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Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Case study 1:, case study 2:, case study 3:, case study 4:, case study 5:.

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Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions

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If you’re looking for CBSE Class 10 Social Science case study questions, myCBSEguide provides all the resources you need. We have a wide range of Class 10 Social Science case studies covering various topics, and our team of experts is on hand to provide guidance and support to Class 10 students. Whether you’re struggling with a particular topic or just need some extra help, myCBSEguide is the perfect place to turn.

Purpose of Class 10 Social Science

Up to the secondary level of schooling, social science is a core course. It is an essential component of a general education because it assists Class 10 Social Science students in comprehending the environment as a whole and acquiring a broader perspective as well as an empirical, reasonable, and humanitarian outlook. This is critical because it helps Class 10 Social Science students into well-informed and responsible citizens with the required qualities and skills to effectively engage and contribute to the process of development and nation-building.

Case Study Questions in Class 10 Social Science

Class 10 social science curriculum includes a wide range of topics. One way to help students learn and retain information from these topics is to incorporate case studies into the classroom. Case studies can provide real-world examples of the concepts being taught, and help students to understand how the theory can be applied in practice.

Incorporating case studies into the Class 10 social science curriculum can also help to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By working through a case study, Class 10 social science students can learn how to identify key issues, consider different options and make decisions. These skills will be valuable in their future studies and careers.

Whichever way case studies are used, they can be a valuable addition to the Class 10 social science curriculum.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

Students must solve a range of Class 10 Social Science case study questions in order to achieve good grades in Social Science. Students in Class 10 Social Science must be looking for some samples of case study questions in order to improve their grades. myCBSEguide has collected a variety of case study questions for Class 10 Social Science that will undoubtedly assist all students studying the subject. We’ve put created a collection of Class 10 Social Science case study questions for you.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Class 10 HISTORY: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, as he called them. The first print of the series shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by it. Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure. She bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. On the earth in the foreground of the image lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading the procession, way past the Statue of Liberty, are the United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states. France, identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. She is followed by the peoples of Germany, bearing the black, red and gold flag. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Who was Frederic Sorrieu?

• French artist
• German Artist
• Italian Artist
• British Artist

In which year did Frederic Sorrier prepare a series of four prints?

Which of the following statements correctly describes “absolutist”?

• Monarchical Government
• Democratic Government
• Uncentralised Government
• Bureaucratic Government

Which of the following is correct with respect to “utopian vision”?

• Homogenous society
• Monarchical society
• Ideal society
• All are correct

Answer Key:

• (a) French artist
• (a) Monarchical Government
• (c) Ideal society

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 2

Class 10 GEOGRAPHY: Lifelines of National Economy

Read the extract and answer the question that follows:

We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air. Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport. For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.

Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

• Explain the necessity of means of transport in modern times. (1)
• Enumerate the domains and means of transport. (2)
• Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country? (2)
• The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
• The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air.
• Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport.
• (Any two relevant points)
• Efficient and good transport for speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of India and to fulfill the needs of the people is needed.
• Goods and services do not move from supply locations to demand locations on their own. This necessitates the need for transport.
•  Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. They go to traders who make the products and take them to the consumers by transportation.
• Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movements over space.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Class 10 POLITICAL SCIENCE: Power-sharing

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:

• Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group.
• Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
• Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
• Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

• India, Srilanka
• Belgium, Sri Lanka
• Wallonia, Brussels
• Flemish, Wallonia
• Which of the following is not the element of “Belgian model”?
• Equal number of ministers for both the groups
• Setting up of Community Government
• More power to the central government
• Equal representation at the state and central level
• “Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government”. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to this?
• The unique government is Community Government
• A single social group is given powers to handle community-related affairs
• Elected by people belonging to Dutch, French and German-speaking
• Power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues
• Which of the following title best describes the given passage?
• The ethnic composition of Belgium
• Accommodation in Sri Lanka
• Accommodation in Belgium
• The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka
• (b) Belgium, Sri Lanka
• (c) More power to central government. [Explanation: Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.]
• (b) Single social group is given powers to handle the community-related affairs. [Explanation: A community government is one in which different social groups are given powers to handle community-related affairs.]
• (c) Accommodation in Belgium

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 4

Class 10 ECONOMICS: Development

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: Besides seeking more income, oneway or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All of these are important goals. In fact, in some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live. Money, or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on non-material things. Consider an example: If you get a job in a far-off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

• Opportunity to learn
• Working atmosphere
• Job security
• All of the above
• The approach of living a life in bungalows, with costly cars, bikes and international tours is ________ life.
• Materialistic
• Both a and c
• “Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who fulfil a mix of goals.” Which of the following statement is incorrect with the given statement?
• A secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
• If there is respect for women, there would be greater acceptance of women working outside.
• If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
• “Besides seeking more income, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others”. What does the given statement signify?
• Mixed goals are important for people for development.
• Common goals are important for people for development.
• Conflicting goals are important for people for development.
• Similar goals are important for people for development.
• (d) All of the above
• (a) Materialistic
• (c) If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases. [Explanation: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.]
• (a) Mixed goals are important for people for development.

Class 10 Social Science curriculum at a glance

The material of the Class 10 Social Science curriculum is mostly drawn from history, geography, politics, and economics. There are also elements of Sociology and Commerce. They provide a holistic vision of society in space and time, as well as in relation to one another. The numerous methods of inquiry used in each topic assist Class 10 Social Science students in understanding society from various perspectives and forming a comprehensive vision. Class 10 Social Science curriculum is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of various disciplines like History, Geography, Economics and Political Science.

The table below provides the complete syllabus structure for Class 10 Social Science curriculum.

Class 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE CONTENT

Reasons to choose myCBSEguide for class 10

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• First and foremost, myCBSEguide provides comprehensive and up-to-date study material for the entire syllabus including class 10 social science case study questions. In addition, myCBSEguide also provides practice questions, sample papers and previous year question papers to help students prepare for the exams.
• Another reason to choose myCBSEguide is the online tests. Online tests are a great way to test your knowledge and prepare for the exams.
• Finally, myCBSEguide also provides a “Home Work help” forum where students can ask questions and get answers.

In conclusion, myCBSEguide is the ideal resource for CBSE social science Class 10 students, offering everything they need to excel in their studies.

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Case Study Questions Chapter 1 Power-sharing

Please refer to the Case Study Questions Chapter 1 Power-sharing with answers provided for Class 10 Social Science. These solved case study based questions are expected to come in the Class 10 Economics exam in the current academic year. We have provided Case study for Class 10 Social Science for all chapters here. You should practise these solved case studies to get more marks in examinations.

Chapter 1 Power-sharing Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science

1. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:

Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. In a democracy, the citizens must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections. If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power. In a democracy, we find interest groups such as those of traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers and industrial workers. They also will have a share in governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or bringing influence on the decision-making process.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.

(i) What does the competition amongst the political parties ensure? (a) power remains in one hand (b) power is shared (c) power does not remain in one hand (d) all the above

(ii) What do you understand by pressure groups? (a) organisations that attempt to oppose government policies (b) organisations that attempt to influence government policies (c) organisations that attempt to reject government policies (d) none of the above

(iii) What is the meaning of coalition? (a) one party (b) oppose (c) alliance (d) multi party

(iv) None-sharing of power leads to (a) peace among all the communities (b) tyranny of the majority and oppression of the majority (c) negation of the very spirit of democracy (d) both (b) and (c)

2. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:

The Belgian leaders took a different path. They recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model: Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no What’s wrong if the majority community rules? If Sinhalas don’t rule in Sri Lanka, where else will they rule? single community can make decisions unilaterally. Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government. Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The Frenchspeaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government. Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the state of Haryana. It has borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. It has a population of a little over one crore, about half the population of Haryana. The ETHNIC composition of this small country is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutchspeaking.

(i) What led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities? (a) Both the communities were equal in socio-economic ladder and this was resented by the French-speaking community. (b) He minority French – speaking community was richer and more powerful than the majority Dutch-speaking community. (c) The majority Dutch- speaking community was richer and more powerful than the minority French-speaking community. (d) Both the communities demanded special powers

(ii) Who elects the community government in Belgium? (a) The citizens of the whole country (b) By the leader of Belgium (c) People belonging to one language community only (d) The community leader to Belgium

(iii) Which language is spoken by the majority of Belgians? (a) Dutch (b) French (c) German (d) English

(iv) Which two languages are generally spoken in Belgium? (a) Dutch and English (b) French and English (c) French and Dutch (d) Dutch and Sinhala

3. Read the given extract and answer the following questions:

Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Let us call this horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions. We studied that in a democracy, even though ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies. Similarly, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

(i) It allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers is known as ___________. (a) circular distribution of power (b) vertical distribution of power (c) horizontal distribution of power (d) all the above

(ii) Power sharing means – (a) system of political arrangements in which power is shared between ministers of the government (b) system of political arrangements in which power is shared between different organs of the government (c) system of political arrangements in which power is shared between different levels of government (d) all the above

(iii) Power sharing is between – (a) legislature, executive and parliament (b) legislature, executive and judiciary (c) legislature, high court and judiciary (d) none of the above

(iv) Judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures, known as ____________. (a) horizontal distribution of power (b) checks and balances (c) vertical distribution of power (d) all the above

4. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:

Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration. Last year, we studied the system of ‘reserved constituencies’ in assemblies and the parliament of our country. This type of arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise would feel alienated from the government. This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power. Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. In a democracy, the citizens must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections.

