions to various questions in Exercise for Chapter 2. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science  help to check the concept you have learnt from detailed classroom sessions and application of your knowledge.

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?

Answer – The two main climatic factors responsible for the formation of soils are: Temperature and Rainfall.

(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.

Answer – Land degradation is a global problem occurring today mainly due to the following two reasons:

• Deforestation: this is the unjust way of chopping trees which leads to the loss of soil and biodiversity loss. Deforestation degrades the quality of land to a large extent
• Over grazing: Due to the shortage of grasslands, most cattle, sheep, goats are left to graze on the same fields year after year thereby, loosening the binding property of soil and the moisture content within the soil is also lost. Thus the alkaline and acidity increases or reduces at a vast rate, depleting the quality of land.

(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?

Answer – Land is considered as an important resource as all the activities of man and the terrestrial nimals occur upon the land itself. People build their homes on the land, cultivate and plough the fields on the land. Give birth and move across one place to another on land. Most minerals are found on the land itself. Thus land is a very important resource.

(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.

Answer – The government has taken many steps to conserve plants animals such as:

• Claiming forests as biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries- this reduces the risk of poaching and deforestation practices
• Awareness programmes like social forestry and Vanamohatasava are other initiatives taken by the government.

(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.

Answer – Some of the ways to conserve water are:

• Rain-water harvesting: this is a practice where people can store the rain aterin an eco friendly environment so that this natural resource which otherwise would have flowed to the rivers remains stored in the tanks or wells
• Building of earthen dams: Earthen dams are easy to build with stones and mud. This helps to store the water from flowing away.
• Recycling the water: By reducing the amount of water which goes to waste, we can recycle and reuse water in kitchens or for washing and irrigation purposes.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 – Land,Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation? (a) time (b) soil texture (c) organic matter

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes? (a) shelter belts (b) mulching (c) terrace cultivation

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature? (a) switch off the bulb when not in use (b) close the tap immediately after using (c) dispose polypacks after shopping

3. Match the followings :

4. State whether the given statement is true or false. If true, write the reasons.

(i) Ganga–Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.   TRUE, The Ganga Brahmaputra plain is a flat and fertile land which supports a huge number of people. The cultivation of paddy, wheat, maize, jowar, sugarcane is easily practiced here. There are many tributaries draining the region which further helps derive water for various purposes.

(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining. True, this is mostly due to the increase in population India is experiencing. The amount of fresh water available is declining as most water is getting polluted and fresh water is scarce.

(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping. False

(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem: False.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography (Social Science)

• Chapter 1 – Resources
• Chapter 2 – Land,Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 3 – Mineral and Power Resources
• Chapter 4 – Agriculture
• Chapter 5 – Industries
• Chapter 6 – Human Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 8

Cbse notes for class 8, worksheets for class 8, leave a comment cancel reply.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

These Solutions are part of  NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science . Here we have given. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

1. Answer the following questions.

Question 1(1). Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation? Answer: Temperature and rainfall

Question 1(2). Write any two reasons for land degradation today. Answer: Reasons for land degradation (Any two):

• Soil erosion
• Soil depletion
• Deforestation
• Overgrazing
• Overuse of chemical fertilisers and pesticides

Question 1(3). Why is land considered an important resource? Answer: Land is considered as an important resource because all the activities of human beings are carried out on land.

Question 1(4). Name any two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals. Answer: Steps were taken by the government to conserve plants and animals (Any two):

• Setting up of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves.
• Conservation of creeks, lakes, and wetlands.
• Ban on killing, hunting, and poaching.
• Social forestry and Vanamohatasava.

Question 1(5). Suggest three ways to conserve water. Answer: Ways to conserve water (Any three):

• Forest and other vegetation covers.
• Water harvesting.
• Canals to be properly lined.
• Use of sprinklers in irrigation.
• Drip or trickle methods of irrigation in dry areas.

Question 2. Tick the correct answer 1. Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation? (a) time (b) soil texture (c) organic matter

2. Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes? (a) shelterbelts (b) mulching (c) terrace cultivation

3. Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature? (a) switch off the bulb when not in use. (b) close the tap immediately after using it. (c) dispose of polypacks after shopping.

Question 4. State whether the given statement is True or False. If true, write the reasons. (1) Ganga-Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.  True Reasons:  Fertile land—agriculture main occupation, easily available job opportunities, developed agriculture-based industries, developed means of transport and communication.

(2) Water availability per person in India is declining.  True Reasons:  Due to overuse, pollution, and increasing population.

(3) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called t intercropping.  False.

(4) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.  False.

 Question 5. Activity Discuss some more reasons which are responsible for changes in land-use patterns. Has your place undergone any change in the land use pattern in recent years? Answer: Reasons responsible for change of land use pattern.

• People and their demands are ever-growing.
• The availability of land is limited.
• The quality of land also differs from place to place.
• People started encroaching common lands to build up commercial areas, housing complexes in the urban areas and to expand agricultural land in rural areas.
• Today vast changes in the land use pattern also reflect the cultural changes in our society.
• Expansion of agriculture and constructional activities have caused these problems.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Exercise Questions

Question 1. Multiple Choice Questions Choose the correct option. (i) Which of these resources covers about three-fourths of the total surface of earth? (a) land (b) soil (c) air (d) water

(ii) What are low-lying areas very susceptible to? (a) earthquakes (b) landslides (c) flooding (d) tsunamis

(iii) Which of these physical features are best suited for living? (a) plains and river valleys (b) mountains (c) deserts (d) lakes and rivers

(iv) Which of these is example of community land? (a) the Sunderban forests (b) a bungalow (c) the Parliament House (d) none of these

(v) What is the majority of land in India used for? (a) cultivation (b) pasture (c) forests (d) none of these

(vi) Which of these countries is mainly covered with forest land? (a) India (b) Brazil (c) USA (d) both b and c

( vii) Due to what feature is ocean water unfit for human consumption? (a) poisonous (b) salinity (c) water temperature (d) none of these Answer: (i)(d), (ii)(c), (iii)(a), (iv)(a), (v)(a), (vi)(d), (vii)(b).

Question 2. Fill in the blank spaces given to complete each sentence.

• The percentage of fresh water on …………..
• The process responsible for soil formation is called ……………
• Private land is owned‘by a fan ………………
• The grainy layer on land is called …………….
• Soil becomes fertile due to the right mix of …………… and ……….
• The colour, texture, etc of soil is determined by ……………….
• Climate factors influencing rate of weathering include and …………….
• ………….. is the growing of different crops in alternate rows.
• 70% of fresh water exists as ……………..
• weathering,
• minerals, organic matter
• parent rock
• rainfall, temperature
• intercropping
• ice sheets.

Question 3. State whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).

• The land has similar features all over the surface of the earth.
• Plains and valleys are densely populated because of soil fertility.
• Population and technology are important factors that determine land use pattern.
• The growing population is not a cause of soil erosion.
• Topography and organic material affect the soil composition of soil.
• Time affects the rate of humus formation during the process of soil formation.
• The earth is called the water planet because of the large amount of water available over it.
• Africa and West Asia are areas facing serious water scarcity.
• Forest and other vegetation promote surface run-off.
• The convention, CITES, lists species which should not be traded.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What are the possible reasons behind the uneven distribution of population around the world? Answer. The reasons behind uneven population distribution are mainly the varied conditions of land and climate.

Question 2. Give three common forms of land use. Answer. Three common land use forms are: (i) As cropland, (ii) Pasture, (iii) Forests.

Question 3. What human factors determine land use pattern? Answer. Human factors affecting land use pattern are population and technology.

Question 4. Define soil. Answer. The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil.

Question 5. What is required to make soil fertile? Answer. The right mix of minerals and organic matter is needed to make soil fertile.

Question 6. What is parent rock? Answer. The rock from which soil is derived is called parent rock.

Question 7. What are the factors threatening soil as a resource? Answer. Two factors that threaten soil as a resource are soil erosion and its depletion.

Question 8. What method of soil conservation may be used in coastal and dry reqions? Answer. Shelter belts are used to protect the soil in coastal and dry regions.

Question 9. Why is the earth called the “water planet”? Answer. The earth’s surface has about three- fourths water, so it is called “water planet”.

Question 10. In what forms is fresh water found on the earth? Answer. Fresh water is found in the forms of groundwater, water in rivers and lakes, and water vapour.

Question 11 . What is the name given to the process involved in rain formation? Answer. The process involved in the formation of rain is called “water cycle”.

Question 12. Name some regions of water scarcity in the world. Answer. Africa, West Asia, South Asia, parts of western USA, northwest Mexico, parts of South America, and Australia face water scarcity.

Question 13. Name a method to save surface run-off. Answer. Water harvesting is a method to save surface run-off.

Question 14. How is a bird like vulture important for the ecosystem? Answer. A vulture feeds on dead livestock and so it cleanses the environment.

Question 15. What is the distinguishing feature between evergreen and deciduous forests? Answer. Evergreen forests never shed their leaves whereas deciduous forests shed their leaves once a year.

Question 16. What is the Vanamahotsava? Answer. The social programme of planting trees, organized at the community level is called vanamahotsava.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. How is land being degraded? Suggest methods to conserve land resource. Answer. The ever-growing population has increased demand for living space, due to which forests are being destroyed, thus causing land degradation. The rate of degradation of land resources can be checked by promoting afforestation, land reclamation, regulated use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and checking to overgraze.

Question 2. What is weathering? Answer. Weathering refers to the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks. This breaking up and decay are caused by temperature fluctuations between too high and too low, frost action, plants, animals, and even human activity. Weathering is the major process involved in the formation of soil. It takes millions of years to form soil by this process.

Question 3. How is water an important resource? Answer. Water is an indispensable resource of life. Firstly water serves the most basic purpose of drinking, without which life is impossible. It is helpful in cleaning our bodies, clothes, and utensils. Farmers depend on water for irrigation. Water is also used in cooking food. Water is a source of electricity as well. Plants require water for their growth. Water is required for various industrial purposes in factories.

Question 4. Write a short note on wildlife. Answer. The animal kingdom, which consists of animals, birds, aquatic creatures and insects, is called wildlife. These creatures provide us various important products such as milk, meat, hides, and wool. Bees give us honey and help in pollination. They play the role of decomposers in the environment. Birds like the vulture are scavengers and they help in cleansing the environment. All forms of wildlife are an integral part of our ecosystem.

Question 5. What are the major types of vegetation in the world? Describe vegetation in different rainfall conditions. Answer. The major types of vegetation in the world are grouped as forests, grasslands, scrubs and tundra.” In areas of heavy rain, huge trees can be found. Forests are abundant in areas of heavy rainfall. With moisture and rainfall the density of forests declines. In moderate rainfall areas, grasslands are found. In diy areas, we find thorny shrubs and scrubs. Plants here have deep roots and leaves have thorny surface to reduce loss of moisture. The tundra vegetation consists of mosses and lichens.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Describe methods of soil conservation. Answer. Some common methods of soil conservation are mentioned below: Mulching. Mulching is the process of covering the bare ground between plants with a layer of organic matter like straw. It contributes in retaining soil moisture.

Terrace Farming. Terrace farming is the method of farming in which broad flat steps or terraces are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops 4 They reduce run-off and soil erosion. Intercropping. In intercropping, different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from being washed away by rain. Contour Ploughing. Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down a slope is called contour ploughing.

Shelter Belts. Rows of trees that are planted in certain areas to check wind movement are called shelter belts. Contour Barriers. Stones, grass, and soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect water. Rock Dams. This prevents gullies and further soil loss since rocks are piled up to slow down the flow of water. Q.2. What is the threat to vegetation and wildlife? What is the need to conserve them? How can we do this? [V. Imp.] Ans. Forests and wildlife are an important resource. Climate change and human interferences in the animal kingdom can cause loss of natural habitat for plants and animals. Certain species have become endangered and many have become extinct now.

Poaching incidents contribute to their extinction. Plants and animals are an important part of the ecosystem. Plants provide food, oxygen and shelter to humans and animals. Animals provide us important products such as milk, meat, honey, etc. There exists a balance in the environment if we do not disturb the natural number of species living on the earth. A single extinction can affect the ecosystem badly. So animals and plants obviously need to be conserved. The government has introduced national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves for this purpose. Poaching should be severely dealt with. Indiscriminate killings need to be discouraged. Social awareness must be created about the importance of trees, social forestry. Students should be involved in vanamahotsavas at regional and community levels.

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NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science Resources And Development Chapter 2

Home » NCERT Solutions » NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science Resources And Development Chapter 2

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2

Geography involves the study of the ecosystems, regions, peoples, and landscapes of the planet. Many people believe that Geography is the oldest of all the disciplines since it is pretty reasonable to claim that humans have always been curious to explore the planet. This claim has some further support because the Greek scholar Eratosthenes is regarded as the originator of Geography because he was the one who first used the term.

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Chapter 2 of Class 8 Geography is Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation, and Wildlife Resources. The influence of various natural resources on our daily life is discussed in this chapter. Natural resources like land, soil, water, and so on are all around us. The diversity of each of these resources varies from location to region. These resources largely influence our lifestyle. Even if you may be in a densely populated area, there are still unoccupied or poorly populated places. Students may refer to Extramarks Geography Chapter 2 Class 8 Solutions to discover more about land, soil, water, natural vegetation, and wildlife resources.

For a subject as exciting as Geography, Extramarks has developed NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 .   These solutions are made in such a way that they meet all the requirements of the students. Subject experts have developed these solutions meticulously in such a way that they can get to-the-point answers without wasting much time on a single subject.

Not just Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions, Extramarks provides a repository of resources such as NCERT books, CBSE revision notes, CBSE sample papers, CBSE previous year question papers, and more can be easily found on the Extramarks website for all classes.

Key Topics Covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2

Mentioned below are the key topics that are covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 – Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources:

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Let us look at Extramarks in-depth information on each subtopic in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2- Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources.

This section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 discusses in-depth about land and its uses.

One of our most valuable natural resources is the land. Only 30% of the earth’s surface is covered by it, and only a small portion of it is habitable. . Rough terrain, steep mountain slopes, logging-prone lowlands, desert regions, and heavily forested places are typically sparsely populated or deserted.

The land is utilized for various activities, including farming, forestry, mining, building homes and roads, and establishing industries. Land usage is a popular word for this.

• Topography, soil, temperature, minerals, and water availability are physical factors that affect land use.
• Population and technology are two examples of human factors influencing land use.

According to who owns it, land may be divided into private and public domains. Individuals possess private property, but communities hold community land for purposes like gathering fodder, fruits, nuts, or medicinal plants. Common property resources is another term for community lands. Even though there is a limited land supply, people are forced to infringe on it to create retail malls and commercial districts in urban regions and extend agricultural land in rural areas. Significant problems, including land degradation, landslides, soil erosion, and desertification, are also brought on by this increase in agriculture and building operations.

Conservation of Land Resource

Large-scale degradation of the forest cover and other natural resources is caused by the expanding population and its attendant demands. The typical techniques for protecting land resources are listed below:

• Controlled application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
• Monitoring for overgrazing
• Afforestation
• Reclaiming land

The above section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 talks about land and how to conserve it. To get more details on the topic, register with Extramarks today.

In the following section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2, the soil issue is discussed.

The thin, granular layer covers the earth’s surface and is directly related to the land. Landforms determine the kind of soil. Organic material, minerals, and weathered rocks that have been deposited on the ground because of weathering make up soil. The appropriate proportions of organic matter and minerals make the soil productive.

Landslides, which commonly occur in connection with earthquakes, floods, and volcanoes, are the large-scale movement of rock, debris, or soil down a slope. A protracted rainstorm can also bring on a landslide.

Mitigation Mechanism

We now have the knowledge and tools necessary to manage landslides effectively because of advancements in scientific methodology. Following are some examples of general  mitigation  techniques of landslides:

• Hazard mapping helps identify landslide-prone locations. As a result, settlement development can be prevented in such locations.
• Building a retaining wall will prevent the ground from sliding.
• To stop a landslide, increase the vegetation cover.
• Surface drainage management helps regulate landslide movement along with rain and spring flows.

Factors of Soil Formation

The initial rock composition and climatic variables are the most crucial elements in soil development. Topography, organic matter’s function, and soil composition’s duration are further considerations.

• Relief: Ground accumulation is influenced by altitude and slope.
• Parent Rock nature: Color, texture, mineral,  chemical properties, strength, and permeability are determined by the parent rock’s nature.
• Climate: Temperature and precipitation impact the rate of impairment and humus formation.
• Fauna, Flora, and Microorganisms: The growth of humus is influenced by flora, fauna, and microorganisms.
• Time is taken for soil formation: The length of time it takes for the soil to form determines the thickness of soil profile.

Degradation of Soil and some Conservation methods

The most significant risks to the soil as a resource are soil erosion and depletion. Both natural and human sources can cause soil deterioration. The following factors contribute to soil degradation:

• Overgrazing
• Excessive use of chemical pesticides or fertilizers
• Floods and landslides
• Deforestation 

The following are some measures of   soil conservation:

• Intercropping: To prevent the soil from being washed away by rain, various crops are cultivated in alternate rows and are seeded at different times.
• Mulching: A covering of organic material, such as straw, is placed over the bare ground in the spaces between the plants; this keeps the soil wet.
• Terrace farming: To provide level areas for growing crops and prevent soil erosion and surface runoff, steep slopes are built with wide flat steps or terraces.
• Contour barriers: Barriers are constructed following contours using stones, grass, and soil. In front of the barriers, trenches are built to collect water.
• Rock dam: Rocks are piled up to reduce the speed of the water’s flow and stop gullies and soil erosion.
• Shelterbelts: Rows of trees are planted in coastal and arid locations to reduce wind movement and protect soil cover.
• Contour ploughing: Forming a natural barrier to prevent water from flowing down the slope by ploughing according to the contours.

The above section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 explains soil and its conservation methods.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2  of the section below explains water and the issues of water availability.