(i) Power can be shared in modern democracies in the following ways: (a) Among different organs of the government (b) Among various levels (c) Among different social groups (d) All the above

(ii) Which is a prudential reason for power – sharing? (a) It reduces the possibility of conflict between communities and ensures the stability of political order (b) Power- sharing is the very spirit of democracy (c) both the above (d) None of the above

(iii) Which one of the following statements about community government is true? (a) Power is shared among different organs of the government (b) Power is shared among governments at different levels (c) Power is shared by different social groups (d) Power is shared by two or more political parties

(iv) Power sharing is good because: (a) It increase the conflict between social groups (b) It ensures the instability of political order (c) It reduces the possibility of conflict between social groups (d) It leads to violence

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Why is power sharing good for democracies? Explain one reason. Ans.  Power sharing is good for the democracy as it helps to reduce conflicts between the social groups. Since social conflicts often lead to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure stability and political order.

Question. How is community government elected in Belgium? Ans.  In Belgium, community government is elected by all those people who belong to one community and all those who speak the same language regardless of where they live.

Question. An independent Tamil Eelam was one of the main demands of the Tamils in Sri Lanka. What is meant by ‘Eelam’ here? Ans.  Here ‘Eelam’ means a separate state exclusively meant for the Tamils.

Question. Why is power sharing desirable? Explain one reason. Ans.  Power sharing reduces possibilities of social conflicts and the accumulation of powers in the hands of a particular group of people.

Question. How did the feeling of alienation develop among Sri Lankan Tamils? Ans.  The feeling of alienation developed among Sri Lankan Tamils because of the ‘majoritarian measures’ adopted by the Sri Lankan government.

Question. Study the picture and answer the question that follows:

What is the character doing in the given picture? Ans.  To understand the true meaning of democracy, the character is trying to read in between the lines of a paragraph probably published in a newspaper.

Question. Differentiate between community government in Belgium and majoritarian government in Sri Lanka. Ans.

Question. Why was there an acute problem in Brussels during 1950s and 1960s between the two communities ? Ans.  Acute problems in Brussels: The Dutch speaking people constituted majority in the country but minority in the capital.

Question. Why is there a need to give space to diverse social groups in the administration of a democratic country? Give any one reason. Ans.  It is necessary to give space to diverse social groups in the administration of a country to avoid majoritarianism, accumulation of power in the hands of a particular social group which would lead to social conflicts.

Question. Recognize the form of power sharing which is represented by the Community Government in Belgium. Ans.  Power sharing among different social groups like the religious and linguistic groups.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. ‘One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power.’ Justify the statement. Ans.  This is true that people are the source of all political power in democracy. It is so because: (1) In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-governance. (2) In a good democracy, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. (3) Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies.

Question. Why does money and muscle power play an important role in elections? Ans.  Money and muscle power play an important role in elections because: Parties tend to nominate only those candidates who have or can raise lots of money. Rich people and companies who fund political parties are bound to have great influence over the decisions, agenda and ideology of the party. When in power, most actions are taken keeping their benefits in mind.to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party. In some cases parties even support criminals who can win election due to their influence and muscle power.

Question. Describe the horizontal power sharing arrangement. OR What do you mean by Horizontal Power sharing? Mention its benefits. Ans.  Horizontal power sharing arrangement is one of the types of power sharing. This type of power sharing takes place among different organs or institutions of government all placed at the same level. No organ is subordinate to the other. Power is equally divided among the three organs with different functions for each of them. These organs are independent and check over one another for misuse of power. In India, this kind of arrangement is found among legislative, executive and judicial organs at all levels. This helps to avoid accumulation of power.

Question. Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies but they follow different systems of power sharing. Support the statement by giving three points of difference. Ans.  Difference in power sharing arrangements of Belgium and Sri Lanka: (1) In Belgium, the government does not follow preferential policies in matters of jobs and education unlike Sri lanka. In Sri Lanka, majoritarian government gave its preference to only Sinhala language speaking community. (2) In Belgium, there is a unique setup called ‘community government’ to look after the cultural, educational and language related issues of minorities and majority. In Sri Lanka, issues of minorities are neglected. (3) In Belgium, there is no discrimination between different religions. In Sri Lanka, Buddhism is the official religion. People practicing other religion are discriminated against.

Question. How did the Sri Lankan Tamils express their discontent after the majoritarian measures were adopted by the Sri Lankan government in 1956? Ans.  The ways that the Sri Lankan Tamils used to express their discontent were as follows: (1) Put forward their demands: They launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. (2) Formed Political Organisations: By 1980s several political oganisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil state in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. (3) Led Civil War: The distrust between the two communities led to a civil war in which thousands of people of both the communities have been killed, many others took shelter as refugees in other countries and causing terrible set back to the socio-cultural and economic life of the Sri Lanka.

Question. Describe the elements of the Belgian model for accommodating diversities. Ans.  The Belgian model for accommodation of diversities has been explained below: (1) To establish equality, the Belgian Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government and resolutions shall require the support of each linguistic group to be passed. (2) State governments are not made subordinates to the central government. Their powers are divided. (3) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. (4) A third kind of government, ‘community government’ (in which different social groups are given the power to handle affairs related to their communities and are expected to work jointly)’ has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.

Question. Compare Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka and Model of Accommodation in Belgium. Ans.  

Question. What are the two main forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Ans.  Power can be shared or distributed among various organisations or institutions in two ways: Horizontal and Vertical. (1) Horizontal Distribution of Power Sharing: In this system power is shared among different organs of the governments in which each organ of government, i.e. Judiciary, Legislature and Executive are placed at the same level to exercise different powers in such a way that none of the organ exercise unlimited power. Besides, each organ checks the others which makes a balance of power among various institutions. For example, judiciary checks the functioning of the executive or laws made by legislature. That is why, this system is called a system of checks and balances also. (2) Vertical Distribution of Power Sharing: In this system, power is shared among governments at different levels. For example: Central/Union Government for the entire country at national level, States Governments/Provincial or Regional Governments at state level while Munici-pality and Panchayats at the local level share the power in our country. This division of powers involving higher and lower levels of government is called vertical distribution of power sharing. In India, the Central Government is more powerful than its subordinate governments.

Question. Why is power sharing desirable? Give any three prudential and moral reasons of power sharing? Ans.  Power sharing is necessary in democratic form of government. Prudential and Moral reasons of power sharing are as follows:

Prudential Reasons: (1) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflicts between social groups. For example, seats in legislative assemblies and parliament have been reserved for SCs and STs. (2) Power sharing is good way to ensure political stability (stable government) in the country. (3) Imposing the will of majority community over the minority may undermine the unity of the nation in long run. For example, in civil war between Tamils and Sinhala in Sri Lanka, killed lakhs of people from both the communities.

Moral Reasons: (1) Power sharing is the spirit of democracy. (2) It involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise.

Question. Read the source given below and answer the question that follows: Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. What do you mean by Majoritarian measures and majoritarianism? Explain with emphasis as to what happened in Sri Lanka. Ans.  The belief that a majority community can dominate multiple minority communities only because it has more number of people and can administer a country according to its own whims and fancies, without considering or respecting the interests of the minority community is called Majoritarianism. Measures to favour the majority are called majoritarian measures. Majoritarianism was practiced in Sri Lanka when a democractically elected government assumed power in the parliament and to please the majority, passed laws supporting Sinhala speakers neglecting the interest of Sri lankan Tamils. Sinhala speakers were preferred in educational and professional institutions above Sri Lankan Tamils. This turned into civil war due to rising conflicts between the two communities.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Mention any three different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Ans.  In modern democracies, power-sharing arrange-ments can take many forms: (1) Among diffferent organs of government:  This type is also known as horizontal distribution of powers. Powers are distributed among Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. They are all placed at the same level and none is given absolute power. (2) Among governments at different levels:  Also known as vertical distribution of powers. Herein the Central or National power of law making, execution and judiciary are divided into their sub-units at state and local level. The Central Unit holds the most power but cannot order state or local units. (3) Among different social groups:  Power may also be shared among different social, religious and linguistic groups. For example, Community Government in Belgium, reservations in jobs, posts for certain caste groups in India. (4) Among political parties, pressure  groups and movements:  Power is shared among various political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Interest groups such as those of traders, businessmen also have certain share without actually participating in politics directly.

Question. Explain with examples the accommodative experience of Belgium for peace and harmony. Ans.  The accommodative experience of Belgium for peace and harmony (1) The Path of accommodation adopted in Belgium. (2) Dutch and French speaking ministers got equal in the central govt. (3) Many Powers of the central government have been given to state government. (4) The state Government was not subordinate to the Central Govt. (5) Brussels has a separate Govt. in which both the communities have equal representation. (6) There is a third kind of Govt. called community Govt. elected by the people belonging to Dutch, French and German communities no matter where they live.