Water, an essential renewable natural resource, covers 34% of the globe’s surface. About two-thirds of the world’s surface is covered by oceans, which are home to many plant and animal species. It is, however, salty and unfit for human consumption. Only 2.7% of the world’s freshwater is found in freshwater bodies, 70% of which are inaccessible ice sheets and glaciers in mountainous regions like Antarctica and Greenland. As a result, barely 1% of freshwater is fit for human consumption.

The amount of water on earth cannot be increased or decreased, and its overall volume is constant. Its abundance seems to change solely due to the continual mobility it undergoes due to the processes of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, which cycle it through the seas, the air, the land, and back again.  This is known as the “water cycle.”

Problems with water availability

The availability of fresh water is a problem throughout the world. Water shortage is a significant issue in nations situated in climate zones most prone to droughts. Water shortages can also result from changes in seasonal or yearly precipitation patterns or overuse and contamination of water sources.

Conservation of Water Resources

 Efforts have been made to protect this resource so that people may access sources of clean, sufficient water:

• Forests and other types of vegetation help restore subsurface water supplies by slowing surface runoff. Another way to prevent surface runoff is through water harvesting.
• To reduce losses from water seepage, the canals used for field irrigation should be well-lined.
• By limiting water losses due to seepage and evaporation, sprinklers efficiently irrigate the area.
• Drip or trickle irrigation is highly beneficial in arid areas with high evaporation rates.
• By using these irrigation methods, the precious water resource may be preserved.

The above section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 raises the issue of water and its conservation. To know more, register on Extramarks website.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife have been explained in this section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2.

Natural plants and animals live only in the small biosphere—the region where the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere meet. Living things in the biosphere are connected and rely on one another to survive. Ecology is the name given to this system that sustains life. Animals, birds, insects, and aquatic life forms fall under the wildlife category. In addition to eating insects, birds also serve as decomposers. The vulture is a scavenger and a crucial environmental cleaner since it can eat dead animals. Therefore, all animals—large or small—are essential to preserving the ecosystem’s equilibrium.

Distribution of Natural Vegetation

Temperature and moisture are the two main factors that affect plant growth. Forests, grasslands, scrubby areas, and tundra are the four primary forms of vegetation in the globe.

Giant trees grow in locations with high rainfall. Therefore, forests are often considered places with abundant freshwater resources. In areas with moderate rainfall, short, stunted trees and bushes develop as the number of moisture declines, reducing trees’ size and density. Thorny bushes and shrubs flourish in arid locations where there is little rainfall.

Conservation of Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Natural habitats for plants and animals may disappear due to climatic changes and human involvement. Some natural and human processes that hasten the extinction of these resources include deforestation, soil erosion, construction projects, forest fires, tsunamis, and landslides. Poaching, which causes a dramatic drop in the population of a specific species, is another significant issue. Our native species and plants are protected by national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves. To prevent the depletion of the priceless resource, streams, lakes, and wetlands must be conserved.

At the regional and local levels, awareness initiatives like social forestry and Vanamohatasava are also formed. To help them understand the habitat of various species, schools urge their students to go bird watching and to nature camps. Laws prohibiting the trade of animals and birds and their slaughter have been passed in several nations. In India, it is against the law to kill lions, tigers, deer, big Indian bustards, and peacocks. Meanwhile, the CITES international treaty has been developed, which specifies the number of animal and bird species where trade is restricted.

In the above section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2, the conservation methods of natural vegetation and wildlife have been explained in detail.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Exercise and Solutions

Extramarks, one of the leading educational platforms, has credibility lies in providing the best study material to the students. Its reliable and trusted learning resources have gained popularity among teachers, students, and their parents. Furthermore, extramarks also provide study material for all classes and competitive exams so that students don’t have to look elsewhere to supplement their studies for any kind of exam.

By accessing NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2, students can easily understand Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources.

Along with this, students can also refer to other solutions for primary and secondary classes:

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2

Extramarks NCERT Solutions are quite popular among students. These solutions meet all students’ expectations as they prepare for their upcoming exams. All the topics are covered in the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2. Extramarks NCERT Solutions are here to stay.  Here’s why:

• The experts at Extramarks follow all guidelines laid by CBSE to draft solutions beneficial to students.
• Extramarks NCERT Solutions are prepared by subject experts for last-minute revision to help students conveniently recall the crucial points in the exam.
• These Solutions help students in revising their concepts so that students can study from it without any hassle and saves time for other subjects as well.

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Q.1 Answer the following questions

(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?

(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.

(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?

(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.

(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.

(i)The two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation are temperature and rainfall .These factors influence rate the of weathering and humus.

(ii) Factors contributing to land degradation are deforestation, overgrazing, and the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers in agricultural lands.

(iii)Land is considered as an important resource because wide variety of flora and fauna is found on land. Land is used for various purposes by human beings, such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses and roads, and setting up of industries.

(iv)Steps taken by the government to conserve plants and animals are as follows:

• Establishment of National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves to protect our natural vegetation andwildlife.
• Killing of lions, tigers, deers, great Indian bustards and peacocks have been banned. Government has passed laws for declaring killing as well as trade of birds and animals as illegal.

(v)Three ways to conserve water are as follows:

• Sewage, agricultural chemicals and industrial effluents should be treated suitably before releasing them in water bodies.
• Rainwater harvesting helps in conserving water.
• Afforestation, as forest and other vegetation cover slow the surface runoff and replenish underground water.
• The canals, used for irrigation, should be properly lined to minimise losses by water seepage.

Q.2 (i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation? (a) time (b) soil texture (c) organic matter

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes? (a) shelter belts (b) mulching (c) terrace cultivation

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature? (a) switch off the bulb when not in use (b) close the tap immediately after using (c) dispose polypacks after shopping

(i)(b) soil texture ☑

(ii)(c) terrace cultivation ☑

(iii)(c) dispose polypacks after shopping☑

Q.3 Match the following

Q.4 State whether the given statement is true or false.If true, write the reasons.

(i) Ganga–Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.

(ii)Water availability per person in India is declining.

(iii)Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the windmovement is called intercropping.

(iv)Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.

(i)True. Reason: The Ganga-Brahmaputra plain has even topography and highly fertile soil. Hence, it can support a huge population. Water availability per person in India is declining.

(ii)True. Reason: The population of India has been growing but availability of water has been declining. Water shortage may be a consequence of variation in seasonal or annual precipitation or the scarcity is caused by over-exploitation and contamination of water sources.

(iii)False. Reason: Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called shelter belt.

(iv)False.Reason: Changes of climate and human interferences can cause the loss of natural habitats for the plants and animals, hence destroy the ecosystem.

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Faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. name the geography chapters in ncert for class 8, not including chapter 2..

There are 6 chapters in the Class 8 NCERT Geography book. As follows:

• Chapter No. 1 – Resource
• Chapter No. 3 – Mineral and Power Resources
• Chapter No. 4 – Agriculture
• Chapter No. 5 – Industries
• Chapter No. 6 – Human Resources

Students can refer to the NCERT solutions by Extramarks prepared by experienced faculty experts to become well-versed in Social Studies. These solutions will definitely make a difference in their studies and help them excel in their examinations.

2. How can the fear of Geography (Social Science) be reduced?

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

Find solutions of all questions asked in NCERT textbook of class 8 Geography Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources. This page consists of detail explanation of all questions asked in Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources. Do follow  NCERT solutions  prepared by Academic team of Entrancei. Refer  NCERT solutions for class 8 Maths  and  NCERT solutions for class 8 Science  to score good marks in school exam. 

Find Below NCERT Solutions for class 8 Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

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• Chapter 1: Resources
• Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 3:Mineral and Power Resources
• Chapter 4: Agriculture
• Chapter 5: Industries
• Chapter 6: Human Resources

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NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

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NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation, and Wildlife Resources – This article includes free NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 2 to help students of Class 8 learn the solutions and ace their exams.

It has been developed by the subject matter experts at GFG, according to the  latest CBSE Syllabus 2024-25 , and guidelines to help the students of Class 8 create a solid conceptual base for Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation, and Wildlife Resources .

The solutions to all the exercises in Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 2 of your NCERT textbook have been collectively covered in NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science.

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 2

NCERT  Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

The solutions for Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources have been listed below, and students can refer to NCERT Solutions Class 8 for other subjects.

Page No- 20

Answer the following questions., (i) which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation.

The two main climatic factors that influence soil formation are temperature and rainfall. These factors affect the rates of chemical, physical, and biological processes that break down rocks and organic matter into soil. Rainfall: Rainfall affects the rate of weathering and erosion, which results in the breakdown of rocks and minerals. It leads to soil formation. Temperature: Temperature influences chemical reactions and biological activities in the process of soil formation, such as the decomposition of organic matter and the rate of weathering. Together, these factors determine the type, depth, and fertility of soils in a particular region.

(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.

Land degradation is the reduction or loss of the biological or economic productivity of land. The two main reasons of land degradation includes: Deforestation: Widespread clearing of forests for agriculture, logging, and urbanization leads to soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. The loss of vegetation due to deforestation can lead to land degradation. Overgrazing: Excessive grazing by livestock reduce vegetation cover, and accelerate erosion. It degrades land quality and reducing its productivity resulting in land degradation. Land degradation can be controlled by planting trees, restoring forests, implementing soil conservation methods like terracing, contour farming, and cover cropping.

(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?

Land is among the most important natural resources. It covers only about thirty per cent of the total area of the earth’s surface. The use of land is determined by physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, minerals and availability of water. Human factors such as population and technology are also important determinants of land use pattern. Land is considered an important resource because it is the only place where humans can live. It is used for various purposes, such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. Land also provides habitation to a variety of flora and fauna. Land is an important resource that provides us with a variety of benefits. We should use land wisely and sustainably, so that we can continue to enjoy its benefits for generations to come.

(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.

The two steps the government has taken to conserve plants and animals are: National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves: These protect natural vegetation and wildlife in their natural habitats.  Laws that prohibit animal and bird killing and trade: These laws protect endangered and vulnerable species. For example, the government has banned hunting lions, tigers, deer, great Indian bustards, and peacocks.  The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 prohibits hunting wild animals and punishes those who violate the law. Other steps the government has taken to conserve plants and animals include: Social Forestry: This helps raise awareness about the importance of plants and animals to the general public. Awareness programs: These include “Vanmahotsav” to conserve forests, outreach programs, school programs, and public awareness campaigns .

(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.

Three ways to conserve water are: Rainwater harvesting: It involves collecting rainwater in storage tanks or reservoirs for later use. It reduces reliance on freshwater sources. Lining irrigation canals: Impermeable linings is done in irrigation canals to prevent water seepage. It ensures more efficient water distribution to crops. Afforestation: Planting of trees and vegetation helps to slow surface runoff. It allow water to infiltrate the soil and replenish groundwater reserves and contributes to overall water conservation efforts.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) which one of the following is not a factor of soil formation.

(a) time (b) soil texture (c) organic matter

(b) Soil Texture

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?

(a) shelter belts (b) mulching (c) terrace cultivation

(c) Terrace cultivation

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature?

(a) switch off the bulb when not in use (b) close the tap immediately after using (c) dispose polypacks after shopping

(c) Dispose polypacks after shopping

3. Match the followings

4. State whether the given statement is true or false. If true, write the reasons.

(i) ganga–brahmaputra plain of india is an overpopulated region..

Yes, the Ganga-Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region. The reason for this is that the plain has even topography and highly fertile soil. The plain is also home to many rivers, which provide water for irrigation and drinking .

(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining .

Yes, water availability per person in India has been declining for several reasons, including rapid population growth, industrialization, increasing irrigation, misuse of water, and pollution of water resources. Other reasons for the decline include: Rising demands for food and cash crops, Increasing urbanization, and Rising standards of living .

(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping.

The statement “rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping” is false. The process of planting rows of trees in coastal areas to prevent wind movement is called shelter belts.  Shelter belts are also known as windbreaks or hedgerows. They are used in dry and coastal areas to protect soil erosion. Intercropping is the process of growing different crops in alternating rows and at different times to protect the soil from rain wash. It also involves growing two or more types of vegetables on the same land in the same growing season. 

(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.

The statement “Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem” is false. Human interference affects the whole ecosystem because all living beings are interdependent upon each other for survival. Human interference and climate changes can cause the loss of natural habitats, and hence destroy the ecosystem. Climate change is warming the climate, which is changing the physical environments that support living systems. In the ocean, water temperatures are rising and becoming more acidic. On land, temperatures are rising as well, and soil health and freshwater quality are declining.

Chapter 2 – Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Summary

Chapter 2 explores land, soil, water, natural vegetation, and wildlife resources. It delves into their significance for human survival and ecosystem health. The chapter highlights threats such as pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable management and conservation practices. Understanding these resources is crucial for addressing environmental challenges and ensuring a healthy planet. Efforts to protect and preserve these resources are essential for future generations.

Important Topics Discussed in the Chapter

Important topics discussed in the chapter are:

• Natural Vegetation of India
• Water Resources
• Land Degradation and Conservation
• Natural Resources
• Conservation Of Land Resources
• Conservation of Water
• Wild Life in India
• Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
• Forest and Wildlife Resources

FAQs on NCERT  Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

What are the benefits of referring to the ncert solutions for class 8 geography chapter 2.

The NCERT Solution for Class 10th Chapter 3: Water Resources assists students in comprehending the ideas and principles associated with water resources. It offers straightforward answers, supports exam readiness, and instills confidence in students.

Where can I find the correct NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 on the online platform?

The NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 can be found by the students on the GeeksforGeeks website. The NCERT Solutions are one of the best study materials which are available for students for free and students can rely on them for examination purposes.

What are the main topics covered in Chapter 2 of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography?

Natural Vegetation of India Water Resources Land Degradation and Conservation Natural Resources Conservation Of Land Resources Conservation of Water Wild Life in India Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Forest and Wildlife Resources

What are the two major threats to soil as a resource class 8 geography?

Soil erosion and depletion are the two major threats to soil as a resource. Both natural and human factors can cause soil degradation.

What are the major threats to the environment class 8 geography?

According to class 8 geography, some major threats to the environment include pollution, deforestation, climate change, urbanization, invasive alien species, and overuse of natural resources.

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Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Resources Class 8 Revision Notes

The class 8 geography chapter 2 notes Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Resources is a step further into the mentioned things. The chapter helps students understand how their lives are determined by the differences in these resources. It enumerates the fact that the living conditions of people are determined by varying factors. Moreover, it also explains how places differ from each other due to the availability of such resources.

Other than that, the chapter explains in detail about land and land use. Other than that, it also helps to make students aware of the conservation of land resources like soil. Students will be able to understand the process of soil formation after this. Similarly, it explains the degradation of soil and the measures for its conservation. It further explains about water and its resources plus the natural vegetation and wildlife.

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CBSE Class 8 Geography Revision Notes

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Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

August 2, 2021 by Prasanna

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science . Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1. What is the full form of CITES? Answer: CITES is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

Question 2. Define National Park? Answer: National Park is a natural area designated for the protection of ecological integrity of one or more ecosystem for the present and the future generation.

Question 3. Name the classification of forests depending on when they shed their leaves? Answer: Forests are broadly classified as evergreen and deciduous depending on when they shed their leaves.

Question 4. Primarily on what factors does the growth of vegetation depends upon? Answer: The growth of vegetation depends primary on temperature and moisture.

Question 5. Why is river Yamuna getting polluted? Answer: River Yamuna is getting polluted due to sewage, industrial effluents and garbage released into it.

Question 6. What quantity of water does a dripping tap waste in a year? Answer: A dripping tap water 1200 litres of water in a year.

Question 7. What are the two major threats to soil as a resource? Answer: Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource.

Question 8. How much time period is required for the formation of just one centimetre of soil? Answer: It takes hundreds of years to make just one centimetre of soil.

Question 9. Which natural resource covers only about 30% of the total area of the earth’s surface? Answer: Land

Question 10. What is the main reason behind the uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world? Answer: It is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate.

Question 11. On what basis land is classified into private land and community land? Answer: On the basis of ownership.

Question 12. What has led to large scale destruction of forest cover and arable land? Answer: Growing population and their ever growing demand have led to a large scale destruction of forest cover and arable land.

Question 13. Why is Hazard Mapping done? Answer: Hazard mapping is done to locate areas prone to landslide.

Question 14. What determines the type of soil? Answer: Landform determines the type of soil.

Question 15. In which year does the consumption of water for human use was 3850 cai/year? Answer: In 1975.

Question 16. Why is Earth appropriately called water planet? Answer: Because 3/4th of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

Question 17. What percent of fresh water is present on Earth? Answer: Only about 2.7%.

Question 18. What is the major problem faced by the world today? Answer: Access to clean and adequate water sources is a major problem faced by the world today.

Question 19. On what does the growth of vegetation depends primarily? Answer: The growth of vegetation depends primarily on temperature and moisture.

Question 20. Give some examples of species protected under CITES. Answer: Bears, dolphins, cacti, corals, orchids and aloes, etc.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Short Answers Type

Question 1. What is soil and how is soil made fertile? Answer: The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil. It is closely linked to land. Landforms determine the type of soil. Soil is made up of organic matter, minerals and weathered rocks found on the earth. This happens through the process of weathering. The right mix of minerals and organic matter make the soil fertile.

Question 2. What does the weathering mean and how does the weathering help soil? Answer: Weathering is the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks by temperature changes, frost action, plants, animals and human activity and soil is made up of organic matter, minerals and weathered rocks found on the earth. This happens through the process of weathering.

Question 3. How does the major factors of soil formation play an important role? Answer: The major factors of soil formation are the nature of the parent rock and climatic factors and

• Parent Rock: Determines colour, texture, chemical properties minerals, content, permeability.
• Climate: Temperature, rainfall influence rate of weathering and humus.
• Relief: Altitude and slope, determine accumulation of soil.
• Flora, Fauna and Microorganism: Affect the rate of humus formation.
• Time: Determines thickness of soil profile.

Question 4. What are some broad mitigation techniques of landslide? Answer: Some broad mitigation techniques of landslide are as follows:

• Hazard mapping for locating lanslides prone area, so that building settlements can be avoided.
• Construction of retention wall to stop land from slipping.
• Increase in the vegetation cover to arrest landslide.
• The surface drainage control works to control the movement of landslide along with rain water and spring flows.