Question. Explain the ethnic composition of Sri Lanka. Ans.  The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka: (1) Sri Lanka has a diverse population of about two crore people, almost equal to Haryana. (2) The major social groups are the Sinhalaspeakers (74 per cent) and the Tamilspeakers (18 per cent). (3) Tamils have two sub-groups-Sri Lankan Tamils (13 per cent) and Indian Tamils (5 per cent). (4) Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims (5) There are about 7 per cent Christians, who are both Tamils and Sinhala.

Question. ‘The Belgian Model of power sharing was better’. Support this statement with three arguments. Ans.  The Belgian model of power sharing was better because: (1) At the centre, there were both French and Dutch ministers and their number was equal. (2) The centre and the state governments had equal and independent powers. (3) A separate government was elected for the city of Brussels and had equal ministers of both the language speaking groups-French and Dutch. (4) A third government called ‘Community Government’ was elected by Dutch, French and the German speaking people. This government had the power of handling the issues related to their language, culture and education. (5) It helped to avoid civic strife between the two major communities and a possible division of the country on linguistic lines. Later, its capital Brussels was chosen as its headquarters by the countries of European Union.

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CBSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Important Questions Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1 Power Sharing Class 10 Important Questions and Answers PDF Download

Power Sharing Class 10 Important Questions highlights how various forms of power sharing, such as federalism, decentralisation, and the accommodation of diverse communities, help prevent conflicts and promote democratic principles. Understanding these mechanisms is important for recognising how democratic institutions function to represent and balance the interests of different groups in a society.

Vedantu makes it easier for students to understand the Power Sharing Class 10 Important Questions and Answers PDF and the ideas it wants to express in Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Important Questions . Students can get the PDF of these notes, making it simple to study and review whenever they need with the updated CBSE Class 10 Social Science Syllabus .

Access the Important Questions for Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1 Power - Sharing

1. Why is it bad if the community as a whole rules? Where else will Sinhalas dominate if they don't already control Sri Lanka?

The problem with the majority community ruling exclusively is that it can lead to the marginalisation and suppression of minority groups. In a democracy, effective governance should reflect the interests and rights of all communities, not just the majority.

In the context of Sri Lanka, if the Sinhalas, being the majority community, did not rule, it does not mean that they would be without influence or leadership roles in other areas. 

Effective power-sharing mechanisms are designed to ensure that all communities, including minorities, have a voice and participation in governance. 

The goal is to create an inclusive society where all groups can coexist peacefully and contribute to decision-making processes, regardless of their numerical strength.

2. What makes power sharing a good idea? Provide two arguments in favour of the assertion.

Prevents Conflict: Power-sharing ensures that all groups, including minorities, have a role in governance. This inclusion helps to prevent conflicts and grievances that arise when one group dominates and others feel excluded or marginalised. By distributing power, societies can maintain stability and peace.

Promotes Inclusivity and Democracy: It reflects the principles of democracy and fairness, where every group's interests and rights are considered. This inclusivity fosters a sense of belonging and participation among all citizens, leading to more balanced and representative decision-making.

3. What kinds of power-sharing exist in contemporary democracies? Illustrate each of them.

Horizontal Division of Power: This involves the separation of powers among different branches of government—executive, legislative, and judiciary. For example, in the United States, the President (executive), Congress (legislative), and the Supreme Court (judiciary) operate independently to prevent any single branch from becoming too powerful.

Federal Division of Power: In a federal system, power is divided between central and regional governments. For instance, in India, power is shared between the central government and state governments, allowing regional governments to make decisions on local matters.

Community or Group-Based Power Sharing: This form involves allocating power to various communities or groups to ensure their representation in governance. In Belgium, power is shared among different linguistic communities-Flemish, French, and German-speaking—allowing each community to have a say in national decisions.

Proportional Representation: This system ensures that political representation in legislatures reflects the proportion of votes each party receives. For example, in the Netherlands, seats in the parliament are allocated based on the percentage of votes each party receives, ensuring a more accurate representation of diverse political views.

Decentralisation: Power is distributed to lower levels of government to make decision-making more localised. For example, in Switzerland, cantons have significant autonomy and decision-making power, allowing them to address local needs effectively while remaining part of the federal system.

4. Give one ethical and one prudential justification for power sharing, using an Indian example.

Prudential Reason for Power-Sharing

Reason: Power-sharing helps in reducing conflicts and maintaining stability in a diverse society.

Example: In India, power-sharing through federalism allows various states and regions to govern themselves on local matters while remaining part of the Indian Union. This approach helps accommodate regional differences and prevent conflicts, such as those experienced in the states of Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir, where local governance structures address specific regional needs and aspirations.

Moral Reason for Power-Sharing

Reason: Power-sharing ensures that all groups, especially minorities, have a voice in decision-making, which is essential for democratic equality and justice.

Example : In India, the reservation system in legislative bodies ensures that Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) have reserved seats in Parliament and state legislatures. This power-sharing mechanism upholds the principle of inclusive democracy by giving these historically marginalised communities a guaranteed representation, thus promoting social justice and equality.

5. The essence of democracy is power sharing. Do you concur?

Ans: Yes, I agree that power-sharing is the essence of democracy. In a democratic system, power-sharing ensures that no single group or individual has absolute control, which upholds the principles of equality and fairness. By distributing power among various institutions and groups, democracies foster greater inclusivity, represent diverse interests, and prevent the concentration of power, thereby supporting the fundamental democratic values of participation and accountability.

6. The mayor of Merchtem, a Belgian municipality close to Brussels, has defended the town's educational policy prohibiting the use of French. The prohibition, he claimed, would facilitate the integration of all non-Dutch speakers into this Flemish town. Do you believe that this action adheres to the principles of Belgium's power-sharing agreements? 

Ans: No, this measure is not in keeping with Belgium’s power-sharing spirit. Belgium's power-sharing arrangements respect linguistic diversity by promoting accommodation rather than exclusion. Banning French in a bilingual context undermines the principle of mutual respect and integration for all language communities, contrary to Belgium’s commitment to inclusive governance.

7. Democracy benefits from power sharing. True or False

Ans: True. Power-sharing is beneficial for democracy as it ensures that diverse groups and communities have a voice in decision-making, promotes stability, and helps prevent the dominance of a single group. It supports fairness and inclusivity, which are fundamental to a democratic society.

8. Power sharing lessens the likelihood of conflict among social groups.  True or False

Ans: True. Power-sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups by ensuring that different groups have a say in governance and decision-making. This inclusive approach promotes cooperation and helps address grievances, which can prevent conflicts and foster social harmony.

9. Only in civilizations where there are linguistic, religious, or ethnic divides is power-sharing required. Do you concur with this? Why?

Ans: No, I do not agree. While power-sharing is important in societies with religious, linguistic, or ethnic divisions to ensure fair representation and prevent conflicts, it is also important in more homogenous societies. Power-sharing can enhance democratic governance by promoting inclusivity, accountability, and balanced decision-making, thereby strengthening the overall political system and ensuring that diverse perspectives are considered.

10. For what reason has power-sharing been popular? Why would a democracy require it?

Inclusivity: Power-sharing ensures that various social, ethnic, or religious groups have a voice in governance, promoting fairness and representation.

Conflict Prevention: Distributing power among different groups, helps prevent domination by a single group, thereby reducing the likelihood of conflict and fostering stability.

Strengthening Democracy: It supports democratic values by making governance more participatory and accountable, ensuring that decisions reflect the interests of a broader section of society.

Balanced Decision-Making : Diverse viewpoints can lead to more balanced and thoughtful policy-making, as different perspectives are considered in the decision-making process.

Ans: In Sri Lanka, the majority and minority groups are as follows:

Majority Group: The Sinhalese, who are primarily Buddhist, constitute the majority of the population.

Minority Groups: The Tamils, who are mostly Hindu and also include a significant Muslim population, are the main minority groups. The Tamil population is further divided into Tamils of Sri Lankan origin and Tamils of Indian origin.

12. In Sri Lanka, what does majoritarianism mean? Talk about it.

Political Dominance: The Sinhalese majority, being around 74% of the population, has historically dominated Sri Lankan politics. Policies and decisions often favour Sinhalese interests, marginalising Tamil and Muslim communities. For instance, the official language policy initially declared Sinhala as the sole official language, sidelining Tamil, which was a language spoken by a substantial minority.

Constitutional and Legal Framework: Majoritarianism is reflected in constitutional provisions and laws that favour Sinhalese Buddhist practices. For example, the Constitution recognises Buddhism as the foremost religion, which has been interpreted to promote Buddhist interests in various public spheres.

Impact on Minorities: This system has led to alienation and conflict among minority groups. The Tamils, who felt politically and culturally excluded, have faced discrimination, contributing to prolonged civil unrest and violence, including the Sri Lankan Civil War that lasted nearly three decades.

Efforts at Reconciliation: While there have been efforts to address these imbalances through power-sharing arrangements and peace talks, challenges remain. The introduction of federal systems or power-sharing mechanisms aimed to provide more equitable representation and rights to minority communities but has faced resistance and implementation issues.

13. Describe what is meant by the term "federal division of power."

In a federal system, the central government and regional governments (like states or provinces) each have their areas of authority. For example, the central government might handle national defence, foreign policy, and currency, while regional governments manage local issues such as education, healthcare, and transportation.

The division of powers is typically outlined in a constitution or similar legal document. This constitution specifies which powers are exclusive to each level of government and which powers are shared or concurrent. It helps in maintaining a clear structure and preventing conflicts between different levels of government.

Federal systems allow for regional autonomy, meaning that states or provinces can make decisions on certain matters independently of the central government. However, there must also be coordination and cooperation between the central and regional governments to manage shared responsibilities and ensure a cohesive national policy.

Examples: Countries like the United States, India, and Germany are examples of federal systems. In these countries, powers and responsibilities are divided between the national government and individual states or provinces, each with its own legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

14. What was the composition of the Brussels Government? Describe.

Ans: The Brussels Government, established within Belgium’s federal framework, reflects the country's commitment to accommodating its linguistic and regional diversity. It is led by a Minister-President and includes ministers representing various portfolios, ensuring bilingual functionality in Dutch and French, given the region's official status. The government operates alongside the Brussels Regional Parliament, which legislates for the Brussels Capital Region. This structure exemplifies Belgium’s power-sharing principles, ensuring balanced representation and addressing the needs of both Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities in a region characterised by its unique linguistic and political landscape.

15. Explain the demands that the Tamil people in Sri Lanka are making.

Autonomous Political Status: Tamilians sought the establishment of an autonomous Tamil Eelam, a separate state in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka where they constitute a majority, to ensure self-governance and political representation.

Recognition of Tamil as an Official Language: They demanded that Tamil be recognised as an official language alongside Sinhala, reflecting the linguistic diversity of the country and ensuring equitable treatment in government and public services.

Equal Rights and Fair Representation: Tamilians advocated for equal rights in employment, education, and political representation, aiming to address historical inequalities and discrimination faced by their community.

Protection of Cultural and Religious Rights: They sought guarantees for the preservation of Tamil cultural and religious practices, including the protection of Tamil heritage sites and the right to practice their religion freely.

Reparations for Conflict-Related Damages: In the wake of the civil conflict, Tamilians called for compensation and assistance for those affected by violence and displacement, as well as mechanisms for justice and reconciliation.

16. Describe the fundamental tenets of democracy.

Decisions in a democracy are made based on the will of the majority, ensuring that the preferences of the majority of the population shape the policies and laws of the state.

Citizens have the right to elect representatives who will make decisions on their behalf, reflecting their interests and concerns in the governance process.

Democracy guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and press, allowing individuals to express their opinions and participate in public discourse.

Every citizen has equal voting rights and is entitled to equal treatment under the law, ensuring that no individual or group is unjustly privileged or discriminated against.

Elected officials are accountable to the public and must operate transparently, allowing citizens to scrutinise their actions and hold them responsible for their decisions.

17. What are Germany's two main political parties?

Christian Democratic Union (CDU): A centre-right party that advocates for conservative and Christian-democratic values, focusing on economic stability, a strong social market economy, and traditional values. The CDU often partners with its Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU), in federal government formations.

Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD): A centre-left party that promotes social democracy, advocating for progressive taxation, social welfare programs, and workers' rights. The SPD focuses on reducing social inequalities and expanding social services.

18. Which nations have a federal system of division of powers? Give any two names.

United States: The U.S. has a federal system where power is shared between the national government and individual states. Each state has its own government and legislative authority, while certain powers are reserved for the federal government.

India: India operates under a federal system where power is divided between the central government and various states. Each state has its government and legislative powers, and there are specific areas of governance that are under central or state jurisdiction.

19. Which nations have a federal system of division of powers? Give any two names.

Social Groups: Power sharing helps in representing various social groups, reducing the likelihood of conflict and enhancing social harmony. It ensures that minority groups have a voice in political processes, which can lead to greater inclusivity and social justice.

Linguistic Groups: For linguistic groups, power sharing can help in preserving and promoting their languages and cultures. It allows for the creation of language policies that accommodate different linguistic communities, which fosters a sense of belonging and prevents cultural erosion.

Religious Groups: In a multi-religious society, power sharing ensures that no single religion dominates the state apparatus. It promotes religious tolerance and helps in the fair allocation of resources and representation, which reduces sectarian tensions and promotes coexistence.

20. Which is the third form of governance that is used in Belgium, excluding the Central and State governments?

Ans: In Belgium, apart from the Central and State governments, the third type of government is the Regional Government. Belgium is divided into three regions: Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels-Capital. Each region has its government responsible for various local matters, including education, transportation, and economic policies. This regional government structure ensures that the diverse linguistic and cultural communities within Belgium have a degree of self-governance and representation.

21. Which group gained dominance in Sri Lanka after independence?

Ans: After independence, Sri Lanka witnessed the supremacy of the Sinhalese community. The Sinhalese, being the majority ethnic group in the country, exerted significant political and cultural influence, which led to policies favouring their interests and contributing to tensions with the Tamil minority.

Important Topics of Class 10 Power Sharing Important Questions 

Power Sharing Class 10 Important Questions and Answers PDF covers subjects like concepts such as federalism, power-sharing mechanisms, and the role of community representation in governance.

Benefits of Learning with Power Sharing Class 10 Important Questions and Answers PDF

Studying Class 10 Power Sharing Important Questions offers students several benefits.

Learning important questions on power sharing helps students grasp the complexities of how different levels and branches of government interact. This understanding is important for comprehending how democratic systems function and how they address various societal needs.

Focusing on key questions prepares students for exams by covering essential concepts and case studies related to power sharing. This targeted preparation helps in reinforcing knowledge and improves performance in assessments.

Studying these questions encourages students to apply theoretical concepts to real-world scenarios. Understanding examples like the Belgian and Sri Lankan models allows students to see how different power-sharing arrangements can impact societies.

Learning about power sharing helps students appreciate the importance of accommodating diverse groups and managing conflicts. This awareness is essential for fostering a more inclusive and understanding approach to social and political issues.

Conclusion 

Important Questions of Political Science Class 10 Chapter 1 equips students with a deep understanding of how various forms of power sharing can influence governance and societal harmony. By examining case studies and theoretical concepts, students gain valuable insights into the complexities of democratic processes and conflict management. This knowledge not only enhances their academic performance but also prepares them to be more informed and thoughtful citizens, capable of engaging with and addressing the diverse needs within a society.

Important Study Materials for Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1

CBSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter-wise Important Questions

Additional Study Materials for Class 10 Political Science (Civics) 

FAQs on CBSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Important Questions Chapter 1 Power Sharing

1. Why is power sharing important in a democracy answer according to Power Sharing Class 10 Question Answers Important?

Power sharing is essential in a democracy to ensure that no single group or individual holds excessive power. It promotes fairness, reduces conflicts, and fosters stability by involving multiple stakeholders in decision-making processes.

2. What are the different forms of power sharing discussed in this chapter 1?

The chapter discusses several forms of power-sharing, including horizontal power sharing among different organs of government, vertical power sharing between different levels of government, and power sharing among different social groups and communities.

3. In important questions of Political Science class 10 chapters 1, How does federalism contribute to power sharing in a country ?

According to Important Questions of Political Science Class 10 Chapter 1, Federalism contributes to power-sharing by dividing powers between central and regional governments. This division helps in accommodating diverse regional interests and provides a mechanism for local governance while maintaining national unity.

4. Can you explain the role of community government in Belgium’s power-sharing model?

As we studied in Power Sharing Class 10 Question Answers, In Belgium, the community government is responsible for cultural and linguistic matters, allowing various linguistic and cultural groups to exercise control over their affairs. This arrangement helps in addressing the diverse needs of different communities and prevents conflicts.

5. What is the significance of the concept of 'checks and balances' in horizontal power-sharing in Important Questions of Political Science Class 10 Chapter 1?

The concept of 'checks and balances' ensures that no single branch of government (executive, legislature, judiciary) becomes too powerful. Each branch has specific powers and can limit the powers of the others, thus maintaining a balance and preventing abuse of power.

6. How does vertical power sharing benefit local governance?

Vertical power-sharing involves the distribution of authority between central and local governments. It benefits local governance by allowing local authorities to address community-specific issues effectively and implement policies tailored to local needs. Go thoroughly to understand Important Questions of Political Science Class 10 Chapter 1 to grasp the chapter idea and score better marks in your exams.

7. What are the advantages of power sharing among different social groups in Class 10?

Power sharing among different social groups ensures that all groups have a voice in governance, reducing the likelihood of marginalisation and conflict. It promotes social harmony and inclusivity, helping to integrate diverse interests into the political system.

8. Why might power sharing arrangements be challenged or resisted in some societies?

Power-sharing Chapter 1 arrangements may face resistance due to entrenched power structures, fear of losing control, or disagreements among different groups. Challenges often arise when there is a lack of trust or when groups feel that the arrangements do not adequately represent their interests.

9. How does power-sharing contribute to political stability in a country answer according to Important Questions of Political Science Class 10 Chapter 1.

Power sharing contributes to political stability by ensuring that all major groups have a stake in governance. This inclusivity helps in managing conflicts, fostering cooperation, and creating a more stable and resilient political environment.