Question 5. How is the land classified on the basis of ownership? What is the concept of common property resources? Answer: Land can be classified on the basis of ownership as private and community land. Private land is owned by the individuals whereas, community land is owned by the community for common uses like collection of fodder, fruits, nuts or medicinal herbs. These community lands are called common property resources.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Long Answers Type

Question 1. What is a land and what is the concept of Land use? Answer: Land is among the most important natural resources. It covers only about thirty per cent of the total area of the earths’s surface and all parts of this small percentage are not habitable.

Land Life Land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. This is commonly termed as Land use. The use of land is determined by the physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, minerals and availability of water. Human factors such as population and technology are also important determinants of land use pattern.

Question 2. Describe Landslide and Mitigation mechanism in brief. Answer: Landslides are simply defined as the mass movement of rock debris or earth down a slope. They often take place in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanoes. A prolonged spell of rainfall can cause heavy landslide that can block the flow of river for quite some time.

The formation of river blocks can cause havoc to the settlements downstream on its bursting. In the hilly terrain landslides have been a major and widely spread natural disaster that often strike life and property and occupy a position of major concern.

Mitigation mechanism is the advancement in scientific techniques which has empowered us to understand what factors cause landslides and how to manage them.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

Map Skills Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

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Class 8 Social Science Geography Assignments

We have provided below free printable Class 8 Social Science Geography Assignments for Download in PDF. The Assignments have been designed based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 8 Social Science Geography . These Assignments for Grade 8 Social Science Geography cover all important topics which can come in your standard 8 tests and examinations. Free printable Assignments for CBSE Class 8 Social Science Geography , school and class assignments, and practice test papers have been designed by our highly experienced class 8 faculty. You can free download CBSE NCERT printable Assignments for Social Science Geography Class 8 with solutions and answers. All Assignments and test sheets have been prepared by expert teachers as per the latest Syllabus in Social Science Geography Class 8. Students can click on the links below and download all Pdf Assignments for Social Science Geography class 8 for free. All latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 8 Social Science Geography Assignments with Answers and test papers are given below.

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We have provided below the biggest collection of free CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Class 8 Social Science Geography . Students and teachers can download and save all free Social Science Geography assignments in Pdf for grade 8th. Our expert faculty have covered Class 8 important questions and answers for Social Science Geography as per the latest syllabus for the current academic year. All test papers and question banks for Class 8 Social Science Geography and CBSE Assignments for Social Science Geography Class 8 will be really helpful for standard 8th students to prepare for the class tests and school examinations. Class 8th students can easily free download in Pdf all printable practice worksheets given below.

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Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Extra Questions

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Extra Questions and Answers are provided here. These Extra Questions with solution are prepared by our team of expert teachers who are teaching in CBSE schools for years. Extra questions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 will help you to properly understand a particular concept of the chapter.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Geography Extra Questions and Answers

Very short answer type question.

1. Which country has the highest percentage of land under forest?

Answer: Japan

2. Which country has the highest percentage of land under cropland?

Answer: India

3. Which country has the highest percentage of land under pasture?

Answer: Australia

4. What are the major threats to soil as a resource?

Answer: Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource.

5. What method of soil conservation is used in coastal and dry regions?

Answer: Shelter belts are used to protect the soil in coastal and dry regions.

6. What percent of fresh water is fit for human use?

Answer: Only 1 per cent of freshwater is available and fit for human use.

7. What make the soil fertile?

Answer: The right mix of minerals and organic matter make the soil fertile.

8. What affect the rate of humus formation?

Answer: Flora, fauna and micro-organism affect the rate of humus formation.

9. Why is ocean water not fit for human consumption?

Answer: The ocean water is saline. Hence it is not fit for human consumption.

10. What is soil?

Answer: The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil.

Short Type Answer Questions

1. Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?

Answer: Temperature and rainfall are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation.

2. Which method is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?

Answer: Terrace farming is the most appropriate method to check soil erosion on steep slopes.

3. What do you mean by shelter belt?

Answer: Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called shelter belt.

4. How are forest classified on the basis of latitude?

Answer: Forests are classified as tropical or temperate based on their location in different latitudes.

5. What are the major types of vegetation in the world?

Answer: The major vegetation types of the world are grouped as forests, grasslands, scrubs and tundra.

6. How are vultures important to the environment?

Answer: Vulture due to its ability to feed on dead livestock is a scavenger and considered a vital cleanser of the environment.

7. What percentage of Earth is covered by land?

Answer: Land covers only about thirty per cent of the total area of the earth’s surface and all parts of this small percentage are not habitable.

8. What is national park?

Answer: National park is a natural area designated to protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future generations.

9. How is soil formed?

Answer: Soil is made up of organic matter, minerals and weathered rocks found on the earth. This happens through the process of weathering.

10. What is weathering?

Answer: Weathering is the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks, by temperature changes, frost action, plants, animals and man.

11. Why are plains and river valleys densely populated?

Answer: Plains and river valleys offer suitable land for agriculture. Hence, these are the densely populated areas of the world.

12. Why Ganga Brahmaputra plain of India is an over populated region?

Answer: Ganga Brahmaputra plain of India is an over populated region because it has even topography and highly fertile soil.

13. What are the different types of soil found in India?

Answer: Different types of soil found in India are alluvial, black, red, laterite, desertic and mountain soil.

14. Why is fresh water the most precious substance on earth?

Answer: Fresh water is the most precious substance on earth because only 1 per cent of freshwater is available and fit for human use.

15. What is rain water harvesting?

Answer: Rain water harvesting is the process of collecting rain water from roof tops and directing it to an appropriate location and storing if for future use.

16. Write any two reasons for land degradation today?

Answer: Reasons for land degradation are:

• Deforestation
• Overuse of chemical feritilisers or pesticides

17. What has led to a large scale destruction of forest cover and arable land?

Answer: Growing population and their ever growing demand has led to a large scale destruction of forest cover and arable land.

18. How to prevent surface runoff?

Answer: Forest and other vegetation cover slow the surface runoff and replenish underground water. Water harvesting is another method to save surface runoff.

19. Suggest one way to control water pollution.

Answer: Water pollution can be controlled by treating sewage, agricultural chemicals and industrial effluents suitably before releasing them in water bodies.

20. What is intercropping?

Answer: Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice in which different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash.

21. Why Earth is called water planet?

Answer: Water is a vital renewable natural resource. Three-fourth’s of the earth’s surface is covered with water. It is therefore appropriately called the ‘water planet’.

22. What is biosphere?

Answer: Natural vegetation and wildlife exist only in the narrow zone of contact between the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere that we call biosphere.

23. What do you mean by ecosystem?

Answer: In the biosphere living beings are inter-related and interdependent on each other for survival. This life supporting system is known as the ecosystem.

24. What is termed as Land use?

Answer: Land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. This is commonly termed as Land use.

25. Why land is considered an important resource?

Answer: Land is considered an important resource because it is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries.

26. Which areas are sparsely populated or uninhabited?

Answer: The rugged topography, steep slopes of the mountains, low-lying areas susceptible to water logging, desert areas, and thick forested areas are normally sparsely populated or uninhabited.

27. How much land on Earth is inhabited?

Answer: Ninety per cent of the world population occupies only thirty per cent of land area. The remaining seventy per cent of the land is either sparsely populated or uninhabited.

28. What are the major threats to the environment due to over exploitation of land resources?

Answer: Land degradation, landslides, soil erosion, desertification are the major threats to the environment because of the expansion of agriculture and constructional activities.

29. What are the reasons for water shortage?

Answer: Water shortage may be a consequence of variation in seasonal or annual precipitation or the scarcity is caused by overexploitation and contamination of water sources.

30. What is the major cause of water pollution?

Answer: Discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage, agricultural chemicals and industrial effluents in water bodies are major contaminants. They pollute water with nitrates, metals and pesticides.

Long Type Answer Questions

1. What is ‘water cycle’?

Answer: Water is in constant motion, cycling through the oceans, the air, the land and back again, through the processes of evaporation, precipitation and run-off. This is referred to as the ‘water cycle’.

2. What are the major factors affecting soil formation?

Answer: The major factors of soil formation are the nature of the parent rock and climatic factors. Other factors are the topography, role of organic material and time taken for the composition of soil formation.

3. What are the uses of water resources?

Answer: Humans use huge amounts of water not only for drinking and washing but also in the process of production. Water for agriculture, industries, generating electricity through reservoirs of dams are the other usages.

4. What do you mean by private land and community land?

Answer: Private land is owned by individuals whereas, community land is owned by the community for common uses like collection of fodder, fruits, nuts or medicinal herbs. These community lands are also called common property resources.

5. Which countries in the world are facing water shortage?

Answer: There is scarcity of water in many regions of the world. Most of Africa, West Asia, South Asia, parts of western USA, north-west Mexico, parts of South America and entire Australia are facing shortages in fresh water supply.

6. What human factors determine land use pattern? Or What factors determine land use pattern?

Answer: The use of land is determined by physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, minerals and availability of water. Human factors such as population and technology are also important determinants of land use pattern.