10. In what ways can knowledge of power-sharing enhance a student’s understanding of global political issues?

Knowledge of power-sharing helps students understand how different countries manage their diverse populations and address internal conflicts. Important Questions of Political Science Class 10 Chapter 1 provides a framework for analysing various political systems and their effectiveness in maintaining social harmony and governance.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

September 30, 2019 by phani

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics Chapter 1 Power Sharing 

Q.1. What are the different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these. Ans. In modern democracies, the different forms of power sharing are given below with an example of each : (1)

• Power sharing among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
• It is called horizontal distribution pf power
• For example, in India Parliament enacts laws. Executive executes or implements them and judiciary checks the functioning of executive or laws made by the leg statures.

(2) Power sharing among governments at different levels :

• There are governments at the National, State and Local levels.
• Powers are divided among these governments. For example in India, there is a division of powers between Center and the States. There are three lists i.e., Union list, State list and Concurrent list. The residuary powers which have not been included in the three lists are with the Central Government.

(3) Power sharing among different social groups :

• Sometimes religious and linguistic groups too share power as is the case in Belgium where there is a “community government” which is elected by people belonging to one language community no matter where they live.
• Such government enjoys power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.

(4) Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements : In a democracy political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. Sometimes power is shared by different political parties having different ideologies. Such alliances form coalition government.

Q.2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context.  [CBSE Sept. 2010] Ans. (i) (a) India is a multicultural society. (b) India is a democratic country.

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Q.3. After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why ? Give your reasons in about 50 words. Thomman – Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions. Mattai – Power sharing is suited only for big countries that have regional divisions. Ousep – Every society needs some form of power sharing even if they are small or do not have social divisions. Ans . The conclusion drawn by Ouseph is correct. Every society needs some form of power-sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions because power-sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflicts among individuals too. For example, there may be a difference of opinion among the members of a joint family. Such differences may be resolved if responsibilities and powers are divided among the members of the family. Similar is the case in societies and governments. Thus there should be power-sharing in small or big societies or countries.

If there are different communities in a country they should try to accommodate each other as has been done in Belgium – where the French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the central government.

Q.4. The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non¬Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements ? Give your reasons in about 50 words. Ans. The ban on speaking French in the town’s schools in Merchtem is not in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power-sharing arrangements because this is a Flemish town. Dutch is spoken by the people in this region. The ban is an example of the imposition of the will of the majority on the minority which is against the principle of accommodation under which the Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. However, they amended their constitution to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the country. On the other hand, the ban on speaking French may result in strained relations between French-speaking and Dutch-speaking communities.

Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science

Q.5. Read the following passage, and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this. “We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi, and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. The Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption, and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus the Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.” Ans. The following prudential reasons are cited into the passage for power sharing. (a) Reducing corruption by giving power into the hands of the people and thus, making them responsible for their own decisions. (b) Increasing administrative efficiency by delegating the decision-making function to the people affected by it. (c) Improving the efficiency of the system by reducing the number of middlemen, and transferring the planning and implementation to the people concerned through the Panchayats.

Multiple Choice Questions

Previous Year’s Questions 1. Choose the correct option : [CBSE (CCE) 2011] Power sharing is desirable because it helps : (a) To increase pressure on government. (b) To reduce possibilities of conflicts. (c) To generate awareness among people. (d) To increase percentage of voters.

2. Which major social group constituted the largest share in population of Sri Lanka? [CBSE (CCE) 2011] (a) Sinhalas (b) Sri Lankan Tamils (c) Indian Tamils (d) Muslims

3. Which of the following is an example of horizontal sharing of power? [CBSE (CCE) 2011] (a) Power sharing between different states. (b) Power sharing between different organs of the government. (c) Power sharing between different levels of the government. (d) Power sharing between different political parties.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? [CBSE (CCE) 2011] (a) In Belgium, leaders realised that unity of the country is possible only by sharing power. (b) In Sri Lanka, the majority community wants to force domination over others. (c) In Sri Lanka, the demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by Tamils has been granted. (d) Division of Belgium along linguistic lines was averted due to power sharing.

5. Who elects the communist government in Belgium? [CBSE (CCE) 2011] (a) People belonging to one language community only. (b) By the leader of Belgium. (c) The citizens of the whole country. (d) The community leaders of Belgium.

NCERT Questions

6. Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka : A. In Belgium the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French speaking community. B. In Sri Lanka the policies of government ensured the dominance of the Sinhala speaking majority. C. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharingto protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs. D. The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines. Which of the statements given are correct ? (a) A, B, C and D (b) A, B, and D (c) C and D (d) B, C and D

7. Match List I (forms of powe- sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using codes given below the lists :

(a) (i) – D, (ii) – A, (iii) – B, (iv) – C (b) (i) – B, (ii) – C, (iii) – D, (iv) – A (c) (i) – B, (ii) – D, (iii) – A, (iv) – C (d) (i) – C, (ii) – D, (iii) – A, (iv) – B

Additional Questions

8. The Community Government signifies: (a) The powers of government regarding community development. (b) The powers of the government regarding law making for the community. (c) The powers of the government regarding cultural, educational and language related issues. (d) The government enjoys privileges to safeguard the interest of a particular community.

9. System of ‘checks and balances’ means: (a) Horizontal distribution of powers. (b) Separation of powers. (c) Put a check on the exercise of unlimited powers of the organs of government by maintaining a balance of power among various institutions. (d) Federal division of powers.

10. A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants is (a) Community Government (b) Federal Government (c) Majoritarian (d) Prudential

11. Power sharing is : (a) the very spirit of democracy. (b) separation of powers at different levels. (c) system of checks and balances. (d) a type of balancing powers.

12. Vertical division of power is : (a) a system in which each organ of government checks the others. (b) a type of distribution in which power is shared among different organs of government. (c) a type of distribution of power which involves the higher and lower levels of government. (d) a type of government elected by people.

13. Coalition government is the government: (a) based on prudential and moral reasons. (b) government of the majority community. (c) the government elected by the people. (d) an alliance government formed by two or more parties, if no single party gets a majority in the election.

14. The word ‘ethnic’ signifies : (a) different religions. (b) social division on shared culture. (c) a violent conflict between opposite groups. (d) a careful calculation of gains and losses.

15. Which are the important features of prudential reason ? (i) Emphasises intrinsic worth of power sharing. (ii) Based on careful calculation of gains or losses. (iii) Based on moral consideration. (iv) Stresses on beneficial consequences. (a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv) (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii)

16. Which statement justifies the ethnic complexity of Sri Lanka? (a) Sinhalese – 80%, Tamils – 20% (b) Sinhalese – 60%, Tamils – 40% (c) Sinhalese – 74%, Tamils – 18% (d) Sinhalese – 76%, Tamils – 18%

17. Consider the statements on Ethnic composition : (a) The Ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex because of diverse language speaking people like Dutch speaking, French speaking and German speaking. (b) French speaking community was in minority and more powerful. (c) Dutch speaking community was in majority and less powerful. (d) There was conflict between the French and the Dutch communities.

18. Prudential reasons of power sharing stresses on: (a) The stability of political order. (b) To reduce the possibility of conflict between social group. (c) A fair chance/share to minority. (d) All the above.

19. The majority of population in Brussels, the capital city of Belgium speaks : (a) French (b) Dutch (c) German (d) Roman

20. The proportion of Tamils in Sri Lanka’s total population is about: (a) 8 percent (b) 18 percent (c) 28 percent (d) 38 percent

21. In India, power sharing mechanism does not directly involve: (a) Judiciary (b) Legislature (c) Executive (d) Industry

22. Power sharing does not: (a) accommodate diversities. (b) speed up the decision making process. (c) increases conflict among different commuriities. (d) All the above.

23. Coalition Government implies : (a) power sharing among different organs of the government. (b) power sharing by different communities. (c) power sharing by two or more political parties. (d) power sharing within the government at different levels.

24. The religion of state in Sri Lanka is : (a) Buddhism (b) Christianity (c) Hinduism (d) Islam.

25. A strategy under which all the major segments of the society are provided with a permanent share of power in the governance of the country is known as: (a) secularism (b) power sharing (c) majoritarianism (d) minoritism.

26. The majority of the population in Belgium lives in: (a) Wallonia region and speaks French (b) Wallonia region and speaks Dutch (c) Flemish region and speaks Dutch (d) Flemish region and speaks French

27. Belgium successfully solved its problem by : (a) rejecting the policy of majoritarianism. (b) developing a power sharing mechanism. (c) respecting the interest of different communities. (d) All the above.

28. The power of different levels of government shows: (a) separation of powers. (b) community Government. (c) coalition Government. (d) the federal division of power.

29. Match the following : A. Ethnic Composition (i) A violent conflict between opposite groups within a country. B. Majoritarianism (ii) Based on prudence, i.e., a careful calculation of gains or losses. C. Civil War (iii) A social division based on shared culture. D. Prudential reason (iv) A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country. E. Vertical division (v) Power is shared among power different organs of the government. F. Horizontal (vi) Power is involved in the division of the higher and lower power levels of government. (a) A – (iv), B – (iii), C – (ii), D – (i), E – (v), F – (vi) (b) A – (iii), B – (iv), C – (i), D – (ii), E – (vi), F – (v) (c) A – (i), B – (ii), C – (iii), D – (iv), E – (v), F – (vi) (d) A – (ii), B – (iv), C – (iv), D – (v), E – (vi), F – (i)

30. Consider the following two statements on power-sharing and select the answer using codes given below: A. Power sharing is good for democracy. B. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Which of the statements are true and false? (a) A is true but B is false (b) Both A and B are true (c) Both A and B are false (d) A is false but B is true.