7. What are landslides and how do they occur?

Answer: Landslides are simply defined as the mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope. They often take place in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanoes. A prolonged spell of rainfall can cause heavy landslide that can block the flow of river for quite some time.

8. Why water availability per person in India is declining?

Answer: Increasing population, rising demands for food and cash crops, increasing urbanisation and rising standards of living are the major factors leading to shortages in supply of fresh water either due to drying up of water sources or water pollution.

9. What are the reasons for the degradation of the soil?

Answer:  Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource. Both human and natural factors can lead to degradation of soils. Factors which lead to soil degradation are deforestation, overgrazing, overuse of chemical feritilisers or pesticides, rain wash, landslides and floods.

10. Differentiate between tropical evergreen forests and deciduous forests.

11. Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.

Answer: Two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals are:

• It has set up national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves to protect our natural vegetation and wildlife.
• It has banned the killing of lions, tigers, deers, great Indian bustards and peacocks.

12. Suggest three ways to conserve water.

Answer:  Ways to conserve water:

• Rain water harvesting.
• The canals should be properly lined to minimise losses by water seepage.
• In dry regions with high rates of evaporation, drip or trickle irrigation is very useful.

13. In what forms is freshwater found on the earth?

Answer:  Fresh water accounts for only about 2.7 per cent. Nearly 70 per cent of this occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and mountain regions. Due to their location they are inaccessible. Only 1 per cent of freshwater is available and fit for human use. It is found as ground water, as surface water in rivers and lakes and as water vapour in the atmosphere.

14. What do you know about CITES?

Answer:  CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. It aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. Roughly 5,000 species of animals and 28,000 species of plants are protected. Bears, dolphins, cacti, corals, orchids and aloes are some examples.

15. Why there is uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world?

Answer: The uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate. The rugged topography, steep slopes of the mountains, low-lying areas susceptible to water logging, desert areas, and thick forested areas are normally sparsely populated or uninhabited. Plains and river valleys offer suitable land for agriculture. Hence, these are the densely populated areas of the world.

16. How does rainfall affect vegetation?

Answer:  In areas of heavy rainfall, huge trees may thrive. The forests are thus associated with areas having abundant water supply. As the amount of moisture decreases the size of trees and their density reduces. In the regions of moderate rainfall short stunted trees and grasses grow forming the grasslands of the world. In dry areas of low rainfall, thorny shrubs and scrubs grow. In such areas plants have deep roots and leaves have thorny and waxy surface to reduce loss of moisture by transpiration.

17. Why is wildlife important to us?

Answer:  Wildlife is important to us because

• They provide us milk, meat, hides and wool.
• Insects like bees provide us honey, help in pollination of flowers and have an important role to play as decomposers in the ecosystem.
• The birds feed on insects and act as decomposers as well.
• Vulture due to its ability to feed on dead livestock is a scavenger and considered a vital cleanser of the environment.

18. What are the factors affecting soil formation?

Answer: Factors affecting soil formation are: Parent Rock – Determines colour, texture, chemical properties mineral, content, permeability of soil. Climate – Temperature and rainfall influence rate of weathering and humus. Relief – Altitude and slope, determine accumulation of soil. Flora, Fauna and Micro-organism – Affect the rate of humus formation. Time – Determines thickness of soil profile.

19. “Vegetation and wildlife are valuable resources.” Comment

Answer: Vegetation and wildlife are valuable resources.

• Plants provide us with timber, give shelter to animals, produce oxygen we breathe, protects soils so essential for growing crops, act as shelter belts, help in storage of underground water, give us fruits, nuts, latex, turpentine oil, gum, medicinal plants and paper.
• Wildlife includes animals, birds, insects as well as the aquatic life forms. They provide us milk, meat, hides and wool. Insects like bees provide us honey, help in pollination of flowers and have an important role to play as decomposers in the ecosystem. The birds feed on insects and act as decomposers as well. Vulture due to its ability to feed on dead livestock is a scavenger and considered a vital cleanser of the environment.

20. What are the threats to natural vegetation and wildlife?

Answer: Threats to natural vegetation and wildlife are:

• Changes of climate and human interferences can cause the loss of natural habitats for the plants and animals. Many species have become vulnerable or endangered and some are on the verge of extinction.
• Deforestation, soil erosion, constructional activities, forest fires, tsunami and landslides are some of the human made and natural factors which together accelerate the process of extinction of these great natural resources.
• One of the major concerns is the increasing incidents of poaching that result in a sharp decline in the number of particular species.

21. Suggest some methods of soil conservation.

Answer: Some methods of soil conservation are

Mulching: The bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain soil moisture.

Contour barriers: Stones, grass, soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect water.

Rock dam: Rocks are piled up to slow down the flow of water. This prevents gullies and further soil loss.

Terrace farming: These are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops. They can reduce surface run-off and soil erosion.

Intercropping: Different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash.

Contour ploughing: Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope.

Shelter belts: In the coastal and dry regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 8

• NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 - Free PDF Download

Till Class 8th , most of the basics are covered for the various subjects, and the students are provided with a brief idea about all the concepts and the subjects. To understand every subject briefly and be the topper of the class, it is necessary to practice all the subjects well, including the questions available in the exercises. Our expert mentors and tutors with immense knowledge of the subjects precisely design all the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 to help the students pass with outstanding results. From English and Hindi to Maths, Science and Social Studies, we provide the best Class 8 NCERT Solutions , keeping the evaluation schemes of the schools in mind. Students can have all the discretional accurate answers with examples stated (whenever necessary), for all the subjects.

Students of Class 8 need all the support and guidance that they can get so that they can perform well in their examinations. These NCERT solutions provided by the experts at Vedantu will definitely help them get the best results for sure. These solutions are provided subject-wise and chapter-wise to ensure that students are not having any trouble while going through the solutions. They can easily download the solutions for any specific subject or chapter. Download NCERT Solutions Class 8 and start the preparation for your exams. You can also download NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths and NCERT Solution for Class 8 Science to help you to revise the complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Detailed Overview of NCERT Solutions for Class 8

Subject wise NCERT Solutions for Class 8

Mentioned below in the table is the link to subject-wise NCERT solutions for Class 8. The NCERT solutions for Maths, English, Hindi, Science and Social Science are included in the table. 

NCERT Solutions for Class 8

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 in Hindi Medium

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths, Science, English, Hindi & Social Science - Free PDF Download

NCERT solutions are highly important for the students, as from there, they can understand all the answers in detail, without much effort and money expenditures. Students can also download the NCERT solutions Class 8 free pdf of each subject through the link provided below. This pdf includes chapter-wise solutions with accurate descriptions. The solution materials are specifically designed to clear all the doubts of the students. In the PDF, apart from the NCERT Class 8 solutions , we also provide additional questions with the solution to ensure that the students do not leave anything behind while preparing for the examinations.

NCERT 8th solutions is easily available and accessible in Pdf format. The students can download the material anytime and access them on any device, whenever they wish to, without any hassles. Additionally, as the questions are stated too along with the solutions, the students do not even need to carry their books everywhere, and they can directly learn everything with perfect practice, using the Pdfs of the subject materials.

Important NCERT Class 8 Solutions For Mathematics are given below in detail

For Mathematics, we provide the complete NCERT Solutions of Class 8, including a detailed explanation of all the theorems, their real-life applications and examples, and step-wise explanations to help the students understand them well. Further, all the numerical are well explained, and we even provide multiple solutions whenever required. Some of the important chapters and their topics which are discussed in the NCERT solutions are as follows:

Rational Numbers – This is the first chapter and you have to learn a total of 4 exercises in it. The first exercise in this chapter is the properties of rational numbers . In this exercise, you have to learn all the rational number properties, such as closure, distributive, commutative, associative, etc. Practice a few examples for each and understand the concept properly. Solve the exercise questions and you can use the NCERT solutions for Class 8 as reference. In the next exercise, you will learn how to represent rational numbers on a number line, and learn the ways for both proper and improper fractions. 

Practice the steps and solve exercise examples to understand better. The last exercise is about the rational number between two rational numbers, in this exercise you have to learn how to find a rational number between two rational numbers. Practice the formulas and conditions. Solve the exercise examples and questions. You can use the NCERT Maths Solutions as a reference and for additional help.

We Cover All the Exercises in Chapter Given Below:-

Practical Geometry – This is the 4 th chapter and it is an important one. The chapter is short and quick to learn but it requires practice. There are 5 exercises in it. In the first exercise, you will be revising the basic examples and concepts. The second exercise is constructing a quadrilateral. In this exercise, you have to learn the construction of quadrilaterals when their sides, diagonals, and angles are given, learn all the steps for each set of given information such as 4 sides and 1 diagonal, 3 sides and 2 angles, etc. Practice the exercise examples and be thorough with the concepts. The last exercise is on special cases, in this exercise you have to learn about the rhombus and how to construct one. Learn and practice all the steps. You can use the NCERT solutions for extra help. 

Data Handling – In this chapter there are 3 exercises. The first exercise is looking for information. Learn this exercise properly and solve the exercise questions and examples. The second exercise is organizing data, in this exercise you have to learn how to group and organize data. Learn the process and go through the exercise examples. Use the NCERT solutions for the exercise questions. Learn about tally charts properly. The 4 th exercise is a circle graph or pie chart. 