31. Indicate true and false for given statements and give valid reasons: (a) In Belgium, the Dutch speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French speaking community. (b) In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the domination of the Sinhala speaking majority. (c) The Transformation of Belgium from a unitary government to a federal one presented possible division of the country on linguistic lines. (d) The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power to protect their culture, language, and equality of opportunity in education and jobs. Answer: (a) False – because French people tried to impose their domination. (b) True – As Sri Lanka followed the majoritarian concept. (c) False – But it helped in power-sharing on linguistic lines. (d) True – As Tamils were alienated from the mainstream of power-sharing.

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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions for Term 2 Exam 2022 (with Answers): Best for Last Minute Revision

Cbse class 10 social science case study questions for term 2 exam 2022 are provided here in pdf. the chapter-wise questions are curated by the subject experts. students must practice these questions for last minute revision and score good marks in exam..

CBSE Class 10 students can access from here the chapter-wise case study questions for Social Science. These questions are important for the CBSE Class 10 Social Science Term 2 Exam 2022 that will be held on 14th May (Saturday). All the questions are provided with answers for the convenience of students.

In the Social Science paper, Section D will have case based questions of 8 marks.  Therefore, students must practice the important chapter-wise questions provided below for quick revision before exam and score full marks.

New* CBSE Class 10 Social Science Solved Sample Paper By Experts for Last Minute Revision (Term 2)

Check below the CBSE Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions”

1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions

In the countryside, rich peasant communities – like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh – were active in the movement. Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment. These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement, organising their communities, and at times forcing reluctant members, to participate in the boycott programmes. For them the fight for

swaraj was a struggle against high revenues. But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised. So when the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate. The poorer peasantry were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand. Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords. As the Depression continued and cash incomes dwindled, the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted. They joined a variety of radical movements, often led by Socialists and Communists. Apprehensive of raising issues that might upset the rich peasants and landlords, the Congress was unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most places. So the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain.

1.a.atidars and Jats are rich Peasants of which State?

(A) Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh

(B) Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh

(C) Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan

(D) Punjab and Haryana

1.b.What was the main demand of poor peasants?

(A) remitting of unpaid rent to land lord

(B) Reduction of land revenue

(C) Complete independence

(D) None of the above

1.c.Among the following groups which group actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

(A) Poor Peasants

(B) Muslims

(D) Rich Peasants

1.d.Which among the following groups joined in radical movements led by socialist and Communists?

(B) Industrialists

(C) Rich farmers

2. Read the following passage and answer the following questions

‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active ...

Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagraha does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction ... In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever.

‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. ... Nonviolence is the supreme dharma.

‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their

2.a.Whose words are given above?

(A) Jawaharlal Nehru

(B) Ambedkar

(C) C R Das

(D) Gandhiji

b.Satyagraha is a passive resistance of weak.

2.c.Satyagraha is based on

(B) Non violence

(C) Both 1 and 2

2.d.Satyagraha is based on ----------

(A) Violence

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Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Power Sharing

September 4, 2021 by Prasanna

CBSE Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Power Sharing Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science . Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing. ( Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions )

Learnintsa.com Committed to provides Extensive NCERT Solutions for  Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing, Students can read and score more marks in your CBSE board examination.

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions Civics Chapter 1

QUESTIONS OF 1 MARK

Answers should not exceed 30 words.

Question 1. Which are the border states of Belgium ? Answer: The border states of Belgium are Netherlands, France and Germany.

Question 2. What is the meaning of ethnic ? Answer:

• Ethnic means a social division based on shared culture.
• People belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture or both,
• They need not always have the same religion or nationality.

Question 3. Which languages are spoken in Belgium ? What is their percentage ? Answer:

• Dutch language – 59 per cent
• French language – 40 per cent
• German language – 01 per cent.

Question 4. What is the percentage of French and Dutch-speaking people in the capital city of Brussels ? Answer:

• French-speaking – 80 per cent
• Dutch-speaking – 20 per cent.

Question 5. State one special problem in Brussels. Answer: In Brussels the special problem was that the Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the country but a minority in the capital (Brussels).

Question 6. Which language is spoken by majority of Sri Lanka ?  [CBSE 2016-17] Answer: Sinhala is spoken by 74 per cent people in Sri Lanka.

Question 7. What is the percentage of Tamil-speaking people ? Answer: 18 per cent people speak Tamil.

Question 8. What is majoritarianism ? Answer: Majoritarianism is a belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority.

Question 9. When was the Act passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language in Sri Lanka ? Answer: In 1956.

Question 10. What was the result of policy of majoritarianism in Sri Lanka ? Answer: It increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

Question 11. What was the object of constitutional amendments between 1970 and 1993 in Belgium ? Answer: The object was to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country.

Question 12. The community government in Belgium is a good example of which form of power sharing ? [CBSE 2016-17] Answer: Power sharing among governments at different levels.

Question 13. Which is third unique form of govt, practiced in Belgium ? [CBSE 2016-17] Or Apart from the central and the state government, what is the other form of government in Belgium ? Answer: Apart from central and the state government there is a third kind of government viz community government elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live.

Question 14. Which type of powers does the community government of Belgium enjoy ? [CBSE 2016-17] Answer: The community government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.

Question 15. Which are the two reasons for power sharing and mention one advantage of each ? Answer:

• Prudential reason : It helps to reduce the possibility of conflicts between social groups.
• Moral reason : It is good for democracies. It is the very spirit of democracy.

Question 16. Mention four types of power sharing. Answer:

• Power sharing among different organs of government.
• Power sharing among government at different levels.
• Power sharing among different social groups.
• Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements.

Question 17. What is horizontal distribution of power ? Answer: Under horizontal distribution, power is shared among different organs of government, such as legislature, executive and judiciary.

Question 18. How power can be shared among governments at different levels ? Answer: Under this, there is a general government for the entire country (central government) and governments at the provincial or regional level (state government).

Question 19. What are the features of sharing power among governments at different levels ? State any one. Answer:

• Under this power sharing, there is division of power between central and state governments.
• It is vertical division of power.

Question 20. Give an example of power sharing among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. Answer: Community government in Belgium is a good example of power sharing among different social groups.

Question 21. Why the system of ‘reserved constituencies’ is adopted in India ? Answer: The system of ‘reserved constituencies’ is adopted to give space/representation in the government and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise would feel alienated from the government.

Question 22. Give an example of power sharing among different political parties in a democracy. Answer: Some time different political parties with different ideologies form an alliance. They contest elections jointly and after winning in the elections, these parties form a coalition government. The example is present NDA government.

QUESTIONS OF 3/5 MARKS

Answers should he in about 80/100 words. Question 1. Describe the geographical and ethnic composition of Belgium. Answer: The geographical and ethnic composition of Belgium is given below : (1) Geographical composition :

• Belgium is a small country in Europe. It is smaller in area than the State of Haryana in India.
• It has borders with Netherlands, France and Germany.
•  Its population is little over one crore. It is half of the population of Haryana state.

(2) Ethnic composition :

• 59 per cent of the population lives in the Flemish region. They speak Dutch language.
• 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region. They speak French.
• Remaining one per cent speak German.
• Brussels is the capital of Belgium. Here, 80 per cent people speak French and 20 per cent speak Dutch. Thus, Belgium is a country of diversities based on languages. Dutch-speaking people are in majority in the country, but a minority in the capital city of Brussels.

Question 2. What was the cause of tension between Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during 1950s and 1960s ? Answer: The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. On the .pther hand Dutch-speaking community got the benefit of economic development and education much later. This was the cause of tension between two communities during the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 3. Describe the geographical and ethnic composition of Sri Lanka. Answer: The geographical and ethnic composition of Sri Lanka is given below :

Geographical composition :

• Sri Lanka is an island nation just a few kilometers off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu.
• Its population is about 2 crore.

Ethnic composition :

• The major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers (74 per cent) and Tamil-speakers (18 per cent).                              ‘
• Tamil-speakers are further divided into two groups – Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils.
• Sri Lankan Tamils are the natives of Sri Lanka. The Indian Tamils’ forefathers migrated from India as plantation workers during colonial period.
• Sri Lankan Tamils live in the north and east of the country.
• Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhist, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims.
• There are about 7 per cent Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.