This exercise is very important and you have to learn it properly, for additional help you can always use the NCERT solutions. Learn the steps for creating a pie chart and also learn the formulas. Solve the exercise examples and the questions. The last exercise in this exercise is chance and probability, you will learn about chance and probability of events, you will also learn the probability formula, etc. Practice all the examples before solving the exercise questions. Use the NCERT solutions as they will help you understand the topics and concepts better.

Mensuration – This chapter has 4 exercises and it is one of the salient chapters. The first important exercise is the area of a trapezium, you have to learn the definition and basic concept of a trapezium. Next, you have to learn the properties of a trapezium and the formula of area and perimeter of a trapezium. Practice examples and questions related to it. You also have to learn the derivation of area. Finally, you have to learn the applications of a trapezium. Be thorough with all the topics and solve the exercise questions. 

The next exercise is the area of general quadrilaterals. In this exercise, you have to learn the properties of a quadrilateral and the area of the quadrilateral. Solve examples and exercise questions. Another important exercise in this chapter is the area of the polygon. Learn the definition, formula, and the formula of area. Practice examples and understand the concept properly. The 7 th exercise in this chapter is the surface area of a cube, cuboid, and cylinder. In this exercise, you have to learn the formulas and practise examples to understand the concept properly. Learn the total surface area formula of a cube, cuboid, and cylinder and solve as many questions as possible related to them. The next exercise is the volume of cube, cuboid, and cylinder, in this you have to learn how to solve questions on volume. 

Practice examples and exercise questions using the Class 8 NCERT solutions for better understanding. The last exercise of this chapter is volume and capacity, in this exercise you have to learn about capacity and its formula. Solve questions related to it and be thorough. You also have to learn the difference between volume and capacity. Solve the exercise questions and practice additional questions from the NCERT solutions. 

Another basic but important chapter is the introduction to graphs. In the first exercise, you have to learn about the types of graphs, how to plot graphs, uses, examples, etc. practice all the types of line graphs and go through a few examples for each. The next exercise is the linear graph, you have to learn the linear graph equation and solve questions from the exercise. You must also be thorough with the exercise examples. The last exercise is the application of a linear graph, this exercise is fairly easy and you can finish it quickly. Solve questions based on linear graph application and practice examples before moving to exercise questions. While solving the exercise questions use the NCERT solutions for help, also the topics are excellently explained and you will find it easier to learn. 

NCERT Class 8 Solutions For Science

We provide NCERT solutions Class 8 for Science, including all the chapters under the classification of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. With the help of these solutions, the students can learn the subject well and clear all the basics. Science is already an important subject, and Class 8 has many vital chapters that everyone must know well. To ensure an easy understanding, we provide the best NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science.

Students can access NCERT Solutions of  Class 8  Physics, Chemistry, and Biology pdf through the link below

NCERT Solutions of Class 8 Physics

In the Physics syllabus, there are 7 chapters. The NCERT solutions have covered all the topics and also provide a better explanation. Some of the important chapters and topics in the class 8 physics solutions are as follows:

Force and Pressure – In this chapter, there are 10 questions and all of them are important. Learn about the types of force, contact force, non-contact force, etc. You also have to learn what push is and what pull is, their difference, etc. Solve the questions, and be thorough. Learn about pressure, its definition, etc. You also have to learn about atmospheric pressure and pressure exerted by liquids and gases. Solve all the exercise questions and understand the concepts properly. 

Friction – In this chapter there are 10 questions. Learn about friction, factors affecting, fluid friction, its uses, etc. Practice and understand the topics. Be very thorough while studying and use the NCERT solutions for the questions, this will help you to prepare better. 

Sound – In this chapter, there are 13 questions. In this, you have to learn how sound is produced by a vibrating body. Be thorough while reading and understand the concept. In the next, you will learn how sound is produced by humans. You also have to focus on the topics like amplitude, time period, and frequency. Learn about noise and noise pollution also. Practice all the questions and revise daily. 

Some Natural Phenomena – In this chapter, you will learn about natural phenomena like lightning, transfer of charge, charging by rubbing, etc. You also have to learn about lighting safety and earthquakes. Solve the exercise questions and study the topics carefully. Maintain separate notes for revision and practice. The story of lighting is very important. You must study it thoroughly. Use the NCERT solutions for extra support and help. 

Starts and The Solar System – This is the last chapter in your physics syllabus. In this chapter, you will learn about the moon, the stars, constellations, the solar system, etc. Learn all the topics thoroughly, and practice the questions.

NCERT Solutions of Class 8 Chemistry – In the chemistry solutions there are 5 chapters. Some of the important chapters and their topics are as follows:

Synthetic Fibres and Plastics – There are 15 questions in this chapter. Learn about synthetic fibres, their types, characteristics, etc. You also have to learn about plastics, their advantages, and their disadvantages.

Coal and Petroleum – In this chapter, there are 9 questions . In this chapter, you will learn about coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc. You also have to learn their use, advantages, and disadvantages. Be thorough while solving the questions and use the NCERT solutions as a reference. 

Pollution in Air and Water – This is the last chapter and there are 11 questions . You have to learn about air pollution, the greenhouse effect, etc. study the cases, and be thorough with the chapter. You can also highlight the salient points. Next, you have to learn about water pollution, how it gets polluted, precautions and ways to minimize them, etc. Practice and revise the chapter properly. This chapter looks lengthy but it is very easy and you can score well in it. NCERT solutions provide a great explanation for all the above topics thus, you can prepare from it. 

NCERT Class 8 Solutions For Social Studies

Social Studies itself is a vast subject, and it has three sub-parts, including History, Civics, and Geography. We provide NCERT solution Class 8 for Social Studies to help the students understand all the chapters well, from all three subdivisions of the subject. The list of chapter in Social Studies for Class 8 include:

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English

Given below are the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English. These solutions are provided by the English experts at Vedantu in a detailed manner. Go through these chapter-wise solutions to be thoroughly familiar with the concepts.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi

Given below are the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi. These solutions are provided by the Hindi experts at Vedantu in a detailed manner. Go through these chapter-wise solutions to be thoroughly familiar with the concepts.

NCERT Class 8 Subjects - Marks Weightage

Apart from having the best Class 8th NCERT solutions, it is also necessary to know the marks Weightage well, as it helps a lot in the preparations. Every subject carries a total of 100 marks in Class 8, and in that 20 marks are for internal assessment and 80 for the final examinations.

Significance NCERT Solutions for Class 8 All Subjects

Students of Class 8 need to complete their syllabus properly if they want to stay ahead in class and perform well in their exams. They can manage to cover the syllabus if they follow the classes regularly and study the chapters. However, in order to get some detailed insights about each subject and specific chapters, students need something more than classes. So, on that note, the Class 8 All Subject Question Answer PDF along with NCERT solutions will help the students completely dominate their syllabus and score good marks in the examination. Students can easily find the solutions to any question from the NCERT books of Class 8 . Not to mention that they can also get detailed solutions for other additional important topics that might be asked in the exams.

Regular practice of the NCERT solutions will enable students to understand the exam pattern of NCERT . Vedantu experts have taken their time to formulate these solutions according to the CBSE guidelines. Thus students can definitely get the guidance and support that they need to improve their answering skills and expand their knowledge.

Benefits of Downloading NCERT Solutions Class 8 Chapter Wise List

The experts are well-versed in every subject and have designed the solutions in such a way that students will get correct explanations of the different questions. This way, they will be able to better understand the concepts and subjects taught in class 8.

The solutions are specifically designed to make sure that the students do not miss out on anything, and get the best preparation for the examinations.

The solutions provided are systematically designed, and well supported with examples and in-depth descriptions.

Along with the solutions, the important questions are also marked, and the students are also provided real-life applications of the topics.

The NCERT solutions also carry the explanations of the lessons, ensuring that the students understand every concept briefly.

The students will be able to analyse the important questions as well as NCERT solutions to figure out the probable questions that might be asked in the examinations. So, this way they will be able to prepare themselves better for the final exams and score more.

Even if you miss out on some of your classes, you can just download NCERT solutions from Vedantu for Class 8 and study from there. These PDF files contain notes, solutions, important questions, and other study materials that will help you learn better.

Download Free NCERT Class 8 Solutions from Vedantu right now and learn about the important topics covered in Class 8 NCERT Solutions . Students will be able to boost their exam preparation strategy by downloading and studying from these important solutions. They can find out the right way to answer questions so as to score more marks in the exam. Not to mention that students will also be able to finish their revision early with the important solutions and notes and thus enhance their exam performance.

Important Related Links for NCERT Class 8

CBSE Class 8 Revision Notes

NCERT Books for Class 8

Important Questions for CBSE Class 8

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 8

CBSE Class 8 Syllabus

CBSE Class 8 Maths Formulas

FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 8

1. Why is NCERT solutions Class 8 Pdf important?

Having NCERT solution of Class 8 in pdf format is very useful for the students to learn well and get the best preparation. The pdf format of the solution ensures that they can be easily downloaded anytime and anywhere, and can be easily accessed on any device. These pdf formats of the solutions also contain questions and problem statements. It ensures that the students do not need to carry the entire books everywhere. Students can secure good marks referring to them.

2. What are the advantages of having the Class 8 NCERT solution?

There are many advantages of having an NCERT solution for class 8, like:

These solutions are designed by the experts, making sure that the students get a proper understanding of them.

Having the NCERT solutions ensures that the students will not face any hurdles while preparing.

Having the NCERT solutions also makes sure that the students will get the best preparation materials and will not lag anywhere.

These solution materials also contain the explanation of the chapters, making it easier for the students to understand every concept.

In the solution pdfs, the important questions are also marked, and examples of every solution are also stated.

3. What should I do to get a good percentage in Class 8 exams? 

If you are a Class 8 student and wish to get a good percentage in exams then follow the tips given below. 

You must start preparing for the exams at an early stage right from the starting of your academic session. Doing so will enable you to complete your course on time so that you can invest your extra time in revision. 

Try to attend your school daily. 

Revise all subjects and their respective chapters at your home. 

Practice the textbook questions along with the NCERT Solutions of Class 8 to grasp the concepts. 

4. How can I make a study plan for Class 8? 

The steps for making a good study plan for Class 8 are- 

First, you should begin with knowing the faults in your current timetable. You have to rearrange your timetable and do those activities first that are important. For instance, preparing for class tests, home assignments, etc. 

Know when you like to study. Whether you like studying early in the morning or at night.  Just know the time and start studying. 

Be sure to take small breaks every 1-2 hours of studying. You can take a 5 to 10 minutes break and then resume. 

Try to give at least one hour to every subject for revising concepts. However, you can increase or decrease the time duration as per your preference and preparation. 

5. How can I download the NCERT Solutions of Class 8 for different subjects? 

Ans: Here are the steps to download the NCERT Solutions of Class 8 for different subjects. 

There will be a download link for each subject and chapter in this page.

Click on the link.

You will see a download PDF option on that page. 

Click on it to download offline for free.

6. Are subjects of Class 8 easy or difficult? 

Well, the answer to this question depends on the calibre of the student. Some students may find this class easy to clear as they are good at academics. At the same time, there are some students too, who will find this class tough as they are not good in their studies. Such students are recommended to begin with their studies at an early phase so that they can complete their syllabus on time along with understanding the concepts thoroughly. Moreover, they can refer to the NCERT Solutions for all subjects and the chapters for better comprehension. All the study material is available on the Vedantu app and the website. 

7. Why is Vedantu considered the best online learning platform to study for Class 8? 

Vedantu is considered the best online learning platform to study Class 8 due to the following reasons-

It provides different types of study materials including the NCERT Solutions of the chapters, revision notes, important questions, sample question papers, etc., so that the students can learn and understand the concepts clearly. 

These study materials are prepared by professionals who have years of experience in the field of teaching. 

The content in these study materials is easy to comprehend. 

They offer the facility of video tutorials for efficient learning. 

CBSE Class 8 Study Materials

NCERT Books

NCERT Geography Book Class 8 PDF Download

NCERT Class 8 Geography Books : The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) publishes Geography textbooks for Class 8. The NCERT Class 8th Geography textbooks are well known for it’s updated and thoroughly revised syllabus. The NCERT Geography Books are based on the latest exam pattern and CBSE syllabus. NCERT has a good image when it comes to publishing the study materials for the students. NCERT keeps on updating the Geography books with the help of the latest question papers of each year. The Class 8 Geography books of NCERT are very well known for its presentation. The use of these books is not only suitable for studying the regular syllabus of various boards but it can also be useful for the candidates appearing for various competitive exams UPSC, Staff Selection Commission, PSU’s, Railways, PSC Exams.

NCERT Class 8 Geography Books PDF Download in English and Hindi Medium

NCERT Class 8 Geography Books are provided in PDF form so that students can access it at anytime anywhere. Class 8 NCERT Geography Books are created by the best professors who are experts in Geography and have good knowledge in the subject.

Resource And Development NCERT Geography Book Class 8 PDF in English Medium

• Chapter 1 Resources
• Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources
• Chapter 4 Agriculture
• Chapter 5 Industries
• Chapter 6 Human Resource

NCERT Geography Book Class 8 PDF in Hindi Medium

• Chapter 1 Resources (संसाधन)
• Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources (भूमि, मृदा, जल, प्राकृतिक वनस्पति और वन्य जीवन संसाधन)
• Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources (खनिज और शक्ति संसाधन )
• Chapter 4 Agriculture (कृषि)
• Chapter 5 Industries (उद्योग)
• Chapter 6 Human Resources (मानव संसाधन)

The NCERT syllabus mainly focuses on this book to make it student-friendly to make it useful for both the students and the competitive exam aspirants. The book covers a detailed Geography based on the syllabuses of various boards. NCERT Geography Books for Class 8 is perfectly compatible with almost every Indian education state and central boards.

We hope that this detailed article on NCERT Class 8 Geography Books helps you in your preparation and you crack the Class 8 exams or competitive exams with excellent scores. For your convenience, you can download PDFs of books and structure your study plan ahead. You should focus more on practicing previous year question papers too as this will further assist you in understanding the frequency of questions.

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• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Syllabus
• Class 8 Syllabus
• NCERT Syllabus For Class 8 Geography

NCERT Syllabus Class 8 Geography

Ncert syllabus for class 8 geography – free pdf download.

Geography is an integral component of the Social Science subject. The subject introduces students to the basic concepts which are necessary for understanding the world in which they live. The NCERT Class 8 Geography also promotes the interdependence of various regions and countries.

To know the interesting topics that are there in the Geography subject, students must closely go through the NCERT Syllabus for Class 8 . Here, we have provided the detailed NCERT Class 8 Geography Syllabus, which students can also download in PDF format.

Download NCERT Syllabus for Class 8 Geography PDF 2023-24

Topics and objectives of the NCERT Syllabus Class 8 Geography are provided in the table below. Also, the number of periods required to finish a particular topic is mentioned in the table.

Students can study all the topics mentioned in the NCERT Syllabus from the  NCERT Class 8 Textbook of Geography.

Project/Activity for Class 8 Geography Subject

Below we have listed the project work and activities for students.

• Observe and report on local agricultural practices and crops grown/manufacturing industries.
• Collect information regarding some endangered plants and animal species of India.
• Visit an industry/local agricultural farm.
• Prepare a chart showing the difference between the lifestyle of farmers in the developed countries and India on the basis of pictures collected from magazines, newspapers and the internet.

To attain a firm grip over the key topics present in the NCERT Syllabus of any class and subject, refer to the NCERT Solutions . This resource comes in handy for preparing notes and quick revisions.

Keep learning and stay tuned for further updates on the NCERT Syllabus , CBSE, and other competitive exams. Download BYJU’S – The Learning App and subscribe to our YouTube channel to access interactive Maths and Science videos.

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Class 8 Geography Syllabus

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NCERT Solutions Class 8 English Honeydew Poem 2 Geography Lesson.

NCERT Solutions Class 8, English, Honeydew, Poem - 2, Geography Lesson.

To achieve a thorough understanding of this chapter and excel in CBSE exams and competitive tests, utilizing  NCERT Solutions  is highly advised. These solutions, created by subject experts, provide a detailed exploration of all essential concepts covered in the chapter.  Tailored specifically to the CBSE syllabus , they ensure comprehensive preparation and invaluable assistance in your studies.

This article delves into the significance of NCERT solutions for Class 8 English, highlighting their structured approach and effective utilization for learning and application by students.

In these  NCERT Solutions for  Class 8 English , we have discussed all types of NCERT intext questions and exercise questions.

Our NCERT Solutions for  Class 8 English  provide detailed explanations to assist students with their homework and assignments. Proper command and ample practice of topic-related questions provided by our NCERT solutions is the most effective way to achieve full marks in your exams. Begin studying right away to ace your exams.

Easily access all solutions and practice questions at your fingertips to kick-start your preparation immediately.

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NCERT Solutions Class 8, English, Honeydew, Poem, Chapter- 2, Geography Lesson.

Working with the poem

1. Find three or four phrases in stanzas one and two which are likely to occur in a geography lesson.

• scaled six inches to the mile
• valleys were populated
• land and water attracted man.

2. Seen from the window of an aeroplane, the city appears

(i) as haphazard as on ground. (ii) as neat as a map. (iii) as developed as necessary.

Mark the right answer

The correct option is :  (iii) as developed as necessary.

3. Which of the following statements are examples of “the logic of geography”?

(i) There are cities where there are rivers. (ii) Cities appear as they are not from six miles above the ground. (iii) It is easy to understand why valleys are populated. (iv) It is difficult to understand why humans hate and kill one another. (v) The earth is round, and it has more sea than land.

Solution:  (i), (iii) and (iv) are the correct statements.

4. Mention two things that are

(i) clear from the height.

From the height, it was clear why the country had cities where the rivers ran and why the valleys were populated. It was also clear that the earth was round and that it had more sea than land.

(ii) not clear from the height.

From the height, it was not clear why the men on the earth found reasons to hate each other. It was also not understandable why men had to build walls across cities and why they had to kill.

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