Question 4. Explain the three measures taken by Sri Lanka as per the Act passed in 1956. [CBSE 2016-17]                                                       Or How was majoritarianism practiced in Sri Lanka ?                                                      Or

What were the reasons for alienation of Sri Lankan Tamils ? What were its effects ?                                                      Or Which policies of the Sri Lankan government have led to the feeling of alienation among Sri Lankan Tamils ?                                                      Or Why Sri Lankan Tamils felt alienated ? Answer: (1) Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The Sinhala community was majority community. Their leaders sought to secure dominance over government. Thus the democratically elected government adopted the following majoritarian measures :

• In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language thus disregarding Tamil.
• The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
• A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

(2) Effects : The above measures gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

• They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their language and culture.
• They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights.
• They also felt that they were being discriminated in getting jobs and other opportunities. Thus the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained and a feeling of alienation grew among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

Question 5. What were the effects of feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils ? Answer: The effects of the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils were as mentioned below :

• The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language.
• They demanded regional autonomy.
• They also demanded equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
• Their demand for regional autonomy was repeatedly denied.
• By 1980s several political organisations were formed and they demanded an s independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
• The distrust and alienation turned into widespread conflict between the two communities. It soon turned into a civil war.
• In the civil war, thousands of people of both the communities were killed. Many
• families were forced to leave the country as refugees. Many lost their livelihoods. Thus although Sri Lanka had excellent record of economic development, education and health, but  the civil war has caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country.

Question 6. What are some of the basic elements of the Belgium model of power sharing ?                                                                      Or Describe the path of accommodation adopted in Belgium. What were its consequences Answer: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. So they adopted a path of accommodation. Its features were as mentioned below :

• Between 1970 and 1993, the constitution was amended four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within same country.
• The constitution prescribes that the Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government.
• Some special law’s require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. No single community not even majority community (Dutch-speaking) can make deci­sions unilaterally.
• The State Governments are not subordinate to the Central Government. Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments.
• There is a separate government in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. Both the commu­nities i.e., French-speaking and Dutch-speaking, have equal representation in the Brussels government. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the central government.
• A third government which is called “community government” is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. The community government has power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.The above model is complicated but it has worked so well that there is no civil strife between the two communities. There is no danger of division of the country on the linguistic basis.

Question 7. How the composition of the capital city of Brussels is different from Belgium as a country ? Answer: In Belgium, the composition of different communities is as given below :

• Dutch-speaking — 59 per cent
• French-speaking — 40 per cent
• German-speaking — 01 per cent

On the other hand, the composition of Brussels is as follows :

• French-speaking — 80 per cent                                                       .
• Dutch-speaking — 20 per cent

Thus, Dutch-speaking people are in majority in the country but they are in minority in the capital city of Brussels. On the other hand, French-speaking people are in minority in the country but they are in majority in the capital citymf Brussels. This composition of different communities has led to the acceptance of principle of accommodation in Belgium by them.

Question 8. What do you learn from the principles followed in Belgium and Sri Lanka i.e., majoritarianism in Sri Lanka and accommodation in Belgium ? Answer: We learn the following lessons from the principles of majoritarianism and accommo­dation followed in Sri Lanka and Belgium :

• In Belgium, the leaders respected the feelings and interests of all communities and were successful in maintaining the unity of the country. They recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. They took various steps such as amendments to the constitution in order to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangements such as equal number of ministers of Dutch and French-speaking people in Brussels and central govt, have worked successfully.
• On the other hand in Sri Lanka, the Sinhala community tried to secure dominance over government and adopted a series of majoritarian measure. The result was alienation of Sri Lankan Tamils and civil war. Thus it proves that the policy and path of accommodation is better than the path of major itarianism.

Question 9. Describe basic principles of democracy about power sharing. [CBSE 2016-17] Or Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.  [CBSE 2016-17] Or Why is power sharing desirable ?    [CBSE 2016-17] Answer: See Textbook Question 2.

Question 10. What are the different forms of power sharing in modem democracies ? Explain any two. [CBSE 2016-17] Answer: Different forms of power sharing are given below :

(1) Power sharing among different organs of government :

• The power is shared by three organs of government i.e., legislature, executive and judiciary.
• Generally, legislature enacts laws, executive executes the laws, makes policies and takes decisions,
• Judiciary interprets the law and protects the rights of the people,
• It is called horizontal distribution of power’because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers,
• Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.
• Each organ checks the others and a balance of power is maintained. For example in India, executive i.e., Council of Ministers is responsible to Lok Sabha. The Council of Ministers must enjoy the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha. If they loose confidence of the Lok Sabha, they have to resign. Similarly judges are appointed by the executive, but they check the function of executive or laws made by the legislatures.

(2) Power sharing among governments at different levels :

• There are governments at the National, State and Local levels.
• Powers are divided among these governments. For example in India, there is a division of powers between Center and the States. There are three lists i.e., Union list, State list and Concurrent list. The residuary powers which have not been included in the three lists are with the Central Government,
• Some powers have been given to local governments under the Panchayati Raj system,
• Such a system is followed in countries where there federal form of government as in the USA and Belgium,
• Such division of powers involving higher and lower levels of government is called vertical division of power.
• However, in countries where there is unitary form of government as in the Great Britain, there is no division of powers. All the powers are vested in the central or national government.

(3) Power sharing among different social groups :

• Sometimes religious and linguistic groups too share power as is the case in Belgium where there is a “community government” which is elected by people belonging to one language community no matter where they live.
• Such government enjoys power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues,
• In India, seats are reserved for SCs and STs in assemblies and parliament. Such a system is adopted to give minority communities a fair share in power so that they are not alienated from the government as has happened in Sri Lanka.

(4) Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements :

• When no party gets an absolute majority in legislature, different parties come together and form a coalition government and share power in a democracy. For example, the present NDA (National Democrative Alliance) government headed by Shri Narendra Modi is a coalition government in which power is shared by different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.
• In addition to this, different pressure groups, interest groups and movements also directly or indirectly influence the decision making process of the government. Thus there is power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements.

Question 11. Differentiate between horizontal and vertical power sharing in modem democracies. Answer: The differences between horizontal and vertical power sharing in modern democracies is as mentioned below:

Question 12. “Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies but they follow different systems of power sharing.” Support the statement by giving three points of difference. Answer: The points of difference between systems of power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka are as mentioned below :

Question 13. Describe basic principles o f democracy about power sharing. Answer:

• They elect their representatives through direct or indirect election. Those who win and secure majority in the legislature form government at various levels i.e., national, state or local.
• In democracy due respect is given to all social groups including minorities. For example in India, minorities enjoy educational and cultural rights. Reservation has been made for SCs/STs in Parliament and State Assemblies. Thus, in democracy power is shared at various levels and among various social groups. It is based on prudence or on careful calculation of gains and losses.

We hope the Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing help you. If you have any query regarding Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Class 10 Civics Extra Questions with Answers

Extra Questions for Class 10 Civics with answers is available here. You can learn and download PDFs of these question from the links given below. These questions are prepared as per the latest NCERT textbook and CBSE Syllabus. Practicing all these questions will help you to increase your marks in the board exams

Extra Questions for CBSE Class 10 Civics – All Chapters

These questions covering the critical aspects of all the chapters of this subject is a useful resource for you to revise before the exams. After practicing these CBSE Class 10 Civics extra questions, you will be confident enough to write the Social Science exam. It will boost your preparation and help you score more marks in the board exam.

• Chapter 1 – Power Sharing
• Chapter 2 – Federalism
• Chapter 3 – Democracy and Diversity
• Chapter 4 – Gender Religion and Caste
• Chapter 5 – Popular Struggles and Movements
• Chapter 6 – Political Parties
• Chapter 7 – Outcomes of Democracy
• Chapter 8 – Challenges of Democracy

• CBSE Notes For Class 10
• Class 10 Social Science Political Science
• Chapter 1 Power Sharing

CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1 - Power Sharing

In Class 9, you have studied that in a democracy, all power does not rest with any one organ of the government. An intelligent sharing of power among the legislature, executive and judiciary is very important for the design of democracy. In this chapter, the idea of power-sharing is explained in detail, drawing parallels between the stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka. Also, you will learn the different forms of power sharing.

You can download the CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 – Power Sharing in PDF format from the link below.

• Chapter 2 Federalism
• Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity
• Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste
• Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements
• Chapter 6 Political Parties
• Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy
• Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy

CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 – Power Sharing

Story of belgium.

Belgium is a small country in Europe with a population of over 1 crore, about half the population of Haryana. Of the country’s total population, 59% speak the Dutch language, 40% of people speak French, and the remaining 1% speak German. Look at the map below to know the language variation of Belgium. The minority French-speaking community was rich and powerful, so they got the benefit of economic development and education. This created tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.

Accommodation in Belgium

In Belgium, the government handled the community difference very well. Between 1970 and 1993, Belgian leaders amended their constitution four times and came up with a new model to run the government.

Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model.

• The Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
• The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
• Brussels has a separate government in which both communities have equal representation.
• Apart from the Central and the State Governments, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

The Belgium model was very complicated, but it helped to avoid civic strife between the two major communities.

Story of Sri Lanka

Now, let’s take the situation of another country, Sri Lanka. It is an island nation having a population of 2 crores, about the same as Haryana. Sri Lanka has a diverse population. The major social groups are the Sinhala speakers (74%) and the Tamil speakers (18%). Among Tamils, there are two subgroups, “Sri Lankan Tamils” and “Indian Tamils”. You can see the map below to know the population distribution of different communities in Sri Lanka.

In Sri Lanka, the Sinhala community enjoyed the bigger majority and imposed its will on the entire country.

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The Sinhala community was in the majority, so they formed the government. They also followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. These measures taken by the government gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. Sri Lankan Tamils felt that the Constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. Due to this, the relationship between the Sinhala and Tamil communities become poor. Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggled for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and for equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand was repeatedly denied by the government. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict and turned into a civil war. As a result, thousands of people from both communities have been killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees, and many more lost their livelihoods. The civil war ended in 2009 and caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country.

What have you learned from the stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka?

• Both countries are democracies, but they deal differently with the concept of power-sharing.
• In Belgium, the leaders have realised that the unity of the country is possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions. This resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power.
• Sri Lanka shows that if a majority community wants to force its dominance over others and refuses to share power, it can undermine the unity of the country.

Why is power sharing desirable?

You will find the answer to this question in the points below.

• Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
• The second reason is that a democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Let us call the first set of reasons Prudential and the second moral. The prudential reasons stress that power-sharing will bring out better outcomes, whereas the moral reasons emphasise the act of power-sharing as valuable.

Form of Power Sharing

Most of you must think that sharing power = dividing power = weakening the country. A similar thing was believed in the past. It was assumed that all the power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located in one place. Otherwise, it would be very difficult to make quick decisions and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-government. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies. Therefore, in a democratic country, political power should be distributed among citizens.

In modern democracies, power sharing can take many forms, as mentioned below:

• Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary . This is called horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.
• Power can be shared among governments at different levels – a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level, which is called the federal government.
• Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. This method is used to give minority communities a fair share of power.
• Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. When two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections, and if they get elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power.

We have compiled History, Geography, Political Science, and Geography notes in one place. You can access them by visiting CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes at BYJU’S. Keep learning and stay tuned for further updates on CBSE and other competitive exams. Download BYJU’S App and subscribe to the YouTube channel to access interactive maths and science videos.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 Political Science Notes Chapter 1: Power Sharing

What is ‘power sharing’.

Power sharing means the distribution of power among the organs of the government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.

What are the languages spoken in Belgium?

Belgium is composed of four language areas: the Dutch language area, the French language area, the German language area (9 municipalities in the east of Belgium) and the bilingual Brussels-Capital area.

Where is Sri Lanka located?

Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean, located to the south of the Indian Subcontinent, sprawling over an area of 65,525 sq. km.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics

Ncert solutions for class 10 civics - political science free pdf download.

Class 10 NCERT Textbook Solutions for Democratic Politics-II Social Science 

• Chapter 1- Power Sharing
• Chapter 2- Federalism
• Chapter 3- Democracy and Diversity
• Chapter 4- Gender, Religion and Caste
• Chapter 5- Popular Struggles and Movements
• Chapter 6- Political Parties
• Chapter 7- Outcomes of Democracy

Related Readings

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History
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CBSE Class 10 Social Science  Chapter Wise Marking Scheme and Weightage Distributions

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Why is power-sharing desirable in a democracy?

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Class 10 Civics Chapter 5 The State Judiciary Important Questions

Table of Contents

Introduction

What is the state judiciary .

Class 10 The State Judiciary Important Questions and Answers

Q 1. the sessions judge hears appeals against the judgement of:, (a) chief judicial magistrate (b) chief metropolitan magistrate (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b).

Ans.(c) Explanation: The Sessions Judge hears appeals against the judgement of the Chief Judicial Magistrate or the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate.All persons convicted by the Sessions Court can appeal to the High Court.

Q 2. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(a) lok adalats were set up on the recommendation of justice bhagwati. (b)these were set up to encourage the settlement of disputes speedily and through compromises between the parties. (c) on october 6, 1985 for the first time lok adalats were held in delhi. (d) all of the above.

Ans.(d) Explanation: These courts were set up on the recommendation of Justice Bhagwati to encourage the settlement of disputes speedily and through compromises between the parties.Lok Adalats are presided over by judicial officers and other persons who possess such qualifications as may be prescribed by the state.On October 6, 1985, for the first time, Lok Adalats were held in Delhi.Justice P.N. Bhagwat inaugurated the Adalats.

Q 3. Mention how the High Court keeps control over the Legislature and the Executive?

Explanation: Like the Supreme Court, a High Court also acts as a Guardian of the Constitution. If it finds any law, executive order or any ordinance to be inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution, it can declare it null and void. Thus, it controls both the Legislature and the Executive.

Q 4. How do the Lok Adalats function?

Explanation:

Functioning of Lok Adalats : Lok Adalats are presided over by judicial officers and other persons, who possess such qualifications as may be prescribed by the State. They make an endeavour to bring compromise or agreement between the parties. On October 6, 1985 for the first time the Lok Adalats were held in Delhi. Justice P. N. Bhagwati inaugurated the Adalats. On the first day, five Lok Adalats were held. On this day, 116 persons received compensation to the tune of ₹35 lakhs. These people had been contesting their motor accident claims since 1978-79. Delhi Transport Corporation immediately made payment to the aggrieved parties. The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 provides that State or district authorities will organise Lok Adalats from time to time. All decisions of the Lok Adalats are now deemed to be decrees of a Civil Court and shall be binding on the parties to the dispute. Up to December 31, 1997 more than seventeen thousand Lok Adalats had been held in different parts of the country. They heard and settled about 68.86 lakh cases. In more than three lakh motor vehicles accident cases, compensation amounting to more than a thousand crore of rupees was awarded.

Q 5. Under which jurisdiction can a High Court accept an appeal against the decision of the District Court ?

Under Appellate Jurisdiction (both civil and criminal), the High Court can accept an appeal against the decisions of the lower courts. In civil cases, the High Court hears the appeal against the decisions of District Judges. In Criminal cases, Appellate Jurisdiction consists of appeals : (i) Against the judgement of a Sessions Judge or an Additional Sessions Judge, where the sentence of imprisonment exceeds seven years. (ii) Against the judgments of Assistant Sessions Judge, the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or other Judicial Magistrates, where the sentence of imprisonment exceeds four years. Also, the High Courts have the following powers with respect to appeals : (a) A sentence of death must be confirmed by the High Court before it can be carried out; and (b) Appeals by the State also lie to the High Court, when the order of acquittal is passed by a Sessions Judge.

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Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Case Based Questions - Democratic Politics - II

What about subjects that do not fall in any of the three lists? Or subjects like computer software that came up after the constitution was made? According to our Constitution, the Union Government has the power to legislate on these 'residuary' subjects. We noted above that most federations that are formed by 'holding together' do not give equal power to its constituent units. Thus, all States in the Indian Union do not have identical powers. Some States enjoy a special status. Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this State without the approval of the State Assembly. Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house here. Similar special provisions exist for some other States of India as well.

Q. Who has the power to legislate on 'residuary' subjects?

Union Government

State government

Community government

Local government

Q. Which of the following subjects comes under 'residuary' subjects?

Computer software

Q. Indians who are not permanent residents of ________ cannot buy land or house here.

Jammu & Kashmir

Q. Which of the following states has its own Constitution?

Uttar Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.

Q. A candidate in an examination conducted for the central government positions has to opt for which language?

Both Hindi and English

Any of the 21 languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution

Q. How many languages are included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?

21 languages

20 languages

25 languages

22 languages

Q. What was the first and major test for democratic Politics in our country?

The creation of linguistic states

The creation of the language policy

The creation of new federal states

The creation of new federal territories

These include States like Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand. When the demand for the formation of States on the basis of language was raised, some national leaders feared that it would lead to the disintegration of the country. The Central Government resisted linguistic States for some time. But the experience has shown that the formation of linguistic States has actually made the country, more united. It has also made administration easier.

Q. Which non- Hindi speaking State demanded that the use of English should continue after 1965?

How many languages do we have in India? The answer depends on how one counts it. The latest information that we have is from the Census of India held in 2001. This census recorded more than 1500 distinct languages which people mentioned as their mother tongues. These languages were grouped together under some major languages. For example, languages like Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani, Bhili and many others were grouped together under 'Hindi'. Even after this grouping, the Census found 114 major languages. Of these 22 languages are now included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and are therefore, called 'Scheduled Languages'. Others are called 'non- Scheduled Languages'. In terms of languages, India is perhaps the most diverse country in the world.

Q. In terms of __________, India is perhaps the most diverse country in the world.

How many languages do we have in India? The answer depends on how one counts it. The latest information that we have is from the Census of India held in 2001. This census recorded more than 1500 distinct languages which people mentioned as their mother tongues. These languages were grouped together under some major languages. For example, languages like Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani, Bhili and many others were grouped together under 'Hindi'. Even after this grouping, the Census found 114 major languages. Of these 22 languages are now included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and are therefore, called 'Scheduled Languages'. Others are called 'non- Scheduled Languages'. In terms of languages, India is perhaps the most diverse country in the world.

Q. How many languages are spoken in India?

More than 1200

More than 1100

More than 1000

More than 1300

Press Trust of India More than 19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues, according to the latest analysis of a census released this week. There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India, which has a population of 121 crore, it said.

Q. Bhojpuri, Magadhi, ____________ , Rajasthani and many others were grouped under 'Hindi'.

B undelkhandi

Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest. The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other. In this sense, federations are contrasted with unitary governments. Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. But in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. State government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people.

Q. Central and state governments are separately answerable to the _______.

Q. Usually, a federation has _________ levels of government.

Q. Under which of the following systems, the central government can pass on orders to the provincial government?

Federal system

Unitary system

Dictatorship

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